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2,869,038,156,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A massive star dies, then forms a supernova remnant (SNR).
This process produces heavy elements, dusts and cosmic rays, which has important impact on the Galactic interstellar
medium (ISM).
To understand this process, we need study the evolution of SNRs.
\citet{Truelove1999} and \citet{Cioffi1988... |
2,869,038,156,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{s-intro}}
Morphogenesis---that is, the development and formation of tissues
and organs---is one of the main mysteries in living organisms.
How does structure emerge from a structureless state
without the apparent action of an external organizing force?
A major factor seems to be the competit... |
2,869,038,156,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
An effective numerical representation of the textual content is crucial for natural language processing models, in order to understand the underlying relational patterns among words and discover patterns in natural languages. For resource-rich languages like English, numerous p... |
2,869,038,156,631 | arxiv | \section*{Funding Information}
The project is funded by two Sapere Aude grants (ID: DFF – 4005-00370 and DFF: - 1323-00752) awarded by the Danish Research Council for Technology and Production as well as by Villum Fonden via the NATEC Center of Excellence.
|
2,869,038,156,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{Tz}, we constructed and proved the invariance of a Gibbs measure associated to the sub-cubic,
focusing or defocusing Nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) on the disc of the plane $\mathbb R^2$.
For focusing non-linear interactions the cubic threshold is critical for the argument in \... |
2,869,038,156,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The amount of data available and used for training public datasets is vast, yet there is an inherent bias in these datasets towards certain ethnicity groups like caucasian faces as compared to other ethnicities such as Asian, African, Indian, etc. There is definitely a need to mitigate the bias a... |
2,869,038,156,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Feature selection in high-dimensional multiresponse models with complex group structures is important in many scientific fields, especially in genetic and medical studies. Many studies about detecting associations between multiple traits and predictors have found that both responses and predictor... |
2,869,038,156,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The chemically peculiar stars such as CH stars and barium stars that
exhibit enhancement of slow neutron-capture elements in their
surface chemical composition can provide observational constraints
for models of neutron-capture nucleosynthesis that occur during
the AGB phase of evolution of l... |
2,869,038,156,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The brain has a great capacity for learning and memory, and the mechanisms that allow it to reliably and flexibly store information can provide new foundational mechanisms for learning in artificial networks.
Perhaps the most widely discussed mechanism associated with learning is Hebbian plastic... |
2,869,038,156,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Higgs mechanism is introduced in the Standard Model (SM) to provide mass to fundamental particles,
through the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak simmetry. This mechanism implies the existence of a
yet experimentally unobserved scalar particle, the Higgs boson, whose search has represe... |
2,869,038,156,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Protein sequence families, particularly antibodies, have both well-conserved and variable regions.
In antibodies, the heavy and light chain sequences consist of highly conserved regions known as the framework as well as an array of distinct hypervariable loops, known as complementarity-determinin... |
2,869,038,156,639 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction and Motivation}
The interference channel is a mathematical model relevant to many
communication systems where multiple uncordinated links share a common
communication medium, such as wireless ad-hoc networks or Digital
Subscriber Lines (DSL). In this paper, we focus on the Gaussian parallel
in... |
2,869,038,156,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kick motions are an essential part of robot soccer. In recent years, the speed of the game has increased a lot with most teams now being able to stably walk at high speeds. Thus, fights for the ball are more common. A flexible kick motion that is able to adapt to different and changing ball loca... |
2,869,038,156,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One case of homological mirror symmetry is an equivalence between the derived category of coherent sheaves on a Fano variety $X$ and the Fukaya-Seidel category of its mirror Landau-Ginzburg, or LG, model $\mathbf{w} : X^{mir} \to \mathbb{C}$. There are many constructions of the mirror \cite{auro... |
2,869,038,156,642 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
In May 2019, the quantum Hall effect \cite{Klitzing1980a,Stormer1982} was formally included among the select group of high-precision experiments to form the basis of a new SI system of units based on the "Planck constant $h$, the elementary charge $e$, the Boltzmann const... |
2,869,038,156,643 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Quasi-hereditary algebras were introduced by Cline, Parshall and Scott to study highest weight categories which arise in the representation theory of semisimple complex Lie algebras and algebraic groups \cite{{CPS}, {S}}.
Dlab and Ringel intensely studied quasi-hereditary algebras from the vi... |
2,869,038,156,644 | arxiv |
\chapter{Background material}\label{ch:back}
In this chapter, we review the necessary background material for this thesis.
We begin by introducing in section \ref{sec:HEfree} the problem we wish to solve, that is, the \emph{free-space problem} for the Helmholtz equation. This problem is defined on an unbounded doma... |
2,869,038,156,645 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{PlanckIPF1.5:Sect1}
{\it Planck\/}\footnote{{\it Planck\/}\ (http://www.esa.int/{\it Planck\/}) is a project
of the European Space Agency (ESA) with instruments provided by two
scientific consortia funded by ESA member states (in particular the
lead countries France and Italy), with cont... |
2,869,038,156,646 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction and Related Work}
In this work, we present improved distributed ($\mathsf{LOCAL}$ model) algorithms for the \emph{degree splitting problem}, and also use them to provide simpler and faster deterministic distributed algorithms for the classic and well-studied problem of \emph{edge coloring}.
\p... |
2,869,038,156,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Complex networks, and scale-free networks in particular, have been identified as potent promoters of cooperation in all major types of social dilemmas \cite{santos-prl}. Especially the prisoner's dilemma, being one of the most widely applicable games \cite{axelrod}, as well as the snowdrift and u... |
2,869,038,156,648 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The seminal work of Shapley~\cite{shapley1953stochastic}
defines Stochastic Games (SGs) to study the dynamic non-cooperative multi-player game, where each player simultaneously and independently chooses an action at each round, and the next state is determined by a probability distribution depen... |
2,869,038,156,649 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
We present TANDEM, a new architecture to learn active and efficient exploration policy with task-related decision making. Our approach consists of distinct modules for exploration, discrimination, and world encoding. Even though our approach separates exploration and discrimination, they are co-... |
2,869,038,156,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The phase space of loop gravity on a fixed graph is given by holonomies of the gravitational connection and fluxes of the triad field. In \cite{noi}, we introduced a parametrization of this phase space in terms of quantities describing the intrinsic and extrinsic discrete geometry of a cellular ... |
2,869,038,156,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suppose $X$ is a connected scheme, $\bar{y}$ is a geometric point of $X$, and $\pi_G:X_G \to X$ is a finite \'etale Galois $G$-covering. Such a covering corresponds to a morphism $\pi_1^\et(X, \bar{y}) \twoheadrightarrow G$. For every closed point $x \in |X|$ and a geometric point $\bar{x}$ a... |
2,869,038,156,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many medical and experimental procedures benefit from the
availability of radiation shielding that can be moulded
to shape without using metal cast at high temperature.
Formulations for shielding putties based on clays
and thermoset resins \cite{Fa92a,Ei94a,Sa04a,Ok05a} have been
published but t... |
2,869,038,156,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Designing deep neural network architectures often requires various task-specific domain knowledge, and it is challenging to achieve the state-of-the-art performance by manual tuning without such information.
Consequently, the automatic search for network architectures bec... |
2,869,038,156,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semantic memory~\cite{martin2001semantic}, which can be
considered as a part of explicit memory, is responsible for
the brain's ability to memorize the meaning of words and
concepts and also their mental representation, including their
properties and functions and the relation to each
other... |
2,869,038,156,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent days, Picard-Vessiot theory for differential equations in
characteristic zero and for iterative differential equations in
positive characteristic has been extended to the case of non
algebraically closed fields of constants (cf. \cite{dyckerhoff}
resp. \cite{maurischat}). In the classi... |
2,869,038,156,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The standard theoretical approach to neutrino oscillations is based on the flavour neutrino states postulated in the seminal work of Gribov and Pontecorvo in 1968 \cite{Grib_Pont}. We have recently presented a consistent and universal definition of oscillating neutrino states
as coherent supe... |
2,869,038,156,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main goal of this work is to study
the transmission problem in isotropic linear elasticity. Let $\Omega\subset\R^3$ be a smooth bounded domain.
Let $\Gamma_1,\dots, \Gamma_k$ be closed disjoint smooth surfaces (interfaces) splitting $\Omega$ into subdomains $\Omega_k$ with exterior b... |
2,869,038,156,658 | arxiv | \section*{References\markboth
{References}{References}}\list
{[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
\sloppy
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography... |
2,869,038,156,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a rule, the size of radiative corrections to a given process
is determined by the discrepancy between the various mass and
energy scales involved.
In $Z$-boson physics, the dominant effects arise from light
charged fermions, which induce large logarithms of the form
$\alpha^n\ln^m(M_Z^2/m_f^2... |
2,869,038,156,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
Many living organisms, chemical and physical systems can behave as self-sustained oscillators~\cite{Book:Winfree}.
Spiking neurons in the brain, flashing fireflies, Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction
and swinging pendula of metronomes are just a few examples of such kind.
When ... |
2,869,038,156,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Interstellar dust grains absorb, scatter, and polarise radiation and
emit the absorbed radiation through non-thermal and thermal
mechanisms. Dust grains not only absorb and scatter stellar photons,
but also the radiation from dust and gas. In addition, interstellar
dust in the diffuse interste... |
2,869,038,156,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
Let $(M,g)$ be an $m$-dimensional closed Riemannian manifold
with a Riemannian metric $g$,
and let $(N,J,h)$ be a $2n$-dimensional compact almost Hermitian manifold
with an almost complex structure $J$ and a Hermitian metric $h$.
Consider the initial value problem... |
2,869,038,156,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The visual cognitive ability of machines has significantly improved mostly due to the recent development of deep learning techniques. Owing to its high complexity, the decision process is inherently a black-box, and therefore, much research has focused on making the machine explain the reason beh... |
2,869,038,156,664 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Knowledge graph (KG) is a graph structured database~\cite{miller1995wordnet}, in which nodes represent entities (e.g., \emph{Hedgehog in the Fog}, \emph{Sergei Kozlov}), and edges reflect the relations between entities (e.g., \emph{Hedgehog in the Fog} - \emph{written\_by} - \emph{Sergei Kozlov}... |
2,869,038,156,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most important problems of contemporary material science is investigation of onset and development of gas porosity in materials. The creation of materials with improved radiation hardness is important for development of atomic energetics development as well as for other sectors of ind... |
2,869,038,156,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of open quantum dynamics
\cite{Leggett87,Slichter90,Walls94} is an important and active area
of physics with applications in nanotechnology, chemical physics,
quantum biology, and quantum information. In open quantum theories,
the system under consideration is assumed to inter... |
2,869,038,156,667 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction}
\hskip 1.5em
In \cite[C6, p. 87]{croft1991} the problem, attributed to S.K. Stein, is posed:
``Whether it is possible to partition the unit circle into congruent pieces so that the center is in the interior of one of the pieces?''.
At present, for a... |
2,869,038,156,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the main aims of nuclear physics
is to determine the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter and
constrain effective nucleon-nucleon (NN)
interactions. Nucleon single particle (s.p.) potentials, especially their
isospin dependence in asymmetric
nuclear matter are basic inputs... |
2,869,038,156,669 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Entity resolution aims at finding the records that refer to the same real-world entity. Usually considered as a classification task, ER is challenging in that the records may contain incomplete and dirty values. ER can be performed based on rules, probabilistic theory or machine learning \cite{S... |
2,869,038,156,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:introduction}
The observation of gravitational waves~\cite{LIGOScientific:2016aoc} and the reconstruction of the image of a black hole shadow~\cite{EventHorizonTelescope:2019dse} have provided impressive support to Einstein's General Relativity (GR), and to the existence of astrophysi... |
2,869,038,156,671 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
De Sitter space is widely accepted as a probable early-universe
cosmological solution, as it describes the state of the universe
during inflation. Provided our universe possesses a
completely stable positive cosmological constant, it should also
asymptotically approach de Sitter... |
2,869,038,156,672 | arxiv | \section{Equivalence Rules}\label{apx:equivalence}
\begin{mathpar}
\inferrule*
{\mtyequiv s t T}
{\mtyequiv t s T}
\inferrule*
{\mtyequiv s t T \\ \mtyequiv t u T}
{\mtyequiv s u T}
\inferrule*
{x : T \in \Gamma}
{\mtyequiv[\vect \Gamma; \Gamma] x x T}
\inferrule*
{\mtyequiv[\vect \Gamma; \c... |
2,869,038,156,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While language is many times mistakenly perceived as a stable, unchanging structure, it is in fact constantly evolving and adapting to the needs of its users. It is a well researched fact that some words and phrases can change their meaning completely in a longer period of time. The word \textit... |
2,869,038,156,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
A quandle~\cite{DJoyce, Matveev} is a non-associate algebraic structure whose definition is motivated by knot theory, and it provides an axiomatization of the Reidemeister moves for link diagrams. The fundamental quandle of a link is a quandle that can be computed from any diagr... |
2,869,038,156,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{here} are multiple applications for the room-temperature semi-conductor Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT), ranging from medical imaging over homeland security to astroparticle physics experiments. The high efficiency and good spectral and spatial resolution of CZ... |
2,869,038,156,676 | arxiv | \section{Presentation of Dirac equation including the Pauli-type term}
\qquad To receive the observed spectra of Fermions from the higher-dimensional theories is a long-standing problem. Introduction of Higgs scalar is a conventional Standard Model approach to generate masses of Fermi fields. However mass-like terms i... |
2,869,038,156,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent The aim of this article is to prove a version of the classical result due to N.~Wiener, characterising doubly shift-invariant subspaces (of the Hilbert space square integrable functions on the circle with respect to a finite positive Borel measure), for the Besicovitch Hilbert space.... |
2,869,038,156,678 | arxiv |
\section{Experiments}
\subsection{Rotated MNIST}
We construct a $g$-separable (\Eqs{gconv_g_sep}{pointwise_g}) and $gc$-separable (\Eqs{gconv_gi_sep}{pointwise_gi}) version of the P4CNN architecture~\cite{cohen2016group} and evaluate on Rotated MNIST~\cite{larochelle2007}. Rotated MNIST has 10 classes of randomly ro... |
2,869,038,156,679 | arxiv | \section*{COFFEE Methodology}
COFFEE is a probabilistic model that forecasts daily reported cases and deaths of COVID-19. COFFEE is fit to geographic regions independently, facilitating parallelization for fast computations.
\subsection*{Notation}
\begin{itemize}
\item $t$ indexes time, where $t$ is the number of da... |
2,869,038,156,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a big theoretical challenge in deep learning studies to understand why networks trained via stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants generalize so well in the overparameterized regime, in which the number of network parameters greatly exceeds that of the training data samples~\cit... |
2,869,038,156,681 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $(M, \eta, g)$ be a Sasakian manifold of dimension $2n+1$. A minimal Legendrian submanifold is an $n$-dimensional submanifold $i: L \rightarrow M$ on which the contact form vanishes, $i^*\eta = 0$ and is minimal in the sense of Riemannian geometry with respect to the metric induced from $g$.... |
2,869,038,156,682 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Masses of free fermions arise from local fermion bilinear terms in the action. If symmetries of the theory prevent such terms, fermions remain massless perturbatively. However, these symmetries can break spontaneously and generate non-zero fermion bilinear condensates that can make fermions mass... |
2,869,038,156,683 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements} \label{sec:acknowledgements}
This work was funded in part by a Privacy Enhancing Technologies Award\footnote{\url{ https://research.facebook.com/research-award-recipients/year/2021/?s=korolova}} from Facebook and NSF awards \#1916153, \#1956435, and \#1943584.
\section{Additional Related Wor... |
2,869,038,156,684 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Holographic Space Time (HST) is a formalism for generalizing string theory to situations where the asymptotic regions of space-time are not frozen vacuum states.
In particular, it gives us a well defined holographic quantum theory of Big Bang cosmology\cite{holocosm}. In \cite{holoinflation}, ... |
2,869,038,156,685 | arxiv |
\section{Factual representation of example metabolic network}
\label{sec:appendix}
The factual representation of the metabolic network in Fig.~\ref{gra:toy} is given in Listing~\ref{lst:instance}.
\lstinputlisting[numbers=left,numberblanklines=false,basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,caption={Example instance of met... |
2,869,038,156,686 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Matchings are one of the most fundamental and best studied notions in graph theory, see \citet{lovasz2009matching} and \citet{schrijver2003combinatorial} for an overview.
Recently, \citet{baste2018temporal} and \citet{MMNZZ} studied matchings in temporal graphs.
A \emph{tempo... |
2,869,038,156,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Although Seyfert galaxies and quasars have been well studied in the X--rays,
most previous observational scrutiny has been devoted to the brighter
Seyfert~1/QSOs which are more easily detected. There are few observations of
those Seyfert~1/QSOs which are relatively X--ray weak or o... |
2,869,038,156,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The concept of first passage time arises in various applications in
biology, biochemistry, ecology, physics, and biophysics (see
\cite{grigoriev2002kinetics}, \cite{holcman2004escape}, \cite{redner},
\cite{Venu} \cite{schuss2007narrow}, \cite{ricc1985}, and the
references therei... |
2,869,038,156,689 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Radio galaxies (RGs) are found from the cores to the extremities of galaxy clusters \citep[e.g.,][]{kale15,padovani16,Garon19}. Cluster RGs frequently appear significantly distorted from simple, bilateral, axial symmetry \citep[e.g.,][]{deGregory17,Garon19}, revealing non-axisymmetric environmen... |
2,869,038,156,690 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\input{sections/a_KinematicsIntro.tex}
\section{VVV proper motions}\label{sec:vvvpm}
\input{sections/b_KinematicsVVVpm.tex}
\section{Made-to-Measure Milky Way Models}\label{sec:m2m}
\input{sections/c_KinematicsNmagic.tex}
\section{Red Giant Kinematics}\label{sec:rg_kin... |
2,869,038,156,691 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
When newly born stars emerge from their natal clouds as class II and
class III pre main-sequence (PMS) objects, they can be placed in a
Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. Low-mass ($<2\,M_{\odot}$)
stars take 10--100\,Myr to descend the Hayashi track
and settle onto the zero-age main... |
2,869,038,156,692 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and macroscopic quantum states are important concepts in physics
\cite{strocchi.2008,beekman-etal.2019}.
One system in which these phenomena are well established are exciton polaritons in
semiconductor microcavities
(see, e.g.,
\cite{%
fan-etal.97pra,%
cao-etal.97,%... |
2,869,038,156,693 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\section{Integrable equations}
As an introduction we briefly review the theory of integrable systems and give an overview of the preceding research.
There exist various distinct notions referred to under the name of `integrable' systems in mathematics and mathematical physics.
Howev... |
2,869,038,156,694 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Decision making is an ubiquitous task that is not done in vacuum. Our decisions are constrained by our own preferences, by our social network, by the context, by the environment and so on. Moreover, we are surrounded by little nudges: indirect suggestions that are generated by some external ag... |
2,869,038,156,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a next-generation survey
project, coupling a world-class telescope facility with cutting-edge
data management software and calibration efforts. Its primary science
drivers are to constrain dark matter and dark energy, to map the Milky
Way and L... |
2,869,038,156,696 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the expansion of the powers of the determinant polynomial,
and discuss the existence of zero coefficients.
D. G. Glynn proved that the coefficients of the $m$th power of the determinant polynomial of order $n$
are all nonzero,
if $m = p-1$ with a prime $p$.
This result is remarkable b... |
2,869,038,156,697 | arxiv | \section{LMXBs with absorption lines}
The Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) are binary accreting systems, where
the mass flows onto the neutron star (NS) or the black hole (BH) from the companion.
The Secondary is usually main sequence star of the late type
K or M that is of the low weight.
When the magnetic field... |
2,869,038,156,698 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is an important open question whether a notion of locality can be
maintained in fundamental theories involving gravity such as e.g.
string theory. This problem appears to be closely related to the question
whether (pseudo-) Riemannian geometry still makes sense down to arbitrarily
small di... |
2,869,038,156,699 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Introduction}
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) have been widely used to model dynamic systems in various scientific fields such as physics \citep{ferrell2011modeling,xiu2003oscillation,massatt1983limiting}, biology \citep{hemker1972numerical,huang2006hierarchical,li2011large,lu2011hi... |
2,869,038,156,700 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved substantial advances in a wide range of vision tasks, such as object detection and recognition \cite{alexnet,vggnet,googlenet,resnet,rcnn,faster-rcnn}, depth perception \cite{unsupervised-cnn-depth,monocular-depth}, visual relation detection... |
2,869,038,156,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our objective in this paper is to derive Carleman estimates for wave operators with critically singular potentials, that is, with potentials that scale like the principal part of the operator.
More specifically, we are interested in the case of potentials that diverge as an inverse square on a c... |
2,869,038,156,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fundamental theorem of calculus states that
$\int_a^b \partial_x f(x)\,dx = f(b) - f(a)$, where $f$ is some smooth function defined on the compact interval $[a,b]$. This theorem is critical in many applications, including computational sciences \cite{israel-theorem,thomson-theorem}. For examp... |
2,869,038,156,703 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Galactic Center (GC) is an arena for astrophysical phenomena unlike any other in our galaxy. The inner parsec alone is packed with gas streams, dark matter, a puzzling young massive stellar population, and remnants of a long history of star formation, all encircled by a dusty circumnuclear d... |
2,869,038,156,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the spatial periodicity
in the spatial distribution of quasars started
with \citet{Tifft1973,Tifft1980,Tifft1995}.
A recent analysis of \citet{Bell2006},
in which 46 400 quasars were processed,
quotes a periodicity near $\Delta z$ =0.7.
The study of periodicity in
the ... |
2,869,038,156,705 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The observational tracers of star formation range from the near-UV
(Boissier \it et al. \rm 2008) to the far-IR (Bigiel \it et al. \rm 2008) and, while each
wavelength region has its advantages and disadvantages, LSB galaxies are
difficult to observe outside the traditional optical bandpasses.... |
2,869,038,156,706 | arxiv | \section{#2}\label{#1}}
\newcommand{\Bibitem}[1]{\bibitem{#1}}
\newcommand{\Label}[1]{\label{#1}}
\newcommand{\eea}{\end{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\ee}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\bdm}{\begin{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\edm}{\end{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\dpsty}{\displaystyle}
\newcommand{\bc}{\begin{center}}
\newcomma... |
2,869,038,156,707 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Nowadays, much of the daily human activity is constantly being
recorded by means of modern technologies, such as Internet, GPS,
mobile phones, blue-tooth and other electronic devices. The gathering
and analysis of large amount of activity data have allowed the
exploration of statistical f... |
2,869,038,156,708 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A neural network block is a function $F$ that maps an input vector $x \in \mathcal{X} \subset \mathbb{R}^p$ to output vector $F(x,\theta) \in \mathbb{R}^{p'}$, and is parameterized by a weight vector $\theta$. We require that $F$ is almost everywhere differentiable
with respect to both of its... |
2,869,038,156,709 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Pattern recognition is a task primates are generally very good at
while machines are not so much. Examples are the recognition of human
faces or the recognition of handwritten characters. The scientific
disciplines of machine learning and computational learning theory have
take... |
2,869,038,156,710 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stars form in the molecular clouds with a variety of masses, ranging from high-mass ($>$ 8 M$_\odot$)
to the low-mass upto 0.08 M$_\odot$ and most of the stars emerge as clusters (Lada \& Lada 2003). Despite several observational and theoretical works focusing on the processes involved in the fo... |
2,869,038,156,711 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}\label{sec:maths}
\subfile{sections/02_maths_basic}
\subfile{sections/03_maths_adp}
\subfile{sections/04_maths_safetymod}
\subfile{sections/05_maths_actorcritic}
\subfile{sections/06_maths_ident}
\subfile{sections/07_maths_stability}
\subfile{sections/08_sim}
\subfile{sections/09_conclusion}
\... |
2,869,038,156,712 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An element $a\in R$ is \emph{strongly clean} provided
that it is the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commutes. A
ring $R$ is \emph{strongly clean} provided that every element in
$R$ is strongly clean. A ring $R$ is local if it has only one
maximal right ideal. As is well known, a ring $R$ is... |
2,869,038,156,713 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $K$ be a knot in the $3$-sphere $S^3$
with a tubular neighborhood $N(K)$.
Then the set of \textit{slopes} for $K$
(i.e., $\partial N(K)$-isotopy classes of simple loops on $\partial N(K)$)
is identified with $\mathbb{Q} \cup \{\infty \}$
using preferred meridian-longitude pair so that
... |
2,869,038,156,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Semiconductor lasers with narrow linewidth and wide tunability are of central interest in photonic applications where controlling the optical phase is essential, for instance for microwave photonics ~\cite{marpaung_2019NP}, optical beamforming networks~\cite{zhuang_2010JLT}, co... |
2,869,038,156,715 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quantum information theory is important for the multitude of its promising new applications in such varied fields as quantum communication and teleportation, quantum cryptography, quantum computing, etc. The concept of entanglement also plays crucial roles in black hole thermodynamics \cite{... |
2,869,038,156,716 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to prove the following:
\theorem{0.1} Let $X$ be a complex surface of general type. Then $X$ is
not diffeomorphic to a rational surface.
\endstatement
Using the results from [13], we obtain the following corollary, which settles
a problem raised by Severi:
\corollary... |
2,869,038,156,717 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{S1}
The theory of \emph{integral currents} was born in the 1960's after the work of Federer and Fleming \cite{FF60} out of the desire to solve Plateau's problem. Integral currents were thus introduced to provide a mathematical framework where the existence of orientable surfaces minimizin... |
2,869,038,156,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We start out with a few definitions from group theory.
Let $\pi$ be a group. We say that \emph{$\pi$ splits over the subgroup $B$}
if $\pi$ admits an HNN decomposition with base group $A$ and amalgamating subgroup $B$. More precisely,
$\pi$ splits over the subgroup $B$ if there exists an isomor... |
2,869,038,156,719 | arxiv | \section{Harmonic Einstein equations, unshielded singularities and cosmic censorship}
In this section we consider the mathematical and physical background of unshielded or 'naked' singularities, which are, according to one attempt of definition, singularities located in the causal past of the future null infinity. The ... |
2,869,038,156,720 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The multiplexing capability of a quantum memory recently emerges as an important figure-of-merit in the prospect of long-distance quantum communication
\cite{collins2007multiplexed,SimonQrep}. The straightforward approach is to increase the number of atomic ensembles holding a quantum memory. T... |
2,869,038,156,721 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Trajectory Optimization (TO), such as the ones based on Mixed-Integer Convex Programming (MICP), solves a motion planning problem to generate an optimal trajectory while satisfying constraints.
One of the advantages TO has compared with other planners, such as Sampling-Based Planning (SBP) (e.g.,... |
2,869,038,156,722 | arxiv | \section{ Existence of weak $L^{\infty}-$solutions}
\noindent Let $T >0$ be fixed. For $ \alpha \in (0, 1)$ define the space
$ L^{\infty}([0,T], C^{\alpha}(\mathbb{R}^{d})) $ as
the set of all bounded Borel functions $f : [0,T ] \times \mathbb{R}^{d} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ for which
\[
[f]_{\alpha,T}=\sup... |
2,869,038,156,723 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well established that most massive galaxies host in their centre black holes with masses above $10^6 \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, also known as supermassive black holes (SMBHs) \citep{Magorrian1998, Kormendy2013}. Historically, the first strong indications of their presence were active galactic nuc... |
2,869,038,156,724 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation}
\subsection{Motivation of the Problem}
In recent times, there has been a crisis in the sciences because too many research results are found to lack replicability and reproducibility. Some of this crisis has been attributed to a failure of statistical methods to account for data-d... |
2,869,038,156,725 | arxiv | \section{The Model}
The standard TASEP is a model of particles moving unidirectionally on a one-dimensional discrete lattice with a fixed hopping rate $\gamma$. Steric interaction excludes that more than one particle can occupy the same site, and overtaking is not allowed. The average TASEP current of particles $J$ as... |
2,869,038,156,726 | arxiv | \part{\cal P}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}
\newtheorem{problem}{Problem}
\newtheorem{remark}{Remark}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{proof}{Proof}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\textbf{Relating multiway discrepancy and... |
2,869,038,156,727 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
In recent years, compared with fixed-wing UAVs, multi-rotor UAVs have unique flight capabilities such as vertical takeoff and landing and hovering in the air. It has been widely used in agriculture, industry, military, civil civil applications such as search and rescue~\cite{1,2}, d... |
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