uuid int64 541B 3,299B | dataset stringclasses 1
value | text stringlengths 1 4.29M |
|---|---|---|
2,877,628,089,854 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:1}
The Hardy operator on the set of the positive integers is given by $I\varphi(n)=\sum_{l=0}^n\varphi(l)$. The problem of characterizing the positive weights
$u,v:{\mathbb N}\to{\mathbb R}^+$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{hardy1}
\|I\varphi\|_{\ell^p(v)}\le C\|\varphi\|_{\ell^p(u)}
\... |
2,877,628,089,855 | arxiv | \section{acknowledgments}
|
2,877,628,089,856 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{introduction}}
The quantum information theory (QIT) and condensed matter physics
share in using the entanglement \cite{Bell}. The main motivation
behind such interest is two folds: On the one hand in QIT the
entanglement is recognized as an essential resource for implementing
some quantum ... |
2,877,628,089,857 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The past few years have witnessed significant progress on various object-level visual recognition tasks, such as object detection \cite{felzenswalb10, fidler13}, object segmentation \cite{Smin12cls, arbelaez2012semantic}, etc. Understanding how different parts of an object are related and where t... |
2,877,628,089,858 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As the intensive EUV radiation from newly formed star(s) ionizes the star-facing surface layer of a molecular cloud, the ionization heating induces a shock which propagates into the cloud, compressing material to form highly condensed core(s). These cores are the potential sites for EUV radiation... |
2,877,628,089,859 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we consider the initial value problem (IVP) for the $L^2$ critical inhomogeneous nonlinear Schr\"odinger (INLS) equation
\begin{equation}
\begin{cases}
i \partial_t u + \Delta u + |x|^{-b} |u|^{\frac{4-2b}{N}}u = 0, \,\,\, x \in \mathbb{R}^N, \,t>0,\\
u(0) = u_0 \in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)... |
2,877,628,089,860 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}%
\IEEEraisesectionheading{\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{loud} computing has facilitated the deployment of systems for big data analytics and Web services. For an efficient exploitation of the cloud computing resources, we can either choose for a specific task~... |
2,877,628,089,861 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The topic of thermodynamic systems in the presence of gravity has
been discussed in many occasions and forms
\cite{1968Lynd1,2003Oppenheim1,2009Campa1}, and has raised
many questions on how to deal with the long-range effects of gravity
in the thermodynamic analysis of systems, where concepts... |
2,877,628,089,862 | arxiv | \section{The effect of applying Hadamard, S and Hadamard gates to $|0 \rangle^{\otimes^n}$}
In this section we want to determine the effect of applying the Hadamard, S and Hadamard gates on quantum state $|0\rangle ^{\otimes^n}$, that is, we want to determine a formula for
\begin{equation}
|\alpha \rangle= H^{\otime... |
2,877,628,089,863 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{S1}
One of the most remarkable twists that the braneworld scenario has
introduced in our view of physics is that the fundamental scale of
gravity could be significantly closer to scales currently accessible
by experiments than previously thought. In the braneworld paradigm,
the standard m... |
2,877,628,089,864 | arxiv | \section{introduction}In literature, there have been various forms of renormalization group equation that describe running behaviors in the framework of field theories. In a sense, the known renormalization group equations could be cast into the following two categories: (a) renormalization group equations derived from... |
2,877,628,089,865 | arxiv | \section*{References}
\noindent
$^1$M. Lesieur, {\it Turbulence in Fluids}, 3rd ed.
(Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997).
\noindent
$^2$T. von K\'{a}rm\'{a}n and L. Howarth, ``On the
statistical theory of isotropic turbulence,'' Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A
{\bf 164}, 192-215 (1938).
\noindent
$^3$S. N. Gurbatov, S. I. Simdyankin,... |
2,877,628,089,866 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}\label{intro}
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
The notion of {\em vertex algebra}, originally introduced by Borcherds \cite{B}, presents a remarkable connection between mathematics and theoretical physics.
The vertex algebra theory led to important breakthroughs in multiple areas such as auto... |
2,877,628,089,867 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Radial expansion is one of the fundamental characteristics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), \change{evident both from}{described in early work} using {\it in situ} measurements \citep[]{Klein:1982,Burlaga:1982,Suess:1988}. \add{It is also clearly occurring based on} the fact t... |
2,877,628,089,868 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Multiple hypothesis testing is both a classical and highly active
research area, dating back (at least) to an initially unpublished 1953
manuscript by Tukey entitled ``The Problem of Multiple
Comparisons''~\cite{tukey1953problem,tukey1994}. Given a large set of null
hypotheses,... |
2,877,628,089,869 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Dark streaks have been observed propagating downhill
on high-latitude dunes on Mars during local springtime.
M\"{o}hlmann and Kereszturi (2010; hereafter MK2010)
have attributed these streaks to the flow
of thin sheets of water (or some other liquid),
and derived a relation between the meas... |
2,877,628,089,870 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work, we provide some mathematical---specifically, operator theoretic---foundational underpinnings to positive operator-valued measures and functions that are integrable with respect to these objects. It is our desire to make connections between quantum information theory and operator th... |
2,877,628,089,871 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
With the observation of gravitational waves of merging black holes~\cite{Abbott:2016blz} and the first direct picture of a black hole shadow in the center of the galaxy M87~\cite{Akiyama:2019cqa}, the possibilities to observe the behavior of gravity in the strong field regime has... |
2,877,628,089,872 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the behavior of solutions to the Cauchy
problem
\begin{equation}
\label{THEWAVEEQ0}
\begin{cases}
\Box w=\mathcal{N}(\partial w), \\
w(0,x)=\Phi_0(x)+\epsilon \phi_0(x), \quad \partial_t w(0,x)= \Phi_1(x)+\epsilon \phi_1(x)
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
in Minkowski space w... |
2,877,628,089,873 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In this paper is to prove the existence of solutions of
\begin{equation}\label{S2E3
\left( \frac{d^{3}H}{d\xi^{3}} + \xi^{2} + a\right) H^{3}=1\,,
\quad a\in\mathbb{R}\,.
\end{equation}
that satisfy the following behaviour
\begin{equation}\label{S2E7
H\sim\frac{1}{|\xi|... |
2,877,628,089,874 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Much of the work in NLP strives to develop systems that are able to perform linguistic tasks similarly to humans. To achieve this goal, one typically provides NLP systems with \emph{human knowledge} about the task at hand. This knowledge can come in the form of linguistic annotations, hand-craft... |
2,877,628,089,875 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we investigate transverse increments and long-range correlations in first passage percolation (FPP) on $\ensuremath{\mathbb{Z}}^2$. Various models of FPP have been considered in the literature, but we will consider the classical model, as introduced by \cite{HammersleyWelsh65}, wh... |
2,877,628,089,876 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A key point of gravitation is that the metric tensor defines neither curvature nor torsion by itself \cite{koba}. As a matter of fact, curvature and torsion require a {\em connection} to be defined, and many different connections, with different curvature and torsion, can be defined on the very ... |
2,877,628,089,877 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
The Cauchy problem of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS):
\begin{equation}
\begin{cases}\label{NLS1}
i \partial_t u + \Delta u = \pm |u|^{p-1}u \\
u\big|_{t = 0} = u_0 \in H^s(\mathbb{R}^d),
\end{cases}
\qquad ( t, x) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^d
\end{equat... |
2,877,628,089,878 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In medical image analysis,
segmentation is undoubtedly one of the most widely researched problems in the literature.
The goal is to identify the structure of interest~(SOI) with pixel level accuracy,
acquiring rich information, such as the position, size, and texture statistics,
to assist cl... |
2,877,628,089,879 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Superalgebras, constructions}
Denote $\NO=\{0,1,2,\dots\}$.
By $K$ denote the ground field of characteristic $\ch K\ne 2$, $\langle S\rangle_K$ a linear span of a subset $S$ in a $K$-vector space.
\subsection{Associative and Lie superalgebras}
Superalgebras appear naturally in physics and... |
2,877,628,089,880 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solid state defect quantum emitters are at the heart of quantum technologies. Quantum information technologies~\cite{Kane1998,Togan2010, Atature2018} and nanoscale sensor applications~\cite{RevModPhys.89.035002, Casola2018, PhysRevApplied.6.034001} require defects with long coherence times. Furt... |
2,877,628,089,881 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Designing and understanding
self-propelling biological or artificial microswimmers
is the basis for the physics of active systems.
Swimming on the microscale is governed by low Reynolds numbers
and requires special propulsion
mechanisms which are effective in the presence of dominating viscou... |
2,877,628,089,882 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently the theoretical understanding of quasielastic (QE) lepton-nucleus
scattering has received renewed attention not only
because of its intrinsic interest but also because reliable calculations
of neutrino-nucleus cross section in the QE domain are essential
when addressing fundamental ne... |
2,877,628,089,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Mathematical expressions are indispensable for describing problems in maths, physics and many other fields. Meanwhile, people have begun to use handwritten mathematical expressions as one natural input mode. However, machine recognition of these handwritten mathematical... |
2,877,628,089,884 | arxiv | \section{Upper Banach density}
Let $\ensuremath{ \mathbf N }$, $\ensuremath{ \mathbf N }_0$, and \ensuremath{\mathbf Z}\ denote, respectively, the sets of positive integers, nonnegative integers, and integers.
Let $|S|$ denote the cardinality of the set $S$.
We define the \emph{interval of integers}
\[
[x,y] = \{n ... |
2,877,628,089,885 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have enabled the systematic of study of the
physical behavior of single DNA molecules confined to nanochannels.\cite{dai2016polymer,%
reisner2012dna} These studies are largely motivated by such diverse applications as DNA sorting,%... |
2,877,628,089,886 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Deep Learning} has gained popularity over the last decade due to its ability to learn data representations in an unsupervised manner and generalize to unseen data samples using hierarchical representations. The most recent and best-known \emph{Deep learning model} is the \emph{Deep Belief N... |
2,877,628,089,887 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sect1}
One of the ongoing debates around the foundations of quantum mechanics is the question to what extent concepts
and properties of classical physics continue to apply to quantum physics.
The results of measurement processes in classical physics simply reflect properties of one or ... |
2,877,628,089,888 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The conformal field theory treatment of quantum spin chains at
positive temperature $T$ deals with systems of size $M$ in the limit
\begin{equation}
M\rightarrow\infty, \qquad T\rightarrow 0,\qquad T M\ {\rm fixed}.
\label{cft limit}
\end{equation}
This limit is discussed in terms of a variabl... |
2,877,628,089,889 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Special Lagrangian submanifolds in Calabi-Yau manifolds were introduced as special classes of minimal submanifolds in \cite{HL}.
Since their importance was pointed out in the context of mirror symmetry in \cite{SYZ}, they have been intensively studied.
As a fundamental tool for constructing ... |
2,877,628,089,890 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newtheorem{dfn}{Definition}[section]
\newtheorem{thm}[dfn]{Theorem}
\newtheorem{lmma}[dfn]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{ppsn}[dfn]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{crlre}[dfn]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{xmpl}[dfn]{Example}
\newtheorem{rmrk}[dfn]{Remark}
\newtheorem{nota}[dfn]{Notation}
\newtheorem{assu}[dfn]{Assumption}
\new... |
2,877,628,089,891 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Separation Logic ($\mathsf{SL}$) \cite{IshtiaqOHearn01,Reynolds02} is
widely used to reason about programs manipulating recursively linked
data structures, being at the core of several industrial-scale static
program analysis techniques
\cite{DBLP:conf/nfm/CalcagnoDDGHLOP15,DBLP:conf/cav/Ber... |
2,877,628,089,892 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The current cosmological paradigm of a flat universe with low matter
density (\omegam) consisting of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) and dark energy
has become established recently through a variety of astronomical
observations, especially the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB),
supernova Hu... |
2,877,628,089,893 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Community detection (CD) has found applications in social, biological, business, and other kinds of networks.
However, CD algorithms suffer from various flaws -- (i) Most existing CD algorithms are heavily dependent on {\em vertex ordering} \cite{good2010}, yielding completely different communit... |
2,877,628,089,894 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the asymptotic limit $n \rightarrow \infty$ of the first discrete Painlev\'e equation (dP$_\mathrm{I}$)
\begin{equation}\label{0:dPI}
w_{n+1}+w_n + w_{n-1} = \frac{\alpha n + \beta}{w_n} + \gamma,
\end{equation}
and apply methods of exponential asymptotics to describe solutions whic... |
2,877,628,089,895 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supermassive black holes of about a billion solar masses have been observed at $z > 6$ \citep{2003AJ....125.1649F,2006AJ....131.1203F,2011Natur.474..616M}. How such massive objects are assembled within a billion years after the Big Bang remains one of the unresolved mysteries in the Universe.
... |
2,877,628,089,896 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Randomized benchmarking (RB)
\cite{Knill:2008fi,Magesan:2011bx,Magesan:2012to,Magesan:2012tn,Epstein:2014oe}
has become a standard method for characterizing
gate error rates in quantum computing. The RB
protocol is simple:
prepare an initial state,
apply a sequence of quantum gates, measure the f... |
2,877,628,089,897 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classical methods of finding solutions to extrapolation, interpolation and filtering problems for stationary stochastic processes and sequences were developed by Kolmogorov (see selected works of Kolmogorov (1992)), Wiener (see the book by Wiener (1966)), Yaglom (see, for example, books... |
2,877,628,089,898 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A microlensing event occurs when a luminous object is temporarily
magnified by a massive body, such as a star or dark matter object,
passing close to the line of sight and acting as a gravitational
lens. \citet{Pac86} advocated searching for microlensing events towards
the Larg... |
2,877,628,089,899 | arxiv | \section{\label{Introduction}Introduction}
The spin up and down states of an electron form the archetypal two-level system in quantum physics and make the electron a natural candidate for realizing a quantum bit. Quantum computing approaches use electrons in both condensed matter and atomic systems, for instance confin... |
2,877,628,089,900 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric models for particle physics have been quite
actively studied for decades,
and they will attract much more attention under the second season
of Large Hadron Collider.
The most famous and successful one is
the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), which is
inde... |
2,877,628,089,901 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Gamma$ be a cofinite discrete subgroup of ${\hbox{PSL}_2( {\mathbb R})} $ and consider the function
\begin{equation}
\Psi_\Gamma(X)=\sum_{N(P)\leq X}\Lambda(P),
\end{equation}
where the sum is over closed geodesics $P$ on ${\Gamma\backslash\mathbb H}$ with norm $N(P)\leq X$, and $\Lambda(P... |
2,877,628,089,902 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{ecognition} of the modulation format of unknown
received signals is an important functionality of intelligent, or
cognitive, radios for both military and civilian applications \cite{Dobre}.
In most practical scenarios, the modulation classification task must
cope with the ... |
2,877,628,089,903 | arxiv | |
2,877,628,089,904 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Of all the generators of Earth-detectable gravitational waves, core collapse supernovae (CCSN) are among the most interesting ones. The waveforms produced by these explosions will produce signals well within Advanced LIGO's \cite{AdvLIGO} sensitivity across a broad range of frequencies, carrying ... |
2,877,628,089,905 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is often the case that adding some randomness to a combinatorial structure can lead to significant positive change. Perhaps the most important example of this and the inspiration for a lot of what has followed, is the seminal result of Spielman and Teng \cite{ST} on the performance of the simp... |
2,877,628,089,906 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of $B$-meson decays, especially the exclusive semileptonic
and two-body nonleptonic decays, presents rich information for testing
and understanding the standard model (SM). In the past two decades, as
the running and upgrading of $B$-factories, a great amount of
experi... |
2,877,628,089,907 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Misinformation is the act of accidentally spreading false or inaccurate information \cite{online2019}. Some cases of Misinformation can be false rumors and pranks. Contrary to this, Disinformation describes the dissemination of malicious content, like, but not limited to, hoaxes, spear-phishing, ... |
2,877,628,089,908 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supermassive Black Hole accretion is affected by the properties of the
accretion flow on a wide range of length scales. Gravity and gas
dynamics play an important role from the gravitational radius out to
much larger distances where the gravitational potential energy of the
gas is comparable to ... |
2,877,628,089,909 | arxiv | \section{Background}\label{Background}
This section
presents some preliminary material on single- and multi-agent RL.
\subsection{Single-agent Reinforcement Learning}
An MDP \cite{puterman2014markov} is a tuple $(S,A,\mathbb{T},\rho_0, R)$.
$S$ is the set of states, $A$ the set of actions,
$\mathbb{T}:S \times A \t... |
2,877,628,089,910 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transition metal oxides form a fascinating class of compounds with interesting electronic, magnetic, and crystallographic structures. The phase diagram of niobium oxide is especially rich, with a large number of reported phases for \ce{Nb2O5}~\cite{kato1975,kato1976,schafer1966}, in addition to \... |
2,877,628,089,911 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For any uncountable cardinal number $\tau$, the Tychonov and the Cantor cubes (denoted by $I^\tau$ and $D^\tau$,
respectively), belong to
the class of main geometric objects in the topology of
non-metrizable compact Hausdorff spaces. The spaces $I^\tau$ (we denote
$I$ the segment $[0,1]$) and $... |
2,877,628,089,912 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Light-harvesting complexes consist of several chromophores mutually
coupled by dipolar interactions residing within a protein scaffold.
Due to their mutual coupling, light-induced excitations on
individual chromophores (sites) can undergo transfer from site to
site. Excitation energy trans... |
2,877,628,089,913 | arxiv | \section{The explicit form of the integrable spin-$S$ zigzag two-leg ladder}
The integrable spin-$S$ two-leg zigzag ladder with a time-reversal breaking interaction is defined
by the lattice Hamiltonian \cite{zvyaginapp}:
\begin{eqnarray}
&& {\cal H} = \sum_n\Big[\theta^2({\cal H}_{n_1,n_1+1} + {\cal H}_{n_2,n_2+1... |
2,877,628,089,914 | arxiv | \section*{ }
\begin{center}
{\large\bf Abstract}
\end{center}
A natural solution to the fermion mass hierarchy problem suggests
the existence of a partially conserved chiral symmetry. We show that
this can lead to a reasonably natural solution to the solar and
atmospheric neutrino problems without fine-tuning or the
ad... |
2,877,628,089,915 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
It has been noted since the seminal work in Refs.\ \cite{barrois,BL}
that the quark-quark interaction in the color antitriplet channel is attractive
and drives a Cooper pairing instability in quark matter in the limit of high
density in which the Fermi energy of the qua... |
2,877,628,089,916 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In atomic physics the term universality refers to phenomena
which are a result of a two-body scattering length $a$ much
larger than the range $R$ of the underlying potential and do not
depend on any further parameters describing the two-body interaction.
The non-relativistic three-body system als... |
2,877,628,089,917 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Direct numerical simulations are crucial to the investigation of a vast array of multiphase flows, such as fuel injection \cite{lefebvre_atomization_2017} and cavitation \cite{boyd_numerical_2019,boyd_numerical_2018, boyd_beamed_2020}, as they are able to provide high-level details that are dif... |
2,877,628,089,918 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-5pt}
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications are widely adopted in the fifth generation multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems due to the massive available bandwidth and tiny wavelength \cite{Rappaport}. While the path loss they incur is a core challenge, it can be mit... |
2,877,628,089,919 | arxiv | \section{Changing culture of the practice of science: before 20th century.}
Science before the turn of the 20th century was practiced by individual researches mostly motivated by the urge to find some "transcendental truths" in natural phenomena. Some of the leading discovers made in the 16th, 17th, 18th, and the 1... |
2,877,628,089,920 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{GKZ}, Gangl, Kaneko and Zagier gave $\mathbb{Q}$-linear
relations among double zeta values of odd indices $\zeta({\rm odd},{\rm odd})$
by using even period polynomials of modular forms for ${\rm SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$.
The purpose of this paper is to generalize their result to colored
multi... |
2,877,628,089,921 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of topologically nontrivial quantum states in condensed matter systems, such as in topological insulators\cite{bernevig2006TI, zhang2009TI, xia2009TI, fu2007TI, fu2007TI2, Teo2008TI, hsieh2008TI, chen2009BiTe}, Dirac semimetals\cite{Young2012dirac,Liu2014Na3Bi, Liu2014Cd3As2, Xu201... |
2,877,628,089,922 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
First and foremost, a very sincere thank you goes to my supervisor Dr. Spiro Karigiannis. I am extremely grateful for his patience and the tremendous amount of time he spent teaching and helping me this summer. I would also like to thank Dr. Shengda Hu, my second reader, for the very useful ... |
2,877,628,089,923 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The surprising existence of short-period ($\sim$4~day) Jupiter-mass
extra-solar planets (termed ``hot Jupiters''), confirmed by radial
velocity measurements in the last decade, has shown us that planetary
systems exist in patterns unlike that of our own Solar System. The class
of hot Jupiter pla... |
2,877,628,089,924 | arxiv | \section{Approach}
\label{sec:approach}
\vspace{-5mm}
Our robot is equipped with a stereo camera that generates a dense map for general environments, however as pointed out before, there are few feature points on the water surface and stereo matching doesn't work on the dynamic surface due to water ripples caused by r... |
2,877,628,089,925 | arxiv | \section{Lepton Flavor Violation}
In the Standard Model (SM), the lepton number of each flavor is separately conserved. However, it is
well known from the neutrino oscillation experiments that lepton flavor
conservation should be violated \cite{superk}. In the framework of R-parity violating (RPV) supersymmetry, the ... |
2,877,628,089,926 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Depending on the surface layer stratification, rolls approximatively aligned with the mean flow can develop in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) into Organised Large Eddies (OLE). Although, this secondary circulation plays a key role in turbulent heat and momentum fluxes~\cite{Zhang20... |
2,877,628,089,927 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with fixed weights are known to be
able to solve
problems of adaptive classification, recognition, and control
\shortcite{Conf:IJCNN-02,Conf:ICNN-96:Feldkamp,Conf:ICNN-97:Feldkamp,IEEE_TNN:1999:Younger,Conf:IJCNN-2001:Lo}.
When the objects t... |
2,877,628,089,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Landau originally derived his celebrated theory of Fermi liquids~\cite{Landau1,*Landau2} assuming that the non-interacting
many-body excited states evolve adiabatically into the fully interacting ones
upon gradually turning on interaction.
The theory was later microscopically derived~\cite{No... |
2,877,628,089,929 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Penrose process (PP) \cite{pen} is one of remarkable physical effects
typical of general relativity and other theories of gravity. Let us suppose
that in a space-time there exists a region (called ergosphere) where the
Killing energy $E$ measured at infinity can be negative. If a partic... |
2,877,628,089,930 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The inflationary cosmology predicts the existence of primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) that stems from quantum fluctuations. Hence, the detection of PGWs gives strong evidence of inflationary cosmology. In particular, if we could observe the quantum nature of PGWs, it would imply a discovery... |
2,877,628,089,931 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
(Ga,Mn)As and related ferromagnetic semiconductors are unique due to
their dilute moment nature and the strong spin-orbit
coupling.\cite{Matsukura:2002_a,Jungwirth:2006_a} Doped with only
$\sim$1-10\% of Mn magnetic moments, the saturation magnetization,
$M_s$, and the magnetic dipole interaction... |
2,877,628,089,932 | arxiv |
\subsection{Benchmark data}
\noindent
We compare our MILP models to a standard formulation of DARP from the literature. For this purpose, we use the basic mathematical model of DARP introduced by \cite{Cordeau2006}. Note that a tighter 2-index formulation is given by \cite{Ropke2007}. However, this comes at the price ... |
2,877,628,089,933 | arxiv | \section{}
Quasars are complex sources, characterized by broad band spectra from radio through optical to X-ray band, with numerous emission and absorption features. This complexity leads to rich diagnostics. However, \citet{bg92} used Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and with this analysis they were able to show ... |
2,877,628,089,934 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Drell--Yan (DY) production of high-energy lepton pairs at the LHC and at its High-Luminosity successor (HL-LHC) is a powerful probe of new physics encapsulated in Effective Field Theory (EFT) operators~\cite{deBlas:2013qqa,Farina:2016rws,Dawson:2018dxp,Ricci:2020xre}. It is particularly sens... |
2,877,628,089,935 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
The universe starts with a nearly uniform distribution of dark matter, and gravity gradually attracts matter to
local density peaks to make virialized halos.
The inhomogeneity of mass density keeps increasing; especially, mass density grows non-linearly in higher-density
regions... |
2,877,628,089,936 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\appsection}[1]{\addtocounter{section}{1}
\setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix \Alph{section}~~#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{{\cal G}}{{\cal G}}
\newcommand{{\mathbb Z}}{{\mathbb Z}}
\newcommand{{\mathbb N}}{{\mathbb N}}
\newcommand\al{\alph... |
2,877,628,089,937 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Designing biological sequences entails searching over vast combinatorial design spaces. Recently, deep sequence generation models trained on large datasets of known, functional sequences have shown promise in generating physically and chemically plausible designs \citep[e.g.][]... |
2,877,628,089,938 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recall that for a profinite group $G$ and a prime number $p$, the Zassenhaus ($p$-)filtration $(G_{(n)})$ of $G$ is defined inductively by
\[
G_{(1)}=G, \quad G_{(n)}=G_{(\lceil n/p\rceil)}^p\prod_{i+j=n}[G_{(i)},G_{(j)}],
\]
where $\lceil n/p \rceil$ is the least integer which is greater than o... |
2,877,628,089,939 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the function $u(x,t): {\mathbb R}^N\times [0,\infty) \to[0,\infty)$ solving the following free boundary problem
\begin{equation}\label{eqn: CLMV}\tag{P-V}
\left \{ \begin{array}{lll}
-\Delta u(x,t) = \lambda(t) & \text{ in }& \{u>0\},\\ \\
\mathcal{V} = F(|Du|)& \t... |
2,877,628,089,940 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The derivation of the chiral Lagrangian of the strong interactions
\cite{gasser} from QCD is still an open question. This Lagrangian
describes the pseudoscalar octet -- the $\pi$'s, $K$'s and the $\eta$
-- in a way that is consistent with the scenario of spontaneously
broken chiral symmetry with... |
2,877,628,089,941 | arxiv |
\subsection*{Acknowledgments}
We would like to thank Ben Poole, Aditya Grover, David Belanger, and Colin Raffel for insightful comments on the draft, Mohammad Norouzi for support and encouragement launching the project, and Jiaming Song for discussions and help running A-NICE-MC.
\part*{Appendix}
\section{Reverse ... |
2,877,628,089,942 | arxiv |
\section{Individuals}
\label{sec:individual}
In the individual scope, no two entities have any initial subjective reputation value of each other and all reputations are based on the work the entities perform. However, once an entity has attained the trust of some other entity, it might propagate this trust value to pe... |
2,877,628,089,943 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Statistical analysis of alignments of large numbers of protein sequences has revealed ``sectors'' of collectively coevolving amino acids in several protein families. Here, we show that selection acting on any functional property of a protein, represented by an additive trait, can give rise to such a... |
2,877,628,089,944 | arxiv |
\subsection{Notation and Problem Definition}
Given the input text sequence $X = [\text{CLS}, x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_L, \text{SEP}]$ with $L$ tokens, a language model $f_{LM}$ produces the contextual word representation $f_{LM}(X) = [h_{\text{CLS}}, h_1, {h}_2, \cdots, {h}_L, h_{\text{SEP}}]$. For a specific downstream... |
2,877,628,089,945 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Detection of spatial patterning is important in many domains, including molecular biology \cite{lee_13}, ecology \cite{stoyan_00} and epidemiology \cite{gartrell_96}. Spatial patterning can be identified by testing whether observed data departs from a model of spatial randomness: For instance,... |
2,877,628,089,946 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of quasiperiodicity we consider in this paper is the one introduced in the area of Text Algorithms by Apostolico and Ehrenfeucht \cite{ApostolicoEhrenfeucht1993TCS} in the following way: ``a
string $w$ is quasiperiodic if there is a second string $u \neq w$
such that every position of... |
2,877,628,089,947 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In this paper, we are concerned with the numerical pricing of financial derivatives. A financial derivative is a contract whose value depends on an underlying asset such as a stock, an interest rate, or a commodity. The trading in financial derivatives has increased tremendously... |
2,877,628,089,948 | arxiv | \section{Major Headings}
\section{Introduction}
The interaction of two nuclei consists of a repulsive Coulomb potential and
an attractive nuclear potential. The overlap of the two potentials produces
a Coulomb barrier. Fusion occurs when the interacting nuclei have sufficient
kinetic energy to overcome the repulsive ba... |
2,877,628,089,949 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The purpose of these notes is to review one of the branches of modern string
theory: the theory of matrix models with the emphasize on their intrinsic
integrable structure. We begin with a brief description of the field and
its place in the closest environement within e... |
2,877,628,089,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
We consider the semi-classical Schr{\"o}dinger operator
\begin{equation}\label{1.1}
P=P(h)=-h^2\Delta +V(x),\,\,x\in{\mathbb R}^n,\end{equation} with the
symbol $p(x,\xi)=\xi^2+V(x).$
If the spectrum of (\ref{1.1}) is discrete near some energy $E$ and
real-valued potential $V$ is smooth th... |
2,877,628,089,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Blockchain technology originated from Bitcoin has been growing rapidly in recent years \cite{b1}. The blockchain leverages cryptographic techniques, distributed ledgers and consensus algorithms to provide a trusted and decentralized service for several applications \cite{b2,b3,b4,b5,b6}. Dependin... |
2,877,628,089,952 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Her X-1 is an extensively-studied accreting X-ray pulsar, discovered with the \textit{UHURU} satellite \citep{tananbaum72}. The pulsar has a low spin period of $1.24$ s and is in a binary system with an orbital period of 1.7 days \citep{leahy14}. Her X-1 was the first accreting neutron star (NS)... |
2,877,628,089,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
About Conway notation of knots the reader can consult the seminal paper by J.~Conway \cite{2}, where this notation is introduced, the paper by A.~Caudron \cite{3}, and books \cite{4,5}. In particular, drawings of all knots up to $n=10$ crossings according to Conway notation, where every knot i... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.