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2,869,038,156,828 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The stress tensors in general are widely used for description of internal forces of matter in various fields of science such as mechanical engineering and material science.
In quantum systems as well, the stress tensors have been investigated for many years, including one of t... |
2,869,038,156,829 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Magnetized relativistic jets are important astrophysical phenomena, most notably in the context of gamma ray bursts (GRBs), but also in active galactic nuclei and tidal disruption events. As a result, the dynamics of relativistic jets have been studied extensively, often in te... |
2,869,038,156,830 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Since the observation of the Mott metal-insulator transition in Cr-doped V$_2$O$_3$,\cite{MT-exp-1}
many properties of the Mott transition have been studied from theoretical and experimental aspects.
Recent hot topics of the Mott transition include critical properties\cite{MT-critexp-1,MT-crite... |
2,869,038,156,831 | arxiv |
\section{Appendix}
\label{sec:appendix}
In the appendix, we prove \fref{lem:approx} and \fref{thm:knn} on the performance of NIBH on $k$-nearest neighbor preservation. Finally, we include additional numerical simulation results and discussions on the empirical convergence of the NIBH algorithm.
\section*{Proof of \... |
2,869,038,156,832 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{1}
Several types of dense relativistic matter exist in compact stars. For example, a relativistic electron
plasma forms and plays an essential role in white dwarfs. Also, electrons form a relativistic fluid inside
nuclear matter in the interior of neutron stars. If quark stars exist in na... |
2,869,038,156,833 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton are best determined from global analysis of a wide variety of deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and related hard-scattering data taken from both fixed-target experiments and colliders (HERA, the Tevatron, and most recen... |
2,869,038,156,834 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec1}
The present study concerns important issues on the design of
neuroimaging experiments where the pioneering functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) technology is employed to gain better
knowledge on how our brain reacts to mental stimuli. In such an fMRI
study, a sequence of... |
2,869,038,156,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modeling flow in fractured porous media has drawn great attention in the past decades, being fundamental for addressing many environmental and energy problems, such as water resources management, isolation of radioactive waste and ground water contamination.
Given the wide applications of f... |
2,869,038,156,836 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The first attempts to prove the ribbon--slice conjecture led to a 3--dimensional characterization of slice knots. Kawauchi, Shibuya and Suzuki \cite{KSS} proved that slice knots are exactly those that bound a normal singular disk in the 3--sphere with no clasp and no triple point of a certain ty... |
2,869,038,156,837 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper \cite{grl} the phenomenological implications of a class of
string motivated supersymmetric models based on level-1 heterotic string
models with Wilson line breaking of the underlying E$_{6}$ symmetry were
investigated. These models (henceforth referred to as Extended Minimal
Su... |
2,869,038,156,838 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High energy p+p, p+A and A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC address
many interesting questions.
Some fundamental ones concern the relationship between quantum
field theory and hydrodynamics, thermalization,
and between quantum entanglement, decoherence,
and thermodynamic entropy production.
Accordin... |
2,869,038,156,839 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The well-known measurements of the Anisotropies of the Cosmic
Microwave Background Radiation by WMAP \cite{WMAP}, in combination with
the supernovae type Ia observations \cite{SNIa},
imply that the evolution of
the universe is dominated by dark energy, and a state parameter that
is strongly co... |
2,869,038,156,840 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Water megamasers are extremely luminous sources of 22 GHz radiation generated by the amplification of microwave signals through stimulated emission \citep[for a review, see][]{lo2005mega}. They can be found within a few parsecs of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and may be used to probe the kinema... |
2,869,038,156,841 | arxiv |
\section*{APPENDIX}
\section{Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach} \label{sec:approach}
In this section, we introduce key components of our DRL-based planning method.
We follow the paradigm of centralized training and decentralized execution (CTDE)~\cite{foerster2018counterfactual}, which has been widely used in MARL... |
2,869,038,156,842 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Test case generation can be modelled as an optimisation problem, and so different kinds of search algorithms can be used to address it~\cite{harman2012search}.
There can be different objectives to optimise, like for example branch coverage or the detection of mutants in the system under test (S... |
2,869,038,156,843 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{introduction}
The study of the supercooled liquid and glassy states in molecular
systems is, nowadays, one of the most important topics in the
physics of disordered materials. Though the molecular processes
underlying glass formation still constitute an unsettled subject,
some trac... |
2,869,038,156,844 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Total Variation Regularization for Periodic Inverse Problems} \label{sec:problem}
The development of optimization-based methods for the reconstruction of functions from finitely many linear measurements has been an important subject of recent investigation. This... |
2,869,038,156,845 | arxiv | \section{Alternative form of the order parameter}
\label{sec:altern-form-order}
In order to show that the proposed alternative form of the order
parameter for the Vicsek model is identical to the original one, we
start from the expression
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:1}
\phi_\eta(t) = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N \cos \... |
2,869,038,156,846 | arxiv |
\chapter{The Structure of the Standard Model}
\label{cha:app_structure}
The fundamental constituents of matter in Nature are
fermions: leptons and quarks, with interactions specified by
the gauge symmetries
SU(3)$_C$$\times$SU(2)$_L$$\times$U(1)$_Y$
in the framework of the Standard Mod... |
2,869,038,156,847 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In this paper we treat several questions related to weight complex functors; the latter are defined on triangulated categories endowed with weight structures (as independently defined by the author and D. Pauksztello).
We give an important definition of {\it pure} (co)homological functors.\... |
2,869,038,156,848 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Water ice in the interior of asteroids and Near Earth Objects (NEOs) is of scientific and resource exploration interest \citep[e.g.][]{lodders99,zealey03}. Airless bodies gradually lose their ice to space by outward diffusion through the porous material, and the time-scale of this desiccation de... |
2,869,038,156,849 | arxiv | \section{Exact solutions with electromagnetic fields }\label{S3}
Now we are going to apply the charged field equations of TEGR, Eqs. (\ref{fe}) and (\ref{fe1}), to the flat horizon spacetime, which directly gives rise to the following vierbein, written in terms of cylindrical coordinates ($t$, $r$, $\phi$, $z$) ... |
2,869,038,156,850 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern physics is based on two fundamental pillars: quantum mechanics (QM) and Einsteinian general relativity (GR). When taken separately, these theories can claim success in satisfactorily describing many physical phenomena, but all attempts to make them compatible with each other have failed s... |
2,869,038,156,851 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\allowdisplaybreaks
{The interest in control systems society for performance and robustness analysis of large-scale dynamical network is rapidly growing \cite{Bamieh12, Siami13cdc, Young10, Bamieh11, abbas, Zelazo-Allgower, LovisariGarinZampieriResistance, Nicola, jovbamTAC05platoons, linfarjov... |
2,869,038,156,852 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The time varying maps (so-called non-autonomous or time-dependent dynamical systems), describe situations where the dynamics can vary with time and yield very flexible models than autonomous cases for the study and description of real world processes. They may be used to describe the evolution
of... |
2,869,038,156,853 | arxiv | \section{Abstract}
\section{Introduction}
Randomized trials often need large sample sizes to achieve adequate statistical power, and recruiting patients across the spectrum of illness severity can make it easier to find a sufficiently large cohort. However, this recruitment strategy can be a double-edged sword, as pa... |
2,869,038,156,854 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We establish for quaternions an analog of the trace formula obtained by Connes
in \cite{Co} for a commutative local field $K$. This formula has the form
$\Tr(\widetilde{P_\Lambda}P_\Lambda\,U_f) = 2\log(\Lambda)f(1) + W(f) + o(1)$
(for $\Lambda\to\infty$), where $f$ is a test-function on $K^\t... |
2,869,038,156,855 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Equational unification of two terms is of special relevance to many areas in computer science and consists of finding a substitution that, when applied to both terms, makes them equal modulo some equational properties. Several algorithms have been developed in the literature fo... |
2,869,038,156,856 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
The tunneling of conduction electrons into local charge traps is a prevalent
phenomena in solid state physics. Traps can be realized by artificial
structures such as quantum dots,\cite{latta11} or by natural ``unwanted''
defects such as dangling bonds \cite{desousa07} and bound... |
2,869,038,156,857 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}\end{small}}
\newcommand\altaffilmark[1]{$^{#1}$}
\newcommand\altaffiltext[1]{$^{#1}$}
\voffset=-0.6in
\title[Multi-Stage AGN Feedback]{Quasar Feedback: More Bang for Your Buck}
\author[Hopkins \&\ Elvis]{
\parbox[t]{\textwidth}{
Philip F. Hopkins\altaffilmark{1}\thanks{E-mail:phopkins@ast... |
2,869,038,156,858 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The nature of the particle content of the dark matter (DM) sector of the Universe remains unknown. The dominant paradigm of the last several decades has been based on the assumption that DM is made up of some weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the mass range of a few \gev\ to a few... |
2,869,038,156,859 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, let $T>0$ be a given time horizon. As an extension of stochastic differential equations, mean-field stochastic differential equations (hereafter mean-field SDEs), also referred to as McKean-Vlasov equations, given by
\begin{align}\label{eq:RegMainMcKeanVlasov}
dX_t^x = \ov... |
2,869,038,156,860 | arxiv | \section*{Nomenclature}
{\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.0}
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{l @{\quad=\quad} l}
$a$ & speed of sound [m/s] \\
$C_D$& drag coefficient \\
$d$ & diameter of probe [m] \\
$E$ & Young's modulus [Pa] \\
$F_D$ & drag force [N] \\
$f$ & factor of safety $(f\geq1)$ \\
$g$ & loc... |
2,869,038,156,861 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given two latin squares of the same order a latin trade describes the differences between them. Early motivation \cite{DraKep1} for their study arose from considering the differences between the operation tables of a finite group and a latin square of the same order, that is: what is the `distan... |
2,869,038,156,862 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}
Understanding the properties of the dark sector represents one of the
great experimental and theoretical challenges facing physics today.
Indeed, we even lack insight into such fundamental questions as
whether the dark sector
is minimal ({\it e.g.}\/, consisting of on... |
2,869,038,156,863 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Low- to intermediate-mass stars approach the end of their evolution through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, during which they develop large-amplitude variability characterized by periodicities of tens to hundreds of days. These objects are known as long-period v... |
2,869,038,156,864 | arxiv | \section{}
\begin{abstract}
The recent $x> 1$ (e,e') and correlation experiments at
momentum transfer $Q^2 \ge 2 \,\mbox{GeV}^2$ confirm presence of short-range correlations (SRC) in nuclei mostly build of nucleons.
Recently we evaluated in a model independent way the dominant photon contribution to the nucl... |
2,869,038,156,865 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Anti-coordination games form some of the basic payoff structures in game theory.
Such games are ubiquitous; miners deciding which land to drill for resources,
company employees trying to learn diverse skills, and airplanes selecting flight
paths all need to mutually anti-coordinate their strateg... |
2,869,038,156,866 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In the age of cloud computing, cloud servers with adequate resources help their clients
by performing huge amount of computation or by storing large amount of data (say, in the order of terabytes)
on their behalf. In this setting, a client only has to download the result of th... |
2,869,038,156,867 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Introduction}
Data-driven modeling using linear operators has the potential to transform the estimation and control of strongly nonlinear systems.
Linear operators, such as Koopman and Perron-Frobenius operators, provide a principled linear embedding of nonlinear dynamics, extending... |
2,869,038,156,868 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The integrated spectra of galaxies are notoriously difficult to interpret
in terms of their overall metallicity and age (cf. the excellent review by
\cite{CWB96}). Every part of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of a
stellar system yields a different clue to a complex puzzle. In ... |
2,869,038,156,869 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A circle packing in the plane $\c$ is simply a union of circles (here a line
is regarded as a circle of infinite radius). As we allow circles to intersect with each other,
our definition of a circle packing is more general than the conventional definition of a
circle packing.
For a given cir... |
2,869,038,156,870 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
\label{Introduction}}
The discovery of neutrino
oscillations~\cite{fukuda:2002pe,ahmad:2002jz,araki:2004mb,Kajita:2004ga,ahn:2002up}
has indicated a very peculiar structure of lepton
mixing~\cite{Maltoni:2004ei}, quite distinct from that of quarks.
These data have triggered a rush of papers attem... |
2,869,038,156,871 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many university courses involve some element of team-based project work. A set of projects is available for a course and each student submits a subset of projects as acceptable. For each acceptable student--project pair $(s,p)$, there is a weight $w(s,p)$ denoting the \emph{utility} of assigni... |
2,869,038,156,872 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A nontrivial group $G$ is called left-orderable, if and only if it admits a total ordering $\le$ which is invariant under left multiplication, that is, $g\le h$ if and only if $fg\le fh$. An $L$-space is a rational homology $3$-sphere with minimal Heegaard Floer homology, that is, $\dim\widehat{... |
2,869,038,156,873 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
White dwarf (WD) stars are the end stages of all stars with initial masses less than roughly $8-10$\,$M_{\sun}$ \citep{2015MNRAS.446.2599D} and have been used for decades as stellar chronometers (see review by \citealt{2001PASP..113..409F}). Since WDs no longer undergo core fus... |
2,869,038,156,874 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
The notion of the index of a subgroup is a fundamental concept in group theory. It may be viewed as providing a way of measuring the size of a subgroup relative to its containing group. From this point of view, a subgroup of finite index may be thought of as differing from its p... |
2,869,038,156,875 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The dimensionality of an optimization problem significantly impacts any optimization procedure used to solve it, including evolutionary algorithms (EAs)~\cite{Chen2015, Omidvar2011}. However, there is still an open question of whether the difficulties of EAs with high dimensio... |
2,869,038,156,876 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Light absorption can be described in terms of
a process where polarization is
induced in the medium.
To linear order in the electric
field component of the traversing light, ${\cal E}$,
the induced polarizability, ${\cal P}$,
can be expressed in terms of the dielectric susceptibility $\chi$ as
... |
2,869,038,156,877 | arxiv | \section{Background: addition Cayley graphs}\label{s:background}
For a subset $S$ of the abelian group $G$, we denote by $\CP(S)$ the
addition Cayley graph induced by $S$ on $G$; recall that this is the
undirected graph with the vertex set $G$ and the edge set
$\{(g_1,g_2)\in G\times G\colon g_1+g_2\in S\}$. Note that... |
2,869,038,156,878 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the physical processes in the very early Universe is a crucial ingredient for deciphering the physics at energies that we cannot currently probe in terrestrial experiments. While most observables have been washed away by the thermal bath of the pre-recombination era and do not have ... |
2,869,038,156,879 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Inspired by the success of BERT~\cite{devlin2018bert}, vision-and-language pre-training (VLP) has becoming an increasingly central paradigm for vision-and-language (VL) research. Models such as LXMERT~\cite{tan2019lxmert}, ViLBERT~\cite{lu2019vilbert} and UNITER~\cite{chen2020uniter}, hav... |
2,869,038,156,880 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, solid state magnetic cooling based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has gained considerable attention as an alternative to the traditional gas compression refrigeration technology~\cite{Julia,Jian,Pecharsky1}. The MCE is defined and measured using primarily two broad categories... |
2,869,038,156,881 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion and Discussion}
\label{sec:conclusions}
We presented a novel real-time SLAM system that jointly reconstructs a static scene and moving objects from either continuous or discrete observations (i.e. no smooth object motion required). The system automatically detects and models a moving object from... |
2,869,038,156,882 | arxiv | \section{Searches for new physics}\label{sec:bsm}
Like hadron beams, muon beams emit significantly less synchrotron radiation than their electronic counterpart due to the muon's much larger mass.
As a result, $\mu^+\mu^-$ colliders can reach {partonic} c.m.~energies that far exceed conventional $e^+e^-$ facilities, suc... |
2,869,038,156,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin formulations (SUPG) for solving the unsteady Navier-Stokes equation using the finite element method introduce an artificial diffusion stabilization term, weighted by $\tau_{\mathrm{SUPG}}$, to balance out the negative diffusion inherent to the Galerkin metho... |
2,869,038,156,884 | arxiv | \section{Embedding \texorpdfstring{$\mathsf{CNOT}$}{CNOT} into \texorpdfstring{$\mathsf{ZX}_\pi$}{the real stabilizer fragment of the ZX-calculus} (proofs)}
\label{sec:embeddingcnotzx}
The following basic identity is needed:
\begin{lemma} \cite[Lemma 19]{vilmart}
\label{lem:dim}
\label{lem:dim:proof}
\begin{tikzpict... |
2,869,038,156,885 | arxiv | \section*{Results}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{fig1}
\caption{Imitation on a square lattice fails to sustain cooperation and extortion. Depicted are the stationary frequencies of surviving strategies in dependence on the strength of the social dilemma $b$. It can be observed that for s... |
2,869,038,156,886 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Depth estimation has shown great significance in many real-world applications, including robotic manipulation\cite{tremblay2018deep}, augmented reality \cite{tang20193d,marchand2015pose}, and autonomous driving \cite{manhardt2019roi,wu20196d}. However, it suffers from bottlenecks in high-velocity... |
2,869,038,156,887 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection*{Special points}
Let \( S = \Sh_K(\mathbf{G}, X) \) be a Shimura variety.
Then \( S \) has a canonical model over the reflex field \( E_\mathbf{G} = E(\mathbf{G}, X) \).
According to the definition of a canonical model, for every special point \( s \in S \) with reflex field \( E(s... |
2,869,038,156,888 | arxiv | \section{...}
We study jet-pairs produced in hard partonic collisions during the early stages of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.
In order to study the ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions, we first describe di-jet production in $p$-$p$ collisions, where we assume that a QGP-medium is not formed, and later on e... |
2,869,038,156,889 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The study of the origin and structure of clusters of galaxies occupies
a central place in the current efforts to understand the origin and
evolution of the Universe. In particular, the determination of the
mass distribution of clusters can prove crucial for verifying the ... |
2,869,038,156,890 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Supersymmetry (SUSY) \cite{1} provides a solution to the gauge hierarchy
problem if it breaks dynamically \cite{2}. However, the general
supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (SM) suffers from the
flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) problem \cite{3}. The... |
2,869,038,156,891 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
The Riemann curvature operator of a Riemannian manifold $(M^n,g)$ is defined,
as in~\cite{gahula}, by
$$
\mathrm{Riem}(X,Y)Z=\nabla_{Y}\nabla_{X}Z-\nabla_{X}\nabla_{Y}Z+\nabla_{[X,Y]}Z\,.
$$
In a local coordinate system the components of the $(3,1)$--Riemann
curvature tensor are give... |
2,869,038,156,892 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
With the advent of highly sensitive spectropolarimeters like the
Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (ZIMPOL) we now have access to the linearly
polarized spectrum of the Sun that is due to coherent scattering processes
in the Sun's atmosphere (and which has nothing to do with the well-kn... |
2,869,038,156,893 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The origin of glass transition and the stability of a supercooled liquid against crystallization is
still not well understood and is an open question \cite{inoue_international,tanaka-epje}. It is usually found that during fast cooling due to a large change in viscosity,
crystallization can be... |
2,869,038,156,894 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The first decades of exoplanet science have enabled detection and some
characterization of exoplanets with a much wider range of properties
than anticipated. In turn, this has prompted a reinvention of the
formation history of the solar system. However, so far we barely ... |
2,869,038,156,895 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) is an interpretation of quantum theory proposed by Carlo Rovelli in several publications (cf.\ \cite{Rovelli:1996, Rovelli:2016, Rovelli:2018}, \cite{Laudisa:2019b}). According to this interpretative framework, Quantum Mechanics (QM) concerns to t... |
2,869,038,156,896 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Manin \cite{Manin3fold} proposed to study (uni)rationality
of Fano threefolds over nonclosed fields, in situations where geometric
(uni)rationality is known.
In cases where the Picard group is generated
by the canonical class, i.e., those of rank and index one, he assigned an
`Exercise' \cite[p.~... |
2,869,038,156,897 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modeling and simulation of traffic flow on road networks, has been investigated intensively using hyperbolic partial differential equations.
Different models have been used, ranging from scalar conservation laws like the Lighthill Whitham Richards model through
models using system of conservati... |
2,869,038,156,898 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
We consider a wireless relay network illustrated in Fig.\ref{fig:model} where
a transmitter communicates with a receiver via $M$ relays and each terminal
has a single antenna. We let ${\bf h},{\bf g}$ denote the channel vector between the
transmitter and the relays, the channel vector between t... |
2,869,038,156,899 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The SND detector \cite{SNDAchasov,SNDAbramov,SNDAulchenko} operates at the VEPP-2000 collider \cite{VEPPKhazin} since 2008. It produces hundreds gigabytes of stored raw data per day~\cite{DAQupd14}. The data are complemented with dozens megabytes of metadata, facility conditions (beam energy, lu... |
2,869,038,156,900 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{}
The mappings $L_{a}$ and $R_{a}$ on a groupoid $(Q,\cdot)$ such that $L_{a}:Q\rightarrow Q$ and $R_{a}:Q\rightarrow Q$ ($a\in Q$) defined as $L_{a}(x)=a\cdot x$ and $R_{a}(x)=x\cdot a$ for all $x\in Q$ are called left and right translations respectively. These translations find rel... |
2,869,038,156,901 | arxiv | \subsection{\large A. \ $\phi^4$ Potential}\label{secA}
As the first case, we assume a $\lambda \phi^4$ potential for the dark glueball. This is a simplified but interesting case where the same quartic coupling controls both glueball dark matter self-interaction strength and the properties of the DSS.
We assume $\l... |
2,869,038,156,902 | arxiv | \section{Experiments}\label{sec:exp}
In this section, we implement the APG-restart algorithm with different restart schemes listed in \Cref{table: 1} to corroborate our theory that APG-restart has guaranteed convergence with any restart scheme. In specific, for the fixed restart scheme we set the restart period to be $... |
2,869,038,156,903 | arxiv | \@ifstar\myssect\mysect{\@ifstar\myssect\mysect}
\def\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}
{8pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}{6pt} {\elvbf}}
\def\myssubsect#1{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@*{#1}}
\def\mysubsect#1{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@{\hskip -1em.~#1}}
\def\@ifstar\myssubsect... |
2,869,038,156,904 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\input{01-introduction.tex}
\vspace{-0.1cm}
\section{Problem Statement} \label{sec:problem}
\input{02-problem.tex}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\section{Taxonomy of Approaches} \label{sec:approaches}
\input{03-approaches.tex}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
\section{Application Domains} \label{sec:app... |
2,869,038,156,905 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last decade or so, non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behaviors around quantum critical point (QCP) have been one of main issues in physics, not only in heavy fermion systems\cite{lohneysen}, but also in those exhibiting the Mott transition\cite{imada}.
Of these NFL behaviors, those of heavy fermion s... |
2,869,038,156,906 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to argue that certain properties of three-dimensional Chern-Simons theory can be understood in a unified way by regarding the theory as an effective description of an $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supersymmetric completion. To an optimist, such a viewpoint might represent a partic... |
2,869,038,156,907 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One flagship of AGN studies resides in the unique opportunity X-rays offer to directly probe the innermost regions around AGN central black holes.
In fact, AGN spectral properties exhibiting numerous emission and absorption lines in X-rays, combined with the observed fast variability of both co... |
2,869,038,156,908 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Einstein field equations in general relativity predict the
existence of black hole solutions, such as the Schwarzschild,
Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m and Kerr metrics. In recent several years,
a number of detections of gravitational-wave signals emitted from
binary black hole mergers [1,2] and the... |
2,869,038,156,909 | arxiv | \section{Mathematical Foundations of the Problem}
In this Section we start with the Lagrangian for the system and set up
the equilibrium equations and their solutions as well as the evolution
equations with which we evolve the equilibrium solutions.
\subsection {\bf Einstein-scalar-field equations}
The Lagrange densi... |
2,869,038,156,910 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:Intro}
The Bullet cluster has provided particularly direct evidence for the existence
of dark matter by displaying a large offset between the
the gas component, marked by X-ray emission,
and dark matter traced by gravitationally lensed images
\citep{MarkevitchET02}.
This merging clu... |
2,869,038,156,911 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Deep inelastic electroproduction of heavy flavours is given by
\begin{equation}
e^-(\ell_1)+P(p)\rightarrow e^-(\ell_2)+Q(p_1)(\ \overline{Q}(p_2)\ )
+'X' \,.
\end{equation}
When the virtuality $-q^2 = Q^2 >0 \ (\ q=\ell_1-\ell_2\ )$
of the exchanged vector bosons is not too large $(\ Q^2\ll M_Z... |
2,869,038,156,912 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Ever since 1994 when Seiberg and Witten
derived exact low-energy Wilsonian effective action of (pure) $SU(2)$ ${\cal N}=2$ SYM \cite{Seiberg:1994rs},
the interest in this kind of theories has been remaining extremely high. The reason is their remarkably rich physical and
mathematical content... |
2,869,038,156,913 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The investigation of the low-energy physics of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet
(HAFM)
\begin{equation}
H = \sum_{<i,j>}{\bf s}_i\cdot{\bf s}_j
\label{H}
\end{equation}
on the kagome lattice is one of the most
challenging problems in the field of frustrated quantum magnetism.
The sum over $\langl... |
2,869,038,156,914 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given the popularity of social media, it becomes much easier to collect
a large number of videos from Internet for human action recognition.
Effective video representation is required for recognizing human actions
and understanding video content in such rapidly increasing unstructured
data.
By ... |
2,869,038,156,915 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Automated freight handling system (AFHS) is a type of automated material handling system (AMHS), which is widely adopted in facilities with massive material handling requests, such as freight terminals, distribution centers and production plants, to enhance system efficacy by minimizing operatin... |
2,869,038,156,916 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We put forth a model of \emph{stateless} distributed computation and initiate the systematic exploration of the power of such computation. We first discuss the motivation for this model and then present an exposition of the model and our results.
\subsection{Motivation}
One of our main motivati... |
2,869,038,156,917 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We are grateful to the stimulating discussions with Wolfram Weise.
This work is partly supported by the RIKEN iTHES and iTHEMS Programs.
T.H. is grateful to the Aspen Center for Physics, supported in part by NSF Grants PHY1066292 and PHY1607611.
|
2,869,038,156,918 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Let us begin with the preliminary definitions, concepts and relevant notation on trees. A \emph{graph} $G$ is a pair $(V,E)$ consisting of a countably-infinite set of \emph{vertices} $V$ and a set of \emph{edges} $E\subset \big\{(u, v): u, v\in V, u\neq v\big\}$ (which is a subse... |
2,869,038,156,919 | arxiv | \section{Contributions}
All authors designed and planned research collaboratively and performed experiments. W.G. developed the theoretical model, and performed the numerical simulations and PIV analysis. All authors wrote the paper.
\section{Data Availability}
The data that support the plots within this paper and... |
2,869,038,156,920 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 2015, the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (Advanced LIGO) detected gravitational waves passing through Earth for the first time, inaugurating the era of gravitational-wave astronomy~\cite{Abbott:2016blz,Abbott:2016nmj,TheLIGOScientific:2016pea}. During 2017, Advanc... |
2,869,038,156,921 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A newborn protostar generates a fast and well collimated jet, possibly
surrounded by a wider angle wind. In turn, the ejected material drives
(bow-)shocks travelling through the surrounding high-density medium
and traced by H$_2$ ro-vibrational lines at
excitation temperatures of around 2000 K.... |
2,869,038,156,922 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A crucial component of Bayesian inference is approximating the posterior distribution, which represents the current state of knowledge about the latent variables $\bd{x}$ after data $\bd{y}$ have been observed. When intractable integrals are involved, variational inference methods find an ap... |
2,869,038,156,923 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Channelizing the electronic motion through confinement is the key to the future success of fabrication of nano-scale electronic devices \cite{Cui2001}. One of the most appropriate way of achieving it is to tailor the potential profile of electrons by constructing hetero-interfaces \cite{Mani2002... |
2,869,038,156,924 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum cryptography has become one of the most fruitful and versatile commercial applications of quantum information. While classical encryption can in principle be compromised with a powerful enough computer, quantum encryption provides a platform where any eavesdropping attempt can be detect... |
2,869,038,156,925 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a growing interest in the community in making an embodied AI agent perform a complicated task following natural language directives. Recent studies of
vision-language navigation tasks (VLN) have made significant progress \cite{anderson2018vision,fried2018speaker,zhu2020vision}. However... |
2,869,038,156,926 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
On 2013, September 29 a large solar filament rose smoothly, without any previous flare, vigorous dynamics, or significant brightening arcade. This filament lifted and afterwards created a two-ribbon flare, and its X-ray flux reached the category C1.2 by GOES 1-8~\AA\footnote{\url{http://www.lms... |
2,869,038,156,927 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\vspace{-0pt}
Multiclass classification is the problem of classifying data instances into one of three or more classes. In a typical learning process of multiclass classification, assuming that there are $K > 2$ classes, i.e. $Y= \{C_1,C_2,...,C_K\}$, and $n$ training instances, i.e... |
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