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2,121,713,847,341 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION} \label{intro}
Mechanical and radiative feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) are beginning to gain attention as important astrophysical processes. By definition, active galactic nuclei have strong radiation fields. They typically possess outflows in the form of spatially-resolved jets on ... |
2,121,713,847,342 | arxiv | \subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}%
\z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{-.5em}%
{\normalfont\bfseries}}
\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}%
\z@\z@{-\fontdimen2\font}%
\normalfont\bfseries}
\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}%
\z@\z@{-\fontdimen2\font}%
\normalfont\bfs... |
2,121,713,847,343 | arxiv | \section{Introducing remarks}
\label{sec:1}
Both
adhesion/stiction and continuous sliding
mechanisms are essential for modeling a frictional interface between moving bodies. Dynamic transitions in the friction processes, from
the attachment-detachment cycles (see e.g. \cite{zeng2006}) to the
stick-slip and then contin... |
2,121,713,847,344 | arxiv | \section{The Benefits of (Post-)Local SGD} %
\label{sec:scalability_of_local_sgd}
While local SGD undoubtedly reduces communication and thus overall runtime, the specific speedup varies from task to task.
In this section we illustrate the scalability challenges of minibatch SGD in distributed settings and show t... |
2,121,713,847,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In search of new solutions of Einstein's field equations, we can try to extend well--known geometries by adding extra sources and then interpreting such additional matter sector in an appropriate manner. However, given the non--linearity of the Einstein field equations, it is clear t... |
2,121,713,847,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Denote by $\S_\delta$ the space of contravariant symmetric tensor fields with
coefficients in $\delta$-densities over $\R^n$ and by ${\mathcal
D}_{\lambda,\lambda+\delta}$ the space of differential operators acting
between spaces of densities of weight $\lambda$ and $\lambda+\delta$.
A \em... |
2,121,713,847,347 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
A basic tenet of quantum mechanics is that the state of quantum system describes only
its statistical properties.
A state can be pre-selected by a projective measurement and
its properties can be investigated by repeating measurements on identically
prepared ensembles of the sy... |
2,121,713,847,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The algorithmic treatment of correlations effects in many fermion systems still poses one of the hardest challenges to condensed matter theory.
This is especially true in the parameter regimes most interesting from the physical point of view, where unconventional magnetic or superconducting pheno... |
2,121,713,847,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nearly all actively-researched NMT models have the following properties:
\begin{itemize}
\item The decoder uses an attention mechanism over the source sequence representations.~\cite{aligntranslate,luong, transformer}.
\item The encoder and decoder are two different modules, and the encoder mus... |
2,121,713,847,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mirror models~\cite{mirror} were proposed many years ago by Lee and Yang as a possible way to reconcile the observed parity violation in weak interactions with a more fundamental theory that conserves parity. They proposed that parity could be taking observed particles to their parity part... |
2,121,713,847,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The anthropogenic climate change and the resulting frequent and intense extreme events have caused widespread impacts on natural and human systems and sometimes led to severe damage and loss~\cite{zhongming2021ar6}. Prediction with climate models provides a critical refe... |
2,121,713,847,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study electron wavepacket dynamics in the electric and magnetic fields by introducing time varying wavevectors $k(t)$. We do it both for free electron and electron in a periodic potential. We derive the equation of group velocity of
electron wavepacket in electric and magnetic ... |
2,121,713,847,353 | arxiv | \section{Credits}
This document has been adapted from the instructions
for earlier ACL and NAACL proceedings,
including those for ACL 2017 by Dan Gildea
and Min-Yen Kan, NAACL 2017 by Margaret
Mitchell, ACL 2012 by Maggie Li and Michael
White, those from ACL 2010 by Jing-Shing Chang
and Philipp Koehn, those for ACL 20... |
2,121,713,847,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
La théorie des immeubles de F. Bruhat et J. Tits, cf. \cite{BTI} et \cite{BTII}, pour les groupes réductifs sur un corps valué est un outil surtout combinatoire, mais aussi schématique, qui a connu un succès énorme, tant en théorie des représentations qu'en géométrie algébrique arithmétique. L... |
2,121,713,847,355 | arxiv | \section*{References}
\global\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\labelwidth\leftmargini \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep 1pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
\parsep 0.25ex plus 1pt \itemsep 0.25ex plus 1pt}
\list {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelw... |
2,121,713,847,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
VLBI observations of compact radio sources show that the ejection
of VLBI components does not follow a straight line, but undulates.
These observations suggest a precession of the accretion disk.
To explain the precession of the accretion disk, we assumed that
the nuclei of... |
2,121,713,847,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Search for new particles has been constantly the center of attention
in contemporary high energy physics.
The initially reported excess of high $Q^2$ events
at HERA by the H1~\cite{h1:1997}
and ZEUS~\cite{zeus:1997} collaborations~\footnote{For a recent
review on leptoquark searches in high $... |
2,121,713,847,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent attempts to stabilise moduli in string compactifications fluxes have
played a crucial role. It has also been realised that the notion of flux can
be generalised to include geometric fluxes which can be described in terms of
manifolds with restricted structure group. In this paper we wi... |
2,121,713,847,359 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The irrationality exponent $\lambda(x)$ of an irrational real number
$x$ is defined as the supremum of real numbers $\lambda$ such that the
inequality
\begin{equation}\label{irr_exp}
\left|x - \frac{p}{q}\right| < q^{-\lambda}
\end{equation}
has infinitely many rational solutions $p/q$. ... |
2,121,713,847,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Classification of the Rational Conformal Field Theories (RCFTs) is a
long-standing problem. The unitary minimal models with $c<1$ were
classified by \cite{Belavin:1984vu, Friedan:1983xq} a long time ago. The $c=1$
theories have a continuous moduli space corresponding to A and D type
symm... |
2,121,713,847,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The angular-momentum projection has been widely used and is a crucial technique for nuclear structure calculations \cite{ringschuck}.
A mean-field method often provides us with a spontaneously symmetry-broken wave function, whose symmetry can be restored by the projection meth... |
2,121,713,847,362 | arxiv | \subsection{\label{DC_model}The dual-coupling (DC) model}
\noindent
In the dual-coupling (DC) model both the on-site energies and the tunneling energies are modulated by the bath due to the simultaneous presence of diagonal couplings to $\sigma_z$, and non-diagonal couplings to $\sigma_x$. The Pauli matrices span the H... |
2,121,713,847,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The likelihood principle offers an approach to utilizing the information in the whole of the likelihood function for inference and it appears to provide a principled basis for the assessment of statistical evidence. However, the likelihood principle is controversial. It might... |
2,121,713,847,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-equilibrium collective effects in the exciton and
exciton-polariton systems in semiconductor heterostructures are a
subject of intensive studies \cite{Mos, KK, 1990, 1994, Loz-Ber,
But_ring, snoke_nat, L1, L2, Snoke2003, MacDonald, Balats, BLS,
Rap04, Levitov, Den, Ha, Sug06, Szym, Tim... |
2,121,713,847,365 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
When a star with mass greater than about $\unit[8]{M_\odot}$ exhausts its fuel,
the electron Fermi pressure can not prevent the collapse of the stellar core.
In a few milliseconds, the density of the collapsing core reaches the nucleon
density, the pressure due to the nucleon F... |
2,121,713,847,366 | arxiv | \section{
\label{sec1}
Introduction}
The discussion of optimal control protocols for evolving quantum systems and the
relevance of transition speeds and their limits can be traced back to the dawn
of quantum theory as can be seen in the example of Fermi's golden rule for the
mean transition rate into an orthogonal ener... |
2,121,713,847,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }\label{sec:intro}
Let $u(x)$ be a function of the independent variable $x=(x_1, \dots, x_d)\in M$.
This paper is mainly devoted to the case of dimension four, i.e., $d=\dim M=4$.
We consider the general class of second-order PDEs of the form
\begin{equation}\label{H}
F(x, u, Du, D^2u)=0
\end... |
2,121,713,847,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In VLBI images of relativistic jets, the location of the narrow end of
the jet (branded the ``core'') is fundamentally determined by absorption
in the radio emitting plasma itself (synchrotron self-absorption) and/or
in the material surrounding the flow
\cite{BlandfordKonigl79,Koenigl81,L98} and... |
2,121,713,847,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The young ($\sim 330\ \rm yr$ old)
supernova remnant (SNR) Cassiopeia~A (Cas~A)
is a unique astrophysical laboratory for studying high-energy phenomena
in SNRs because of its brightness across
the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio \citep[e.g.,][]{Baars77}
to very-high-energy gamma-r... |
2,121,713,847,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Whenever a new and more socially efficient technology emerges, society has a natural interest in spurring its adoption. The traditional approach to achieving this end has been to directly subsidize its purchase. If an individual does not internalize their positive externality, subsidies can alig... |
2,121,713,847,371 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In nature and in our daily life, many soft materials are
formed due to the dynamical arrest of the constituent particles
\cite{book,witten,tartaglia}. Usually they are labelled as gels if
the particle density is low and as glasses if the density is large.
However, the difference between these tw... |
2,121,713,847,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec: Introduction}
Studying rotation curves of spiral galaxies during the 1960s-1980s leads to the conclusion that about 80 percent of the total mass of galaxies is in the form of dark matter (DM) \cite{1970ApJ...159..379R, Freeman1970,1980ApJ...238..471R}. Subsequent series of studies use... |
2,121,713,847,373 | arxiv |
\section{Artifact Appendix}\label{sec:artifact}
\lstset{%
numbers=none,
tabsize=4
}
\subsection{Abstract}
This artifact provides the implementation of the
\textsf{STScript}\xspace toolchain.
We provide a number of web applications implemented using the
APIs generated from \textsf{STScript}\xspace to test the exp... |
2,121,713,847,374 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of duality, namely that two seemingly different quantum field theories are in fact descriptions of the same physical system, is a powerful concept with far-reaching consequences.
Some dualities relate strongly-coupled theories to weakly-coupled ones, allowing one to study stron... |
2,121,713,847,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exposure of inorganic calorimeter crystals to large fluences of high-energy hadrons became an issue needing investigation with the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and of its detectors at CERN. The choice of lead tungstate (${\mathrm{PbWO}}_4$, or simply PWO) crystals for the C... |
2,121,713,847,376 | arxiv | \section{Methods}
\subsection{Second-harmonic measurements}
To probe the SHG signal arising from the mono-, and few-layer region of the MoS$_{2}$ flake investigated we excite the TMDC flake using a Ti:Sa oscillator that provides a pulse duration of $\sim \SI{120}{\femto\second}$, a repetition rate of $\sim \SI{80}{\m... |
2,121,713,847,377 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering or quantum steering, proposed by Schr\"odinger in 1935 \cite{schrodinger35}, refers to the phenomenon that Alice, sharing quantum correlations with Bob, can steer or manipulate Bob's states by performing measurements on her side. Although the ... |
2,121,713,847,378 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Models based on Transformers \citep{vaswani2017attention}, such as BERT \citep{devlin2018bert,liu2019roberta},
are wildly successful for a wide variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and consequently are mainstay of modern NLP research.
Their versatility and robustness are the prima... |
2,121,713,847,379 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To date, optimization problems are crucial in many applications, particularly the artificial intelligence.
An optimization problem is the task of finding the desired solution from the feasible solution space.
Optimization algorithms have been widely to search the desired solutions for the optimi... |
2,121,713,847,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental and important task to locate and classify named entities in a text sequence.
Recently, deep neural networks have achieved great performance on monolingual NER in rich-resource languages with abundant labeled data~\cite{DBLP:conf/acl/YeL18,DBLP:conf... |
2,121,713,847,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Flows of granular particles have been extensively studied due to the importance in powder
technology, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, geophysics, astrophysics, applied
mathematics and physics \cite{luding1,luding2,bri,gold}. The characteristic properties of
the granula... |
2,121,713,847,382 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-0.15cm}
Image denoising is a staple of the research on inverse problems, aiming to restore a clean image from a noisy observation, usually corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise. The key to the solution of this problem is to exploit prior knowledge about the struc... |
2,121,713,847,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
``Transversity" in hadron physics encompasses the entire range of spin, orbital angular momentum, and transverse momentum measures of hadron structure which are accessible by experiment.~\cite{Boer:2011fh,Lorce:2011zt,Barone:2010zz,Gamberg:2010xi,Anselmino:2011ay,Goldstein:2011af} As we have see... |
2,121,713,847,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classic auction theory assumes that the seller knows bidders' information structure and derives optimal (revenue-maximizing) mechanisms (e.g., \cite{myerson1981optimal}). However, optimal mechanisms vary with the model of bidders' information structure and substantially less is known about ... |
2,121,713,847,385 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A GEM-based Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is one of the two options for the central tracker of the PANDA \cite{Panda} experiment at the new Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt, Germany.
This facility will provide a cooled antiproton beam with momenta of 1.5-15 GeV/c, a ma... |
2,121,713,847,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Generation and protection of quantum correlation in various quantum systems is
one of the fundamental areas of interest in quantum communication and information theory \cite{Einstein,Schrodinger,Nielsen,Knill,Datta2005,Datta2005PRL,Henderson,bennett2000}.
In particular, make use o... |
2,121,713,847,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Partially saturated soils are mixtures of solid, liquid and gas domains. Unlike situations in fully saturated and fully dry soils, in partially saturated soils the interfaces between the domains take non-trivial shapes and suction develops. Many attempts have been made to thermodynamically consid... |
2,121,713,847,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The solvation of ions and other charged particles is of fundamental importance in chemical and biological processes,
often influencing the solvation, self-assembly, and chemistry of macromolecules and materials~\cite{Collins:2012,HofmeisterReview,England:2011rc,Canchi:2013nx,Dang_ChemRev_2006,Kni... |
2,121,713,847,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our current knowledge of the molecular content of galaxies at $z>0.4$
is currently limited to a fraction of the submillimetre bright objects
\citep{Solomon:2005,Greve:2005}, usually selected on the basis of
their strong infrared (IR) luminosity. The extent to which active
galactic nuclei (AGN) co... |
2,121,713,847,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neutrinoless double beta decay ($\beta\beta$0$\nu$) is a process beyond the
Standard Model which violates lepton number by 2 units. The discovery of
this decay would be experimental proof that the neutrino is a Majorana
particle. It would also constrain the mass spectrum and the absolute mass... |
2,121,713,847,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of fault-tolerance builds on the fact that information can be protected by introducing redudancy combined with suitable recovery procedures. A prime example is the classical repetition code encoding one logical bit into three physical bits according to
\begin{align}
0\mapsto 000\qquad... |
2,121,713,847,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Besides the trans-Neptunian region (also known as ``Kuiper belt'')
outside the orbit of Neptune and the ``main belt'' in between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the trojan-cloud around some planets
is another main reservoir of minor objects in the Solar system.
Thousands of Trojan asteroids ... |
2,121,713,847,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recommendation systems have been increasingly used by the industry, such as social media, e-commerce and digital streaming, to provide users with personalised content.
Traditional recommendations are typically developed using content-based filtering or collaborative filtering approaches~\cite{ram... |
2,121,713,847,394 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Self-generated motion is ubiquitous in nature; microorganisms and cells are required to move to execute vital
biological processes. The dynamical behaviours emerging at the microscopic scale from this non-equilibrium nature
are fascinating~\cite{ramaswamy2010mechanics}. Recently... |
2,121,713,847,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
The enterprise credit rating task attempts to predict the credit rating of a company by mining related data, which is critical to many financial applications, e.g., loan\cite{SME}, credit guarantee and venture investment\cite{investment}. In practice, this problem is very... |
2,121,713,847,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The group of \textit{Differential characters}, introduced by Cheeger and Simons \cite{Chee-S}, is a certain refinement of ordinary cohomology involving information of differential forms. From the beginning, differential characters enjoy numerous applications to geometry,... |
2,121,713,847,397 | arxiv |
\section{Convergence of the interpolants}
\label{App:Convergence}
In this appendix we discuss under which conditions our interpolants in Eqs.~(\ref{Eq:interpolant12}) and (\ref{Eq:interpolant3}) converge to the true $\PiPS$ as $N\to \infty$. To this end, we assume that $\PiPS$ is known exactly in the region below the ... |
2,121,713,847,398 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:intro}
Recently Markovian Loop measures have become an active field in probability theory with its origin going back to Symanzik \cite{Sym69}. Our focus in this work is Markovian loop measures on graphs with an additional ``time'' dimension leading to so-called space-time random walks a... |
2,121,713,847,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent The world of today is moving towards more personalized hardware and software, collecting sensitive information with multiple Personally Identifiable Information (PII) attributes, especially in domains like healthcare and Internet-of-Things (IoT). Often times, deep learning techniques ar... |
2,121,713,847,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Entropy-driven demixing was an active line of research since the 1990s.
Several works had shown the presence of
fluid-fluid (F-F) demixing
in binary mixtures
of hard anisotropic particles \cite{Roij,Wensink,Dubois,Varga,Schmidt1,Martinez-Raton3}.
The demixed phases can ... |
2,121,713,847,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase retrieval is a common problem that arises in numerous applications where only intensity measurements are available, such as astronomical imaging \cite{fienup1987phase}, microscopy \cite{mayo2003x}, X-ray crystallography \cite{millane1990phase,pinilla2018coded,pinilla2018crys}, and diffract... |
2,121,713,847,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The present contribution is intended to further explore and refine
our spin-glass way of looking at low-temperature anomalies in glasses
developed earlier \cite{Ku96,KuHo97}. The term `low-temperature anomalies'
(LTA) refers to a set of observations according to which a number of
thermodynamic ... |
2,121,713,847,403 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:01}
In modern Cosmology, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) plays a fundamental role describing the physics of our Universe, its structure and how it evolved in time.
Among many other remarkable experiments, the CMB anisotropies have been observed with the Wilkinson Microwave Ani... |
2,121,713,847,404 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec1}Introduction}
The inflationary paradigm \cite{Guth1981,Linde1982,Albrecht1982} gives an attractive explanation to resolve many of the puzzles (horizon, flatness and monopoles) of the standard cosmological model. It is generally considered that the inflation produced seeds which give rise to the lar... |
2,121,713,847,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{secintro}
The advances in power electronics technology bring new flexibility to power systems that facilitates system operation and control.
The flexibility can be classified into node-side flexibility (in the form of flexible power injections) and grid-side flexibility (in the form of fl... |
2,121,713,847,406 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To understand the nature of dark energy in quantum gravity, one can study de Sitter solutions of string theory.
Kachru, Kallosh, Linde, and Trivedi (KKLT) have argued that there exist de Sitter vacua in compactifications on Calabi-Yau (CY) orientifolds of type IIB string theory \cite{Kachru:2003a... |
2,121,713,847,407 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rapid growth of cloud computing, online social networks, Internet-of-things (IoT), and big data analytics have brought unprecedented volume of data to data centers \cite{Benson_10, Roy_15, Jeon_18} at an unprecedented speed. Load balancing, which balances the workload across servers in a dat... |
2,121,713,847,408 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the $W$ boson is helpful for understanding the electroweak interactions and for searching new physics beyond the standard model. With the LHC luminosity rising up to ${\cal L}\propto 10^{34}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ and running at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{S}=14$ TeV, large amount of ... |
2,121,713,847,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ever since the discovery of a quadratic contribution to the Zeeman effect by Jenkins and Segr\'e in
the 1930s \cite{zee1,zee2}, there have been numerous studies both experimental and theoretical of
higher-order Zeeman contributions in atoms, molecules, and singly charged ions in laboratory magnet... |
2,121,713,847,410 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Spin filtering was originally proposed by P.~L.~Csonka in 1968 \cite{Csonka:1968} and was demonstrated experimentally for polarized protons in 1993 by the FILTEX experiment at the Test Storage Ring in Heidelberg \cite{Rathmann:1993xf}. The spin filtering method is at th... |
2,121,713,847,411 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
Extensive experimental studies of high-T$_C$ materials have been able to
determine a phase-diagram for hole and electron doped members
of the cuprates. Undoped materials are anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) insulators, where every second
Cu along [1,0,0] has opposite spin. Superconductivity
on the hole ... |
2,121,713,847,412 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The standard model (SM) of the strong and electroweak interactions provides a
successful description of all the phenomena involving the known elementary
particles. However, experimental results involving fermions of the third
generation are far less precise than for the first two generations.
{... |
2,121,713,847,413 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The central questions in high-mass star formation research focus on
the fragmentation properties of the initial gas clumps that ultimately
result in the final clusters, and the disk formation and accretion
processes around the most massive young stars within these
clusters. Further... |
2,121,713,847,414 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of tensors has become intensive in recent years, e.g.,~\cite{tensorreview,LandsbergBook2012,de2000best,kofidis2002best,koldamayo11siam,koldamayo14arxiv}. Symmetric tensors arise naturally in various engineering problems. They are especially important in the problem of ... |
2,121,713,847,415 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of the results}
The classification of groups of automorphisms of compact Riemann surfaces is a stimulating subject of study, and has attracted considerable interest since the nineteenth century.
Let $S$ be a compact Riemann surface of genus $g \geqslant 2.$ It is well-known that t... |
2,121,713,847,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of results} \label{sec:intro}
\noindent The theory of moonshine began with the single distinguished example of \emph{monstrous moonshine}. McKay and Thompson \cite{ ThoFinite, Tho} observed that the Fourier coefficients of the \emph{normalized elliptic modular invariant}
\begin{equ... |
2,121,713,847,417 | arxiv |
\section{Experimental Setup}
\label{sec:experiments}
\subsection{Baselines}
\label{ssec:baselines}
As baselines, we use a Wiener filtering pipeline with a priori noise SNR estimation (as implemented in~\cite{HuLoizou2006}), and two recent state-of-the-art methods that use deep networks to perform end-to-end denoisin... |
2,121,713,847,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Timing the formation and quenching of the most massive (M$_{\star}>$10$^{11}M_{\odot}$) passively evolving galaxies (PEGs) is subject of intense debate. Several studies kept unveiling their existence at progressively increasing lookback times, placing their formation at z$>$3-4~... |
2,121,713,847,419 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
HD 189733 is a nearby K0V star with a magnitude of K = 5.5 and an
expected flux of 250 mJy at 10 microns. HD 189733b was initially
discovered in the ELODIE search for transiting exoplanets
\citep{bouchy2005} and subsequently detected in existing Hipparcos
data \citep{hebrard2006}. In addition t... |
2,121,713,847,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the Standard Model (SM), $CP$ violation arises from the
Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) phase in the weak interaction quark-mixing
matrix. The SM predicts $CP$ asymmetries in the time-dependent rates
for $B^0$ and $\bar B^0$ decays to a common $CP$ eigenstate $f_{CP}$.
Recent measurements of the $CP$... |
2,121,713,847,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Driven diffusive systems encompass a broad class of statistical
physics models involving many interacting particles moving
stochastically under dynamics that do not respect detailed
balance~\cite{SZ,Mukamel00}. As such, the stationary states attained
in these systems are {\em nonequili... |
2,121,713,847,422 | arxiv |
\section{Related Work}\label{sec:related}
Various adaptive methods have been proposed and broadly applied in deep learning \cite{adam,adagrad,Tieleman2012rmsprop,adadelta}.
\cite{reddi2019amsgrad} proposed to compute the adaptive learning rate with the coordinate-wise maximum value of $v_t$ so that the adaptive lear... |
2,121,713,847,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
A typical working scenario in modern astrophysics is that in which astronomers make queries to
databases with contents of very different nature (scientific publications, observational data, physical
parameters,...), and the result of these queries is downloaded through high-capa... |
2,121,713,847,424 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sez1}
Entanglement and discord describe remarkable features of quantum
systems. Indeed, they are closely related to the amount of quantum
correlations contained in the system, coming either from non-separability
or the impossibility of local discrimination \cite{rev12}.
Beyond their ... |
2,121,713,847,425 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a finite dimensional smooth manifold and $C$ an involutive
distribution on it. In view of Fr\"{o}benius theorem the datum of $C$ is
equivalent to the datum of a foliation of $M$. The pair $(M,C)$ is a finite
dimensional instance of a \emph{diffiety }(or a $D$\emph{-scheme}, in the
al... |
2,121,713,847,426 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stellar haloes of galaxies are laboratories to test the process of galaxy formation and evolution.
Under the current paradigm of hierarchical assembly in a Cold Dark Matter (CDM) cosmology it is believed that a galaxy, specifically its halo,
grows continuously through the in-fall of smaller gal... |
2,121,713,847,427 | arxiv | \chapter{Microchip-based trapped-atom clocks}
\label{Vuletic:chap}
\chapterauthor{Vladan Vuleti\'{c}}
\chapterauthor{Ian D. Leroux}
\chapterauthor{Monika H. Schleier-Smith}
\section{Basic principles}
\label{Vuletic:sec:ClockBasics}
A two-level quantum system in vacuum---in the absence of any perturbing fields---const... |
2,121,713,847,428 | arxiv |
\subsection{Exponential Enhancement by Amplitude Estimation Algorithm}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\begin{quantikz}
\lstick[wires=5]{$\ket{0}^{\otimes m}$} & \ifthenelse{\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn>1}{\arrow[arrows]{l}}{} & \gate[wires=5,nwires=3]{QFT^{-1}} & \gate[wires=5,nwires=3]{V_{2^m\theta^{(\xi)}_0}} & \i... |
2,121,713,847,429 | arxiv | \section{Sample for first level head}\label{sec1}
xLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.\cite{Hirt1974} Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae,
felis. Curabitur dictum gravida mauris. Nam arcu libero, nonummy eget, consectetuer id, vulputate a, magna. Donec
vehicula augue eu ne... |
2,121,713,847,430 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
According to GHO Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lung cancer disease and lower respiratory infections have remained the top killers during the past decade. They cause increasing numbers of deaths worldwide.
For example, Lung cancer is the fourth most common cancer in france according to ... |
2,121,713,847,431 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{motivation}
\caption{The diagram of our motivation and PSGAN comparison. The spatial mapping of the same color points between the target image and the reference image is the semantic correspondence expected to be established in... |
2,121,713,847,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cobalt oxide systems have attracted considerable attention because of their interesting magnetic and transport properties. One system of particular note is Na$_x$CoO$_2$. This material displays a diverse range of characteristics including spin-entropy enhanced thermopower~\cite{wang}, charge and ... |
2,121,713,847,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Harada-Lang [4], we associated to each irreducible character $\chi$
of the monster simple group $ \Bbb M$ a modular function $t_{\chi}(z)$,
called in [4], the McKay-Thompson series for $\chi$.
$t_{\chi}(z)$ is a weighted average of all McKay-Thompson series
$t_g(z)$ for the element $g$ of... |
2,121,713,847,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Biological membranes are ubiquitous in the living world. Despite their diversity in composition, membranes of different cells or organelles are remarkably similar in structure and exhibit similar thermodynamic properties. They exist as thin, almost two-dimensional lipid bilayers whose primary fun... |
2,121,713,847,435 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
The classical Whitney theorem establishes the equivalence between the modulus of
smoothness $\omega_r(f,|I|)_{p,I}$ and the error of best approximation $E_r(f)_{p,I}$ of
a function $f:I \to \mathbb{R}$ by algebraic polynomials of degree at most $r-1$ measured in
$L_p$, $1\... |
2,121,713,847,436 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When two or more oscillatory processes are coupled, there exists
the possibility of their becoming synchronized. Where their
autonomous frequencies are different but close, synchronization is
understood as the adjustment of those frequencies as a result of
coupling. Even when such systems operat... |
2,121,713,847,437 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we propose two learning frameworks (SNQN and SA2C) to explore the usage of RL under recommendation settings. SNQN combines supervised learning and RL with the shared base model and introduces negative sampling into the RL training procedure. The explicitly introduced negative compar... |
2,121,713,847,438 | arxiv |
\chapter{Introduction}
\label{chap:intro}
Due to the technological achievements in the field of \gls{ml}, many tasks related to predictive decision-making are increasingly supported by \gls{ml} models \citep{kraus_deep_2020, janiesch_machine_2021}. Prominent examples can be found in business process monitoring \citep... |
2,121,713,847,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Stellar seismology, also known as \emph{asteroseismology}, provides us
with a unique tool for probing the interiors of stars, allowing us to
study fundamental problems in stellar evolution such as energy
transport, thermodynamics, and magnetism. White dwarfs, the
evolutionary en... |
2,121,713,847,440 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The shallow water equations play a distinguished role amongst models in geophysical fluid mechanics.
They are used both as a starting model for constructing novel numerical schemes
that should eventually be implemented for the full set
of three-dimensional hydro-thermodynamical equations gove... |
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