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2,869,038,154,128 | arxiv | \section{fdCTMC in PRISM Language}\label{app:prism-lang}
\medskip
\noindent \textit{Extension of PRISM data structures { }} The \code{FDCTMCSimple} class extends the \code{CTMCSimple} class by a vector of objects of type \code{FDEvent} and few methods to work with them (the methods are explained in the corresponding i... |
2,869,038,154,129 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Suppose we want to run numerical simulations of a physical reality described by a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
\begin{equation}\label{eq:LTI}
\dot x(t) = A x(t) + \f(x(t)),\;\;x(0)=x_0\in\R^m,
\end{equation}
where $A\in\R^{m\times m}$, $\f:\R^m\longrightarrow \R^m$. Often... |
2,869,038,154,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A one parameter family $(g(t))_{t\in [-T,0)}$ of Riemannian metrics on a compact manifold $M^n$ is a Ricci flow if it satisfies the evolution equation
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} g(t)=-2\ric(g(t)). \label{rf_eqn}
\end{eqnarray}
If $(g(t))_{t\in [-T,0)}$ can not be extended s... |
2,869,038,154,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Previous Work}
\label{intro}
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is an attempt to study the conflicting objectives among agents playing non-cooperative
games by using Darwinian concepts related to frequency-dependent selection of strategies in a population~\cite{maynard82,weibull95,hofb-sigm-book-... |
2,869,038,154,132 | arxiv | \section*{\refname}}{}{}{}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[squaren]{SIunits}
\usepackage{dcolumn
\usepackage{bm
\usepackage{txfonts} ... |
2,869,038,154,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The application of statistical mechanics ideas and tools to random optimization
problems, initiated in the mid-eighties \cite{Mezard87}, has benefited from a
renewed interest from the discovery of phase transitions in Constraint
Satisfaction Problems (CSP) fifteen years ago. Briefly speaking, on... |
2,869,038,154,134 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The rising of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) techniques has heavily impacted the field of 3D scene modeling and reconstruction in recent years~\cite{mildenhall2020nerf, yu2021pixelnerf, huang2022stylizednerf, kaya2022neural, guo2022fast}. Efficient photo-realistic novel view ge... |
2,869,038,154,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The interior of neutron stars is, to a very good approximation, formed by pure neutron matter \cite{shapiro, glendenning}. At the very initial stages after their formation, these objects are very hot, with temperatures as high as $T \sim 40$ MeV \cite{prakash97}. The Equation o... |
2,869,038,154,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Grand unification theories (GUTs) based on a single gauge
coupling such as $SU(5)$ \cite{GeorgiGlashow} predict the
existence of a topologically stable magnetic monopole which
carries one quantum ($2\pi/e$) of Dirac magnetic charge
\cite{dokos,daniel}. In contrast to the 't Hooft-Polyako... |
2,869,038,154,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
The origin of large (galactic) black holes, present already in the early Universe
has been a long standing puzzle, see {\em e.g.} \cite{GiantBH} for information on
the most recently discovered behemoth black hole, \cite{R0} for a generally accessible
update and overview, and \cite{R1,R2,R3} ... |
2,869,038,154,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Networks are a convenient abstraction in many different areas, such as
social sciences,
biology, and the world wide web.
A common structure in these real-world networks is a community, a group of nodes that are tightly connected and often share other properties, for example, biological function ... |
2,869,038,154,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the past few years the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has demonstrated its remarkable power by exploring the interstellar media (ISM) in galaxies in the reionisation era. In addition to studies of extreme and rare dusty sub-millimetre galaxies at redshifts $z\simeq$5-... |
2,869,038,154,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Reinforcement learning~\cite{Sutton1998} (RL) is a discipline of artificial intelligence seeking to find optimal behavioral policies that enable agents to collect maximal reward while interacting with the environment. A popular RL algorithm is Q-learning \cite{Watkins198... |
2,869,038,154,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Robots are increasingly adopted in industrial environments to carry out dangerous, repetitive, or stressful tasks.
The introduction of robots in production lines has improved a number of key performance indicators, and has addressed a market-driven goods growing demand with quality products \cit... |
2,869,038,154,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last years an essential progress has been
achieved in the investigation
of integrable quantum field theories. Such a success owes much to the fact
that these models are characterized by infinite dimensional Hopf algebra
symmetries, known as affine quantum group symmetries.
These symme... |
2,869,038,154,143 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wikipedia defines a galaxy as ``a gravitationally bound system of
stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.''
Establishing the relative proportions of each is one of the great
challenges of extragalactic astronomy. Hundreds of papers
have been written on the stella... |
2,869,038,154,144 | arxiv | \section{}
Saddle points and the dynamics in their vicinities play crucial roles in chemical reactions.
A saddle point on a multi-dimensional potential energy surface is defined as a stationary point at which the Hessian matrix does not have zero eigenvalues and, at least, one of the eigenvalues is ne... |
2,869,038,154,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of animal movement is fundamental to ecology because it is inherently linked to critical processes that scale from individuals to populations and communities to ecosystems \citep{Hooten::AnimalMovementTelemetryBook}. Rapid technological advancements over the past several decades have g... |
2,869,038,154,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec: introduction}
In 2010, Futorny and and Ovsienko introduced the notion of a Galois order \cite{FO10}, a class of objects
consisting of pairs $(\mathscr{U},\Gamma)$ of an integral domain $\Gamma\subset\mathscr{U}$ an associative
(noncommutative) $\mathbb{C}$-algebra. These pairs general... |
2,869,038,154,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Very few near-Earth objects (NEOs) as small as 1991~VG (about 10~m) have given rise to so much controversy and imaginative conjectures.
Asteroid 1991~VG was the first NEO ever discovered moving in an orbit that is similar to that of the Earth (Scotti \& Marsden 1991).
This element... |
2,869,038,154,148 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The sound event classification (SEC) task consists of identifying a set of sound events in an audio recording \cite{fayek2019sound}. Designing signal processing algorithms to assess and extract this information is a key step in several applications such as multimedia indexing ... |
2,869,038,154,149 | arxiv | \section{The NO$\mathbf{\nu}$A Experiment}
The NuMI\footnote{Neutrinos at the Main Injector} Off-Axis $\nu_e$ Appearence (NO$\nu$A) experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment designed to measure the oscillation parameter $\theta_{13}$ through the observation of muon neutrinos oscillating to electron ... |
2,869,038,154,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a widespread belief that the continuum description of spacetime as provided by general relativity must necessarily break down at very short length scales and/or very high curvatures. A number of very different approaches to an eventual theory of quantum gravity have been presented in t... |
2,869,038,154,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since some time, it has been realized \cite{Turok} that defects (textures)
associated with
the non-trivial winding of massless scalar fields may be of interest even
though they are intrinsically unstable if the winding number is large enough
\cite{Ryden,Borrill,Stefan}. Indeed, it is the fact t... |
2,869,038,154,152 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\normalsize
The Galois Field of two elements, denoted GF(2), is the field
containing 0 (zero) and 1 (one). The operations of
addition and multiplication are defined as follows:
\par
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.4\textwidth}
\centering
\begin{table}[H]
... |
2,869,038,154,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we suppose that $E$ is a nonzero real Banach space with dual $E^*$. In \cite{PARTTWO}, we defined the {\em quasidensity} of a subset of $E \times E^*$. This was actually a special case of the concept of the {\em $r_L$--density} of a subset of a {\em Banach SN space} that had bee... |
2,869,038,154,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\IEEEPARstart{O}{ver} the past few years, various types of streaming platforms in the form of video on demand (VoD), 360-degree streaming, and live streaming services have become dramatically popular. Compared to traditional cable broadcast that users can view on television, video st... |
2,869,038,154,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{Sec:Intro}}
Conventional imaging systems are developed to {\em capture} more data, such as high-resolutions and large field-of-view.
However, to save these captured data, image/video compression methods are immediately applied due to the limited memory and bandwidth.
This ``capturing images... |
2,869,038,154,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Precise non-perturbative calculation in heavy quark physics is one of
the long-standing goals of lattice QCD.
For quantities involving heavy quark, the discretization effect may
become more significant than that in the light quark sector.
With a naive order counting it appears as a power of $am$,... |
2,869,038,154,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We are involved in the research of diameter variations and, as it is rather usual, in such metrological measurements
the knowledge of the absolute value is more complicate.
Only in the studies of stellar evolution the accurate value of the solar diameter has an utilization,
in the hydrodynamical... |
2,869,038,154,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a small and highly urbanized nation like Singapore
dengue outbreaks or epidemics are identified as
``clusters''. A dengue {\bf cluster} or focus of transmission is defined
as at least two confirmed cases, with no recent travel
history, that are located within 200 m of each other
(taken as th... |
2,869,038,154,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The statistical fluctuations of the energy levels and the transition
strengths measured in
highly excited nuclei with excitation energy above
the neutron threshold (several MeV) are
well described by the random matrix theory
\cite{RMT,Porter,Mehta}. For example,
the nearest... |
2,869,038,154,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{patial} multiplexing represents one of the most prominent techniques used for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission systems \cite{ref34}. In general, both linear and non-linear (e.g., maximum likelihood) detectors have been adopted in these systems. For computational... |
2,869,038,154,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1900, Poincar\'e~\cite{Poincare}
published a fundamental result on Lie
algebras that would prove a powerful tool in representation theory:
A Lie algebra embeds into an associative algebra that behaves in
many ways like a polynomial ring.
In 1937, Birkhoff~\cite{Birkhoff}
and Witt~\cite{Wit... |
2,869,038,154,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Machine learning is increasingly recognized as an effective approach for large-scale automated decisions in several domains. However, when ML model is deployed in critical decision-making scenarios such as medical and financial domains, many people are skeptical about its accountability and rel... |
2,869,038,154,163 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Supernova remnants (SNRs) are important for understanding the Galaxy. They heat up the interstellar medium, enrich the environment with heavy elements and accelerate cosmic rays. Almost 300 SNRs are listed in recent catalogs \citep[e.g.,][]{2014BASI...42...47G,2019JApA...40...3... |
2,869,038,154,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{V}{isual} object detection is one of the fundamental tasks in computer vision and various general-purpose detectors~\cite{girshick2014rich,he2014spatial,girshick2015fast,liu2016ssd,redmon2016you,dai2016r,ren2017faster} based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been devised... |
2,869,038,154,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photospheric and corona magnetic field evolution is essential to
the energy build-up and release process of solar eruptions. The
field evolution is closely related to changes of sunspot
structures. It is thus of vital importance to establish the physical
connection between the photospheric magnet... |
2,869,038,154,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, much effort has been devoted toward formulating supersymmetric (SUSY) gauge theories on the lattice.
This has been partially motivated by the theoretical as well as technical challenges associated with the problem, as well as the obvious potential role of SUSY in beyond the stand... |
2,869,038,154,167 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\vspace{-0.35cm}
\subfigtopskip=2pt
\subfigbottomskip=2pt
\subfigcapskip=-5pt
\subfigure[Atrous Conv\cite{dilation}]{
\label{fig:sub_astous}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{fig/astrous.pdf}}
\subfigure[FPN\cite{fpn}]{
\label{... |
2,869,038,154,168 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Diffeomorphism of the spacetime manifold is in itself not a physical symmetry; the physics is determined by the spacetime symmetry in the locally inertial manifold \cite{W}. In this sense we talk of relativistic or nonrelativistic diffeomorphism invariance.
Non relativistic diffeomorphism invar... |
2,869,038,154,169 | arxiv | \section*{Methods Summary}
\footnotesize{
\textbf{Linear Calibration Procedure.} We determine the evanescent optomechanical coupling by displacing the nanostring by a known distance using a piezoelectric element and measuring the resulting frequency shift on the optical resonance. The frequency shift is calibrated via... |
2,869,038,154,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Information processing, both classical and quantum, is ultimately about getting a desired output from a given input. This can be seen as a guessing game, where the aim is formalized as a score function that gives high scores for successful outputs and no scores for unsuccessful... |
2,869,038,154,171 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological surface waves have several important features; namely, they are unidirectional, and they operate in the bulk bandgap of a topologically nontrivial material \cite{18-ozawa2018topological,19-Soljacic2014,23-hasan2010colloquium,25-rechtsman2013photonic,26-chen2014experimental,7-PTI-Note... |
2,869,038,154,172 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dirac delta potentials, also known as point interactions in general, are among the exactly solvable classes of potentials studied from both physical and mathematical points of view. A detailed review and history of the subject together with their mathematically rigorous constructions and s... |
2,869,038,154,173 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we will prove metastability results for the contact process on the configuration model
with a power-law degree distribution, extending the main results of \cite{CD, MVY,MMVY} to the case when the exponent of the power-law is smaller than or equal to $2$.
\vspace{0.2cm}
The contac... |
2,869,038,154,174 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{obots} performing manipulation tasks rely on models of their bodies and their success is largely determined by their accuracy. However, inaccuracies creep in many ways as for example in the assembly process, in mechanical elasticity, or simply because of cheap design of componen... |
2,869,038,154,175 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In what follows, $\mathbb{K}\xspace$ is an exact field, and $\polRing$ denotes the set of
polynomials in $y$ whose coefficients are power series in $x$ over $\field$.
\myparagraph{Problem and main result}
Given a polynomial in $\polRing$, we are interested in computing its po... |
2,869,038,154,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Null hypothesis significance testing has been the default route to establish the validity of scientific claims for generations. Throughout this time, the $p$ value has largely been the tool of choice for measuring the evidence against a null hypothesis. When properly applied an... |
2,869,038,154,177 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{introduction}
\section{Related work}
\label{sec:relwork}
\input{relwork}
\section{Methodology}
\label{sec:methodology}
\input{methodology}
\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}
\input{results}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
\in... |
2,869,038,154,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The observations that we used in this work are first-light data from the new
instrument SPINOR (Spectro-Polarimeter for INfrared and Optical
Regions, \citeNP{SNEP+05a}). Still under development, SPINOR can already be used
for high-resolution full spectro-polarimetry at virtually any combinatio... |
2,869,038,154,179 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and motivation}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Extreme mass ratio inspirals of spinning bodies}
\label{sec:emri}
Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are stellar-mass compact objects (of mass $\mu$) which orbit a massive black hole (mass $M$) and inspiral due to the backreaction of gravitational-... |
2,869,038,154,180 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This study reports the observation of an anomalous muon production in
$p\bar{p}$ interactions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV. The analysis was motivated
by the presence of several inconsistencies that affect or affected the
$b\bar{b}$ production at the Tevatron:
(a) the ratio of the observed $b\b... |
2,869,038,154,181 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The calculus on time-scales initiated by Stefan Hilger in \cite{hil} gives a convenient way to deal with discrete, continuous or mixed processes using a unique formalism. In 2004, this theory was used by M. Bohner \cite{bohn} and R. Hilscher and V. Zeidan \cite{HZ} to develop a {\it calculus of ... |
2,869,038,154,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $D$ be a division ring with the center $F=Z(D)$. For an element $x\in D$, if there exists a positive integer $n_x$ such that $x^{n_x}\in F$ and $x^{m}\notin F$ for any positive integer $m<n_x$ then $x$ is called {\it $n_x$-central}. If $n_x=1$, $x$ is said to be {\it central}. A subgroup $N$ ... |
2,869,038,154,183 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The electronic structure, i.e., the electronic states and their broadening or scattering rate, is arguably the most fundamental property of a solid.
Scattering processes not only affect equilibrium properties but are also essential if a material is driven away from equilibrium. Experimentally, ... |
2,869,038,154,184 | arxiv |
\subsection{Results on ImageNet derivatives}
\input{fig_text/tbl_cifar.tex}
The miniImageNet dataset~\cite{NIPS2016_6385} is a standard benchmark for few-shot learning algorithms for recent works. It consists of 100 classes randomly sampled from the ImageNet; each class contains 600 downsampled images of si... |
2,869,038,154,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Random Matrix Theory in disordered and complex systems: brief overview}
The idea of Wigner \cite{10.2307/1970079} to describe complex physical systems by treating its Hamiltonian matrix as random has found since then a wide variety of applications. One of the main interests a... |
2,869,038,154,186 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Machines increasingly perform tasks once believed the prerogative of biological systems. Yet, advances in automation are mostly limited to large machines such as cars, drones, and industrial robots. The advent of microrobots, artificial objects that convert energy sources such as light or chemi... |
2,869,038,154,187 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) is an automated imaging technique capable of probing structure on the micrometer to nanometer scale. FIB-SEM consists of dual beam instrumentation in which a scanning electron microscope works in combination with high-energy ion beams that ... |
2,869,038,154,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introd}
Our understanding of the cosmological world relies on two fundamental
assumptions: 1) The validity of General Relativity, and 2)
conservation of matter since the Big Bang. Both assumptions yield the
concordance cosmological model (CCM), according to which an
initial i... |
2,869,038,154,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many applied problems require the estimation of a quantity of interest from noisy linear measurements, for instance compressed sensing \cite{candes2006robust,candes2006near,donoho2006compressed,rudelson2005geometric,tsaig2006extensions}, image processing \cite{rudin1992nonlinear,osher1990feature... |
2,869,038,154,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1967, Morikazu Toda introduced a one-dimensional lattice
mechanical system with exponential interactions
nowadays called the Toda lattice \cite{Toda67a}.
Though designed to have a periodic solution written
in terms of elliptic functions \cite{Toda67b},
this nonlinear lattice was soon sho... |
2,869,038,154,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-5pt}
Understanding conversational context and dynamics from an egocentric perspective is vital for creating realistic and useful augmented reality (AR) experiences.
These attributes characterize the interactions of multiple speakers in a given scene with the AR device wearer (i.e., {\i... |
2,869,038,154,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The inverse Gaussian distribution (IGD) \cite{tweedie1957inversegaussian,johnson1970continuous} is widely used in a variety of application areas including reliability and survival analysis \cite{whitmore1975inversegauss,chhikara1977invgausslifetime,bardsley1980inversegauss,chhikara1989inversegau... |
2,869,038,154,193 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is known that a solution of a linear system $y^{\prime}\left( t\right)
=Ay\left( t\right) $, $t\geq0$ has the form $y\left( t\right)
=e^{At}y\left( 0\right) ,$ where exponential matrix $e^{At}$ is also called
fundamental matrix. However, it becomes more complex for seeking a fundam... |
2,869,038,154,194 | arxiv | \section{Superlattice Hamiltonian}\label{sec:continuum}
Here we will outline the details of the Hamiltonian used to describe the graphene superlattice in the continuum limit, the electronic structure of which has been extensively studied \cite{MK14,WPMGF13}.
In the particle-hole basis (which we distinguish from the e... |
2,869,038,154,195 | arxiv | \section{Causal inference with observational studies}
\label{sec::causal-pscore-central}
We focus on the canonical setting of causal inference with observational studies. We assume exchangeability of the units and thus drop the index $i$ for the $i$th unit $(i=1, \ldots, n)$. Let $Z$ denote the binary treatment, $Y$... |
2,869,038,154,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transmission electron microscopy as a tool for both material and life science has recently seen revolutionary developments, driven by new types of electron detectors, computational data analysis, automation, and sample preparation.
Concomitantly, statistics from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and t... |
2,869,038,154,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the Standard Model (minimally extended to include non-zero neutrino
mass) the neutrino magnetic moment is non-zero, but small, and is
given by~\cite{Marciano:1977wx}
\begin{equation}
\mu_\nu\approx 3\times 10^{-19}\left(\frac{m_\nu}{1{\rm eV}}\right)\mu_B,
\label{SM}
\end{equation}
where $m_\... |
2,869,038,154,198 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The use of the topological B-model to explore the gauge theories living on D-branes at singularities has been extremely fruitful in recent years \cite{Wijnholt:2002qz,Herzog:2003dj,Herzog:2004qw,Aspinwall:2004vm,BridgeTStruct,Bergman:2006gv,Bergman:2005kv,Bergman:2005ba}. The fu... |
2,869,038,154,199 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wasserstein distances are metrics between probability distributions that are inspired by the problem of optimal transportation. These distances (and the optimal transport problem) are ubiquitous in mathematics, notably in fluid mechanics, partial differential equations, optimisation, and, of cou... |
2,869,038,154,200 | arxiv | \section{Usefulness of calculating Fourier series in the SEM}
In this note is presented a method, given nodal values
on multidimensional nonconforming spectral elements,
for calculating global Fourier-series coefficients.
This method is ``exact'' in that given the approximation
inherent in the spectral-element method ... |
2,869,038,154,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $A$ be a connected Nakayama algebra without simple projective modules. All modules are left modules of finite length. We denote the number of simple $A$-modules by $n(A)$. Let $\gamma(S)=\tau\soc{P(S)}$ for a simple $A$-module $S$ \cite{R1}, where $P(S)$ is the projective cover of $S$ and $\... |
2,869,038,154,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is known that all analytically solvable
potentials in quantum mechanics have the property of shape
invariance~\cite{gend}. In fact shape invariance is an integrability
condition, however, one should emphasize that shape invariance is
not the most general integrability condition as not all exa... |
2,869,038,154,203 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
Majorana Zero Modes (MZMs) are explored as a promising platform for topological quantum computation \cite{Kitaev2001,Nayak2008,Alicea2012,Beenakker2013,Lutchyn2018}.
As a direct consequence of their nonlocal nature, Majorana-based qubits are, in principle, less susceptible to... |
2,869,038,154,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can factorize a matrix into orthogonal eigenbases and non-negative singular values, serving as an essential step for many matrix operations. Recently in computer vision and deep learning, many approaches integrated the SVD as a meta-layer in the neural net... |
2,869,038,154,205 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For quite a while now, a $7 \sigma$ discrepancy has existed
between the proton rms charge radius (\ensuremath{r_{\mathrm p}}) determined using electrons
and muons.
On the one hand, the value from
laser spectroscopy of the exotic muonic hydrogen atom (\ensuremath{\mu \mathrm{p} }),
\begin{... |
2,869,038,154,206 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{s} one of the core research branches in social network analysis, influence maximization (\textbf{IM}), proposed by Kempe, Kleinberg and Tardos \cite{kempe2003maximizing}, studies the problem of launching information cascades such that the influence can be maximized. Inspired by i... |
2,869,038,154,207 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), low-energy electron holography (LEEH) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) are complimentary imaging techniques to probe the structure and conformation of biomolecules at sub-nm resolution \cite{renaud_cryo-em_2018,longchamp_imaging_201... |
2,869,038,154,208 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\qquad In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in
non-commutative (NC) spaces in connection with string theory. Common to many
of these studies is that the non commutativity stems from the D-brane
physics in the presence of a B-field \cite{SW}. Similar NC structures have
been a... |
2,869,038,154,209 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:introduction}}
Nucleation is a ubiquitous process in nature which has been the subject of
extensive research throughout the last century. Nowadays the most well-known
understanding of the process relies on Gibbs'
work\cite{article:gibbs-seminal-1878-a,article:gibbs-seminal-1878-b,
book:... |
2,869,038,154,210 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
In this note we propose an answer to the following question: Assume that
$M$ is a smooth manifold, $\mathfrak{g}$ an $L_\infty$-algebra and $\alpha$ a flat connection on $M$ with values in $\mathfrak{g}$, i.e.,\ a Maurer--Cartan element of the $L_\infty$-algebra
$\mathfrak{g} \h... |
2,869,038,154,211 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:Introduction}
In technical applications and experiments, it can be assumed that a certain amount of non-condensable gas is present in vapor cavities. In general, gases are dissolved in liquids~\citep{Pollack:1991ue} and are released during pressure reduction by outgassing~\citep{Iben... |
2,869,038,154,212 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\n A group $G$ is called the internal Zappa-Sz\'{e}p product of its two subgroups $H$ and $K$ if $G=HK$ and $H\cap K = \{1\}$. The Zappa-Sz\'{e}p product is a natural generalization of the semidirect product of two groups in which neither of the factor is required to be normal. If $G$ is the in... |
2,869,038,154,213 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\tableofcontents
\section{Introduction}
Symbolic coding of dynamical systems $(X,T)$ in the form of measurable factor maps into shift spaces over finite alphabets $(X,T)\rightarrow (Y,\sigma)\subset (\{1,2,\ldots, a\}^\mathbb{Z},\sigma)$ has played a prominent role in the theory of dynamical s... |
2,869,038,154,214 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Continuous automorphisms of Lie groups were widely studied
\cite{bourgralg,pontr, hewross,fell}, but discontinuous and
non-measurable automorphisms are known substantially less
\cite{bicht,moore,luumn92,lumsb95,lumz2000}. In this work an
explicit direct procedure of a construction of non-meas... |
2,869,038,154,215 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Redshifted observations of the 21-cm spin-flip transition of neutral
hydrogen (H{\sc \,i}) trace the cool component of the gas in distant
galaxies. Since the surface brightness has a $(1+z)^4$ dependence, the
detection of the 21-cm in emission is very difficult at redshifts of
$z\g... |
2,869,038,154,216 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Although helioseismology has long proven to be an invaluable tool for calibrating models of the solar interior, general asteroseismological analysis was previously limited to a few extremely bright or evolved stars \citep{chaplin2013}. With the wide-field, high-precision, \... |
2,869,038,154,217 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nature of very low surface brightness galaxies with large effective radii has been intensely debated in past years. Such objects were discovered in the 80s \citep{Binggeli,impey,Dalcanton}, but with new detailed observations have recently been dubbed "Ultra Diffuse Galaxies" \citep[UDGs;][]{... |
2,869,038,154,218 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Massive stars have supersonic strong winds that sweep-up and heat the gas and dust from the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM),
generating cavities known as wind-blown stellar bubbles. When these stars have a high (supersonic) peculiar velocity with respect to the ISM, the g... |
2,869,038,154,219 | arxiv | \section{Formulae for the phase space integration}
The decay width of the process $Z^0(k) \to B^{(*)}_c(q_3) + b(q_2) + \bar c(q_1)$ is proportional to the following phase space,
\begin{equation}
d\Gamma \propto \frac{(2\pi)^4}{2k^0}\prod\limits_{f = 1}^3 {d^3} {\vec{q}_f} \frac{\delta^4(k - \sum_{f=1}^3 {q_f})} {... |
2,869,038,154,220 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
The study of moduli spaces of vector bundles on curves has a long and beautiful history. The moduli spaces have been central objects in many branches of mathematics, for example, algebraic geometry, differential geometry, mathematical physics, number theory, representatio... |
2,869,038,154,221 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro}
Open quantum systems \cite{Breuer2002,Rotter2015a} form the bridge between the world of unitary, deterministic evolution of closed quantum systems \cite{Polkovnikov2011a}, and the familiar experience of our macroscopic world.
Recently, open quantum systems have received renewe... |
2,869,038,154,222 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
Deep neural networks have achieved great success across a broad range of domains, such as computer vision, speech processing and natural language processing~\cite{2015_CVPR_He,2014_ICASSP_Wiesler,2017_AAAI_Tu}. While their deep and complex structure provides them powerful repre... |
2,869,038,154,223 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Introduction - }
Caloric effects in ferroic materials, where application/removal of external fields (magnetic, electric, or stress) can result in significant temperature changes, potentially allow for the development of clean and energy-efficient cooling technologies~\cite{Faehler_et_al:201... |
2,869,038,154,224 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We study a conjecture by Hans Zassenhaus, which says that the outer derivation algebra ${\rm Out}(\mathfrak{g})$ is {\em solvable} for all simple
modular Lie algebras $\mathfrak{g}$, over an algebraically closed field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic $p>0$.
Zassenhaus posed this conjecture in $193... |
2,869,038,154,225 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A \emph{polytope} $P$ is the convex hull of finitely many points in $\mathbb{R}^d$.
A polytope $P$ is called a lattice (resp. rational) polytope if all vertices are
contained in $\mathbb{Z}^d$ (resp. $\mathbb{Q}^d$). The set of lattice points
in a rational polytope $P$ is im... |
2,869,038,154,226 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Online single object tracking is a fundamental task in computer vision and has many important
applications including intelligent surveillance, autonomous driving, human-machine interaction,
to name a few.
In recent years,
as deep learning matures and large-scale tracking datasets~\cite{DVT-Re... |
2,869,038,154,227 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The chiral phase transition is one of the most fundamental features of QCD.
Lattice field theory has been applied successfully to the study of this
interesting phenomena and the associated symmetries. While traditional
lattice techniques measure the chiral observables in a straightfor... |
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