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2,869,038,157,028
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} One of the major goals of the LHC is the study of the properties of the top quark. In this respect single top production processes offer the unique possibility of a direct measurement of the entry $V_{tb}$ of the CKM matrix allowing non trivial tests of the properties of thi...
2,869,038,157,029
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation} Literary fiction attracts large reading audiences both in the United States and internationally. A National Endowment for the Arts survey reveals that, despite a long steady decline in literary reading in the United States, the number of American adults who read at least o...
2,869,038,157,030
arxiv
\section*{Abbreviations} \begin{tabular}{@{}ll} LS&Latin square\\ LSC&Latin Super Cube\\ $d$-LSC&$d$-dimensional Latin Super Cube\\ RBC&remote brick couple \end{tabular} \section{Introduction} The \emph{Hamming distance} between two \mbox{$d$-tuples} is the number of positions at which the corresponding coordinates d...
2,869,038,157,031
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum pumping is a transport mechanism which induces dc charge and spin currents in a nano-scale conductor in the absence of a bias voltage by means of a time-dependent control of some system parameters. Research on quantum pumping has attracted continued interest since its prototypical ...
2,869,038,157,032
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Treewidth, which measures how close a graph is to a tree, is arguably one of the most powerful tools for designing efficient algorithms for graph problems. The application of treewidth is quite wide and the general theory built there often gives a very efficient algorithm (e.g.,~\cite{Bodlaender...
2,869,038,157,033
arxiv
\section{Asymptotic behaviour of elliptic function} Our goal is to construct asymptotic formula for Jacobi elliptic function $\hbox{sn}(t|m)$, when $m\to1-0$, which is uniform for all period of the function. The asymptotic expansions for the elliptic functions, when $m\to1-0$, are given in numerous handbooks, see f...
2,869,038,157,034
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} We are interested in higher dimensional spacetimes for which curvature invariants of all orders vanish (VSI spacetimes), contained within this class are the higher dimensional pp-waves. In general, the higher dimensional VSI spacetimes have Ricci and Weyl type III \cite{Higher}. Howe...
2,869,038,157,035
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the loop quantum gravity field variable is a self-dual connection, instead of the metric, and this new field variable is called the Ashtekar connection ~\cite{a1, a2}. The Wheeler-DeWitt equation is then reformulated in terms of the traces of the holonomies of the Ashtekar connection ...
2,869,038,157,036
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The origin of the emission from the Galactic Center (GC) at keV--TeV energies has been extensively discussed in the literature over last few years. In their recent paper, \citet{Hooper10} claimed that the $\gamma$-ray emission from the Galactic Center region, measured with the \emph{Fermi}\ LAT ...
2,869,038,157,037
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Effective temperature is a fundamental stellar parameter because it defines the physical conditions of the stellar atmosphere and it directly relates to the physical properties of the star: mass, radius and luminosity. Its measurement is essential to determine the evolutionary state of the st...
2,869,038,157,038
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgment} \par We thank Prof. Dr. med. Friedrich Köhler and his team for the provisioning of the dataset and Prof. Dr. med. Alexander Meyer for helping and supporting us in analyzing the dataset. We are grateful to Alexander Acker for the fruitful discussions, Volker Möller for his help with the dataset,...
2,869,038,157,039
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In atomic physics, the mean-field method describing the motion of electrons confined in the three-dimensional spherically symmetric Coulomb potential of the nucleus provides an impressively powerful tool to explain the chemical inertness and special stability of the noble gases. The well-known...
2,869,038,157,040
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \title{\bf Boundary singularities of $N$-harmonic functions \footnote {To appear in{ \it Communications in Partial Differential Equations}} \author{{\bf Rouba Borghol}, {\bf Laurent V\'eron}\\ {\small Department of Mathematics,}\\ {\small University of Tours, FRANCE} \date{} \...
2,869,038,157,041
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) interactions serve as an important probe to test the standard model (SM) and its possible interactions. The reason is that these interactions are forbidden at the tree level within the SM and can occur only via one or more loops. Hence such processes are h...
2,869,038,157,042
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theory of equinormalizable deformations has been initiated by B. Teissier (\cite{Tei1}) in the late 1970's for deformations of reduced curve singularities over $(\c,0)$. It is generalized to higher dimensional base spaces by M. Raynaud and Teissier himself (\cite{Tei2}; some insight i...
2,869,038,157,043
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}% \z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}% {\normalfont\LARGE\bfseries}} \makeatother \makeatletter \def\@seccntformat#1{% \protect\textup{% \protect\@secnumfont \expandafter\protect\csname format#1\endcsname \csname the#1\endcsname \protect\@se...
2,869,038,157,044
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For decades, two dimensional melting\cite{Nelson2002} has been an important subject of research in condensed matter physics both theoretically and experimentally. One of the most important theoretical frameworks was given by Halperin and Nelson\cite{Halperin,Nelson1979}, and Young\cite{Yo...
2,869,038,157,045
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Speaker Verification (SV) is the task of validating the identity of a speaker using the voice sample of the claimant. The tremendous development in SV technology in the last five decades has enabled the system to be deployed in various application areas, starting from voice-based attendance syste...
2,869,038,157,046
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several tasks related to foreign and second language (L2) learning can be partly or entirely automatized with the help of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools. One such task is exercise generation, whose automation offers both self-directed learning opportunities and support for teaching profe...
2,869,038,157,047
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The magnetic dynamics and transport properties in antiferromagnetic materials are essential for the performance of antiferromagnetic spintronic devices, and have been investigated intensively in the past decade~\cite{Baltz18,Hoffmann18}. Among these studies, high efficient spin transmission thro...
2,869,038,157,048
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are harbored at the nuclei of almost all massive galaxies in the present-day universe \citep{Kormendy2013ARA&A..51..511K}. In the bottom-up hierarchical structure formation of the $\Lambda$ cold dark matter (CDM) cosmologies, galaxies were asse...
2,869,038,157,049
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For finite, nonempty subsets $A$ and $B$ of an abelian group $G$, we define their sumset to be $$A+B=\{a+b:\;a\in A,\,b\in B\}.$$ All intervals will be discrete, so $[x,y]=\{z\in\Z:\; x\leq z\leq y\}$ for real numbers $x,\,y\in \R$. More generally, for $d\in G$ and $x,\,y\in \Z$, we let $$[x,y...
2,869,038,157,050
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \newcommand\blfootnote[1]{% \begingroup \renewcommand\thefootnote{\orange{*)}}\footnote{#1}% \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}% \endgroup } \newcommand{{\mathbb Z}}{{\mathbb Z}} \newcommand{{\mathbb Q}}{{\mathbb Q}} ...
2,869,038,157,051
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent research has suggested deep neural networks are dramatically over-parametrized. In natural language processing alone, most state-of-the-art neural networks have computational and memory complexities that scale with the size of the vocabulary. Practitioners have developed numerous methods ...
2,869,038,157,052
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The control of molecular dynamics takes an important role in quantum physics and chemistry because of the variety of its applications, starting from well-established ones such as rotational state-selective excitation of chiral molecules (\cite{perez,sandra}), and going further to applications in...
2,869,038,157,053
arxiv
\section{The pure glueball meson is not necessary} In current opinion the quark-gluon picture \cite{Fri} well describes strong interactions. According to this picture the mesons are built out of quark (q) and antiquark ($\bar{q}$) which are coupled by gluon ($g$) exchange. It is supposed that this picture is va...
2,869,038,157,054
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pathline tracing is a popular technique for flow visualization and analysis, for its ability to depict scientific features in different domains such as aerodynamics and cosmology. \clr{Eulerian and Lagrangian flow simulations generate flow fields in two different formats: mesh-based and particl...
2,869,038,157,055
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Let $(A,{\underline \theta})$ be a complex $g$-dimensional principally polarized abelian variety. This paper is concerned with the set of $n$-torsion points lying on the theta divisors, where $n$ is any fixed integer $\ge 2$. We choose once for all a \emph{symmetric} divisor $\Theta$ re...
2,869,038,157,056
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The accelerating cosmic concordance model (flat $\Lambda$CDM) is in agreement with all the existing observations both at the background and perturbative levels. However, while more data are being gathered, there is an accumulating evidence that a more realistic description beyond the ``precis...
2,869,038,157,057
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pinterest’s mission is to bring everyone the inspiration to create a life they love. Users browse Pinterest to get inspired for their next home decoration project or to stay up to date with the latest fashion and beauty trends. Common feedback we hear from our users is that once they discover a p...
2,869,038,157,058
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The low-energy effective models of the QCD, such as the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model \cite{nambu61} and the linear sigma model (also called chiral quark or quark-meson (QM) model) \cite{gell-mann60} are based on the global chiral symmetry of the QCD. They proved to be very useful in qualitati...
2,869,038,157,059
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The paradigm that has emerged for the production of outflows from active galactic nuclei (AGN) involves the presence of large scale electromagnetic fields which are instrumental in their formation, acceleration and collimation, many gravitational radii from the central supermassive black hole (N...
2,869,038,157,060
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In contrast to most other measurements, the rate of the production of a single top quark in association with a Higgs boson (tH production) is sensitive not only to the magnitude but also to the sign of the Yukawa coupling of the top quark. In this production mode, the single top quark is produc...
2,869,038,157,061
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spectacular new data obtained in the past year or two with HST, Keck and other large telescopes are finally giving substance to the adjective ``few'' in Y.B. Zel'dovich's famous 1977 statement: ``It will only be a few years before the origin and evolution of galaxies is understood.'' A full...
2,869,038,157,062
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Motion planning is a fundamental problem in the field of robotics and control, which aims at finding paths or trajectories to guide mobile robots moving from initial conditions to their respective destinations, while avoiding collisions with obstacles and other robots. One of the most typical ro...
2,869,038,157,063
arxiv
\section{Algorithm} In this section, we present an approximation algorithm for Correlation Clustering with Asymmetric Classification Errors. The algorithm first solves a standard LP relaxation and assigns every edge a length of $x_{uv}$ (see Section~\ref{sec:LP}). Then, one by one it creates new clusters and removes t...
2,869,038,157,064
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:1} Introduction} Basis function learning for sound speed fields (SSFs) has played a vital role in a wide range of acoustic signal processing tasks, such as ocean acoustic tomography \cite{munk2009ocean, zhu2020}, underwater target localization/tracking \cite{li2011time, michalopoulou2021matched}, ...
2,869,038,157,065
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Statistical mechanics gives a general prescription for extracting equilibrium properties from a system Hamiltonian. To this aim, the system partition function should be determined in any of a number of equivalent descriptions (ensembles), a task requiring the evaluation of a complicate multidime...
2,869,038,157,066
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The effect of a tilted potential in periodic systems has been studied for a long time. This is because the linear potential corresponds to a static electric field and the electric-field effects in solids are an important issue in condensed matter physics from both fundamental and application view...
2,869,038,157,067
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of strongly interacting matter at high density regime, i.e., regions whose densities attain some times the nuclear matter saturation density ($\rho_0$), can be performed through the analysis of astrophysical compact objects such as neutron stars (NSs). In the last years, a huge amount ...
2,869,038,157,068
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fact checking has become an increasingly important tool to combat misinformation. Indeed the study of automated fact checking in NLP \cite{vlachos-riedel-2014-fact}, in particular, has yielded a number of valuable insights in recent times. These include task formulations such as matching for dis...
2,869,038,157,069
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Thanks to the pervasive use of technology, we collect volumes of data that are doubling every two years. {\em Big Data analytics} aims at extracting hidden knowledge from the data and take valuable actions, often with the support of {\em artificial intelligence} (AI)~\cite{VENIERIS18}. For examp...
2,869,038,157,070
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{S:intro}} The basic building blocks of the corona of the Sun are coronal loops covering a wide range of temperatures. Their lengths cover a vast range from only a few Mm to a sizable fraction of the solar radius. Loops have been revealed as early as the 1940s in coronagraphic observations \...
2,869,038,157,071
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we discuss a new algorithm for estimating and improving error terms in the asymptotic solution of linear differential systems. We consider systems of the form \begin{equation} Z^\prime(x) = \rho(x) \{ D +R(x) \} Z(x) \;\;\; (a \leq x < \infty),\label{eq:1.1} \end{equation} where...
2,869,038,157,072
arxiv
\section{Hyperbolicity Proof For HASWME} \subsection{Axisymmetric system with radial velocity expanded}\label{ch:hyperbolicityproof(N,0)} \begin{theorem}{}\label{AppendixN0TheoremMatrix} The HASWME system matrix \(A_{HA}^{(N_r,0)} \in \mathbb{R}^{(N_r+3)\times (N_r+3)}\) is given by \begin{equation} A_{HA}^{(N_r...
2,869,038,157,073
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a company that specializes in the further processing of raw materials into various end products, two strategic questions are of particular interest. Firstly, which products should be produced and secondly, which materials should be purchased for them. In this case, different materials can be...
2,869,038,157,074
arxiv
\section{Introduction} New physics (NP), or physics beyond the standard model, involves various models that extend the well verified standard model (SM) of particle physics by introducing a number of new particles with novel properties and interactions. Though various aspects of many of these particles and interaction...
2,869,038,157,075
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:intro} {\it Gaia}, a cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), is ambitious to chart a three-dimensional map of our Galaxy with unprecedented precision. After 22 months of observations, {\it Gaia} delivered its second release ({\it Gaia} DR2) on April 25, 2018 \citep{gaia...
2,869,038,157,076
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Eclipsing binaries and multiple systems play a crucial role in our understanding of the Universe. The eclipsing binaries are being used for precise derivation of the stellar parameters such as radii, masses or luminosities. On the other hand, the multiple systems play an important role in our ca...
2,869,038,157,077
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classical game of \textsc{Fibonacci nim}, as studied by Whinihan in~\cite{Whinihan63}, is played as follows: There is one pile of stones, with $n$ stones in the pile initially, and there are two players who take turns making moves. A move consists of removing some of the stones in the pile,...
2,869,038,157,078
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Introduction and Preliminary}} The main purpose of this article is to present new proofs and their generalizations of the following three theorems concerning the analytic continuation of a biholomorphic mapping on a strongly pseudoconvex analytic real hypersurface. First, we concern Vitushkin's theor...
2,869,038,157,079
arxiv
\section{Introduction} % Over the last decade, machine learning (ML) potentials~\cite{behl-parr07prl,bart+10prl,rupp+12prl} have demonstrated to be a very effective tool to improve the trade-off between accuracy and speed of atomistic simulations, allowing a quantum-level description of interatomic forces at a small f...
2,869,038,157,080
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \heading{Introduction}% Majorana fermions are intriguing objects because they are their own antiparticles. In condensed matter physics, Majorana fermions arise not as elementary particles, but rather as superpositions of electrons and holes forming the zero mode states in topological supe...
2,869,038,157,081
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} An increasing number of information technologies focuses on how web users can effectively share opinions about various types of products, services or even other users. These technologies are the basis of several types of Web 2.0 applications such as collaborative tagging...
2,869,038,157,082
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Chern Simons gauge theories \cite{Deser:1981wh,Deser:1982vy} have a wide class of interesting applications in both high energy and condensed matter physics. In the former case, they appear upon dimensionally reducing finite temperature four dimensional field theories with fermions \cite{Redlich:...
2,869,038,157,083
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With services like Amazon's Elastic MapReduce and Microsoft's HDInsight offering large-scale distributed cloud computing environments, computation in the cloud is becoming increasingly more available. Such services allow for computation on large volumes of data to be performed without the large ...
2,869,038,157,084
arxiv
\section{\label{introduction}Introduction} The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics \cite{Weinberg:1967tq,Glashow:1961tr,Salam:1968rm} has successfully passed the numerous experimental tests performed so far. The recent observation of the Higgs particle \cite{Higgs:1964ia} at the LHC \cite{CMS:2012,ATLAS:2012} al...
2,869,038,157,085
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The exploration of the internal structure of nuclei is a fascinating task, which identifies transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions as one of its most powerful tools. Transverse momentum dependent factorization theorems present a consistent description of double-inclusive processes, s...
2,869,038,157,086
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It is a well-known fact that statistical mechanics systems such as lattice spin models may exhibit critical behavior by undergoing a second order phase transition if some external parameters such as the temperature are opportunely tuned. This is the case, for example, of the la...
2,869,038,157,087
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec_introduction01} \subsection{General introduction} This work studies a flow-constrained randomized shortest paths \cite{Kivimaki-2012,Saerens-2008,Yen-08K} formulation to the relative entropy-regularized, or randomized, optimal transport problem on a graph with multiple inputs and out...
2,869,038,157,088
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Due to their high density, cores of globular clusters serve as excellent laboratories for studying stellar interactions and the resulting changes in stellar populations (\cite{hut92}; \cite{meyl97}). In particular, a small fraction of clusters known as post core collapse (PCC) clusters are char...
2,869,038,157,089
arxiv
\section{Abstract} We address the problem of how to optimally schedule data packets over an unreliable channel in order to minimize the estimation error of a simple-to-implement remote linear estimator using a constant ``Kalman'' gain to track the state of a Gauss Markov process. The remote estimator receives time-stam...
2,869,038,157,090
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Motivated by applications in crowdsourcing and device-to-device (D2D) communication, we consider an online bipartite matching problem over a bipartite graph $G(L\cup R,E)$, where the right vertex set $R$ is known ahead of time, while left vertices of $L$ arrive sequentially in ...
2,869,038,157,091
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The data driven Neural Machine Translation(NMT), which follows the end-to-end framework, has shown its superiority on high-resource languages in recent years ~\citep{sutskever2014sequence, bahdanau2014neural, wu2016google,vaswani2017attention}. Because of the fact that NMT system is highly depen...
2,869,038,157,092
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} Intuitively, when the closed curve defining a Wilson loop operator is uniformly scaled we expect a qualitative change to occur: for small loops the parallel transport matrix round the loop is close to unity while for large loops this matrix should be as far from unity as possible, as a result...
2,869,038,157,093
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries}\label{sec:preliminaries} \subsection{Legendrian and transverse knots} A \emph{Legendrian knot} $L$ in $\R^3$ (or in $S^3=\R^3\cup\{\infty\}$), endowed with the standard contact form $dz-ydx$ is an oriented knot along which the form $dz-ydx$ vanishes identically. Legendrian knots are determine...
2,877,628,088,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \emph{Transactional memory}~\cite{herlihy+93} (TM) is a concurrent programming abstraction that promises scalable performance without programmer pain. The programmer gathers instructions into \emph{transactions}, and the system guarantees that each appears to be performed entirely and instantan...
2,877,628,088,321
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Markov chains play a central role in modern data science algorithms \cite{ching2013markov}, e.g., data assimilation and forecasting, uncertainty quantification, machine learning, stochastic optimization etc. One important scenario is when the mixing properties of Markov chains are used to sample...
2,877,628,088,322
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{ore} than a decade has passed from the initial publication from HP labs \cite{Strukov} that linked Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) characteristics with Chua's definition of memristors \cite{Chua}. The solid-state implementations of memristive technologies led to a sudden i...
2,877,628,088,323
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of a K\"ahler-Einstein metric on a compact complex manifold $M$ has been known since 1970's in the case when $c_1(M) < 0$ by Aubin \cite{aubin76} and Yau \cite{yau78} where the K\"ahler class is the canonical class $K_M$, and in the case when $c_1(M) = 0$ by Yau \cite{yau78} where ...
2,877,628,088,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ultrafast laser-driven sources based on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) produce light pulses over a broad photon energy range from vacuum ultraviolet to X-rays. Favorable properties of this radiation, namely, femto- to attosecond pulse duration, regular wavefront, high temporal and spatial ...
2,877,628,088,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[ width=8cm, height=4.5cm]{fig/background.pdf} \includegraphics[ width=8cm, height=4.5cm]{fig/purpose.pdf} \caption{Motivation of our privacy-preserving system. (a) represents the risk of privacy leakage in current surveillance systems. The p...
2,877,628,088,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Hubble constant $H_0$ is one of the fundamental parameters in cosmology, but there is a tension\footnote{\url{https://github.com/shsuyu/H0LiCOW-public/tree/master/H0_tension_plots} \citep{bonvin_2020}} of $>$4$\sigma$ \citep{Verde:2019ivm} between the early Universe measurements inferred fr...
2,877,628,088,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-1mm} The kernel size of a convolutional layer defines the region from which features are computed, and is a crucial choice in their design. Commonly, small kernels are used almost exclusively and are combined with pooling to model long term dependencies \citep{simonyan2014very, szegedy2...
2,877,628,088,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, a novel theory of dark matter (DM) superfluidity \cite{Berezhiani:2015pia,Berezhiani:2015bqa} was proposed to combine the success of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) \cite{Milgrom:1983ca,Milgrom:1983pn,Milgrom:1983zz} on galactic scales with the triumph of the $\Lambda$ cold dark mat...
2,877,628,088,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction: The Meaning of Structure} Distributed controller design concerns the imposition of architectural constraints on a feedback controller while attempting to stabilize, and possibly optimize, the closed-loop performance of a given system, called the {\em plant}. The problem only arises when the pla...
2,877,628,088,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The area of complex networks \cite{Albert2002,Dorogovtsev2002,Newman2003}, which can be viewed as an intersection between graph theory and statistical mechanics, has been marked by many theoretical advances and relevant applications over the last few years. New concepts such as...
2,877,628,088,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) \cite{bacsar2013orthogonal} is a novel multicarrier technique, which extends the concept of spatial modulation (SM) \cite{mesleh2008spatial} into frequency domain. In OFDM-IM, the subcarriers are partitioned into a series...
2,877,628,088,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Direct and scattered Cherenkov light (CL) is one of the relevant contributions to the uncertainty of the measured flux of fluorescent light (FL) from extensive air showers (EAS). The impact of backscattered CL was noted when modelling the response of several detectors~\cite{EUSO2015},\cite{Auger...
2,877,628,088,333
arxiv
\section{Abstract.} In [\ref{rigid}] authors asked: (open question 2) is the size of USS of a rigid pseudo-Anosov braid is bounded above by some polynomial in the number of strands and the braid length? We answer this question in the negative. \section{Introduction.} The conjugacy problem in the braid group is solve...
2,877,628,088,334
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Symbolic dynamics originated as a tool to investigate various natural and physical phenomena around us. The convenience of symbolic representation and easier computability of the system has attracted attention of several researchers around the globe and the topic has found applications in variou...
2,877,628,088,335
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Attainment of boson and fermion condensates~\cite{bei} of ultracold neutral atoms has presented an unprecedented opportunity to study properties of quantum many-particle systems. {\it Fermionic} atoms in {\it optical lattices}~\cite{greiner02,kohl05} constitute yet another intri...
2,877,628,088,336
arxiv
\section{TMDs and the Light-Cone CQM} In recent years much work has been devoted to study semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), Drell-Yan dilepton production and hadron production in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation as powerful tools to understand the nucleon structure. According to the factorization theorem, t...
2,877,628,088,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Regions of the interstellar medium that are (partly) ionized play an important role in a number of effects \corr{such as pulse dispersion and scattering, and Faraday rotation. } Additionally, ionized parts of the interstellar medium emit radiation through free-free emission and $\mathrm{H}_\alph...
2,877,628,088,338
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{FGV13} the authors constructed via Dirichlet form techniques a reflected distorted Brownian motion in $E:=[0,\infty)^n$, $n\in\mathbb{N}$, with sticky boundary behavior which solves the system of stochastic differential equations \begin{align} \label{sde!} d\mathbf{X}_{t}^i=\mathbbm{1}_{...
2,877,628,088,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \blfootnote{This work was supported by DFG grant {TR 1223/2-1}.} Switched differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) form an important class of switched systems, where the dynamics are not only discontinuous with respect to time, but also the state trajectories are constrained by certain algebraic e...
2,877,628,088,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent strides in quantum computing have made it possible to execute quantum algorithms on real quantum hardware. Contrary to classical computing, efficient quantum circuits are necessary for successful execution due to the decoherence of qubits. If a quantum circuit takes too long to execute, it...
2,877,628,088,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A significant part of materials science is devoted to the problem of finding the electronic structure of a given material. As a result, numerous computational techniques have been developed to study this problem. These techniques can roughly be classified into two kinds: \emph{First-principles} ...
2,877,628,088,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A case-based reasoning (CBR) system solves new queries by retrieving a similar case from the case base (e.g., \cite{aamodt-plaza94,kolodner93,leake96-cbr-overview,mantaras-et-al05,riesbeck-schank89,richter-weber13}). If the solution of the retrieved case does not apply to the query, then an ad...
2,877,628,088,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Private read-update-write (PRUW) \cite{pruw_jpurnal,ourICC,pruw,sparse,rd,dropout,sparseFL1} is the concept of reading data from and writing updates back to specific sections in a data storage system without revealing the section indices or the values of updates to the data storage. Most applica...
2,877,628,088,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the work of Thouless and co-workers \cite{TKNN}, physicists have recognized that the exotic physics encountered in quantum Hall systems \cite{MStone}, and more recently topological insulator materials \cite{Moore, RMPHasan, RMPQi}, is intimately tied to the topological properties of their b...
2,877,628,088,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Non-smooth nonlinear optimization problems of the form \begin{equation*} \minst[x]{f(x)} g(x) = 0,\quad h(x) \ge 0, \tag{NLP} \label{eq:nlp} \end{equation*} where $\Domx\subseteq \mathbb R^n$ is open, the objective $f\in\Cspace^d(\Domx,\mathbb R)$ is a smooth fun...
2,877,628,088,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Theoretical insight into resonant response from optical systems, including photonic-crystalline resonators \cite{Joannopoulos11} and resonant metasurfaces \cite{Yang15}, is of big importance in photonics \cite{Miroshnichenko10, Lalanne18}. Very unfortunately only a few systems generally allow fo...
2,877,628,088,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spatial topology of the Universe is one of the unresolved problems in cosmology. From the recent cosmic microwave background radiation data, the density fraction of the curvature is estimated as $\Omega_k = 0.000 \pm 0.005$ ($95\%$, {\it Planck} TT+lowP+lensing+BAO) \cite{Ade:2015xua}. Becaus...
2,877,628,088,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of localized structures in $(2+1)D$ systems is relevant to the description of supercondutivity phenomena, since they essentially take place in planes \cite{1, Laughlin}. The investigation of the Chern-Simons term in these systems has become more common due the theoretical description o...
2,877,628,088,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The latest cosmological observations suggest that the primordial curvature perturbation $\mathcal{R}$ is nearly Gaussian \cite{Planck:2018jri, Planck:2019kim}, which is in agreement with the predictions of the single-field slow-roll inflation \cite{Maldacena:2002vr}. For future cosmological surv...
2,877,628,088,350
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Properties of non-Hermitian random operators or matrices have attracted recently a considerable attention. Non-Hermitian random Hamiltonians can appear as a result of mapping of a model for flux lines in a $\left( d+1\right)$-dimensional superconductor with line defects in a tilted magnetic fiel...
2,877,628,088,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observations of quiescent X-ray luminosity from accreting neutron star transients has opened a new probe for exploring the physics of the neutron star structure~\cite{2007PhR...442..109L,2007ApJ...660.1424H,2009ApJ...691.1035H,2015MNRAS.447.1598B}. A transiently accreting neutron star ex...
2,877,628,088,352
arxiv
\section*{S1: Atoms on a one-dimensional lattice} \maketitle Here we study the dispersive effect of atoms when they are trapped in a one dimensional optical lattice, as expected for the tapered fiber trap given in the paper. We consider a situation where the atoms are not saturated with few photons $(\frac{\Gamma_...
2,877,628,088,353
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The so-called \emph{gossip problem} is a problem about peer-to-peer information sharing: a number of agents each start with some private information, and the goal is to share this information among all agents, using only peer-to-peer communication channels~\cite{Tijdeman1971:TelephoneProblem}...