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2,121,713,847,141 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The ever increasing need for better tracking data and scientific return in deep
space missions calls for the development of new frequency references of improved
stability. The ground station of the European Space Agency (ESA) are currently
equipped with hydrogen masers (HM) which are the most st... |
2,121,713,847,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A weighing matrix of order $n$ and weight $p$, denoted $W(n,p)$, is a $(0,\pm 1)-$matrix of order
$n$ such that $WW^T =pI_n$. For $n = p$, the matrix is a {\it Hadamard matrix}.
The natural extension of Hadamard matrices
to the unit Hadamard matrices, i.e., the Hadamard matrices whose entrie... |
2,121,713,847,143 | arxiv |
\section*{Introduction}
Convex polytopes which arise from combinatorial structures
form a rich area of study with an increasing number of applications.
Associahedra, cyclohedra, and permutahedra are
some of the classic examples \cite{bott94, simion03, ziegler95}, while more recent cases
in... |
2,121,713,847,144 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Since the introduction of the concept of physical-layer network coding (PNC) \cite{PNC06, PopICC06} in 2006, it has developed into a subfield of network coding with a wide following \cite{PNCSurvey12, NazerSurvey11}.... |
2,121,713,847,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study the dynamics of two different incompressible fluids with the same viscosity in a bounded porous medium. This is known as the confined Muskat problem. For this problem we show that there are global in time Lipschitz continuous solutions corresponding to initial data that fu... |
2,121,713,847,146 | arxiv | \section{Algebraic approach to quantum theory}
Quantum mechanics can be formulated in terms of an algebra of observables.
The starting point of this formulation is a unital associative algebra $\cal A$ over ${\mathbb C}$ (the algebra of observables).
One assumes that this algebra is equipped with antilinear involuti... |
2,121,713,847,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Constraining the parameters that characterize the equation of state
(EOS) of asymmetric nuclear matter from empirical data for laboratory
nuclei is one of the possible approaches to the EOS. However,
the EOS parameters are still uncertain partly because
a significant fraction of nucleo... |
2,121,713,847,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concordance model of modern cosmology rests soundly on two cornerstones, a universe filled mostly with cold dark matter and dark energy (described
by a cosmological constant), ie $\Lambda$CDM, with underlying dynamics characterised by Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR). While thi... |
2,121,713,847,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers high resolution non-invasive imaging of tissues and other semi-transparent materials \cite{Huang1991,Fujimoto2000,Tomlins2005,Liu2017}. Through the reflection interference between a reference and sample arm, the structure of scatterers along depth are en... |
2,121,713,847,150 | arxiv | |
2,121,713,847,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Telugu is morphologically rich and follows different grammatical structures compared to western languages such as English and Spanish. However, to maintain compatibility, the western ideology of rules are adopted in current approaches. Thus, many ideas and significant information o... |
2,121,713,847,152 | arxiv | \section*{Content}
\begin{enumerate}
\item[Section 1.] Introduction \vspace{2mm}
\item[Section 2.] Preliminaries \vspace{2mm}
\item[Section 3.] Estimates for the resolvent
of $L_{bc} $ and localization of spectra \vspace{2mm}
\item[Section 4.] Equiconvergence \vspace{2mm}
\item[Section 5.] Point-wise converge... |
2,121,713,847,153 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The measurement of strange and resonance particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is of great interest to investigate the properties of hadronic matter under extreme conditions. The enhanced production of strange and multi-strange hadrons with respect to non-stran... |
2,121,713,847,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Predicting consumer preferences for future design concepts is a fundamental
task for product design enterprises \cite{krishnan2001product}. For
example, consumer preferences drove ``crossover vehicles'' to overtake
the previously dominant SUV segment within just years o... |
2,121,713,847,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and motivation}
\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{7.cm}
\vspace{-0.8cm}
\includegraphics[scale=0.38]{phase_diagram_cp1_cp2_hep09_na61.eps}
\vspace{-0.9cm}
\caption[]{Chemical freeze-out points in NA49 (red) and those
expected in NA61 (violet). $CP_{1}$ and $CP_{2}$ were considered in
NA49 as possible locati... |
2,121,713,847,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum anomalies lead to a large variety of unusual transport phenomena such as the chiral magnetic effect~\cite{Fukushima:2008xe}, the chiral vortical effect~\cite{Son:2004tq} and their generalizations~\cite{Landsteiner:2012kd}. The anomalies generate vector and axial currents of chiral fermio... |
2,121,713,847,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{intro}}
Cosmic ray propagation is one of the most important and interesting
subjects in astrophysics and
high energy particle physics. It is believed that the observed
cosmic ray data such as the cosmic ray energy spectrum
includes information about the space through which the cosmic
rays ... |
2,121,713,847,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) are characterized by the lack of H--lines and the presence of Si II--lines in their optical spectra during the maximum of light as well as by the presence of Fe emission features during the nebular phase. Their optical light curve displays a sudden rise to the maximum f... |
2,121,713,847,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tunneling is one of the most exotic phenomenon in quantum mechanics
and the study of tunneling times with its different controversial
definitions is equally so. In an attempt to find out how long a
particle needs to traverse a potential barrier, physicists gave rise
to several definitions suc... |
2,121,713,847,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For quite some time, there has been great interest in the various variational problems which arise in physical field theories, in particular those that yield topological soliton solutions \cite{MantonSutcliffe2004}. Examples of these are the Yang-Mills, Yang-Mills-Higgs, and Skyrme theories, whos... |
2,121,713,847,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All groups and linear spaces in this paper are assumed to be finite. Let $G$ be a non-regular primitive group. We say that $G$ is \textit{extremely primitive} if a point stabiliser $G_\alpha$ acts primitively on each of its nontrivial orbits. Some examples of extremely primitive groups include $... |
2,121,713,847,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Massive \abb{MIMO} is an emerging technology to handle the growing demand for wireless data traffic in the next generation cellular networks \cite{Andrews2014a}. A Massive \abb{MIMO} \abb{BS} is equipped with hundreds of antennas to spatially multiplex a large number of users on the same tim... |
2,121,713,847,163 | arxiv |
\section*{Supplementary material}
\subsection*{Proof of Theorem 1}
\begin{proof}
The results for $H_{0,\text{D}}$, $H_{0,\text{C}}$, $H_{0,\text{L}}$ are well known in probability theory and derives from Jensen inequality properties. For $H_{0,\text{C1}}$, see that
\begin{align*}
&\textup{KL}_{\mathbf{X}|Y}=0 \L... |
2,121,713,847,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
Derivations of standard plasma kinetic equations confront either infrared divergences (Boltzmann equation)~\cite{grad:58,harr:71,ferz:72}, ultraviolet divergences (Lenard-Balescu equation)~\cite{lena:60,bale:60,guer:60}, or both (Landau equation)~\cite{land:36}.
These divergen... |
2,121,713,847,165 | arxiv |
\section{Amortized \texorpdfstring{$O(1)$}{O(1)} QPS Computation}\label{subsubsec: constant-time-qps}
As mentioned in Section~\ref{subsec: r-qps-serena},
we can perform a batch of $O(N)$ QPS computations in $O(N^2)$ time.
In this section, we describe in details this batched QPS computation. Similar to (the standa... |
2,121,713,847,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and foundations}
\subsection{Introduction}
The research of this work has its origins in the investigation of polynomial interpolation schemes for data given on two-dimensional Lissajous curves
\cite{BosDeMarchiVianelloXu2006,Erb2015,ErbKaethnerAhlborgBuzug2015,ErbKaethnerDenckerAhlborg2015}.
I... |
2,121,713,847,167 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\paragraph{Median filter.}
We study the following problem, commonly known as the \emph{median filter}, \emph{sliding window median}, \emph{moving median}, \emph{running median}, \emph{rolling median}, or \emph{median smoothing}:
\begin{itemize}[noitemsep]
\item \textbf{I... |
2,121,713,847,168 | arxiv |
\section{Temporal ILP Comparison}
\label{apx:neurallp}
\paragraph{Neural LP} In typical ILP problems, such as Neural LP \citep{NeuralLP}, the rules are induced over a static knowledge base. This involves learning the walks along the static graph $\mathcal{G}_{\text{S}} = (\mathcal{E}_{\text{S}}, \mathcal{R}_{\text{S... |
2,121,713,847,169 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After the discovery of the Microwave Background Radiation (MBR), that
fills the universe as a sea of photons, with a mean temperature of
2.7 K at present epoch, Greisen \cite{greisen66} and Zatsepin and
Kuz'min \cite{zapsepin66} independently pointed out that the MBR would
make the universe ... |
2,121,713,847,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pure gauge Yang-Mills theories, defined on a space-time with
one or more compactified directions and periodic boundary
conditions, are invariant under center symmetry transformations.
A center symmetry transformation consists of a gauge
transformation which respects the periodicity but for a gl... |
2,121,713,847,171 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental material}
\begin{center}
{\bf Shear-induced structures versus flow instabilities}
\end{center}
\subsection*{ }
Sup. Movies 1, 2 and 3 corresponding respectively to Fig.~2(a-b), Fig.~3(a-b) and Fig.~3(c-d) of the paper are available on request from the corresponding author. See the captions of th... |
2,121,713,847,172 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\lm$ be a partition and denote by $f^\lm$ the number of
standard Young tableaux (SYT) of shape $\lm$.
Let $H(k,\ell;n)$ denote the partitions of $n$ in
the $(k,\ell)$ hook, namely
$H(k,\ell;n)=\{\lm=(\lm_1,\lm_2,\ldots)\mid \lm\vdash
n~\mbox{and}~ \lm_{k+1}\le \ell\}$. In~\cite[Secti... |
2,121,713,847,173 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
In a previous study \cite{mmr}, we established the theoretical background needed for the comparison of the output of measurement systems used in capturing data for the analysis of human motion. We developed our methodology for a
direct application in case of the two v... |
2,121,713,847,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recent mobile devices are increasingly capable of running artificial intelligence (AI) based applications~\cite{ai_benchmark}. However, due to the limitations on battery and processing power of these devices, the most sophisticated AI models, built around large, deep neural netw... |
2,121,713,847,175 | arxiv | |
2,121,713,847,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-3mm}
Bridge simulation techniques are known to play a fundamental role in statistical inference for diffusion processes. Diffusion bridges in manifolds have mainly been used to provide gradient and hessian estimates. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to describe a ... |
2,121,713,847,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Controlling the emission properties of quantum systems is at the heart of a number of fields ranging from quantum information processing to single-molecule spectroscopy. In solid-state cavity QED a substantial amount of experimental effort aims at designing highly structured photonic environments... |
2,121,713,847,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\usepackage{dcolumn}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath,bm,graphicx,multirow,mathtools}
\usepackage{color}
\def\begin{equation}{\begin{equation}}
\def\end{equation}{\end{equation}}
\def\begin{eqnarray}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\def\end{eqnarray}{\end{eqnarray}}
\def\begin{align}{\begin{a... |
2,121,713,847,179 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the early 1970's, in the course of observations of rapid
variability of the optical spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy
NGC~4151, the time lag of variations in the H$\alpha$ line
with respect to variations in the optical continuum was
discovered \citep{lyutyi71, cherepashchuk73}. The time lag was
... |
2,121,713,847,180 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $p$ be a probability density on $\mathbb{R}_{+}$, then the integral%
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}(z):=\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-zx}p(x)\,dx,\text{ \ \ }\operatorname{Re}%
z>0, \label{LT}%
\end{equation}
exists and is called the Laplace transform of $p.$ The Laplace transform is a
popular tool for... |
2,121,713,847,181 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quest for the direct detection of dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) \cite{Irastorza}, the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) \cite{Avignone} or other experiments involving very low rate processes (the so-called Rare Event se... |
2,121,713,847,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The idea of using infinitesimals in geometry and analysis, even from
its birth, was on the one hand very intuitive and computable, and
hence led to great development of mathematics and physics, and on
the other hand very controversial for its rigor. It was A.-L. Cauchy
who made the definition of... |
2,121,713,847,183 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Under the hypothesis that new physics with strong interactions exists beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, it is possible that a new state with broad width lies at the TeV scale.
Searching for such broad resonances at the LHC is somewhat challenging since the a... |
2,121,713,847,184 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
While often associated to \ac{A/D} conversion, ΔΣ modulators are in fact coders
that enjoy a wide range of applications. Generally speaking, they exploit a
nonlinear feedback architecture (Fig.~\ref{fig:ds-block}) to translate an
analog or high-resolution digital input into a lo... |
2,121,713,847,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Placement remains dominant on the overall quality
of physical design automation~\cite{procha,miao_iccad13}.
Based on logic synthesis~\cite{miao_iccad14},
back-end design on
timing~\cite{shifter_icccas13},
power~\cite{zhang_slip14,wv_sim},
routability~\cite{cpre_todaes09,gr_... |
2,121,713,847,186 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1973, mathematician J.\ Keller \cite{kel} proposed a model for
predicting World Record (WR) race times based on a simple least--square
fit of the records of the day. The fit was quite good, and provided
a simple tool for gauging possible optimual performances in races, based
on results fro... |
2,121,713,847,187 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The understanding of the de-channeling process in bent single crystals is of utmost importance, not only for particle steering in high energy physics but also for the construction of compact radiation sources in the MeV range and beyond, for an overview see e.g. Korol et al. \cite{K... |
2,121,713,847,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Theoretical physics is living nowadays a moment of great excitement and at the same time great anxiety before the possibility by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to reveal the mysteries that make the day-by-day of theoretical physicists. One of these possibilities is that, at the collider en... |
2,121,713,847,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Solar flares are powerful explosive events observed in the solar atmosphere that often occur in association with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). During flares, a vast amount of magnetic energy is released, converted into particle acceleration, kinetic energy of mass ejectio... |
2,121,713,847,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inspection of statistical properties of multivariate series has become a topic of increasing importance in econophysics. For this purpose, various estimators of power-laws in cross-correlations of a pair of series have been proposed \citep{Podobnik2008,Zhou2008,Kristoufek2011,He2011a,Wang2012}. ... |
2,121,713,847,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
What are the consequences of breaking a Schr\"odinger wave? In a seminal paper \cite{mosh}, Moshinsky studied the evolution problem of a quantum-mechanical wave blocked by a shutter and identified his results with Fresnel diffraction. Since then, the so-called 'diffraction in time' has been wid... |
2,121,713,847,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The use of word embeddings as a form of lexical representation has transformed the use of natural language processing for many applications such as machine translation \cite{qi2018and} and language understanding \cite{peters2018deep}.
The changing of word meaning over the course of time and spa... |
2,121,713,847,193 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation}
\input{tex/intro.tex}
\section{Hybrid Memory Cube}
\input{tex/hmc.tex}
\section{Experimental Setup}
\input{tex/meth.tex}
\section{Experimental Results}
\input{tex/results_mapping_BW.tex}
\input{tex/results_th_pw.tex}
\input{tex/results_close_page.tex}
\input{tex/results_lat1.tex... |
2,121,713,847,194 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Weak gravitational lensing by the large-scale structure, also referred to as \lq{}cosmic shear\rq{}, creates correlations in the observed ellipticities of distant galaxies.
Measuring these correlations provides valuable information about our Universe's matter distrib... |
2,121,713,847,195 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
2,121,713,847,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the popularization of music streaming services, music playlists have become essential resources in helping music discovery from huge collections of music \cite{dias2017}. Because of the expected difficulty of browsing a large number of music playlists, a music playlist title that depicts the... |
2,121,713,847,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction}
\LARGE{A }\normalsize considerable amount of attention in the recent literature has been devoted to studying the relation between stellar mass ($M_{*}$), star formation rate (SFR) and gas-phase metallicity ($Z_{\textnormal{g}}$) in galaxies. The $M_{*}$-SFR-$Z_{\textnorm... |
2,121,713,847,198 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Massive stars have a strong influence on the surrounding
interstellar space via their stellar winds and ultraviolet
radiation. Moreover, they end their lives in catastrophic
supernova (SN) explosions, thus providing more energetic
impact on the interstellar medium.
Wd2 is a rich star cluster... |
2,121,713,847,199 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The electromagnetic (EM) structure of the nucleon has been one of the
most important issues well over decades since Hofstadter's
experiments~\cite{Hofstadter:1956qs} (see a recent
review~\cite{Punjabi:2015bba} and references therein). The EM form
factors of the nucleon, which can be measured by e... |
2,121,713,847,200 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spectroscopic galaxy surveys yield three-dimensional distributions of galaxies in redshift space, which enable us to constrain the cosmological models through the measurement of, e.g., baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and redshift space distortion \cite{eBOSS:2020}.
On-going and near-future spec... |
2,121,713,847,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In order to tailor the band structure, the Fermi level, and the density of states of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nitrogen as electron donor was used to dope the pristine CNTs \cite{Gerber09PRB,Ayala10RoMP}. The N-doping changes the electronic properties of the CNTs, including the density of mobi... |
2,121,713,847,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Primordial gravitational waves (GWs) are one of the most important
probe of the very early Universe and a lot of efforts have been made
for this subject both in theoretical and observational aspects. In
particular, the recent result of B-mode polarization in cosmic
microwave background (CMB) fr... |
2,121,713,847,203 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
With the increasing popularity of web applications and software systems distributed on top of the web, it is crucial to improve their performance and scalability due to a large number of users. When traditional caching solutions are unable to meet performance requirements, \emph{application-le... |
2,121,713,847,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We have recently watched a renewed interest in scale invariant gravitational theories since scale symmetries are
expected to play a dominant role at high energies \cite{Shaposhnikov}-\cite{Oda-Higgs}. For instance, let us consider the era of
Big Bang which is in very high energies. At the B... |
2,121,713,847,205 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the seminal work \textit{Can one hear the shape of a drum?}~\cite{Kac1966} Mark Kack discusses the relationship between a membrane and the set of eigenvalues (spectrum) of the Laplacian operator. However, this relationship was identified to be not unique~\cite{RevModPhysShapeDrum2010}, in th... |
2,121,713,847,206 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SecIntro}
We present a detailed analysis of the regularity and decay properties of linear scalar waves near the Cauchy horizon of cosmological black hole spacetimes. Concretely, we study charged and non-rotating (Reissner--Nordstr\"om--de Sitter) as well as uncharged and rotating (Kerr--d... |
2,121,713,847,207 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Prompt-based learning has emerged as an effective method to adapt pretrained language models (LMs) for downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. A typical prompt-learning paradigm involves appending a specially-designed sequence, called a prompt, to the input to a pre-trained LM, whic... |
2,121,713,847,208 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Astronomical and cosmological observations reveal that the vast majority of the matter and energy content of our universe is invisible -- or dark -- and interacts neither strongly nor electromagnetically with ordinary matter. Results from the Planck satellite~\cite{Ade:2013zuv} show that about 6... |
2,121,713,847,209 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:int}
Support vector machine~(SVM), invented by Vapnik~\cite{Vapnik98}, is a very popular machine learning algorithm. Due to the adoption structural risk minimization principle, SVM is capable of handling excellently with many classification and regression problems, such as machine fault... |
2,121,713,847,210 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec: Introduction}
In many speech communication scenarios, head-mounted assistive listening devices such as binaural hearing aids capture not only the target speaker, but also ambient noise, resulting in a degradation of speech quality and speech intelligibility.
Hence, several binaural no... |
2,121,713,847,211 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The modern point of view on space--times in General Relativity is intrinsic:
a space--time is an abstract manifold with a Lorentzian metric, and neither
the topological structure nor the curvature properties invoke a notion of an
ambient space. On the other hand an intuitive, visual representati... |
2,121,713,847,212 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
The increasing penetration of power generation from distributed energy resources (DERs), including wind and photo-voltaic (PV) plants, sometimes of the order of only a few kilowatts, are deeply affecting the conventional operation and architecture of traditional power syst... |
2,121,713,847,213 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{sections/intro.tex}
\section{Dataset Construction}
\input{sections/data.tex}
\section{Experiments}
\input{sections/exp.tex}
\section{Conclusion}
\input{sections/conclusion.tex}
\section*{Acknowledgement}
This research is partially based upon work supported in part by the Office of the Dir... |
2,121,713,847,214 | arxiv |
\subsection{A Bayesian take on cryo-EM}
Before we show these bounds, let us begin by a preliminary remark regarding the model that we are trying to fit. In our formulation in the main text, the parameters $\theta$ are considered as unknown, fixed values. Alternatively, one could also try and incorporate the uncerta... |
2,121,713,847,215 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neutron stars are very accurate natural clocks spinning at a regular period. However, it is also known that their spinning rate sometimes suddenly increases and then relaxes to that before the spin-up. This phenomenon is called “glitch”, which is a long-standing problem of neutron star physics. A... |
2,121,713,847,216 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In the \abbrev{MSSM}\ (the minimal supersymmetric (\abbrev{SUSY}) extension of the
Standard Model (\abbrev{SM})), the mass of the lightest \abbrev{CP}-even Higgs boson is
predicted to be of the order of the electroweak scale. More precisely,
at the tree-level, the Higgs boson mass is restrict... |
2,121,713,847,217 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Due to the strong interactions among the spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom, the transition metal oxides with spinel structure, $AB_2$O$_4$, present complicated magnetic and structural phase transitions and have attracted extensive attention in past years.\cite{SHLee1, Bramwell, Ramir... |
2,121,713,847,218 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries.}
In these notes we consider mathematical aspects
of the functional mechanics proposed and developed
by I.~V. Volovich in his papers \cite{IVV1}--\cite{IVV5}.
We treat only formal analytical problems, in particular,
we assume that all functions are sufficiently
smooth and all integrals are... |
2,121,713,847,219 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entropy as a concept was defined in historical order by Clausius, Boltzmann, Gibbs, von Neumann, and Shannon. Conceptually, it would have been clearer if the order were reversed. The Shannon information-theoretic definition is the most fundamental, which can then be applied to physical quantum s... |
2,121,713,847,220 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\def\Subsection#1{\subsection{#1}}
\def\Subsubsection#1{\subsubsection{#1}}
\def\EqRef#1{(\ref{#1})}
\def\Hide#1{\relax}
\def\Comment#1{\par\noindent{\bf Comment:} {\it #1}}
\def\ANote#1{\par\noindent{\bf Author's note:} {\em #1 }}
\DeclareSymbolFont{AMSb}{U}{msb}{m}{n}
\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathb... |
2,121,713,847,221 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Question-and-answer (Q\&A) websites (e.g., Stack Exchange\footnote{\url{http://www.stackexchange.com}} or Quora\footnote{\url{http://www.quora.com}}) are publicly accessible platforms, which are used by millions of users to discuss a variety of topics and problems. For example, the StackOverflow\... |
2,121,713,847,222 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The open cluster Westerlund\,2 (Westerlund \cite{Westerlund}) lies in a blowout region of the giant H\,{\sc ii} complex RCW\,49 (Rodgers et al.\ \cite{RCW}). The stellar winds and ionizing radiation of the early-type stars in Westerlund\,2 have evacuated the dust in the central part of RCW\,49 an... |
2,121,713,847,223 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Various observations of the cosmic microwave
background radiation (CMBR) have led to the claim that it is anisotropic
(see reviews Readhead \& Lawrence 1992; White, Scott \& Silk 1994).
Measurement of these anisotropies
provides information on structural formation,
inflation, quantum gravity, to... |
2,121,713,847,224 | arxiv | \section{}
Carbon based materials of nano-size in the form of carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) are known for several years and attracted much
attention of researchers because of their unusual electronic
properties \cite{Iij,Dre,Sai}. Recently, progress in the
fabrication of other graphene-based lower dimensional structures
has... |
2,121,713,847,225 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Blockchain systems have substantially evolved from their beginnings as tamper-evident append-only logs. With the addition of \emph{smart contracts}, complex computations based on the blockchain's state become possible. In fact, several permissionless and permissioned systems such as Ethereum~\ci... |
2,121,713,847,226 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $^{15}$N(p,$\gamma$)$^{16}$O reaction ($Q$-value $Q$ = 12.127\,MeV) links the CN cycle \cite{Bethe39-PR_letter,Weizsaecker38-PZ} to the CNO bi-cycle and all further CNO cycles \cite{Iliadis07}.
The $^{15}$N(p,$\gamma$)$^{16}$O cross section $\sigma(E)$ ($E$ denotes the center of mass energy... |
2,121,713,847,227 | arxiv | \section{The bridge over time} \label{sec:bridgeovertime}
\begin{quote}
\textit{
``It appears that we desire a world in which interoperable altchains can be easily created and used, but without unnecessarily fragmenting markets and development.''}~\cite{blockstream}
--Blockstream, 2014
\end{quote}
Since the early da... |
2,121,713,847,228 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently the authors \cite{LHT} introduced lecture hall tableaux in their study of multivariate little $q$-Jacobi polynomials $P_\lambda(x;a,b;q)$ with $t=q$.
They showed that if we expand the Schur function $s_\lambda(x)$ in terms of $P_\mu(x;a,b;q)$
and vice versa as
\[
s_\lambda(x) =... |
2,121,713,847,229 | arxiv | \subsection{Experimental determination of solid-liquid interface}
\label{sec_expint}
In the quasi-2D geometry the solid phase consists of two square interlaced layers instead of the single hexagonal layer that is characteristic of 2D systems \cite{urbach}. These interlaced square lattices, when projected in 2D, result... |
2,121,713,847,230 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Organizations are constantly looking for ways to improve their decision-making processes in core areas, such as marketing, firm communication, production and procurement \citep{Turban.2011}. While the classical approach relies on having humans devise simple decision-making rules, modern decision... |
2,121,713,847,231 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Deep neural networks have become a powerful tool which is applied in different fields such as computer vision~\cite{Voulodimos2018DeepLF,Rawat2017DeepCN}, machine translation~\cite{Bahdanau2015NeuralMT,Wu2016GooglesNM}, speech recognition~\cite{nassif2019speech,Hannun2014DeepSS}... |
2,121,713,847,232 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Motion planning is a crucial part of robot control. Efficiently planning in higher dimensional environments with dynamic obstacles remains an open problem \cite{MP Review}. Motion planning requires a robot to find a sequence of collision-free states from a start state to a goal state in the works... |
2,121,713,847,233 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semantic segmentation is an important step towards understanding and inferring different objects and their arrangements observed in a scene. This has wide array of applications ranging from estimating scene geometry, inferring support-relationships among objects to autonomous vehicle driving. Ear... |
2,121,713,847,234 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Bernoulli Numbers}
Bernoulli numbers $B_n$ were discovered by Jakob Bernoulli
(1654-1705) \cite{bernoulli}. They are defined \cite{bateman}
\cite{abramowitz} as
\begin{equation} \frac{z}{e^z-1} \,=\, \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{B_n}{n!} z^n\;,
\quad |z| < 2\pi\;, \;\; n = 1,2,3,\dots \in \mbox{\mbox... |
2,121,713,847,235 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Low bit-rate speech coding, which encodes speech signals at the bit rate below 4800 bit/s, has widespread applications in the field of both satellite and secure communications. Many successful low bit-rate speech coding algorithms have been proposed in the literatures, such ... |
2,121,713,847,236 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We denote by $M_n(F)$ the algebra of all $n\times n$ matrices over an algebraically closed field $F$ and by $\mathcal{N}$
the variety of all nilpotent matrices in $M_n(F)$.
Let $B\in \mathcal{N}$ be a nilpotent matrix and suppose that its Jordan canonical form is determined by a partition
$\lam... |
2,121,713,847,237 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
A number of random walk methods are known to have fast mixing rates in convex spaces. We are interested in sampling from a bounded connected space $\Omega'\subset\Real^n$ that might be non-convex. Such sampling methods can be useful in solving general optimization and planning problems. Recentl... |
2,121,713,847,238 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on surfaces or manifolds in general has many important applications arising from problems in science and engineering. Examples include diffusion process simulation on interfaces in multiphase problems in fluids and materials, three dimensional geometr... |
2,121,713,847,239 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}\setcounter{equation}{0}
Nonconventional ergodic theorems which attracted substantial attention
in ergodic theory (see, for instance, \cite{Be}, \cite{Fu} and \cite{As})
studied the limits
of expressions having the form
$1/N\sum_{n=1}^NT^{q_1(n)}f_1\cdots
T^{q_\ell (n)}f_\ell... |
2,121,713,847,240 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Transiting extrasolar planets (TEPs) provide unique opportunities to
study the properties of planetary objects outside of the Solar
System. To date
well over 100 such planets have been discovered and
characterized\footnote{See e.g.~http://exoplanets.or... |
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