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2,877,628,090,054
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The presence of ubiquitous small-amplitude propagating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in magnetic waveguides of the solar corona was first observed with the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter (CoMP) \citep[see][]{tomczyk07,tomczyk09}. The observations have inspired a number of recent theoretical...
2,877,628,090,055
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} This paper presents safety critical control for a plant with sector-bounded input uncertainties. There are many applications including autonomous driving, medical or industrial robotics, and aerospace vehicles that require prioritizing safety over performance objectives~\cite{knigh...
2,877,628,090,056
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The symmetric inverse semigroup $\mathcal{IS}_n$, also known as the rook monoid, consists of the partial injective transformations of $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ \cite{Ganyushkin,solomon}. Any element of $\mathcal{IS}_n$ can be represented as an $n\times n$ matrix whose entries are $0$ or $1$, with at mo...
2,877,628,090,057
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Metamaterials are artificial composite materials which possess unusual electromagnetic properties not normally found in natural materials. Electromagnetic properties of nanostructured metamaterials in the optical range are one of the foci of interest in modern electromagnetics. Traditionally, m...
2,877,628,090,058
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Video data is reported to occupy more than 82\% of all consumer Internet traffic~\cite{cisco2020cisco}, and is expected to see the rapid rate of growth in the next few years, especially the high-definition videos and ultra high-definition videos. Therefore, video compression is a key requirement ...
2,877,628,090,059
arxiv
\section{Channel Model} \label{sec:Channel Model} \begin{figure} \centering \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2cm,auto,>=latex] \node at (-5,0) (source) {$W$}; \node [int, right of = source,node distance = 1.4 cm](enc){Enc.}; % \node [sum, right of = enc,node distance = 1.7 cm](enc1){}; % \node [right of =...
2,877,628,090,060
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\noindent Oscillating spatial propagators have been the subject of several studies and carry important information about the underlying physics. Patel~\cite{Patel:1983sc,Patel:1983qc} has argued that many-body correlations among the hadrons produced in heavy-ion collisions may be oscillatory and h...
2,877,628,090,061
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The precise measurement of the binding and unbinding kinetics of single biological bonds has been the ambition of an active and rapidly developing field for over two decades now~\cite{Robert2007}. A multitude of experimental methods to probe bonds at the single-molecule level are currently availa...
2,877,628,090,062
arxiv
\section*{introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The global geometry of a given Hilbert scheme is generally very difficult to study. Recently, the theory of Bridgeland stability has provided a new set of tools to study the geometry of these Hilbert schemes. For instance, the study of the Hilbert scheme of points on su...
2,877,628,090,063
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a polynomial $f(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ with rational coefficients and an integer $a$, we say that $f$ represents $a$ if the diophantine equation \begin{equation} \label{1steqn} f(x_1, \ldots, x_n) = a \end{equation} is soluble in the integers. The {\em representation problem} asks for a...
2,877,628,090,064
arxiv
\section*{Results}\label{results} We describe the dynamics of the \textit{E. coli} TTM by means of a minimal out-of-equilibrium statistical-physics model. We first derive dynamical equations for the currents of DNA segments, mRNAs and ribosomes, incorporating steric effects and using the virial expansion to compute th...
2,877,628,090,065
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, large-scale pre-training has become the new paradigm in the natural language processing (NLP) field. These models have demonstrated surprisingly good generalization abilities and can be applied to different downstream tasks by a simple fine-tuning. Several comprehensive benchmar...
2,877,628,090,066
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ongoing pandemics of COVID-19, has claimed millions of human lives, caused stagnation of the global economy and excessive load on the healthcare systems throughout the world and changed the normal life. Mathematical models of epidemic spreading are important tools for predicting the effec...
2,877,628,090,067
arxiv
\section{BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD} In the nuclear mean-field approach, the energy of the nucleus is computed as the expectation value of a two-body Hamiltonian on a trial wave-function \cite{RingSchuck}. Besides the relativistic approaches\cite{Ring_Rev}, there exists two main families of two-body effective for...
2,877,628,090,068
arxiv
\section{Expected behavior of Bayesian model average on InD/OOD uncertainty quantification} \label{sec:gp_uncertainty} As a motivating example, we consider uncertainty quantification on InD and OOD data using a Bayesian model average, and relate our findings back to the implications presented in \cref{sec:implications...
2,877,628,090,069
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Karamehmedovic2015} Karamehmedovi\'c defines a class of analytic symbols. These symbols are a subspace of the analytic-type symbols in the sense of Tr\`eves \cite{TI}. The aim was to obtain holomorphic mapping properties for the associated operators, and apply them to Calder\'on projecto...
2,877,628,090,070
arxiv
\section{Dual-Band WiFi Fingerprint Map} \section{Recovery of Abnormal Signal} \label{sec:signal_supplement} Refinement of the fingerprint database is needed to mitigate abnormal signal caused due to system noise in the temporary database. In the building, the fluctuation...
2,877,628,090,071
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \centering \subfigure[]{ \includegraphics[width=.3\textwidth]{flower.png} \label{fig:intro:flower} } \subfigure[]{ \includegraphics[width=.3\textwidth]{bunny.png} \label{fig:intro:bunny} } \subfigure[]{ \includegraphics[width=.3\textwidth]...
2,877,628,090,072
arxiv
\section{Conclusions and Future Directions} \label{sec:conclusions} Clustering over Riemannian manifolds plays an important role in the automatic analysis of images and videos~\cite{Turagaetal2011,shirazietal2012}. As discussed before, in general, the existing methods suffer from either poor performance or high comput...
2,877,628,090,073
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Weak gravitational lensing (WL) is a powerful tool in constraining cosmology \citep{Refregier:2003ct,Mandelbaum:2017jpr,Blake:2020mzy,Jullo:2019lgq,Zhang:2007nk}, however, the so-called ``$S_8$ tension'' between WL and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy observations prevent us from us...
2,877,628,090,074
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \label{S:Intr} Let $(\mathcal N_t)_{t\geq 0}$ be an inhomogeneous Poisson process with rate $\lambda_t$ such that $\Lambda(t) = \int_0^t \lambda_s \, {\mathrm d} s < \infty$ for all $t>0$. The epochs of $\mathcal N$, in increasing order, are denoted by $T_i$, $i=1,2,\ldots$, so ...
2,877,628,090,075
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of a SM-like Higgs boson with a mass of about $126~{\rm GeV}$~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa} represents a fundamental step towards a better understanding of the origin of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB). Measuring its couplings with higher precision will be one of the ...
2,877,628,090,076
arxiv
\section{Experimental} Mesas 100$\times $400~\textmu m$^2$ in size with two silver strip electrodes were milled from a Bi-2212 crystal by photolithography and argon milling methods. Figure 1(a) shows an optical microscopy image of the Bi-2212 mesa array. We refer to the two mesas as A1 and A2. Profile measurements usin...
2,877,628,090,077
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fact-checking is an essential part of content moderation pipelines, since it provides ground truth for veracity judgements of a given claim. However, manual fact-checking is slow and expensive, as it requires human expertise. This demand has been already identified by a recent s...
2,877,628,090,078
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recall that (\cite{LinTAF1}, \cite{LinTAF2}) a unital simple separable C*-algebra $A$ is said to be tracially AF, or TAF, if for any finite set $\mathcal F\subseteq A$, any $\varepsilon>0$, and any $a\in A^+\setminus\{0\}$, there is a non-zero finite-dimensional C*-subalgebra $F\subseteq A$ such...
2,877,628,090,079
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} In the standard scheme \cite{EWL, EW} of a quantized version of a non-cooperative game \cite{GoogleScholar}, the players share an entangled state, their strategic moves are local unitary transformations on the state, and the quantum measurement \cite{Peres} generates the players' payoffs. ...
2,877,628,090,080
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One problem with quantum gravity is that we don't know what the theory should compute. In particle physics, the most precise observable is the S-matrix. But this quantity seems ill-suited to cosmology, where the observer is not outside the system, initial states cannot be set up, and experimen...
2,877,628,090,081
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_introduction} \subsection{The RAND Health Insurance Experiment} In the 1970's, the challenge of financing and delivering high-quality and affordable health care to all Americans was at the center of national policy debate. At the time, two central questions were ``How much more medi...
2,877,628,090,082
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In population genetics, extant (present-time) data are usually used for inference of past population genetic processes. The coalescent \citep{King82} is a stochastic process that describes the genealogy of a sample from a single locus back to the last common ancestor. It allows for convenient s...
2,877,628,090,083
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last years, optical microcavities have attracted researcher's attention in both fundamental and applied physics due to their high quality factor (Q) and small mode volumes \cite{Vahala.2003}. Besides applications in sensing \cite{Foreman.2015}, nonlinear optics \cite{Ilchenko.2004}, ligh...
2,877,628,090,084
arxiv
\section{} \maketitle Frustrated magnetic systems attract a lot of interest due to the interplay of frustration and quantum effects which bring about the emergence of many exotic ground states and fractionalized excitations~\cite{Normand,Balents}. The ($S$\,=\,1/2) Heisenberg model on the kagome lattice has a parti...
2,877,628,090,085
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Light-matter systems in which the coherent coupling frequencies exceed the dissipative loss rates are promising elements for solid state quantum information circuits~\cite{Wallraff2004, Kubo2010, Putz2014}. Spin ensembles may couple strongly to electromagnetic modes of a micro...
2,877,628,090,086
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Preliminaries}\label{s1} Let $\left(\mathcal{H}, \left\langle \cdot\mid \cdot\right\rangle \right)$ be a non-trivial complex Hilbert space, and let $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$ denote the $C^*$-algebra of all bounded linear operators on $\mathcal{H}$ with identity $I_{\mathcal{H}}$ (or $I$ if ...
2,877,628,090,087
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Iron based superconductors have been discovered in several families of compounds containing square nets of iron with formal valence near 2+ in tetrahedral coordination. These include the 1111 family based on LaFeAsO \cite{Kamihara2008}, the 122 family based on BaFe$_2$As$_2$ \cite{BaFe2As2-SC}, ...
2,877,628,090,088
arxiv
\section{Detail of Context Entropy Model} \vspace{10pt} The loss function Eqn.~(\ref{eqn:loss}) contains three terms. The second term is the entropy loss of the quantized map $\hat{\mathbf{Z}}$, which is defined as $L_{{\rm{ent}},g}=-\sum \log p(\hat{\mathbf{Z}}^{(g)}| \mathbf{\theta}_g)$ and optimized by the context e...
2,877,628,090,089
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the heavy ion collision (HIC), a non-vanishing chiral charge $N_5$ may be induced through the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly \cite{Adler:1969gk,Bell:1969ts,Smilga:1991xa} due to topologically non-trivial gluon configurations \cite{McLerran:1990de,Shuryak:2002qz} \begin{align} N...
2,877,628,090,090
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hskip 2em Identifying the underlying structure of a data matrix and extracting meaningful information is a crucial problem in data analysis, and most efforts have been focused on manipulating, understanding and interpreting large-scale data matrices. In many cases, matrix factorization meth...
2,877,628,090,091
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Modern observations unambiguously show that the chromosphere of the Sun is very dynamic and inhomogeneous \citep[see the reviews by, e.g.,][]{2001ASPC..223..131S, 2006ASPC..354..259J, 2007ASPC..368...27R, 2009SSRv..144..317W}. The interpretation of chromospheric observation...
2,877,628,090,092
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is widely believed that the cubic nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation (NLS) \begin{equation*} i\partial _{t}\phi =L\phi +\left\vert \phi \right\vert ^{2}\phi \text{ in } \mathbb{R}^{n+1}, \end{equation*} where $L$ is the Laplacian $-\triangle $ or the Hermite operator $-\triangle +\omega ^{2}\...
2,877,628,090,093
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Electron cooling that results when a bunch of electrons overlaps a bunch of ions , with both bunches moving at the same velocity, may be considered to be an intrabeam scattering process. The process is similar to the usual intrabeam scattering, Ref.[1] where the ions scatter from each other...
2,877,628,090,094
arxiv
\section{Introduction} From the latest Planck data \cite{Planck}, it is believed that dark matter makes up for around 27 \% of the energy density of the universe while luminous matter makes up around 4.5 \%, the rest being in the form of Dark Energy. Furthermore, structure formation in the Universe is generally bel...
2,877,628,090,095
arxiv
\section{Introduction}} \label{sec:intro} \input{1_Intro} \section{Template Matching \& Regression on $\mathbb{R}^2$} \label{sec:templateMatchingR2} \input{2_TMR2} \section{\mbox{Template Matching \& Regression on $SE(2)$}} \label{sec:templateMatchingSE2} \input{3_TMSE2} \section{Applications} \label{sec...
2,877,628,090,096
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study the inverse spectral uniqueness on the following scattering problem defined by the perturbation inside $\Omega:=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{3}|\,|x|<R,\,R>0\}$. \begin{eqnarray}\label{1.1} \left\{% \begin{array}{ll} \Delta u(x)+k^2n(x)u(x)=0,\,x\in\mathbb{R}^3,\,\Im k\leq0;\vspace{5...
2,877,628,090,097
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Despite spectacular progress in recent years, the reionization history of the universe remains shrouded in mystery. The high electron scattering optical depth observed by WMAP indicates that reionization may have begun as early as $z\sim 20$ (Kogut et al 2003; Spergel et...
2,877,628,090,098
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-introduction} When fermions are discretized on a d-dimensional lattice they ``double'' producing $2^d$ species for each flavor. In order to remove the unwanted degrees of freedom special care must be taken. For a vector theory, like QCD, two methods have been used to deal with this p...
2,877,628,090,099
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Shared opinions are an important feature in the formation of social groups~\cite{kruglanski2006groups}. It has been shown that clusters of opinions become signifiers of group identity~\cite{Bliuc2007}. In recent studies, public health opinion-groups have been shown to...
2,877,628,090,100
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Neutrino oscillation in the plane wave approximation} The neutrino, a light electrically neutral fermion participating in weak interactions, was suggested by Pauli to save the conservation of energy and momentum in nuclear $\beta$-decays. Since then, three flavors of neutrinos $\nu_...
2,877,628,090,101
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Research works in two-dimensional (2D) materials with different functionalities have been boosted in the last few year. Since the successful synthesis of graphene,\cite{novoselovScience2004} 2D materials have been considered as a new paradigm not only in fundamental studies, like the se...
2,877,628,090,102
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} The Kerr/CFT correspondence was first proposed by studying the near horizon geometry of extreme Kerr black hole (NHEK) \cite{Guica:2008mu}, which has an $SL(2,\mathbb{R})\times U(1)$ isometry group. Following the spirit of \cite{Brown:1986nw}, the asymptotic symmetry gro...
2,877,628,090,103
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, is preparing for an upgrade to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). During this period, the HL-LHC is expected to reach a peak instantaneous luminosity of 7.5$\times10^{34} ...
2,877,628,090,104
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Spectral Unmixing (SU) aims to decompose a hyperspectral image (HI) into its pure spectral components, termed \emph{endmembers} (EMEs), and the proportional \emph{abundances} to which they contribute to the reflectance in each pixel~\cite{Keshava:2002p5667}. Although the intera...
2,877,628,090,105
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The formation of shear bands in elasticity is described by a degenerate operator of elliptic-hyperbolic type~\cite{aifantisMicrostructuralOriginCertain1984,leeConditionsShearBanding1989,bairChapterTenShear2019}. The shear bands that are mathematically obtained in this model are infin...
2,877,628,090,106
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Single electron tunneling (SET) is a salient feature of quantum transport in nanostructures. The SET phenomenon is observed in various systems, e.g. quantum dots in a tunnel contact with metallic electrodes, \cite{Pugla05,Cowre} molecular bridges between the edges of broken metallic wires, \cite...
2,877,628,090,107
arxiv
\section{Ward's Method in Dimension One}\label{section:ward:1d} In this section, we discuss the approximation ratio of Ward's method for inputs $P \subset \mathbb{R}^1$ and show the following theorem. \begin{theorem}\label{thm:OneDimensional} Let $P \subset \mathbb{R}$ be an arbitrary instance that is one-dimens...
2,877,628,090,108
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding the role of quantum fluctuations in frustrated antiferromagnets has been the focus of multiple studies over the last decades.~\cite{Misguich2005,Sachdev2008,Normand2009,Balents2010,Powell2011,Lacroix2010,Savary2017,Zhou2017} These efforts were originally motivated by the res...
2,877,628,090,109
arxiv
\section*{ \textnormal{{{\themysectionnumber}.}\hspace{0.4em}\ {#1}}}\label{#2}} \newcounter{myparnum}[mysectionnumber] \setcounter{myparnum}{0} \newcommand{\mypar}[2]{\refstepcounter{myparnum}{\vspace{\medskipamount}\textbf{{\themyparnum. #1\label{#2}}}\hspace{0.5em}}} \renewcommand{\themyparnum}{{\themysectionnumb...
2,877,628,090,110
arxiv
\section*{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Salt deserts are amongst the most inhospitable places of our planet. Their otherworldly shapes inspire the imagination (e.g. Star Wars desert planet Crait \cite{STARWARS}, or the million tourists annually visiting Death Valley \cite{DEVA}), and are an important drive of climat...
2,877,628,090,111
arxiv
\section{Conclusions and Future work} \label{sec:conclusion} In this paper, we have described a cloud-based service, named CloudMine, which allows multiple data owners to carry out analytics over their joint data in a privacy-preserving manner. The computation is outsourced to a number of independent clouds (or deleg...
2,877,628,090,112
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The sequence of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind $\left\{ T_{n}(z)\right\} _{n=0}^{\infty}$ defined by the recurrence \[ T_{n+1}(z)=2zT_{n}(z)+T_{n-1}(z) \] with $T_{0}(z)=1$ and $T_{1}(z)=z$ forms a sequence of orthogonal polynomials whose zeros are real (i.e., hyperbolic polyno...
2,877,628,090,113
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is a continuation of previous work by the first named author \cite{AriasAbad2019}, where an infinitesimal description of the category of modules over the algebra of singular chains on a Lie group is presented. Our main result is that in the compact case, the correspondence of \cite{Ari...
2,877,628,090,114
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-reflectivity mirrors play an important role in precision optical experiments such as gravitational-wave detectors~\cite{0264-9381-24-2-008, PhysRevD.78.102003}, frequency references~\cite{Ludlow:07,nphoton.2012.217}, and macroscopic quantum measurements~\cite{1367-2630-11-7-073032, Poot2...
2,877,628,090,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The successful fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene have aroused intense interest due to their intriguing electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties.\cite{Novoselov2005, Zhang2005} The gapless nature of graphene, however, presents limitations to their potent...
2,877,628,090,116
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Studies of atomic and molecular gas in the inner Galaxy have revealed strong non-circular motions, which are now understood to be caused mainly by the Galactic bar. Because distances to individual gas clouds are difficult to obtain, these data are commonly presented in \lvplots, which show the d...
2,877,628,090,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the proof of power counting non renormalizability \cite{'tHooft:1974bx} of General Relativity (\textbf{GR}), the scientific community has increasingly accepted the idea that Einstein's theory is an effective field theory \cite{Burgess:2003jk}. Although some candidates for the high energy l...
2,877,628,090,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{H}{aze} is a common phenomenon when the light is absorbed and scattered by the turbid medium. It leads to low visibility and contrast in outdoor scenes. Hazy image can be described using the Atmospheric scattering model, which was firstly proposed in 1976~\cite{Mccartney1977} and...
2,877,628,090,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of our research project is to test the validity of the perturbative QCD approach to multiparticle production in the semihard and soft region; we also wish to study the sensitivity of the physical observables to different aspects included in the theory, like the running of the coupling ...
2,877,628,090,120
arxiv
\section{Asynchronous Effects in Action} \label{sec:applications} We now show some examples of the kinds of programs one can write in \lambdaAEff. Similarly to \autoref{sec:overview:runningexample}, we again allow ourselves access to mutable references, and use generic versions $\tmopoutgen {op} V$ of signals. \...
2,877,628,090,121
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Evoking physical requirements from anomaly cancellations, realistic fermionic spectrum and the appropriate amount ($N = 1$) of Space-time supersymmetry, Candelas {\it et. al} had originally proposed a model for compactification of the superstring, by analyzing the vacuum configurations of th...
2,877,628,090,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Density functional theory (DFT) is a widely used approach enabling \emph{ab initio} calculations of electronic and material properties. Unlike direct approaches to studying quantum systems through the Schr\"odinger equation where the wavefunction is the central...
2,877,628,090,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-dimensional data are ubiquitous in many applications of computer vision, e.g., face clustering \cite{1,2}, image representation and compression \cite{3}, and motion segmentation \cite{4,5}. A union of low-dimensional subspaces can approximate the original high-dimensional data for computatio...
2,877,628,090,124
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Begin the Introduction below the Keywords. The manuscript should not have headers, footers, or page numbers. It should be in a one-column format. References are often noted in the text and cited at the end of the paper. \begin{table}[ht] \caption{Fonts sizes to be used for va...
2,877,628,090,125
arxiv
\subsection*{A. Circular Kernel Generated by Bilinear Interpolation} Define the vanilla $3 \times 3$ convolutional kernel as \begin{equation} {\boldsymbol{K}^{cls}} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{K_0} }&{{K_1}}&{{K_2} }\\ {{K_3}}&{{K_4}}&{{K_5}}\\ {{K_6} }&{{K_7}}&{{K_8} } \end{array}} \right]. \tag{A...
2,877,628,090,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological insulators (TIs) have conducting surface states with a locking between the electron momentum and its spin \cite{Fu2007, Fu2007a,Hsieh2008,Xia2009,Hsieh2009b,Zhang2009,Hasan2010,Brune2012,Tchakov2013}. Besides bearing promise for high temperature spintronic applications \cite{Hsieh2009...
2,877,628,090,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Degraded images are detrimental for high-level vision tasks, such as object detection~\cite{carion2020end} and image segmentation~\cite{chen2021transunet}. Single image desnowing aims to reconstruct the clean image from a snow degraded version, which is challenging due to the complex snow degrad...
2,877,628,090,128
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} \label{sec:conclusion} We defined the Force Path Problem, in which an adversary adds weights to edges in order to make a particular path the shortest between a pair of source and destination nodes. The adversary has a budget, which he/she cannot exceed. We showed that Force Path can be optimized...
2,877,628,090,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, is the only terrestrial planet other than Earth that possesses an intrinsic global magnetic field \citep{ness74,ness75}. The recent MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) missio...
2,877,628,090,130
arxiv
\@startsection{section}{1{\@startsection{section}{1} \z@{-1.4\linespacing\@plus-.5\linespacing}{.8\linespacing} {\normalfont\bfseries\Large}} \def\@startsection{subsection}{2{\@startsection{subsection}{2} \z@{-.8\linespacing\@plus-.3\linespacing}{.5\linespacing\@plus.2\linespacing} {\normalfont\bfseries\large}}...
2,877,628,090,131
arxiv
\section{Credits} This document has been adapted by Roberto Navigli from the instructions for earlier ACL, NAACL and EMNLP proceedings, including those for EMNLP 2020 by Yulan He, ACL 2020 by Steven Bethard, Ryan Cotterrell and Rui Yan, ACL 2019 by Douwe Kiela and Ivan Vuli\'{c}, NAACL 2019 by Stephanie Lukin and Al...
2,877,628,090,132
arxiv
\section{Compression} \label{section:compression} \subsection{Lossless compression} \label{subsec:gzip} We compare the compression performance of \emph{Nephelai} against a conventional lossless compression LZ77-based algorithm, \emph{gzip} \cite{Misra2014}. Gzip can only achieve a 7.5\% compression ratio for Nyq...
2,877,628,090,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The body centered cubic structure (BCC, also known by its Pearson type cI2 and its Strukturbericht symbol A2) forms a crystal lattice in which all sites are equivalent. Many pure metallic elements take this structure, for example W, the crystallographic prototype. Additionally, many metal alloys...
2,877,628,090,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Immuno-fluorescent staining is widely used in biomedical research to visualize particular cellular events by specific molecular markers, such as protein-based immuno-histochemistry (IHC), and DNA/RNA-based in situ hybridization (ISH). Recent advances in multiplexed IHC/ISH tissue imaging techniq...
2,877,628,090,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace*{-0.2cm} \label{sec:intro} Anomaly detection is an important topic in industries \cite{kammerer2019anomaly}, security \cite{griffin2018unexpected} , medical diagnosis \cite{schlegl2017unsupervised}, $etc.$, where there is a need to increase automation for better efficiency. Image analy...
2,877,628,090,136
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0}{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}} \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} \textwidth 164mm \textheight 214mm ...
2,877,628,090,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Where they exist at all, current models for variability of parallel workloads on HPC systems implicitly assume I/O variability follows a normal distribution with the mean and standard deviation the only measure of interest \cite{evans03,kramer03,skinner05,lofstead10,pusukuri12}. An attempt to fi...
2,877,628,090,138
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The area of axiomatic truth theories analyses the concept of truth by studying first-order theories which try to capture various properties of this notion. These theories are formulated as follows: We choose a base theory strong enough to represent syntax (this is typically Peano Arithmetic...
2,877,628,090,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fact that the DAMA's result [Bernabei, 2013] is not confirmed by other Dark Matter searching experiments, such as CDMS, Xenon-10, Xenon-100 or LUX, gave the author an idea that the DAMA signal is due to scattering of a low mass WIMP with proton of hydrogen atom. The hydrogen is present in ...
2,877,628,090,140
arxiv
\section{\label {s1}Introduction} Let $\mathbb R^d\, $ be the $d$-dimensional space of real vectors $x=(x_1,\dots ,x_d)\, $ with scalar product $\langle x,y\rangle =x_1\4y_1+\dots +x_d\4y_d$ and norm $\|x\|= \langle x,x\rangle^{1/2}$. We also denote by $\mathbb R^\infty$ a real separable Hilbert space consisting of al...
2,877,628,090,141
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This work was supported in part by Berkeley Deep Drive (BDD) and ONR PECASE N000141612723. \clearpage \section{Background} \vspace{-0.1 in} This work tackles the problem of learning a latent space that is suitable for planning from high-dimensional observations in POMDPs. We maximize the m...
2,877,628,090,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work, we study the problems of finding maximal independent sets (MIS) and ruling sets in the LOCAL model of distributed computing. In the LOCAL model, each node of the input graph is considered as a computational device and each edge as a communication link. Computation proceeds in synchr...
2,877,628,090,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Multiwavelength observations of galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the past 20 years have extensively shown that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are one of the key ingredients in shaping the evolution of galaxies through cosmic time. In particular, it is now well-est...
2,877,628,090,144
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The theoretical study of two-dimensional (2D) frustrated quantum antiferromagnets has been strongly motivated by the fact that such quantum spin models often describe well the properties of real magnetic materials of great experimental interest. These models have also become of huge current i...
2,877,628,090,145
arxiv
\section{Higher order terms} \label{Hot} Comparing equation (31) to equation (82) of \cite{YahalomSym} it follows that: \beq g^{(2)} (t) = g^{(2)} (0) e^{\frac{t}{\tau}} \label{g2t} \enq Hence: \beq g^{(n)} (t) = g^{(2)} (0) \tau^{2-n} e^{\frac{t}{\tau}} = g^{(2)} (t) \tau^{2-n}, \qquad n>2 \label{gnt} ...
2,877,628,090,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the context of $L^2$-invariants and related fields, infinite amenable groups stand out as a class of groups satisfying strong vanishing results. An infinite amenable has \begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0mm} \item vanishing $L^2$-Betti numbers, see \cite[Corollary 6.75]{Lueck2002}, ...
2,877,628,090,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} It has recently been shown in \cite{typicaldecoding} that human-produced natural English sentences are composed of words which encode information close to the expected information content (i.e., the entropy). Derived from this finding, the authors of \cite{typicaldecoding...
2,877,628,090,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Symmetry is key-ingredient in the description of natural phenomena. The notion of symmetry is an essential feature in several areas of physics. In this context, the well-known Noether's theorem \cite{lanczos2012variational} establishes a connection between symmetry and conservatio...
2,877,628,090,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold. The \emph{conformal class} of $g$ consists of all metrics $\tilde g = e^{2u}g$ for any smooth function $u$. A central theme in conformal geometry is the study of properties that are common to all metrics in the same conformal class, and the understa...
2,877,628,090,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The process by which the chemical composition of a dense core changes as it evolves from a starless to a protostellar stage is not yet well understood (e.g., \citealt{Aikawa2013,Ceccarelli2017,Lefloch2018}). In particular, we do not know whether the prestellar/protostellar transition drives a cl...
2,877,628,090,151
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} The purpose of this article is to study a model of random matrices originating from 2D Euclidean quantum field theory, known as the two-dimensional Yang--Mills measure. This model is defined for a classical compact Lie group and a compact surface endowed with an area measure and ...
2,877,628,090,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:1} Symmetry principles play a fundamental role in quantum field theory, in particular as they tightly constrain the space of possible interactions, and thus they are essential in the determination of universality classes. When dealing with a large number of degrees of freedom the role o...
2,877,628,090,153
arxiv
\section*{To-do list} \section{Introduction} Living cells take in information from their surroundings through myriad \emph{signal transduction} processes. Signal transduction takes many forms: the input signal can be carried by changes in chemical concentration, electrical potential, light intensity, mechanical forc...