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2,877,628,091,254
arxiv
\section{introduction} The observation of the accelerated expansion of the universe \cite{Obs} boosted the studies on an old cosmological problem, namely, cosmological constant problem \cite{Weinberg}. The standard explanation for the accelerated expansion of the universe is a positive definite cosmological consta...
2,877,628,091,255
arxiv
\chapter*{Abstract} \thispagestyle{empty} The flavour puzzle is an open problem both in the Standard Model and in its possible supersymmetric or grand unified extensions. In this thesis, we discuss possible explanations of the origin of fermion mass hierarchies and mixings by the use of non-Abelian discrete flavour sy...
2,877,628,091,256
arxiv
\section{Summary} \subsection{The Problem: High DRAM Latency} \label{sec:problem} Primarily due to its low cost-per-bit, DRAM has long been the choice substrate for architecting main memory subsystems. In fact, DRAM's cost-per-bit has been decreasing at a rapid rate as DRAM process technology scales to integrat...
2,877,628,091,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A central result in the theory of equilibrium black holes in four and higher dimensions is the rigidity theorem~\cite{Hawking:1971vc, Hollands:2006rj, Moncrief:2008mr}. This states that the event horizon of a stationary, rotating, black hole is a Killing horizon with respect to the Killing field ...
2,877,628,091,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In three groundbreaking articles \cite{FreedHopkinsTelemanI:2011, FreedHopkinsTelemanII:2013, FreedHopkinsTelemanIII:2011} Freed, Hopkins and Teleman proved a close connection between the Verlinde algebra of a compact Lie group $G$ and its twisted equivariant $K$-theory, where $G$ acts on itself ...
2,877,628,091,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Casimir force was originally derived by estimating the zero-point energy (vacuum fluctuations) of the electromagnetic field comprised in-between two ideal, perfectly reflecting, semi-infinite metals (two halves of space) separated by distance $d$.\cite{key-1} As it is well-known, it goes lik...
2,877,628,091,260
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Techniques are being developed by several groups to use high energy neutrinos as a probe for the highest energy phenomena observed in the Universe. Neutrinos yield information complementary to that obtained from observations of high energy photons and charged particles since they interact only...
2,877,628,091,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of asymptotic properties lies at the heart of Banach space theory. It is intertwined with other central notions of Banach spaces, e.g., distortion, bounded linear operators, and metric embeddings. There exists a wide plethora of examples that demonstrate deep connections between each of...
2,877,628,091,262
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} A classical result of Thom states that the topological signature of the boundary of a compact manifold with boundary vanishes. Regarding the signature as the index of an elliptic operator, Atiyah and Singer \cite{as} generalized this vanishing to the so-called twisted signatures. The cobordis...
2,877,628,091,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\medskip \par There exists a strong analogy between the properties of black holes and conventional thermodynamical systems \cite{thermo}. In this analogy the entropy of the black hole is directly proportional to the surface area of its event horizon and literature refers to this quantity as th...
2,877,628,091,264
arxiv
\section{Motivation} Many computerized methods for RNA-RNA interaction structure prediction have been developed. Recently, $O(N^6)$ time and $O(N^4)$ space dynamic programming algorithms have become available that compute the partition function of RNA-RNA interaction complexes. However, few of these methods incorporate...
2,877,628,091,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For practical deployment of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), it is important to consider different hardware budgets \cite{dc,han2020ghostnet,han2020model,mobilenetv2}, to name a few, floating point operations (FLOPs), latency, memory footprint and energy consumption. One way to simultaneous...
2,877,628,091,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Verification is a fundamental aspect of modern electronic design. Without a high level of assurance that a circuit design conforms to a particular specification, chip makers stand to lose hundreds of millions of dollars when their product is inevitably recalled. The consequences in the quantum...
2,877,628,091,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} An indispensable step in planet formation is to build planetesimals---super-kilometer objects bound by self-gravity---in protoplanetary disks \citep{Chiang2010, Johansen2014}. One of the compelling pathways to planetesimal formation is the efficient concentration of solids by ...
2,877,628,091,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The computation of residual gas particle (RGP) density profiles in particle accelerators is an essential task to optimize beam pipes and vacuum system design. In the last two decades, some software have been developed \cite{ady2014introduction,rossi2004vasco}. They have been used for most of the ...
2,877,628,091,269
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace*{.4cm} At the beginning of the $20^{th}$ century, the importance of geometry in physical applications has been illuminated by Albert Einstein. He has advocated a new philosophy known as ``The Geometerization Philosophy". This philosophy can be summarized in the following statement:...
2,877,628,091,270
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S:1} Let $D\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ be a bounded domain with a connected smooth boundary $S$, $D':= \mathbb{R}^3\setminus D$, $k^2=const>0$ is the wave number, $\omega>0$ is frequency, the boundary impedance $\zeta=const$, Re $\zeta\ge 0$, $\epsilon>0$ and $\mu>0$ are dielectric and magnetic...
2,877,628,091,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Intelligent personal assistants such as Apple's Siri, Microsoft's Cortana, or Google Now are commonly used for answering questions and task optimization. Many companies are deploying specialized automated assistants, known as Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs), for efficient pr...
2,877,628,091,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} General relativity and the standard model of particle physics depend on a number of independent numerical parameters that determine the strengths of the different forces and the relative masses of all known fundamental particles. There is no theoretical explanation of why they have the values ...
2,877,628,091,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Controlling collisions and scattering has always played an essential role in physics. Thanks to model experiments ranging from collisions of alpha particles with gold foils, conducted more than a century ago \cite{rutherford1911lxxix,geiger1909diffuse}, to high energy collisions between hadrons...
2,877,628,091,274
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nonequilibrium transport in spin-degenerate superconductors has been investigated intensely in the 1970s and 80s \cite{langenberg1986}. In the spin-degenerate case, the nonequilibrium distribution function is characterized by the two-fold particle-hole degree of freedom, described by a ``longitu...
2,877,628,091,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction to CCO Pulsars} The discovery in recent years of many isolated neutron stars (NSs) at the centers of supernova remnants (SNRs) confirms the long-held notion that these ultra-dense stellar remnants are born in supernova explosions \cite{baa34}. Most NSs are identified as pulsars, whose emission d...
2,877,628,091,276
arxiv
\section{Concluding remarks} \label{chap:conclusion} In this paper, we propose a decentralized online algorithm for optimizing convex and monotone continuous DR-submodular functions with regret and $\parenthese{1-\frac{1}{e}}$-regret bound of $O(T^{4/5})$. The extension of the algorithm to the bandit setting ensure...
2,877,628,091,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{definition} Let $M^n$ and $P^{n+k}$ be smooth manifolds and $f:M^n \to P^{n+k}$ a smooth ($\mathcal C^\infty$-) map. $f$ is called a \emph{corank $1$ map} if $\rk df_x \geq n-1$ for all $x \in M^n$. A stable corank $1$ map is called a \emph{Morin map}. \end{definition} \begin{defin...
2,877,628,091,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Felix Klein's Ping Pong Lemma is a widely used criterion for determining if a collection of group elements generate a non-abelian free subgroup and more generally, for constructing subgroups which are non-trivial free products. In this paper, we employ the ping pong lemma in the setting of ...
2,877,628,091,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $S = \mathbb{K}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over $\mathbb{K}$. Computing and finding bounds for the depth (or equivalently, projective dimension) of homogenous ideals of $S$ and their powers have been studied by sever...
2,877,628,091,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work, we study the following class of fractional magnetic Schr\"{o}dinger equations \begin{equation}\label{problem} (-\Delta)_{A}^{s}u+V(x)u=g(\vert u\vert^{2})u+\lambda\vert u\vert^{q-2}u, \quad \mbox{in } \mathbb{R}^{N}, \tag{$P_{\lambda,A}$} \end{equation} where $\lambda$ is ...
2,877,628,091,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introd} Continuous cohomology ${\rm H}_{\rm c}^{\scriptstyle \bullet}$ is an invariant of topological groups, defined in an analogous fashion to the ordinary group cohomology, but with the additional assumption that cochains---with values in a topological group-module as coefficient s...
2,877,628,091,282
arxiv
\section*{\refname \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase{\refname}}{\MakeUppercase{\refname}}} } \makeatother \newcommand{\algrule}[1][.2pt]{\par\vskip.5\baselineskip\hrule height #1\par\vskip.5\baselineskip} \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\vspace*{1em} \noindent {\sc #1.}} \newcommand{\mathit{D}}{\mathit{D}} \newcommand{\mathi...
2,877,628,091,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Data assimilation is a term used in the geophysical community to describe efforts to improve our knowledge of a system by combining incomplete observations with imperfect models~\cite{Apte2008}. Data assimilation is important in many fields of engineering and geophysical applica...
2,877,628,091,284
arxiv
\section{Motivation and Results} Nature prefers Yang-Mills theory in exactly $1+3$ dimensions. There has been much recent interest in a mathematically exceedingly rich four-dimensional Yang-Mills model, the nearly unique ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric theory \cite{Brink:1976bc,Gliozzi:1976qd}. In addition to its gauge an...
2,877,628,091,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Zeolites are an important family of materials with periodic arrays of aluminosilicate cages that are widely used in different industrial processes. Moreover, they also show interesting electronic phenomena when intercalated with alkali metals\cite{Breck_DW_1973} associated with the electronic...
2,877,628,091,286
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[htbp] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{bodewadtha.eps} \caption{B\"{o}dewadt-Hartmann Configuration.} \label{bodew_ha} \end{figure} We are concerned here with the interaction of a vortex with a plane surface in the presence of an imposed magnetic fi...
2,877,628,091,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural network have become a widely used model for machine learning, achieving state-of-the-art results on many tasks. The most common task these models are used for is to perform classification, as in the case of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used to classify images to a semantic ca...
2,877,628,091,288
arxiv
\section{Experimental setup} \subsection{Description of the apparatus} \noindent Our cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) setup is inside a liquid helium (LHe) bath cryostat with a solenoidal superconducting magnet (Cryomagnetics, Inc. Model 90-300-010), Fig.~\ref{fig:setup1}. The apparatus is built around ...
2,877,628,091,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Graph matching is widely used in a wide range of computer vision and pattern recognition tasks~\cite{[2002-Belongie-pami],[2011-Duchenne],[2012-Yao-eccv],[2016-Shen-eccv],[2016-Garro-pami],[2017-Pinheiro],[Xue2018]} to find correspondence between two graph-structured feature s...
2,877,628,091,290
arxiv
2,877,628,091,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The charged particle transverse momentum (\pt) spectrum is an important observable for understanding the fundamental quantum chromodynamic (QCD) interactions involved in proton-proton collisions. While the energy dependence of the bulk of particle production with \pt\ below a few \ensuremath{{\...
2,877,628,091,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many physical systems in science and engineering are described by partial differential equations (PDEs). This study investigates the performance of recurrent and convolutional deep neural networks to model such phenomena. Accurately predicting the evolution of such systems is usually done throug...
2,877,628,091,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ordered phase of electrons, where electrons localize themselves in a particular period or lattice, such as the skyrmion lattice or the Wigner lattice, has attracted considerable interest\cite{GST05,KLM14,DLP16,JDL18}. The existence of ordered phase in a two-dimensional (2D) system has been su...
2,877,628,091,294
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \emph{tile} is a finite non-empty subset of $\mathbb{Z}^n$ for some $n$. We say that a tile $T$ \emph{tiles} $\mathbb{Z}^d$ if $\mathbb{Z}^d$ can be partitioned into copies of $T$, that is, subsets that are translations, rotations or reflections, or any combination of these, of $T$. For e...
2,877,628,091,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classification of sensor data through Deep Learning approaches is a well-researched topic within the scientific community, alas still being in its early phases. While some standardised workflows exist and a state-of-the-art has been accomplished and still evolves, there usually remain parts f...
2,877,628,091,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} It is known \cite{Tha92} that the free Dirac Hamiltonian $H_m$ acting in the Hilbert space $\mathcal H:=\mathsf{L}^{\:\!\!2}(\mathbb R^3;\mathbb C^4)$ is unitarily equivalent to the operator $h(P)\oplus-h(P)$, where $P:=-i\nabla$ and $\mathbb R^3\ni\xi\mapsto h(\xi):=(\x...
2,877,628,091,297
arxiv
\section*{Results} {\bf Quantum estimation theory} Fisher information (FI) provides an asymptotic measure of the amount of information on the parameters of a system that is acquired by performing a measurement on it. For parameters $\boldsymbol{\lambda}$, in terms of the probabilities associated to the measurement re...
2,877,628,091,298
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The existence of positive entire solutions for the coupled nonlinear systems \begin{equation} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \Delta _{\phi _{1}}u+\sigma _{1}\left( \left\vert x\right\vert \right) \phi _{1}(|\nabla u|)\left\vert \nabla u\right\vert =p_{1}(\left\vert x\right\vert )f_{1}(u,v)\t...
2,877,628,091,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main result} The concept of Poissonian pair correlations has its origin in quantum mechanics, where the spacings of energy levels of integrable systems were studied. See for example \cite{not9} and the references therein for detailed information on that topic. Rudnik and Sarnak first studied t...
2,877,628,091,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study the moduli space of logarithmic connections of rank $2$ on $\mathbb{P}^1 \setminus \{ t_1, \dots, t_n \}$ with fixed spectral data. These moduli spaces have been studied from various points of view. For example, they occur as spaces of initial conditions for Garnier sys...
2,877,628,091,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In this paper we discuss the relation between the chiral symmetry breaking in the two-dimensional 't Hooft model \cite{tHoof1} and the heavy-light meson mass spectrum. The action of the version of the 't Hooft model we will consider is \beq S = \int d^2 x\left[ -\frac{1}{4} G...
2,877,628,091,302
arxiv
\section{introduction} Using the quantum field theory in curved spacetime, Hawking \cite{hawking1} found that the collapsing black hole will lead, at late times, to a radiation of particles in all modes of the quantum field, with characteristic thermal spectrum at a temperature $1/8\pi M$. It is generally believed that...
2,877,628,091,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper deals with the initial-value problem for a coupled system of generalized Korteweg–de Vries (gKdV) equation \begin{equation}\label{p01} \left\{\begin{array}{l} u_{t}+\partial_{x}^{3} u+\partial_{x}\left(u^{p} v^{p+1}\right)=0 \\ v_{t}+\partial_{x}^{3} v+\partial_{x}\left(u^{p+1} ...
2,877,628,091,304
arxiv
\subsection{MIT Push Dataset} The experiments are conducted as following. For a certain object, material, COM and pushing side setting, a total of around 20 straight push trajectories are used to test online learning. The 20 trajectories consist of different pushing points and pushing angles. For offline training,...
2,877,628,091,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results}\label{section:intro} Given a bounded Lipschitz planar domain $\Omega \subset \bb{R}^2$, a Riemmanian manifold $\mathcal N \subset \bb{R}^\nu$, and $g \in W^{\sfrac{1}{2},2}(\partial \Omega,\mathcal N)$, a minimizing $2$-harmonic map $u \in W^{1,2}(\Omega,\mathcal N) \doteq...
2,877,628,091,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \typeout{SET RUN AUTHOR to \@runauthor} \section{Introduction} PKS 2155-304 is the archetypical X-ray-selected BL Lac object (XBL). It is one of the brightest BL Lacs at x-ray through optical wavelengths where it has a relatively featureless continuum and displays rapid, large amplitude varia...
2,877,628,091,307
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Geometric topology is an inherently algorithmic subject, with fundamental questions such as the \emph{homeomorphism problem} (find an algorithm to determine whether two given spaces are topologically equivalent) and the \emph{identification problem} (find an algorithm to determine the topologica...
2,877,628,091,308
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Result} Let $\mathcal{A}$ denote the class of all normalized analytic functions $f$ in the open unit disk ${\mathbb D}:=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:\,|z|<1\}$, i.e. $f$ has the Taylor series expansion \begin{equation}\label{sec1-eqn1} f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^\infty a_n z^n. \end{equation} The Taylor poly...
2,877,628,091,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{ue} to the rapid proliferation of mobile phones, tablets, and other handheld devices, an increasing traffic demand is observed worldwide. This drastically increasing capacity demand has driven the evolution of cellular networks from macro base stations (BSs) deployment to small,...
2,877,628,091,310
arxiv
\section{Background} The volumetric water content (VWC) of soil, often represented as $\Theta$, is defined as the ratio of the volume of the water in the soil to the volume of the soil plus water: \begin{equation} \Theta = \frac{V_{water}}{V_{wet soil}} \end{equation} It is measured in units of $cm^3/cm^3$. The ...
2,877,628,091,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Hypothesis testing is the task of assigning one of a discrete set of models to describe an observed system. Measurements on quantum systems have random outcomes and the discrimination of two hypotheses $h_0$ and $h_1$ is a statistical inference problem. Viz. there is a probability $...
2,877,628,091,312
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Overview} In this contribution I review the properties of the hot, X-ray emitting gas in elliptical galaxies. The investigation of elliptical galaxies using X-ray observations is a less mature and more volatile field than its radio and optical counterparts; however, X-ray studies provide uni...
2,877,628,091,313
arxiv
\section{Preamble} In 2008, I submitted a short semi-technical paper \cite{sayir2008} to the IT transactions on the occasion of James L.~Massey's $75^{th}$ birthday. One aim of the paper was to please Jim who often expressed his liking for conceptual papers with simple technical content. Although the paper was dropp...
2,877,628,091,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Abelian equivalence of words has long been a subject of great interest (see for instance Erd\"os problem, \cite{CRSZ, CovHed, CurRam2009, Dekking1979, Keranen1992ICALP, PZ, RSZ1, RSZ2, aleksi}). Given a finite non-empty set $A,$ let $A^*$ denote the set of all finite words over $A.$ T...
2,877,628,091,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spacecraft immersed within a plasma will become electrically charged due to currents of incident electron and ion species \citep{Whipple81,Garrett81}. When the net current induced by these species are not zero, net charge is accumulated and there is a potential difference between the spacecraft...
2,877,628,091,316
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In nuclear physics, there is a hierarchy of Effective Field Theories (EFTs) which all describe nuclear phenomena at a certain resolution scale (for reviews see, e.g., Refs.~\cite{Bedaque:2002mn,Epelbaum:2008ga,Hammer:2019poc}.) Pionless EFT describes the interactions of individual nucleons at ...
2,877,628,091,317
arxiv
\section{Time and Causal Sets} Did time ever begin? It is hard to decide which answer is more unsettling: the idea of an infinite past with no beginning or the concept of such a beginning---the birth of the Universe. Stephen Hawking proved that General Relativity (GR) breaks down at a Big Bang singularity, but left op...
2,877,628,091,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Isolated quantum systems are expected to approach thermal equilibrium after sufficiently long times and much of current research focuses on understanding the conditions for this to happen as well as the details of the process of thermalization~\cite{Gogolin2016}. From this point of view, quantum ...
2,877,628,091,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In studies of neutron stars, the fundamental role is played by the equation of state (EoS) for dense nuclear matter. The observed masses of neutron stars J1614$-$2230~\cite{Demorest10}, J0348+0432~\cite{Antoniadis13} and J0740+6620~\cite{Cromartie2020} are given as $(1.97\pm0.04)M_{\odot}...
2,877,628,091,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations of low surface brightness galaxies and dwarf galaxies indicate that the cores of galactic halos have shallow density profiles \citep{dal97,swt00} instead of central cusps predicted by cold dark matter (CDM) \citep{nfw97}. In addition, the number density of dwarf galaxies in Local Gr...
2,877,628,091,321
arxiv
\section{introduction} The polarizability of molecules and nano-structures is an important property determining the assembly and behavior of solids and liquids composed of well-defined building blocks. In addition, molecular polarizabilities play a key role in vibrational spectroscopy, e.g. in the calculation of R...
2,877,628,091,322
arxiv
\section{References}
2,877,628,091,323
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section1} The study of geometric aspects of value distribution theory of complex analytic mappings has achieved many important advances. One of the most brilliant results in the study is to give a geometric interpretation of the precise maximum for the number of exceptional values of...
2,877,628,091,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is by and large recognized that the key properties of high-temperature superconducting materials can be explained with the help of the two-dimensional $t$--$J$ model.\cite{spalek,pwa,zr} Therefore, the major interest is focused on this model in the regime that seems to be relevant to high-t...
2,877,628,091,325
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments}} \newcommand{\references}{ \section*{References}} \newcommand{\mathcal{H}}{\mathcal{H}} \newcommand{\Reof}[1]{\mathfrak{Re}(#1)} \newcommand{\Imof}[1]{\mathfrak{Im}(#1)} \newcommand{\modulo}[1]{\quad (\textrm{mod}\ #1 )} \newcommand{\atopp}[2]{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{#1}{#2}} ...
2,877,628,091,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In quantum mechanics, a quantum system is associated with a separable complex Hilbert space $H$, i.e., the state space. A quantum state is described as a density operator $\rho\in{\mathcal T}(H)\subseteq{\mathcal B}(H)$ which is positive and has trace 1, where ${\mathcal B}(H)$ and ${\...
2,877,628,091,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of the "fastNLO" project is to make the inclusion of jet data into global fits of parton density functions (PDFs) feasible. Due to the prohibitive computing time required for the jet cross sections using standard calculation techniques, jet data have either been omitted in these fits...
2,877,628,091,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been known for a long time that two-nucleon ($N\!N$) scattering at very low energies can be described by the effective range expansion~\cite{Bethe:1949yr}, from which deuteron and $^1S_0$ virtual state properties emerge without information about details of the strong interaction~\cite{...
2,877,628,091,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} Throughout this paper, we assume that the reader have a knowledge of the fundamental results and the standard notations of the Nevanlinna value distribution theory. See(\cite{h3,y1,y2}). In the following, a meromorphic function $f$ means meromorphic in the whole complex plane. ...
2,877,628,091,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Peccei-Quinn solution to the strong CP problem requires the existence of a pseudo-scalar Goldstone boson called an \textit{axion}\cite{Peccei1977}. The axion is a strongly motivated particle beyond the Standard Model and is also a plausible candidate for cold dark matter\cite{Preskill1983, Ab...
2,877,628,091,331
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The work of JA is partially supported by Fondecyt 1010967, Ecos-Conicyt C01E05 and Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigaci\'on SAB2003-0238(Spain). He wants to thank A.A. Andrianov for several useful remarks; and interesting conversations with H.A. Morales-T\'ecotl, L.F.Urruti...
2,877,628,091,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Earth based neutrino oscillation experiments \cite{Abe:2013hdq, Ahn:2012nd, Abe:2012tg, An:2012eh, Araki:2004mb, Adamson:2008zt, Fukuda:1998mi, Ahmad:2002jz} have confirmed that neutrinos are massive, which is the first known departure from the Standard Model of particle physics wher...
2,877,628,091,333
arxiv
\section{Evolution of Quantum Systems by Graphic Representation of States} We explore the main processes involved in the evolution of general quantum systems by means of \textit{Diagrams of States}. The representation by diagrams of states is a novel method to graphically represent and analyze how quantum information...
2,877,628,091,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Affect recognition based on a subject’s facial expressions has been a topic of major research in the attempt to generate machines that can understand the way subjects feel, act and react. The problem of affect analysis and recognition constitutes a key issue in behavioural modelling, human com...
2,877,628,091,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} One approach to investigate the physical processes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) at scales not reachable by present-day telescopes is to study the correlation between radiative energy in different frequencies. \citet{arshakian10} (hereafter A10) investigated the radio-optical ...
2,877,628,091,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} For a prime $p$ and an integer $u$ with $\gcd(u,p)=1$ the {\it Fermat quotient\/} $q_p(u)$ is defined as the unique integer with $$ q_p(u) \equiv \frac{u^{p-1} -1}{p} \pmod p, \qquad 0 \le q_p(u) \le p-1, $$ and we also define $$ q_p(kp) = 0, \qquad k \in {\mathbb Z}...
2,877,628,091,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} More than $3,500$ exoplanets have been discovered over the last 25 years \citep{Schneider2011}\footnote{From \url{http://www.exoplanet.eu}, as of 26 September 2016.}. This has allowed us to compare the observed exoplanet populations with formation theories and evolutionary models \citep[e.g.,][]...
2,877,628,091,338
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Homogenization problems have been studied for many years for both their intrinsic mathematical interest and the many applications in different sciences (e.g. the study of heterogeneous media). In particular stochastic homogenization arises whenever at the microscopic level the system depends on...
2,877,628,091,339
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand\id[1][]{\ensuremath{\mathrm{id}_{#1}}} \def{\textstyle \bigotimes}{{\textstyle \bigotimes}} \newcommand\sxleftarrow[1]{\xleftarrow{\smash{#1}}} \newcommand\sxrightarrow[1]{\xrightarrow{\smash{#1}}} \newcommand\xto[1]{\xrightarrow{#1}} \newcommand\sxto[1]{\sxrightarrow{#1}} \renewcommand{\-}[0...
2,877,628,091,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(R,{\mathfrak m})$ be a local ring containing a field of positive characteristic $p>0$. If $I$ is an ideal in $R$, then $I^{[q]}=(i^q: i \in I)$, where $q=p^e$ is a power of the characteristic. Let $R^{\circ} = R \setminus \cup P$, where $P$ runs over the set of all minimal primes of $R$. ...
2,877,628,091,341
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The ATLAS collaboration consists of around 1900 scientific authors, from 165 institutes in 35 countries. The detector is roughly cylinder-shaped with a height of 46$\,\mathrm{m}$ and 25$\,\mathrm{m}$ in diameter. It is installed in a cavern 92$\,\mathrm{m}$ below ground at CERN. A 'ship-in-a-...
2,877,628,091,342
arxiv
\part{Background material} \input{2._review1} \input{2._review2} \input{2._review3} \input{2._review4} \input{2._setting} \input{3._endom-action_1} \input{3._endom-action_2} \input{3._endom-action_3} \part{Determining the trivial relations} \input{4._local_monodromy_and_polarization} \inp...
2,877,628,091,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnets with geometrical frustration\cite{moessner:06pt} have received much attention as models of strongly interacting electronic systems with unusual ground states, thermodynamic phases, and excitations. The hallmark of strong frustration is a conspicuously large degeneracy of the classical gr...
2,877,628,091,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be an abelian group and $A$ be a subset of $G$. We use $S_A$ to denote the collection of all subset sums of $A$ $$S_A:= \{\sum_{a \in B} a| B \subset A, |B| < \infty \}. $$ \noindent We will keep this notation when $A$ is sequence of (not necessarily different) elements of $A$. In this ...
2,877,628,091,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent rapid advances in image manipulation tools and deep image synthesis techniques have made generating fake videos easy. In addition, with the spread of SNS, the existence of fake videos has become a major threat to the credibility of the international community. Accordingly, detecting tamper...
2,877,628,091,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent research on language modeling has found that a language model that incorporates explicit notions of hierarchical syntactic structures, Recurrent Neural Network Grammars \citep[RNNGs]{dyer-etal-2016-recurrent}, achieves better perplexity \citep{dyer-etal-2016-recurrent,kim_2019}, systema...
2,877,628,091,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of determining whether a random graph contains a Hamilton cycle, i.e. a cycle passing through every vertex exactly once, dates back to the inception of the study of random graphs. In 1960, Erd\H{o}s and R\'enyi asked whether their eponymous random graph $G_{n, p}$, obtained by includ...
2,877,628,091,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Microscopic swimmer suspensions constitute an interesting playground for non-equilibrium physics. Energy is continuously taken from the nutrients dissolved in the solution and used to produce directed motion. As an effect of the mutual interaction, swimmers present coherent motion with features ...
2,877,628,091,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmological inflation is currently considered to be the best paradigm for describing the early stages of the universe \cite{Linde:1990-bk,Liddle-Lyth:2000-bk}. Inflation leads to the existence of a causal mechanism for producing fluctuations on cosmological scales (when measured today), which...
2,877,628,091,350
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supernova remnants (SNRs) stand an important factor in the process of cosmic ray acceleration and matter circulation. Albeit very important, these processes are still not fully understood. Various theories were suggested during the last few decades {with a view to understanding} the SNR prop...
2,877,628,091,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our Sun shows variability on a number of time scales, where the most pronounced are: the 5-minute p-mode oscillations, the 25-30 days rotational modulation and the 11-year solar cycle \citep{2017NatAs...1..612S}. While we have witnessed significant progress in our understanding of the first two p...
2,877,628,091,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A system consisting of elements can be expressed by using network representation, i.e., nodes denote the elements and edges represent their relations. Many real-life systems, e.g., mobile communication networks, collaboration networks, protein-protein interaction networks are analyzed using ...
2,877,628,091,353
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introSim} In this paper we consider the following family of nonlinear Fokker--Planck equations \begin{align}\label{eq:befp} \partial_t f & = \Delta_v f+\mathrm{div}_v(v f(1+ f^\gamma)),\quad t>0,\;v\in\mathbb{R}^d, \\\nonumber f(0,\cdot) & = f_0\ge0, \end{align} where $\g...