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2,877,628,089,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider decentralized finite-sum minimization over a network of~$n$ nodes, i.e.,
\[
\mathbf{P}:\qquad \min_{\mathbf z\in\mathbb R^p} F(\mathbf{z}) := \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} f_i(\mathbf{z}), \qquad f_i(\mathbf{z}) := \frac{1}{m_i} \sum_{j=1}^{m_i} f_{i,j}(\mathbf{z}),
\]
where each local c... |
2,877,628,089,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\pi_e(x)=x\cdot e$, $x\in\R^2$, $e\in S^1$, denote the orthogonal projection. In 1954 Marstrand \cite{Mar54} proved that, for every $E\subset\R^2$, $\dH E>1$, the set $\pi_e(E)$ has positive Lebesgue measure for almost all $e\in S^1$. In 1968, Kaufman \cite{Kau68} gave a simple alternative ... |
2,877,628,089,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main result of this note deals with a configuration consisting of three distinct points in $\mathbb{Z}^2$ of the form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:triangle}
(a,b), \ (a+m,b+n), \ (a-n,b+m).
\end{equation}
In other words, we are interested in triples of points forming vertices of a right isoscele... |
2,877,628,089,657 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\vspace{-0.1em}
Diffuse galactic emission dominates the $\gamma$-ray\ sky. About
90\% of the total luminosity of the Milky Way galaxy at high energies
comes from the processes in the interstellar medium (ISM). What
can we learn from studies of the diffuse emission? First of all,
the diffuse... |
2,877,628,089,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Human drivers present capabilities to infer other drivers' intentions from a number of observed sources e.g. visual cues, past actions, nearby traffic etc, and act accordingly to improve or maintain stable and safe on-road interactions \cite{underwood2003visual, martens2007famili... |
2,877,628,089,659 | arxiv | \section{}
\label{sec:thermodynamic-limit}
The general result of Guerra and Toninelli
\cite{Guerra-Toninelli-Generalized-SK-2003} implies that the thermodynamic
limit of the local free energy \eqref{eq:as2:local-limiting-free-energy} exists
almost surely and in $L^1$. The following existence of the limiting average ove... |
2,877,628,089,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
``Fast Blue Optical Transients" (FBOTs; \citealt{Drout+14,Arcavi+16,Pursiainen+18,Ho+21b}) are UV-bright supernova(SN)-like explosions of debated origin characterized by UV/optical rise times of only days and peak luminosities up to $\gtrsim 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$. This paper focuses on the mos... |
2,877,628,089,661 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
The general theory of Hopf-Galois extensions can be found in references such as \cite{CS69} and \cite{Sweedler1968} which applies for general extensions of commutative rings. Our focus will be on the case of separable extensions of fields as elucidated in \cite{GreitherPareigis1987}. We give som... |
2,877,628,089,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Inroduction}
Progress in nanolithography and epitaxial techniques has resulted in burgeoning developments in the fabrication of micro-scale optical resonators, known as optical microcavities. If a quality factor of a cavity is sufficiently large, the formation of hybrid light-matter ... |
2,877,628,089,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Since the proposal of the weak measurement by Aharonov, Albert,
and Vaidman (AAV)~\cite{Y.Aharonov-D.Z.Albert-L.Vaidman-1988} in
1988, weak measurements have been investigated by many
researchers.
The idea of weak measurement has been used to resolve
fundamental paradoxes i... |
2,877,628,089,664 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Large scale outflows from AGNs play a vital role in regulating star formation
in galaxies and the growth of the super-massive black holes at their centers
\citep[]{Silk98,King03,Bower06}. Hence detecting different forms of outflows is
essential to understand the AGN feedback. In the QSO spect... |
2,877,628,089,665 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{sections/introduction.tex}
\section{Related work}
\input{sections/relatedwork.tex}
\section{Proposed Method}
\input{sections/method.tex}
\section{Experiments}
\input{sections/experiment.tex}
\section{Conclusions}
\input{sections/conclusions.tex}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtr... |
2,877,628,089,666 | arxiv | \section{ERCQs and SERCQs}\label{sec:ercqs}
\input{Ambiguity/Sections/ercqs}
\section{Introducing FC-CQs}\label{sec:prelims}
\input{Ambiguity/Sections/prelims}
\section{Expressive Power}
\input{Ambiguity/Sections/ExpressivePower}
\section{Decision Problems and Tradeoffs}\label{sec:decProbs}
\input{Ambiguity/Sections/St... |
2,877,628,089,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Turbulent convection driven by buoyancy and subject to background rotation is a phenomenon of great relevance in many physical disciplines, especially in geo- and astrophysics and also in engineering applications.
In a model system of Rayleigh--B\'enard convection (RBC) \citep{Bodenschatz2000, ... |
2,877,628,089,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has been intriguing evidence that different perturbative string
theories might be non-perturbatively equivalent \cite{d,ht,w1,pw}.
In six dimensions, there is a conjectured duality between the heterotic
string
compactified on $T^4$ and the type IIA string compactified on $K3$
\cite{d,ht}.
... |
2,877,628,089,669 | arxiv | \section*{Figure Captions\markboth
{FIGURECAPTIONS}{FIGURECAPTIONS}}\list
{Figure \arabic{enumi}:\hfill}{\settowidth\labelwidth{Figure
999:}
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep\usecounter{enumi}}}
\let\endfigcap\endlist \relax
\def\tablecap{\section*{Table Captions\markbo... |
2,877,628,089,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To distinguish between the single (SD; accretion by a white dwarf (WD) from a late main sequence (MS) or red giant (RG) companion) and double (DD; the spiral-in and merger of two WDs due to gravitational wave radiation emission) degenerate scenario for type Ia supernova (SN Ia) formation, we u... |
2,877,628,089,671 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} High-velocity clouds are \hi structures
characterized by radial velocities which deviate typically by several
hundred km s$^{-1}$ from conventional galactic
rotation (see Wakker \& van Woerden (1997) for a recent review).
Distances remain uncertain for most of the clouds. Distance
l... |
2,877,628,089,672 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $f:Y \to X$ be a morphism of schemes and $\pr_i:Y \times_X Y \to Y$ the natural projection morphisms. For any quasi-coherent sheaf $\mc{F}$
on $Y$, a \emph{covering datum of} $\mc{F}$ is an isomorphism $\phi:\pr_1^*\mc{F} \to \pr_2^*\mc{F}$. If $f$ is faithfully flat and quasi-compact then th... |
2,877,628,089,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The volume of scientific publications is growing at an exponential rate \cite{larsen2010rate}, which makes it impossible to keep up to date with all published papers. Automatic methods enabled by high-performance computing and big data mining algorithms can generate aggregate level insights that ... |
2,877,628,089,674 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
The goal of supervised machine learning is to induce an accurate generalizing function from a set of labeled training instances.
However, most real-world data sets are noisy.
Generally, two types of noise are considered: attribute noise and label noise.
Previous work has fo... |
2,877,628,089,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
Understanding the stringy dynamics of nontrivial spacetime geometries
is an interesting question, especially in the absence of spacetime
supersymmetry. In this case, there typically are geometric
instabilities in the system, often stemming from closed string
tachyons in the theory (s... |
2,877,628,089,676 | arxiv | \section{Low Global Warming Potential and Ozone Depletion Potential gases for Resistive Plate Chambers}
\label{sec:intro}
The Resistive Plate Chambers are gaseous detectors characterized by the uniform electric field generated by two parallel electrode plates of high bulk resistivity \cite{a}. They usually work in aval... |
2,877,628,089,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) of light interacting with matter has had
great successes and has been tested to a high degree of accuracy. As
emphasized not the least by Dirac \cite{Dir63}, Feynman \cite{Fey90},
Jaffe \cite{Jaf07}, and many others, it is strange but apparently true
that QED ... |
2,877,628,089,678 | arxiv | \section{Proofs of Sec.~\ref{sec:analysis}}
\section{Concluding Remarks}
\label{sec:conclude}
In this paper, we study the problem of inferring the fine-grained spatial distribution of certain density data in a region based on the aggregate observations recorded for each of its subregions.
We propose the Constrained S... |
2,877,628,089,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spatiotemporal traffic state data collected from sensors on a highway network can be modeled as a high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system, which mathematically characterizes how traffic variables (e.g., speed, volume, and density) evolve over time.
{A deep understanding of traffic dynamics b... |
2,877,628,089,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stellar flares are stochastic events that occur when a star's magnetic field re-connects, releasing intense radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum \citep{Kowalski2013}. Rocky planets in the habitable zones (HZ) of M-dwarfs (M-Earths) are often subjected to superflares \citep{tarter2007,Ho... |
2,877,628,089,681 | arxiv | \section{The collapse postulate in quantum theory}\label{sec: collapse}
For the sake of simplicity, we will focus on finite-dimensional quantum systems from now on. In this case, we can identify a quantum system $(\mathcal{O},\mathcal{S},P,T)$ (see definition \ref{def: F-system}) with a finite-dimensional Hilbert space... |
2,877,628,089,682 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Humans possess the ability to recognize complex objects rapidly and accurately through the ventral visual stream. In a traditional feed-forward view, the ventral visual stream processes the input stimulus from the primary visual cortex (V1), carries the response through V2 and V4, and finally arr... |
2,877,628,089,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past two decades, the geometric analysis aspects of non-Riemannian manifolds have many achievements. For instances,
the Liouville theorem for harmonic (or super-harmonic) functions have been discovered for Alexandrov spaces
\cite{ZZ2012,HX2014}, graphs \cite{HJL2015}, metric mea... |
2,877,628,089,684 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\noindent
During the last decades, researchers joined efforts to properly compare, quantify and manage
risk. Regulators edict rules for bankers and insurers to improve
their risk management and to avoid crises, not always successfully as illustrated by recent
events. \\
\noindent
Traditionall... |
2,877,628,089,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated successes on various computer vision applications, such as image classification~\cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet,he2016deep},
object detection~\cite{ren2015faster}, semantic segmentation~\cite{gidaris2015object} and video recog... |
2,877,628,089,686 | arxiv | \section{Polariton Excitations in Anisotropic Media}
\vspace{-10 pt}
\noindent
We begin by decomposing the Maxwell equations in terms of a chosen direction in reciprocal space vector ${\bf k}$. Letting
\begin{align}
{\bf w}_{_L} & =\left(\hat{\bf k}\otimes\hat{\bf k}\right){\bf w},\tag{3a}\\
{\bf w}_{_T} & =\left... |
2,877,628,089,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Most people believe that we are now entering a period of precise cosmology: an
inflation follows immediately after the big bang, and about 13.7 billion years
later, we are living in a flat universe suffused with cosmological constant
($\Lambda$) and cosmic webs made up of col... |
2,877,628,089,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section1}
In recent years, problems of navigation and control for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been utilized in various applications, such as wildfire monitoring, target tracking and surveillance, and formation and collision avoidance \cite{Wang_JFI_2018,Motlagh2017,Verginis2017}.... |
2,877,628,089,689 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Prognostics is the study of predicting when a system or a component will no longer perform its intended function. The time between the current measured state and the end-of-life (EOL) is considered the remaining useful life (RUL). Challenges in acquiring RUL from the current state vary depending... |
2,877,628,089,690 | arxiv | \section{The ALICE Collaboration}
\begingroup
\small
\begin{flushleft}
S.~Acharya\Irefn{org139}\And
F.T.-.~Acosta\Irefn{org22}\And
D.~Adamov\'{a}\Irefn{org94}\And
J.~Adolfsson\Irefn{org81}\And
M.M.~Aggarwal\Irefn{org98}\And
G.~Aglieri Rinella\Irefn{org36}\And
M.~Agnello\Irefn{org33}\And
N.~Agrawal\Irefn{org48}\A... |
2,877,628,089,691 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Unipotent blocks are a distinguished set of blocks of the category of finitely generated $\mathbbm{k}G(q)$-modules for $G(q)$ a finite group of Lie type over a ground field $\mathbbm{k}$ of characteristic $\ell$ coprime to $q$. Their definition glances back at geometry of Deligne-Lusztig... |
2,877,628,089,692 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent changes of the law in China and Turkey mean that their current leaders (President Xi Jinping and President Recep Tayyip Erdo\^{g}an respectively) may hold onto their positions indefinitely. Conversely, in other countries the leader may change relatively often; for instance the UK has had ... |
2,877,628,089,693 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $y = \alpha x + \beta$ be a line in the plane. Let $f=f_{\alpha,\beta}$ be the function that returns the fractional part of a $y$-value on this line, i.e.,
\[
f(x) = \alpha x + \beta \mod 1 .
\]
Note that because of the reduction to fractional parts, we can assume $\alpha, \beta \in [0,1)$.... |
2,877,628,089,694 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
District Heating networks are undergoing major changes as technological advances allow a transition to the so called 4th generation of district heating systems in order to play a role in future sustainable energy systems\cite{lund20144th}. To fulfill this potential, district heating networks f... |
2,877,628,089,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The amoeba of a complex hypersurface~$V$ defined in a Reinhardt domain is the image of $V$
in the logarithmic scale. The notion of the amoeba of an algebraic hypersurface, introduced
in~\cite{Gelfand}, plays the fundamental role in the study of zero distributions of
polynomials in $\mathbb{C}^n$... |
2,877,628,089,696 | arxiv | \section*{Nomenclature}
{\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.0}
\noindent\begin{longtable*}{@{}l @{\quad=\quad} l@{}}
$a_x, a_y, a_z$ & body-axis translational acceleration \\
$b_{a_x}, b_{a_y}, b_{a_z}$ & bias of body-axis translational acceleration \\
$b_{p}, b_{q}, b_{r}$ & bias of body-axis rotational velocity \\
$g$ & ... |
2,877,628,089,697 | arxiv |
\section{Interpolation of Physical Quantities of $^3$He-$^4$He Mixture}
\label{interpolation}
In the main text, we use interpolated values of physical quantities of a $^3$He-$^4$He mixture to analyze the experimental data.
In this section, we describe how we interpolate these quantities.
\subsection{Molar ... |
2,877,628,089,698 | arxiv |
\section{\label{sec-0}Introduction}
Dark matter (DM) is the most promising hypothesis proposed to
explain astrophysical and cosmological observations
related to the motion of stars in galaxies \cite{Oort:1932}, the motion
of galaxies in clusters \cite{Zwicky1,Zwicky2,peebles}, structure formation \cite{Klypin:1992s... |
2,877,628,089,699 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main result}
The Riemann zeta-function is defined as
\begin{equation}\label{zeta}
\zeta(s)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^s},\qquad(\Re s>1),
\end{equation}
and the series in (\ref{zeta}) converges absolutely. Let $s=\sigma+it$, where $\sigma$ and $t$ are real. The function $\zeta(s)$, defin... |
2,877,628,089,700 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In clinical testing methods such as blood tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests,
discovering infected patients
from a large population requires significant operating costs.
Because of limitations in
the number of available devices, reagents, and technologists,
a high demand exists for ... |
2,877,628,089,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec-Intro}
The Romanovski-Routh polynomials are defined by the Rodrigues formula
\begin{equation} \label{Eq-RR-Rodrigues}
R_{n}^{(\alpha, \beta)}(x) = \frac{1}{\omega^{(\alpha, \beta)}(x)} \frac{d^{n}}{d x^{n}} \big[\omega^{(\alpha, \beta)}(x) (1+x^2)^{n}\big], \quad n \geq 1,
\en... |
2,877,628,089,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Trend filtering and convex clustering are instances of the general \emph{filtering-clustering problems}, a class of problems that has been widely studied in machine learning and statistics. Examples of trend filtering applications include nonparametric regression~\cite{Kim-2009-Ell1, Ryan-2014-Ad... |
2,877,628,089,703 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
Fix a number field $K$ and an embedding $\bar{\Q}_{\ell'}\hookrightarrow\C$.
The Langlands reciprocity conjecture \cite[$\mathsection2$]{Lan79}
predicts a one-to-one correspondence between the isomorphism classes of
irreducible cuspidal automorphic representations $\... |
2,877,628,089,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Radiative mass generation provides a compelling alternative to the tree-level mechanism of the Standard Model (SM), motivated by the fact that the fermion masses, with the exception of the top quark, are significantly smaller than the scale of electroweak symmetry breaki... |
2,877,628,089,705 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction}
Though modern {\it ab initio} methods based on realistic nuclear forces can give more fundamental understandings of strongly-interacting nuclear systems, calculations with phenomenological or empirical interactions are still popular and useful, particularly for large-scale calc... |
2,877,628,089,706 | arxiv | \section{Summary}
Recent single-dish surveys have established that neutral atomic
hydrogen (H\,{\sc i}) is common in the circumstellar envelopes of
evolved, low-to-intermediate mass stars undergoing mass-loss
(G\'erard \& Le~Bertre 2006 and references therein). The large
extents of the envelopes detected in H\,{\s... |
2,877,628,089,707 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is one of the most
studied models far from equilibrium \cite{derrida,schuetz,cssrev}. It
has been used to describe various problems in many fields of research,
such as biopolymerization and traffic flow. A lot of analytical
results exist, both for o... |
2,877,628,089,708 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, several attempts have been made to extend the well-known uniqueness
results for the Kerr \cite{carter71, robinson75, cc08} and Kerr-Newman black
holes \cite{mazur82, bunting83, costa10} to the previously excluded case of a
degenerate horizon leading to the {\it extremal} Kerr or Kerr-Ne... |
2,877,628,089,709 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Internet is one of the most significant inventions of $20$th century, providing us with numerous benefits. However, around $52$\% of the global population is unconnected and is unable to benefit from its advantages~\cite{ICT2017}. The majority of the unconnected population lives in ... |
2,877,628,089,710 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\else
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\fi
\IEEEPARstart{V}{isualizations} aim to enhance understanding of underlying data by leveraging visual perception, evolved for fast pattern detection and recognition. Understanding the effectiveness of a given visua... |
2,877,628,089,711 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intr}
Let's have an arbitrary resolution graph $\mathcal{T}$ and a generic complex normal surface singularity with resolution $\widetilde{X}$ corresponding to it in the sense explained in \cite{NNA2}.
The authors in \cite{NNA2} investigated the geometric genus and the analytical Poin... |
2,877,628,089,712 | arxiv | \section*{Reviewer}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textit{Physics-informed has at this point a pretty widely accepted meaning where people anticipate seeing a PDE residual penalized somewhere. If I understand correctly - the physics are coming in as a preprocessing of data where you push your data through a preprocessor. Th... |
2,877,628,089,713 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
|
2,877,628,089,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many recent studies have been done on the construction, behavior, and performance of reservoir computers. Two popular reservoir structures are the echo state network (ESN) and the single nonlinear node with delay line~\cite{appeltantetal}. Jaeger provided a mathematical description and analysis... |
2,877,628,089,715 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The following derivation has two main parts. First, Maxwell's
equations are reduced to a set of coupled propagation equations for
degenerate three-wave mixing in quadratic media with less
restriction on the minimum pulse duration th... |
2,877,628,089,716 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The confinement of quarks is a rather mysterious phenomenon of high energy
physics which challenges our understanding of Quantum Field Theory
and provides an ever reviving source of inspiration.
One may distinguish two different confinement mechanisms. The soft one,
which is responsible for the s... |
2,877,628,089,717 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a result of CPT symmetry,
particles and their antiparticles
must have the same mass, lifetime, charge, and magnetic moment.
The (anti)proton is an attractive candidate to test CPT symmetry
by comparing matter--antimatter conjugates in the baryonic sector,
complementary to tests in the lep... |
2,877,628,089,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dark matter (DM) is among the most fundamental ingredients for structure formation in the Universe \cite{structure}.
Although it is widely observed by its gravitational interaction, a direct detection remains elusive.
The nature of DM remains among the most important problems in physics.
Primordi... |
2,877,628,089,719 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\indent The atomic and molecular data are indispensable physical parameters in astrophysics\ \cite{Tennyson2005,Kallman2007} and energy related researches\ \cite{Lindl2004,BooZer2004}.\ In particular, for the atomic ions in various astrophysical environment and laboratory experiments, it is impor... |
2,877,628,089,720 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recently, differentiable programming \citep[e.g.,][]{Innes2019_Zygote_dP} has become a prominent concept in the machine learning community, in particular for deep neural networks. Parameter estimation for the latter has long been conceptualized via backpropagation of gradients ... |
2,877,628,089,721 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Soft robotic technologies have been very effective in grasping tasks \cite{shimoga1996soft,kim2013soft,shintake2018soft}. This is because of their conformability to uneven and unstructured objects and their ability to dissipate impulse forces generated during a grasp \cite{shimoga1996soft}. Thi... |
2,877,628,089,722 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Bass-Serre theory of groups acting on trees appeared in 1968-1971 and changed completely the face of combinatorial group theory. It gave understanding that the main constructions of classical combinatorial group theory can be expressed uniformly as groups acting on trees that allo... |
2,877,628,089,723 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The formation of the solid core of gas giant planets is still an open question in regards to the core accretion model \citep[][]{pollack1996formation}.
The timescale on which a core of critical mass must be formed in order for runaway gas accretion to set in is given by the disk lifetime.
Depend... |
2,877,628,089,724 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a number of motivations for the study of the
behaviour of extended objects ---here we will mainly concentrate on
strings--- at
non-zero temperature $T=\beta^{-1}$ (for a short list of references see
[1-6]).
Perhaps one
of the main reasons for these investigations is connected with the... |
2,877,628,089,725 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric (SUSY) extension of
the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model~\cite{Randall:1999ee,
Altendorfer:2000rr,Gherghetta:2000qt} provides an interesting setup
for the physics beyond the standard model.
For instance, localized wavefunctions in the extra dimension can be
considered as a source of ... |
2,877,628,089,726 | arxiv | \section{How to choose a good ruler}
In this part, I would like to ask the reader to make abstraction of any knowledge about what might be a "good" ruler,
in particular, modern approaches like the wavelength of a particular atomic transition or more antiquated ones like some piece of metal located close to Paris. The p... |
2,877,628,089,727 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
... |
2,877,628,089,728 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The option of
building a photon-photon interaction region
at an $e^{+} e^{-}\;$ linear collider is now taken seriously under consideration.
Based on
the idea of using laser-induced backscattered photons for
inducing high-energy photon collisions,
a $\gamma \gamma\;$ collider (PLC)
gives rise t... |
2,877,628,089,729 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Language models pre-trained on large-scale text corpora achieve state-of-the-art performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks when fine-tuned on a given task~\cite{peters2018deep, radford2018improving, devlin2018bert}.
Language models have been shown to be highly effective in qu... |
2,877,628,089,730 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The term Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a heterogeneous network of physical and virtual objects embedded with electronics, software, sensors and connectivity to enable objects to achieve greater value and service by exchanging data with other connected objects via the internet \cite{cassimal... |
2,877,628,089,731 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
The Kleinmann-Low Nebula in Orion, at a distance of 415~pc
\citep{Menten2007,Kim2008}, is the nearest region in which high mass stars (M
$>8$~$\hbox{M}_\odot$) are forming. Much of the $\sim 10^5$~$\hbox{L}_\odot$\ luminosity
\citep{Werner1976} of the region originates from a ... |
2,877,628,089,732 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cellular systems with large number of base station antennas have been found to be advantageous in mitigating the fading effects of the channel \cite{Marzetta2011}. In the downlink, dense low-powered base stations operating with power in the order of milliwatts have the potential to conserve power... |
2,877,628,089,733 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction in which a diene reacts with a
dienophile to form a cyclic product is a widely used tool in synthetic
chemistry \cite{diels28a, ishihara14a}. In this reaction, two $\rm
\sigma$ bonds and one $\rm \pi$ bond are formed from three $\rm \pi$
bonds with a high... |
2,877,628,089,734 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Multi-robot teams are a viable solution for a variety of applications
that involve distributed or simultaneous tasks, such as
disaster response \cite{erdelj2017wireless},
area exploration \cite{bayat2017environmental},
and search and rescue \cite{goldhoorn2018searching}.
To ... |
2,877,628,089,735 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Residual Network (ResNet) has achieved great success in computer vision tasks since the seminal paper \citep{he2016deep}. Moreover, the ResNet structure has also been extended to natural language processing and achieved the state-of-the-art performance \citep{vaswani20... |
2,877,628,089,736 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Determinantal point processes (DPPs) describe a family of repulsive point processes; they induce probability distributions that favor configurations of points that are far away from each other. DPPs are often split into two categories: discrete and continuous. In the former case, realizations of... |
2,877,628,089,737 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Polynomial optimization problems (POPs) is a major
class of optimization problems in theory and practice.
Quadratic optimizations problems (QOPs) are, in particular, a widely studied subclass of POPs
as they include many important NP-hard combinatorial problems such as
binary QOPs, maximum ... |
2,877,628,089,738 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The real cubic oscillator, \begin{equation} H=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+x^2+x^3,\label{HQR}\end{equation}
has been considered from the very beginnings of quantum mechanics
as one of the simplest operator to study (see, e.g., \cite{DA}). Indeed, it is the simplest model after the two cases of a linear ... |
2,877,628,089,739 | arxiv | \section*{introduction}
Along this paper, $k$ will denote an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Recall that a cochain DG $k$-algebra is a graded $k$-algebra together with a differential of degree $1$, which satisfies the Leibniz rule. Algebras with additional differential structures provide convenient ... |
2,877,628,089,740 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
After the first observation of an exoplanet more than 20 years ago \citep{1995Natur.378..355M}, new methods and observations have revealed several thousands of exoplanets. Within these found planets are two groups of planets that are not harboured in the solar syste... |
2,877,628,089,741 | arxiv |
\section{Results on Synthetic Data Sets}
\noindent\textbf{Effect of the Budget, $B$.} Figure~\ref{fig:budget} illustrates the experimental result on different budgets, $B$, from 110 to 190. In Figure~\ref{subfig:budget_score}, when the budget gets larger from 110 to 170, the diversities of the new ring signatures tha... |
2,877,628,089,742 | arxiv | \section*{Supplementary material}
This Supplement reports technical details of the calculations,
results of the optimization
of geometry and/or spin state, definitions of reaction energies
and convergence checks for the simulation cell size.
\subsection*{Technical details of the calculations}
The convergence with re... |
2,877,628,089,743 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
MAXI J1535-571 is a new Galactic X-ray binary. It is detected on 2017 September 2 simultaneously by MAXI/GSC (Negoro et al. 2017a)
and Swift/BAT (Kennea et al. 2017) at the sky location of R.A.$=15^h 35^m 10^s $, Dec$=-57^\circ 10' 43''$ (Negoro et al. 2017a,b) near
the Galactic plane. After i... |
2,877,628,089,744 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The physical mechanism of the liquid-glass transition remains unclear despite its fundamental and technological importance~\cite{PWAnderson, Angell, Debenedetti, Berthier1}. Binary mixtures of particles, as a widely used model glass-former, play an important role in understanding the microscop... |
2,877,628,089,745 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{tatistical} parametric speech synthesis (SPSS)~\cite{zen09}
is a technique
that aims to generate natural-sounding synthetic speech.
Text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis~\cite{sagisaka88}
is a technique for synthesizing speech from text,
and voice conversion (VC)~\cite{stylianou88}
is a... |
2,877,628,089,746 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.47\textwidth]{figure1.pdf}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Audio-visual event localization aims to temporally localize a given audio-visual event, while audio-visual video parsing task requires to classify and localize all uni-modal and multimodal eve... |
2,877,628,089,747 | arxiv | \chapter{General Relativity on a Ball} \label{ch:ball}
In the previous chapter we have seen which equations the adiabatic solutions we have proposed needs to satisfy and what the action reduces into. However we have not been able to solve the constraint equations explicitly except the case where we take the spatial sli... |
2,877,628,089,748 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Blazars constitute a small subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in which their relativistic jets are pointed towards our line of sight \citep{Blandford1978}. They are well-known for the double-humped appearance of their spectral energy distribution \citep[SED;][]{Urry1995},... |
2,877,628,089,749 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond\cite{PhysRevB.93.035402,Sar2012,PhysRevB.80.041201,PhysRevB.78.094303,PhysRevLett.113.246801},
phosphorous atom impurities in silicon\cite{kane,Pla2012,PhysRevB.71.014401,
:/content/aip/journal/apl/104/9/10.1063/1.4867905,PhysRevB.74.195301,... |
2,877,628,089,750 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec: introduction}
Let $(X, \Delta)$ be a log canonical pair over $\mathbb{C}$, and let $D \geq 0$ be an $\mathbb{R}$-Cartier divisor on $X$. The log canonical threshold of $D$ with respect to $(X, \Delta)$ is defined by
\[
\operatorname{lct}(X, \Delta; D)\coloneqq\sup\{t \in \mathbb{R} \m... |
2,877,628,089,751 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wireless communication systems have been evolving to maximize data
rates for satisfying demands on high speed data and multimedia
services. One of key technologies in next generation communication
systems is a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) method, which
enables to increase spectral... |
2,877,628,089,752 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent discovery of superconducting hydrogen sulfide under high pressure by Drozdov and collaborators\cite{droz1,droz2,droz3}, and remarkably predicted a year earlier by Duan {\it et al},\cite{duan} has reinvigorated the quest for room temperature superconductivity. The predicted structure h... |
2,877,628,089,753 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies are a class of active galactic
nuclei (AGNs).
It is widely recognized that NLSy1 posses a relatively light central
black hole (BH) of $\sim10^6-10^7M_{\odot}$ accreting at a very high
rate near the Eddington limit
\citep[e.g.,][]{2008ApJ...685..801Y}.
Hence... |
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