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2,121,713,845,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical Cepheids form an important rung on the cosmic distance ladder because they follow a period-luminosity relation, also called the Leavitt Law \citep{Leavitt1908}. As such, Cepheids are used to measure distances to other galaxies \citep[e.g.][]{Piet2010}, and cosmological parameters \cite...
2,121,713,845,142
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} The decay constants of pseudoscalar mesons have been treated by current algebra and PCAC like simple scale parameters relating the meson fields with the coresponding axial currents. In quark models they are expressed by means of the quark-antiquark annihilation amplitude [1], but, although sim...
2,121,713,845,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The isospin degree of freedom \cite{Hei32,Wig37} is a particular feature of systems that contain strongly interacting particles. The (a)symmetry energy characterizes how much the energy of the system changes when the isospin resp.\ the asymmetry is varied keeping other quantities ...
2,121,713,845,144
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} This paper considers the problem of inference in observational studies in which units adopt treatment at varying times and remain treated once adopting treatment. The widespread availability of data with this type of structure has led to the development of several methods for ...
2,121,713,845,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The four thermodynamics laws of black hole, which were originally derived from the classical Einstein Equation, provide deep insight into the connection between thermodynamics and Einstein Equation\cite{Black Hole,ql1}. Recently, this connection has been investigated extensively in the literature...
2,121,713,845,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Burklund and Senger \cite{BurklundSenger} have recently shown that the volume growth of the (stable and unstable) homotopy groups of spheres is subexponential. Their preprint appeared shortly after the first version of this one, and in light of their work this paper has been greatly revised. The...
2,121,713,845,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Radio propagation measurement is essential for developing propagation models~\cite{Cox} and crucial for deploying and maintaining operational systems. There are numerous path loss and delay spread models based on measurements made in a variety of environments, using different transmitter height...
2,121,713,845,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-core processors have seen widespread adoption, with nearly every consumer device containing more than one independent processing unit. However, due to shared resources and their corresponding arbitration mechanisms, e.g.\ cache hierarchies and protocols, reasoning about program behaviours...
2,121,713,845,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Discs around young stars occur ubiquitously \citep[e.g.][]{Brinch2007,Yen2014,Tobin2015,Ansdell2016}. They form due to angular momentum conservation during the collapse of a prestellar core \citep[e.g.][]{Tscharnuter1975,Kamiya1977}. However, owing to flux freezing, an initially magnetised c...
2,121,713,845,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are many paradigms for graph partitioning and \citep{Buluc2016} covers some of them. In fact, there are many communities working on it from a different perspective. Graph partitioning is often done by computer scientists using linear programming(LP) and semi-definite programming(SDP) as is ...
2,121,713,845,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After fitting a Bayesian model we often want to measure its predictive accuracy, for its own sake or for purposes of model comparison, selection, or averaging (Geisser and Eddy, 1979, Hoeting et al., 1999, Vehtari and Lampinen, 2002, Ando and Tsay, 2010, Vehtari and Ojanen, 2012). Cross-validati...
2,121,713,845,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The traditional classification of different phases of matter due to Landau rests on symmetry breaking. Given a pair of gapped Hamiltonians $H_1,H_2$ with some symmetry group $G$, the ground states of $H_1$ and $H_2$ were considered to be in different phases if their symmetry breaking patterns ar...
2,121,713,845,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} As a simple and complete search algorithm, best-first search forms the core of many modern classical planners (e.g. \cite{Helmert2006,Richter2010}). Approaches combining greedy best-first search (GBFS) with other planning techniques have largely been confined to sequentia...
2,121,713,845,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Proofs are traditionally syntactic, inductively generated objects. For example, Fig.\,\ref{fig:lk-drinker-proof} shows a syntactic proof of\note{the formula} $\drinkerformula$. This paper reformulates first-order logic (predicate calculus) \cite{Fre} with proofs which are graph-...
2,121,713,845,155
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past decades already much information on the nucleon's quark and anti-quark helicity distributions, $\Delta q$ and $\Delta \bar{q}$, has been collected. The key processes exploited so far are inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic lepton nucleon scattering (DIS) (see Refs.~\c...
2,121,713,845,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The atomic composition of the Universe is dominated by hydrogen which means that H$_3^+$, as the stable ionic form of molecular hydrogen, is thought to be important in many diverse astronomical environments where it plays a variety of roles \citep{MO00,oka:2006}. So far H$_3^+$ has been ob...
2,121,713,845,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent observations of various origin suggest that around 69\% of the universe consists of the dark energy sector, while around 26\% constitutes of the cold dark matter one \cite{Ade:2015xua}. One usually assumes that these two sectors do not mutually interact, and the resulting scenario is ...
2,121,713,845,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} According to modern cosmology, galaxy clusters reside in the most massive gravitationally bound dark matter halos, and are excellent laboratories to measure the gravity of the universe \citep{kravtsov_borgani}. The gravitational forces in the universe directly influences the collapse and growth ...
2,121,713,845,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Recent STAR and PHENIX experimental results \cite{abelev, horner, adler} have shown that light partons with high transverse momentum lose a significant amount of energy \cite{energ1, energ2} when traversing the dense nuclear medium created in central Au+Au collisions. This le...
2,121,713,845,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} Let $\Omega$ be a smooth bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$ with $N\ge 2$, $0\in\Omega$ and $\mu_0:=-\frac{(N-2)^2}{4}$ the best constant for the standard Hardy inequality. The purpose of this paper is to study the bounds of eigenvalues for the Dirichlet problem \begin{equa...
2,121,713,845,161
arxiv
\subsection{Simulated experiments} We focus on simulations of key ocean behaviors of interest to oceanographers: vortices, concentrated divergences, and combinations thereof. As a summary across simulation experiments in \cref{tab:mse}, we see that -- for predictions, divergence estimates, and vorticity estimate...
2,121,713,845,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum cryptography \cite{gisin01,bouda04} (for a popular review see \cite{gottesman00}) is a rapidly developing branch of quantum information processing. The results of quantum cryptography include quantum key distribution \cite{bennett84,ekert91}, quantum secret sharing \cite{hillery99,cleve99...
2,121,713,845,163
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} As it happens in many other fields, the choice of reasonable metrics can have divergent effects on the assessment of (meta-)solvers. While these issues are mitigated when comparing individual solvers in competitions having uniform scenarios in term of size, difficulty, and nature, the comparison o...
2,121,713,845,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the three-body problem, three bodies move in space under their mutual gravitational interactions as described by Newton's theory of gravity. Solutions of this problem require that future and past motions of the bodies be uniquely determined based solely on their present positions ...
2,121,713,845,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Recent technological advances have allowed us to collect data at massive scales with relative ease. This trend, often referred to as 'Big Data', has given rise to notoriously challenging high-dimensional parameter estimation problems. A common example is the computation of the {m...
2,121,713,845,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} If the primordial inflation~\cite{Ade:2013uln} has to make connection to the observed world and be a {\it predictive science} then it has to be embedded within a particle theory~\cite{Mazumdar:2010sa}, where the last $50-60$ e-foldings of inflation must occur within a visible sector with a labo...
2,121,713,845,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{W}{ith} the rapid development of social networks, a massive amount of digital images have been produced. They could be distorted in any stage of the whole media technical chain, from acquisition, processing, compression to transmission and consumption. Therefore, a reliable image qu...
2,121,713,845,168
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A practical wireless channel, due to multi-path propagation and Doppler shift, is both time- and frequency-selective. The cyclic prefix (CP)-aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) combats the channel frequency-selectivity \cite{DBLP:journals/twc/WangPMZ06}. A large Doppler shi...
2,121,713,845,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of this paper is to study pattern matching conditions on the wreath product $C_k \wr S_n$ of the cyclic group $C_k$ and the symmetric group $S_n$. $C_k \wr S_n$ is the group of $k^nn!$ signed permutations where we allow $k$ signs of the form $1=\omega^0$, $\omega$, $\omega^2$, $\ldots...
2,121,713,845,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} Normal family theory plays a pivotal role in classical complex analysis and in the more modern developments of complex dynamics. However, checking whether or not a given family is normal directly from the definition is usually a challenging task. For this reason, results...
2,121,713,845,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) have layered structures, where the atoms within a TMD monolayer form a covalently bonded planar network, and the interaction between these layers is a weak, van der Waals interaction.\cite{Chhowalla:natchem13,Xu:chemr...
2,121,713,845,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Czech:2015qta}, \cite{Czech:2015kbp} and \cite{Czech:2016xec}, the notion of the ``kinematic space" (k-space) as an intermediary between the AdS and CFT descriptions was introduced and developed further. In the CFT$_2$\footnote{In \cite{Czech:2016xec}, the k-space was discussed for CFT$...
2,121,713,845,173
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} It is generally speculated that non-equilibrium thermodynamical processes play a crucial role in the description of the physics of the early universe. In fact Schrodinger [1] initiated the microscopic description of the gravitationally induced particle production in an expanding universe. Then a...
2,121,713,845,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The standard approach to predicting how active a chemical compound will be against a given target (usually a protein that needs to be inhibited) in the development of new medicines is to use machine learning models. Currently, there is no agreed single best learning algorithm to...
2,121,713,845,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A long-standing problem in astrophysics stems from the work of \cite{Yong04} and \cite{schuler04:Pleiades_M34, schuler06:triplet}, who noticed startling discrepancies involving iron and oxygen abundances, leading to questions regarding the viability of standard 1D-LTE model atmospheres. \cite{Yo...
2,121,713,845,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ajello et al. (2009, hereafter A09) recently published the list of blazars detected in the all sky survey by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) onboard the {\it Swift} satellite, between March 2005 and March 2008. BAT is a coded mask designed to detect Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), has a large field o...
2,121,713,845,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent experimental observation of normal-superfluid transition in two-component Fermi gases \cite{ZSSK,ZSSK2,SSSK} has attracted a great deal of attention on the subject of strongly interacting confined fermionic atoms. In this context, an important result consisted in the observation on the...
2,121,713,845,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of sound sources has been a popular signal processing research topic due to its widespread applications, including speech enhancement and dereverberation, robot auditory, and spatial room acoustic analysis and synthesis. Various algorithms and array st...
2,121,713,845,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \makeatletter{\renewcommand*{\@makefnmark}{} \footnotetext{AMS subject classification: Primary 47D06, 47D08; Secondary 35A08, 35B25} \footnotetext{Keywords and phrases: Schr\"odinger perturbation, Gaussian estimates} \footnotetext{The research of the first author was supported by...
2,121,713,845,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Imagine a fog, a colloid, or a polymeric melt: systems in which identical primitives form aggregates of various sizes. In this paper we study the size distributions of such aggregates by analyzing limit shapes for various Gibbs-type probability measures on partitions. These measures are prescrib...
2,121,713,845,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $f = \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty}a_{n}q^{n}$ be a normalized cuspidal newform of weight $k$ and level $N$ with character $\varepsilon$, and let $p$ be a prime such that $p \nmid N$. Let $\alpha$ be a root of the Hecke polynomial $X^{2} - a_{p}X + p^{k - 1}\varepsilon(p)$ which, after fixing an isom...
2,121,713,845,182
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{intro} \notetoeditor{We would prefer a single column format due to the large widths of the equations.}Accurate measurements of flows in the deep solar interior are important for understanding meridional circulation, differential rotation, and giant convection cells. Time-distance he...
2,121,713,845,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[t] \begin{centering} \includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{overview.pdf} \par\end{centering} \caption{\textbf{Various Floquet-induced quantum states.} For Dirac fermions as in graphene, \textbf{a} illumination of a circularly-polarised light (CPL) induces the Floquet topolog...
2,121,713,845,184
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The periodic Anderson model (PAM) gives a schematic description of very important systems with strongly correlated electrons, and there are several recent reviews on this subject \cite{Reviews}. The model consists of a lattice with two localized electronic states at each site, strongly correlate...
2,121,713,845,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The permutation test is perhaps the most widely used nonparametric test procedure in sciences \cite{chung.2017.IPMI,thompson.2001,zalesky.2010}. It is known as the exact test in statistics since the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis can be exactly computed if we can c...
2,121,713,845,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of the Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) task is to correct grammatical errors in natural texts. This includes correcting errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar, morphology, word choice, and others. An intelligent GEC system receives text containing mistakes and produces its corre...
2,121,713,845,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Music has been used to transfer and convey emotions since the initial era of human communication~\cite{juslin:2005:chapter, juslin:2003:pshycb}. In the field of music signal processing, either perceived or induced emotion (see~\cite{juslin2004expression} for details) has b...
2,121,713,845,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Aims and objectives} \label{firstofall} Much as Hochschild cohomology for an associative algebra characterises deformations of the product structure \cite{Ger:TCSOAAR}, Gerstenhaber-Schack cohomology characterises bialgebra deformations \cite{GerSch:ABQGAAD}, that is, it occurs when o...
2,121,713,845,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The global picture of the formation of structures on all scales is one of the widest questions in modern cosmology. Even the validity of the gravitational instability paradigm has not yet received complete confirmation and the door remains open to alternative approaches, like the topological d...
2,121,713,845,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{fig1} \caption{ a) A photograph of melt ponds taken during the 2005 HOTRAX mission. b) A sketch of the hole drainage model. The model begins with an ice surface, a large fraction of which is flooded. A hole opens at a random locati...
2,121,713,845,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} The energy transport by atomistic oscillations in crystalline solids is a central question in solid state physics. To the first order approximation, the oscillations can be described by a discrete wave equation $$\ddot u_t(\gamma) = -\sum_{\gamma'} \alpha(\gamma-\gamma') u_t(\gamma')$$ where $...
2,121,713,845,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the discovery that super-massive black holes (SMBHs) sit at the centers of most massive galaxy in the local Universe \citep[e.g.,][]{kormendy95}, determining their formation history remains one of big challenges in astrophysics. It has been further determined that the mass of SMBHs corr...
2,121,713,845,193
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Among the fundamental questions in high-$T_c$ superconductors, a description of the normal state of the superconducting oxides in the framework of a Fermi liquid remains a central issue \cite{1}. Within the Fermi-liquid description, the BCS theory of superconductivity predicts an energy gap in th...
2,121,713,845,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum information science and technology is a growing field that provides interesting concepts such as quantum computers, quantum teleportation, and quantum cryptography. Its development has proved fruitful in both theoretical and experimental aspects, leading to various demonstrations in res...
2,121,713,845,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique that finds a small number of orthogonal basis vectors, called principal components, along which most of the variability of the dataset lies. Accurately computing the principal components in the presence of outlie...
2,121,713,845,196
arxiv
\section{\large Introduction} The interplay between theory and experiments which probe into the world of the very small and that of the very large has led to remarkable progress over the last five decades. The insights gained in the two worlds have in fact become linked. This is indicated briefly in Chart 1. Studie...
2,121,713,845,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The innermost regions of accreting black holes and the underlying physics of the accretion process can be successfully studied using the X-ray spectra of black hole binaries. Over the past years, such studies have revealed that Galactic black hole binaries (GBHBs) radiate in various distinct s...
2,121,713,845,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} People rely on word-of-mouth learning when deciding whether to vaccinate their children, adopt a new diet, participate in an aid program, adopt a new technology, or support some government policy. In some cases, such learning fails to deliver a consensus on basic facts that are a vital basis for...
2,121,713,845,199
arxiv
\section{Complexity analysis} \label{sec:complexity} We presented two different restarting strategies: the structured semi--explicit restart and the implicit restart. They have different performances and in general, one is not preferable to the other. The best choice of the restarting strategy depends on the p...
2,121,713,845,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{se:intro} Whether or not newborn stars in star clusters are randomly drawn\footnote{Random sampling means choosing a number $N$ of stars randomly from the distribution function which is in this case the IMF.} from the IMF is of utmost importance for various fields of stellar astrophysic...
2,121,713,845,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \paragraph{Motivation.} Recent years have seen growing interest in approaches for augmenting the capabilities of learning-based methods with those of reasoning, often broadly referred to as \emph{neuro-symbolic} (though they may not be strictly neural). One of the key goals t...
2,121,713,845,202
arxiv
\section*{Figure Captions\markboth {FIGURECAPTIONS}{FIGURECAPTIONS}}\list {Figure \arabic{enumi}:\hfill}{\settowidth\labelwidth{Figure 999:} \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep\usecounter{enumi}}} \let\endfigcap\endlist \relax \def\tablecap{\section*{Table Captions\markbo...
2,121,713,845,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs)~\cite{anderson_ensher_1995,davis_mewes_1995a,bradley_sackett_95,bradley_sackett_97} are interesting systems to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of interacting quantum gases. The ability to experimentally control the many-body interactions~\cite{chin_grimm_2010},...
2,121,713,845,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The mass function of dark matter halos (i.e., their abundance as a function of mass) is an important ingredient in constraining cosmological parameters using galaxies and clusters of galaxies \nocite{Frenk90,Kauffmann93,Haiman01,Reiprich02,Hoekstra02}({Frenk} {et~al.} 1990; {Kauffmann} \& {W...
2,121,713,845,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we continue our study of theta representations or general Howe correspondences. Our original motivation is to study the tensor induced representations of $p$-adic groups. For that purpose, we study theta representations of finite monoids around this topic. Let $M$ be a finit...
2,121,713,845,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let $\Delta$ be a triangulation of a simply connected polygonal domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$ having $f_1$ interior edges and $f_0$ interior vertices. A landmark result in approximation theory is the 1979 paper of Schumaker \cite{schu}, showing that for any triangulation $\Delta$, a...
2,121,713,845,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fix a finite abelian group $A$ of order $d$. Let $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be a Galois extension with $\Gal(K/\mathbb{Q}) \cong A$. We can view $K$ as $d$-dimensional $\mathbb{Q}$ vector space. Suppose that $\omega_1, \ldots, \omega_d$ is a basis then consider the affine variety $T$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ define...
2,121,713,845,208
arxiv
\subsection{Function approximation via Physics-Informed Neural Networks}\label{subsec:NN_methodology} The goal of the PINN is to accurately approximate the complex mapping $\phi$ such that we can obtain approximations of the system's state evolutions $\hat{\bm{x}}(t; \mathcal{C})$ and $\hat{\bm{y}}(t; \mathcal{C})$ ...
2,121,713,845,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The feasibility of a quantum information task is related to the reduced or absence of non-local resources needed to its implementation and is an important asset for quantum communication purposes \cite{braunstein}, setting the limit for its widespread use. However, Quantum State Tomography (QS...
2,121,713,845,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the last years, the development of computer vision algorithms has seen a massive improvement thanks to the advent of deep learning enabling new applications in the context of autonomous driving, video surveillance, and virtual reality. The visual understanding capabilities of...
2,121,713,845,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Normalized characters and Stanley polynomials} For a Young diagram $\lambda$ with $N=|\lambda|$ boxes and a partition $\pi\vdash k$ we denote by \[ \Ch_\pi(\lambda) = \begin{cases} \underbrace{N(N-1)\cdots(N-k+1)}_{k \text{ factors}}\ \frac{\chi^{\lambda}\left(\pi\cup 1^{...
2,121,713,845,212
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Although studied theoretically for many years and observed in our space surroundings, collisionless shocks still show a variety of physical processes that reveal complex physics behind them. Some basic properties of shocks in general, including non-linear steepening, are expla...
2,121,713,845,213
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{ett} Pseudoscalar mesons are produced in high-energy electron-nucleus scattering through a two-photon process where the two photons are radiated, one by the high-energy electron and the other by the atomic nucleus. This possibility was studied, in the Born approximation, by Hadji...
2,121,713,845,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Objectives and state of the art} Understanding electromagnetic phenomena has played a fundamental role in quantum mechanics. The simplest mathematical model for the Hamiltonian of an electron, subject to an external electric field described by a scalar potential $V:\mathbb{R}^3\to\...
2,121,713,845,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many years ago a model for a varying gravitational coupling was introduced \cite{brans}. The model consisted of a massless scalar field whose inverse was associated with the gravitational coupling. Such a field evolved dynamically in the presence of matter and led to cosmological predictions diff...
2,121,713,845,216
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} \bibliographystyle{acl_natbib} \section{Human Semantic Processing} The study of human semantic memory---word meanings, their relations, and their storage---is challenging due to the complexity of factors involved. Finding (1) the right representation for word meanings and their relations, ...
2,121,713,845,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we consider the inverse mean curvature flow (IMCF) \begin{equation} \dot{x}=\frac{1}{H}\nu\end{equation} in an ambient manifold of the form $([R_{0},\infty)\times\S^{n},\-{g}).$ For the detailed set of assumptions see \ref{assA}, \ref{assB} and \ref{assC}. The motivation for this in...
2,121,713,845,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Group testing improves testing capabilities for infectious diseases when resources are limited. In normal scenarios, infected individuals from a population of size $N$ are identified by testing all population members individually, which uses $N$ tests. In the simplest form of group testing, indi...
2,121,713,845,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently a series of new results on the classical divergence equation have been published. In the original paper due to J. Bourgain and H. Brezis \cite{BB1} the authors presented new developments for the solvability of the equation \begin{equation}\label{divergente} \diver v =F, \end{equation} w...
2,121,713,845,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \paragraph{Extending the Standard Model to high scales and Higgs inflation.} No deviations from the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics have been discovered in collider experiments. The only new piece of information (stronger exclusion limits on extensions of the SM aside)...
2,121,713,845,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} this paper we investigate a propagative impact model for rigid body systems\cite{baraff_analytical_1989,chatterjee_new_1998} and the conditions under which it provides a deterministic prediction for the outcome of simultaneous impacts. Our motivating system ...
2,121,713,845,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ternary semiconducting compounds with the formula $A^IB^{III}C_2^{VI}$ and $A^{II}B^{IV}C_2^V$ such as $CuAlS_2$, $AgAlSe_2$, $CdSiP_2$, $ZnSnAs_2$ etc have been widely investigated because of their potential applications in electro-optic, optoelectronic and nonlinear optical devices. These c...
2,121,713,845,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the paper \cite{Gu:2018fpm}, two of the authors proposed a description of mirrors to nonabelian two-dimensional gauge theories, extending work on mirrors to abelian two-dimensional gauge theories in \cite{Hori:2000kt}. The paper \cite{Gu:2018fpm} only considered mirrors to gauge theories wit...
2,121,713,845,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Shannon's well known channel coding theorem \cite{shannon1948mathematical} states that for every channel a code exists, such that encoded messages can be transmitted and decoded with an error as low as needed while the transmission rate is below the channel's capacity. The conve...
2,121,713,845,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec.introduction} Channel capacity is a fundamental notion in the field of information theory that started with the seminal paper of \cite{Shannon1948}. For a given channel, it provides an upper bound on the rate at which information can be reliably transmitted. In this paper we consider t...
2,121,713,845,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} We will assume throughout that $(\Omega,{\cal F},\P)$ is a given probability space. Let us consider the following stochastic differential equation (SDE) on ${\mathbf R}^d$ \begin{equation} \label{sde} dX_t=\sum_{i=1}^n \sigma_i(X_t) \dd B_t^i+\sigma_0(X_t)\dd t, \end{equation} where...
2,121,713,845,227
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} We can use the definability theorem of Svenonius to study definable elements in groups. For the case of finite groups, a version of this theorem will be used which can be proved by an elementary argument. We briefly discuss this well-known result of the model theory. Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a...
2,121,713,845,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is known that the Dirac-Yang-Mills (DYM) operator ${D\mkern-2mu\llap{{\raise+0.5pt\hbox{\big/}}}\mkern+2mu}=\gamma^\mu D_\mu$, $D_\mu={\partial}_\mu-{\mathrm i} A_\mu$, is chiral-supersymmetric in any even dimensions \cite{1}, and it is easy to verify that for a $4$-dimensional, self-dual gau...
2,121,713,845,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} EUSO-SPB2 is a precursor mission for future space observatories for multi-messenger astrophysics. The innovative approach of EUSO-SPB2 is to use the Earth as a giant particle detector, studying fluorescence and Cherenkov light from the edge of the s...
2,121,713,845,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the main features of the relativistic mechanics is that time and space coordinates are on the same footing. In contrast, in standard relativistic quantum mechanics the treatment of those quantities is not symmetric. This fact poses a puzzle to physics since long time ago. In a fin...
2,121,713,845,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In medical imaging studies, one is concerned about whether a newly developed imaging modality is more accurate than traditional modalities to correctly discriminate a subject with abnormal lesions from a subject without such lesions. Imaging modalities are considered as an example of ...
2,121,713,845,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In addition to exceptionally high applicability of lithium orthophosphates~\cite{padhi1997phospho,chung2011electronically,park2010review} for electrochemical energy storage in Li-ion batteries, competing magnetic interactions, magnetic anisotropy and coupling of spin and electric degrees of free...
2,121,713,845,233
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxy clusters are the rarest collapsed objects in the Universe, forming from the largest fluctuations in the primordial density field. A key result is that the abundance of clusters at any epoch depends sensitively on the cosmological initial conditions. Therefore, clusters are important cosmo...
2,121,713,845,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) is now well established in clinical practice as a means of enhancing surgical instrumentation and ergonomics with respect to conventional laparoscopic approaches \cite{Moorthy2004}. Surgical specialisations like gynecology and urology have driven ...
2,121,713,845,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Linear optical quantum information processing (QIP) \cite{Knill:2001aa,kok2007} has a mathematical representation in the form of finite-dimensional unitary transfer matrices operating on a Hilbert space of vectors that represent qubits/qudits \cite{Genovese:2008:1936-6612:...
2,121,713,845,236
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} \noindent We would like to thank Emi Kou for motivating the studies of charmonium production in \mbox{LHCb}\xspace using hadronic final states and the useful discussions regarding charmonium production mechanisms. We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departm...
2,121,713,845,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In this paper we will investigate a regularized version of the optimal transport problem. Optimal transport dates back to the work of Monge in 1781 but the problem formulation we use here is the one of Kantorovich~\cite{kantorovich1942translocation}. Let us fix some notation...
2,121,713,845,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The goal of automatic program repair (APR) techniques is to automatically correct bug(s) in a piece of existing troublesome source code. Many researches have been devoted on applying machine learning techniques to APR ~\cite{monperrus2018automatic}. Given the similarity between ...
2,121,713,845,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnesium diboride with its superconducting critical temperature $T_c$ similar to doped La$_{2}$CuO$_{4}$, rather simple crystallography and phonon-mediated superconductivity stimulated considerable interest.\cite{Nagamatsu,Budko} Indeed, recent years have reaffirmed that room-temperature supe...
2,121,713,845,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The proper Euclidean geometry studies mutual dispositions of geometrical objects (figures) in the space (in the set $\Omega $ of points). Any geometrical object $\mathcal{O}$ is a subset $\mathcal{O\subset }\Omega $ of points. Relations between different objects are relations of equivalence, whe...