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2,877,628,091,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The first observation of circumstellar gas around a star with a debris disc dates back to 1975, even before the discovery of debris discs themselves. A spectrum of $\beta$ Pictoris \citep[located at 19.44 $\pm$ 0.05 pc,][]{2007A&A...474..653V} revealed the presence of Ca II in absorption, which ...
2,877,628,091,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Impressive results have been achieved in 3D pose estimation of objects from images during the last decade. However, current approaches cannot scale to large-scale problems because they rely on one classifier per object, or multi-class classifiers such as Random Forests, whos...
2,877,628,091,356
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} The upcoming Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy eXperiment (HETDEX; Ref. \citenum{Hill08a}) will amass a sample of $\sim0.8$ million Ly$\alpha$\ emitting galaxies (LAEs) that will be used as tracers of large-scale structure for constraining dark energy and measuring its evoluti...
2,877,628,091,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wire media are structured materials formed by many conducting wires embedded in a host medium. The wires are normally considered to be very long compared to the wavelength in the host medium, but the diameter of the wires is only a small fraction of the lattice constant. The known analytical mod...
2,877,628,091,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In most of the introductory references in the literature devoted to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, it comes out that the natural appearance of noncommutativity in string theories has increasingly led to attempts to study physical problems in noncommutative spaces \cite{doplicher}-\c...
2,877,628,091,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning and especially deep convolutional neural networks have become the de facto standard in a variety of computer vision related tasks~\cite{he2016deep,krizhevsky2012imagenet}. However, at least since 2004 the vulnerability of machine learning classifiers to carefully crafted att...
2,877,628,091,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-linear dimensionality reduction algorithms are a powerful tool in data analysis and manifold learning. Many of these algorithms require the calculation of the eigendecomposition of some data-dependent kernel matrix. Examples of such algorithms include Laplacian eigenmaps~\cite{belkin2003lapl...
2,877,628,091,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The last years have seen a revolution in ground-based {$\gamma$}-ray detectors. We can now detect the spectra of nearby TeV blazars like Mrk 421 and 501 out to $\sim 20$ TeV, and during the strongest flares (with observed TeV fluxes up to 10 times that of the Crab), we can follow fluctuation...
2,877,628,091,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An accurate determination of the ages and distances of Globular Clusters (GCs) is an important constraint for the age of the Universe, and for the theory of galaxy formation. In particular it is important to compute very accurate relative ages to understand if there is a spread in ages among ...
2,877,628,091,363
arxiv
\section{Executive summary} In this white paper we summarise the construction and applications of lattice theories possessing exact supersymmetry focusing, in particular, on ${\cal N}=4$ Yang-Mills theory. Lattice formulations of this theory allow for numerical simulation of the theory at strong coupling and hence giv...
2,877,628,091,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A perceptron is a mathematical model inspired by signal processing between neural cells that are assumed to be in either of the two states `active' or `resting'. It consists of $n$ input nodes called \textit{neurons} with values $x_k = \{-1,1\}, \; k =1,...,n $ that feed signals into a single out...
2,877,628,091,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fruitful concept of the \keyword{maximal globally hyperbolic development} of Cauchy data was introduced in 1969 by Choquet-Bruhat and Geroch \cite{Choquet1969}. These solutions to Einstein's field equations have, in particular, the property of being uniquely determined (up to isometries) by ...
2,877,628,091,366
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Kurt Johansson for his guidance and support. \section{Introduction} \subsection{The Airy process} The central object of study in this paper is the local behavior of the Airy process, $t \rightarrow \mathcal{A}(t)$, $t \in \mathb...
2,877,628,091,367
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is generally believed that the narrowness of the ground states of heavy quarkonia $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ is due to the so called OZI suppression\cite{OZI}. This OZI rule demands that if there are no quark lines connecting the initial and final hadron states, the processes are suppressed. At b...
2,877,628,091,368
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nature of the causative agent that makes some quasars radio loud (RLQs) has challenged astrophysicists for more than 50 years. It became clear early on that the optical/ultraviolet (UV) spectra of RLQs and radio quiet quasars (RQs) are very similar \citep{ste91}\footnote{There are notabl...
2,877,628,091,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_introduction} Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as a promising technology for powering beyond-5G networks. The key idea of a cell-free massive MIMO system is to distributively deploy a large number of access points (APs) coherently serving all user...
2,877,628,091,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Ri} Richardson noticed that the {\it Filbert matrices} \begin{equation}\label{eq:filbert} \mathcal F_n=\left(1/F_{i+j+1}\right),\quad 0\le i,j\le n,\quad n=0,1,\ldots, \end{equation} where $F_n,n\ge 0$ is the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, have the property that all elements of the inve...
2,877,628,091,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} Seiberg and Witten demonstrated~\cite{SW} that the dual Meissner effect takes place in ${\cal N}=2\;$ Yang--Mills theories. Shortly after~\cite{SW}, Hanany, Strassler and Zaffaroni discussed \cite{HSZ} formation and structure of the chromoelectric flux t...
2,877,628,091,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction and notation}\label{intro} Many situations in which processes restart probabilistically at renewal instants and there are non-negative rewards associated with each renewal epoch, are well described by a multivariate renewal-reward process. For example, a multivariate reward function can be viewed...
2,877,628,091,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A {\it partitioned balanced tournament design of side $n$}, \textrm{PBTD($n$)}, defined on a $2n$-set $V$, is an arrangement of the ${2n \choose n}$ distinct unordered pairs of the elements of $V$ into an $n\times (2n-1)$ arrays such that \begin{enumerate} \item every element of $V$ is contain...
2,877,628,091,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources provide one of the most exciting diagnostics of coronal plasma. However, the majority of flare-associated HXRs that we can observe occur at the footpoints of flare loops, when accelerated electrons collide with dense chromospheric plasma. Because these sources a...
2,877,628,091,375
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \vspace*{-2mm} \label{sec:intro} Using quarter sampling \cite{Schoberl2011}, the spatial resolution of an imaging sensor can be increased. This is achieved by physically covering three quarters of each pixel of a regular low-resolution sensor. Effectively, this leads to a non-regular sampling of ...
2,877,628,091,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{introduction}} The deterministic channel model for wireless networks proposed by Avestimehr, Diggavi and Tse \cite{amir2007_deterministicmodel} \cite{amir2007_wirelessnetworkinfoflow} (referred to as ADT model thereafter) has been a useful tool for understanding the fundamental limitation...
2,877,628,091,377
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \textit{numerably contractible space} is a topological space $X$ which admits a numerable cover by sets $U\subset X$ for which the inclusions are nullhomotopic. Numerably contractible spaces are of importance in homotopy theory, as we will explain. Some important weak homotopy equivalence are ...
2,877,628,091,378
arxiv
\section{Introduction} White dwarfs (WDs) are compact objects, formed at the final evolution stage of middle mass and low mass main sequence stars. Majority of stars in our galaxy at the end of their evolution will form WDs as an ultimate end product. Their mass is around one solar mass and size is of the same order...
2,877,628,091,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par% The mass and the half-life of a nucleus are fundamental properties which result from the interaction of all nucleons \cite{Bohr}. Both quantities are essential for the understanding of nuclear structure and also for the nucleosynthesis in astrophysics. \par New phenomena in nuclear physics...
2,877,628,091,380
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Chiral Perturbation Theory ($\chi PT$) \cite{weinberg} has proved very successful in order to describe the physics of mesons at very low energies. The key point of the whole approach is to identify the lightest pseudoscalar mesons $\pi , K$ and $\eta$ as the Goldstone bosons associated to the ...
2,877,628,091,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of solutions to the Poisson equation $$ \Delta u = f $$ on a complete Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$, for a given function $f$ on $M$, is a classical problem which has been the object of deep interest in the literature. Malgrange \cite{mal} obtained solvability of the Poisson equatio...
2,877,628,091,382
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} \label{sec:ack} We would like to thank Tarun Kathuria for helpful discussions. This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science under Award Numbers 7081675 and 1772593; Cray, under Award Number 47277; and DARPA, under Award Number FA875...
2,877,628,091,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Reduced Words and Standard Tableaux} Fix the \defn{symmetric group} $\mathfrak{S}_n$ and its generating set of \defn{simple transpositions} $S := \{s_i \mid 1\le i <n \}$. The simple transpositions $s_i := (i,i+1)$ satisfy the quadratic relations $s_i^2 = 1$, the \defn{commutations...
2,877,628,091,384
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} \footnotesize \fi Part of this work has been supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 876 ``Providing Information by Resource--Constrained Analysis'', projects A4 and B4 as well as the German Federal Ministry of Education and Res...
2,877,628,091,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\alpha$ be a real number. The {\em irrationality exponent} $\mu(\alpha)$ is defined as the supremum of the set of real numbers $\mu$ such that the inequality $$\left|\alpha-\frac{p}{q}\right|<\frac{1}{q^\mu}$$ has infinitely many solutions $(p,q)\in\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{N}.$ For example, ...
2,877,628,091,386
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the early part of the last century, estimates of Weyl sums have played crucial roles in many problems in additive number theory. The classical bounds for Weyl sums have stemmed from Weyl's method [$\ref{ref17}$] and Vinogradov's method [$\ref{ref18}$]. In particular, these bounds have bee...
2,877,628,091,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The symmetric and the alternating groups are ubiquitous in the study of the monodromy of curves. In particular, they are the unique possible examples of monodromy if we are in the case of an indecomposable cover $X \rightarrow \P^1$ with $X$ a generic complex curve of genus greater than $3$ (see ...
2,877,628,091,388
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks are demonstrating a large impact on Natural Language Processing. Neural machine translation (NMT) \cite{bahdanau2014neural,luong2015effective,wu2016google,ashish2017google} has especially gained increasing popularity, as it can leverage neural networks to directly perform tra...
2,877,628,091,389
arxiv
\section{S\lowercase{amples and experimental setups}\label{exp}} The active parts of our samples consist of a monolayer (ML) of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (S-TMD), $i.e.$ WSe$_2$, MoS$_2$, WS$_2$, and MoSe$_2$, which has been encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and deposited on a bare S...
2,877,628,091,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of exclusive processes in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), where intact hadrons are explicitly measured in the final state, provides important insights into the mechanisms of confinement and into the dynamics of hadronic bound states \cite{Brodsky:2003dq,Brodsky:2004wx}. Among the multitu...
2,877,628,091,391
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we characterize the notion of uniform rectifiability in the sense of David and Semmes \cite{DS2} in terms of the $L^2$ boundedness of the $\rho$-variation for the Riesz transform, with $\rho>2$. Given $1\leq n<d$ integers and a Borel measure $\mu$ in ${\mathbb R}^d$, one defines ...
2,877,628,091,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) was conceived by \cite{ross} in order to derive the conclusions of Capital Asset Pricing Model (see \cite{lintner,sharpe}) from alternative assumptions. These remarkable conclusions had a huge bearing on empirical work but they somehow overshadowed the highly ...
2,877,628,091,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The reliance of natural language understanding models on the information in pre-trained word embeddings limits these models from being applied reliably to rare words or technical vocabulary. To overcome this vulnerability, a model must be able to compensate for a poorly modeled word embedding wi...
2,877,628,091,394
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \vspace{-0.1cm} \subsection{Proof of Lemma~\robustrefLemComplexity} \label{robustrefLemComplexity} \vspace{-0.1cm} We first prove \eqref{eq:dim-norm}, which uses an amalgamation of dimension-based and norm-based analysis. For the output layer, we use the following norm-based analysis \begin{align}...
2,877,628,091,395
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The contact process is a well-studied model of the spread of an infection, in which an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ determines a collection of sites $V$ and edges $E$ which we can think of as individuals and as links between individuals along which the infection can be transmitted. Each site i...
2,877,628,091,396
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{SCintro} In discrete convex analysis \cite{Mdca98=valmat, Mdcasiam=valmat}, \cite[Chapter VII]{Fuj05book=valmat}, M-concave functions and their variant called M$\sp{\natural}$-concave functions play a major role. The concepts of M-concave functions and M$\sp{\natural}$-concav...
2,877,628,091,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Filaments eruptions and other ejections of mass from the Sun are often accompanied by a dimming of the local coronal emission at many different wavelengths, and by the formation of transient coronal holes (see, e.g., Harrison \& Lyons 2000; Kahler \& Hudson 2001; Harrison et al. 2003; Howard ...
2,877,628,091,398
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a number field $K$. A famous {\sl Mordell-Weil theorem} asserts that the (abelian) group $E(K)$ of $K$-points on $E$ is finitely generated \cite{Cassels,SilvermanTate,Wash}. The first step in its proof (and actual finding a finite set that generates $E(K)$) ...
2,877,628,091,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} With computational methods, tools and workflows becoming ubiquitous in more and more disciplines, the software applications and user communities on HPC platforms are rapidly growing diverse. Many of the \nth{2} generation HPC applications~\cite{weidner2016rethinking} have moved...
2,877,628,091,400
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The development of Internet of Things (IoT) and wearables contributed to the progress of a wide range of quantified-self applications related to activity recognition. In this context, motion data extracted from connected devices (e.g., smartwatches) equipped with motion sensor...
2,877,628,091,401
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a finite, simple, and undirected graph of order $|V(G)|$. The distance $d_G(u,v)$ between two vertices $u,v\in V(G)$ is the length of the shortest path in the graph $G$ between $u$ and $v$ if they belong to the same connected component of $G$ and infinity otherwise. We omit...
2,877,628,091,402
arxiv
\section{Classifier Single-epoch performance}\label{sec:appendix} \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \subfloat{ \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth] {ml_performance_surface_brightness.pdf} } \subfloat{ \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth] {ml_performance_medsky.pdf} ...
2,877,628,091,403
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} While they may be the least massive and luminous systems in our universe, understanding the origin of dwarf galaxy properties represents a key step in developing and testing theories of galaxy formation and cosmology. From the perspective of cosmology, abundances and structural prop...
2,877,628,091,404
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent development of experimental techniques has opened an exciting possibility to work with ultracold Bose gases in one-dimensional (1D) conditions, for example in a set of elongated optical traps (see Moritz et al.~\cite{Essl03}) and in magnetic traps created by solid state chips (Esteve et al...
2,877,628,091,405
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Scene and object 3D reconstruction is the process of capturing their shape and appearance using various methods and approaches such as stereo, structure from motion, shape from shading, and many more \cite{Remondino2006Imagebased3M}. The reconstruction is highly applicable in a...
2,877,628,091,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Infertility is a global health issue worldwide \cite{infertilityAroundTheGlobe}. The number of couples reporting infertility and referring to assisted reproductive technology (ART) centers for infertility workup and care in Europe is increasing by 8 - 9\% every year \cite{assistedReprodTechInEur...
2,877,628,091,407
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \subsection{Background}\label{subsec:background} The enumerative geometry of nodal curves has, in recent years, grown into a rich and increasingly intriguing field of mathematics. While many of the questions which arise in this context belong naturally to the domain of classica...
2,877,628,091,408
arxiv
\section{The classical proofs: a variational argument}\label{sec:classical} In this section, we follow \cite{watanabeBloch}. We consider interacting electrons on a discrete ring $\Pi={\mathbb Z}/L{\mathbb Z}$. The charge operator at site $x$ is given by $q_x = a_x^{*} a_x$, the charge in an interval is $Q_{[a,b]} = \s...
2,877,628,091,409
arxiv
\section{Related Work} Causation has received substantial research interest in many areas. In computer science, Pearl \cite{didelez2001judea} and Rosenbaum\cite{rosenbaum2002observational} laid the foundation for causal inference, upon which several fields, cognitive science, econometrics, epidemiology, philosophy and...
2,877,628,091,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The 2D Boussinesq system for vorticity of the fluid $\omega(x,t)$ and density (or temperature) $\rho(x,t)$ is given by \begin{eqnarray}\label{vortbous} \partial_t \omega +(u \cdot \nabla)\omega = \partial_{x_1} \rho;\,\,\, \,\,\, \partial_t \rho +(u \cdot \nabla)\rho = 0; \\ \nonumber u = \nabla...
2,877,628,091,411
arxiv
\section*{Preamble} \hspace*{1.5em}The recto of the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP) {\bf \cite{Peet,Chace,Robins}} contains the so-called Egyptian $2/D$ table. The genesis of a project such as build this table will never really be apprehended. This is not a project as impressive as the construction of a pyrami...
2,877,628,091,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace{\parindent} Until now regularizations by way of the zeta function have been successful in some physical problems\cite{Kunimasa,Leeuwen}, but the Riemann hypothesis itself has been remained to be proved. Recently we have shown the evidence using the Euler's alternating summation,...
2,877,628,091,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gravitation has a quite peculiar property: particles with different masses and different compositions feel it in such a way that all of them acquire the same acceleration and, given the same initial conditions, follow the same path. Such universality of response --- usually referred to as {\it u...
2,877,628,091,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A vital field in 3D vision and robotics is 3D object reconstruction. By compressing input data into simpler representations such as meshgrids or sets of simpler objects, we can understand and interact with objects and their surroundings more easily, solving problems like collision avoidance~\cit...
2,877,628,091,415
arxiv
\section{Supplementary Information} For the analysis, we have used the data of Ref.~\cite{TrenkwalderNATPHYS2016}, see the inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig2}b, obtained with tunneling rate $\Omega = 40$ Hz, atom number $N \approx 4500$, temperature $\approx$ 10\,nK. \subsection{Data analysis of $\chi_{\rm mom}${}} According ...
2,877,628,091,416
arxiv
\section{Summary} \label{Intro} The precise determination of the mass and width of the $f_0(500)$ resonance \cite{Cap06,Kam11, PDG} prompted us \cite{us} to revisit an old idea \cite{RJC70,Ell70} that the chiral condensate $\langle \bar{q}q \rangle_{\mathrm{vac}} \not= 0$ may also be a condensate for scale transfor...
2,877,628,091,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Seeking a source with autonomous vehicles is an area of growing interest and wide applications. The source could be an electromagnetic signal, acoustic signal, thermal signal, or a chemical/biological agent. Motivated from source-seeking behavior exhibited by natural species from a microscopic l...
2,877,628,091,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Protoplanetary disks, as the birthplace of planetary systems, always exhibit turbulent motions \cite{Lesur2022}. There are several mechanisms currently discussed as main contributors: hydrodynamical instabilities as the vertical shear instability \cite{Goldreich1967, Fri...
2,877,628,091,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Heterogeneous computing, where devices with different architectures and performance characteristics, such as CPUs, GPUs and accelerators are combined, are growing in popularity. These systems promise increased performance combined with reductions in power consumption, but the incre...
2,877,628,091,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since muons are over 200 times more massive than electrons, they could be circularly accelerated to \tera\eV\ energies without the synchrotron-radiation energy losses that electrons suffer. At the same time, since, unlike hadrons, they are fundamental particles with no constituent partons, their ...
2,877,628,091,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke (GSF) instability (\citealt{GoldreichSchubert1967}, hereafter GS67, and \citealt{Fricke1968}) is an axisymmetric hydrodynamic instability that occurs in a shearing background when thermal diffusion from the displaced fluid elements counterbalances t...
2,877,628,091,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} While to us as human beings the ground on which we walk may appear 'rock-solid' the surface of our planet is actually in constant albeit very slow motion. Continental plates move at a rate of centimetres per year. The reason for this movement are enormous forces acting d...
2,877,628,091,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Sun is a magnetically active star that shows various magnetic activity structures extending from its surface to its higher atmospheric layers, such as bipolar active regions (ARs) on the photosphere, filaments in the chromosphere, and coronal holes (CHs) in its corona. Thro...
2,877,628,091,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is focused on the statistical analysis of a secondary instability of turbulent streaks in transitional plane Couette flow. Plane Couette flow (PCF), the flow between two parallel moving planes (sketched in figure~\ref{f1}), displays a discontinuous transition to turbulence. T...
2,877,628,091,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Horizontal-branch (hereafter HB) stars have evolved past the main sequence and burn helium in their core which is surrounded by a hydrogen burning shell. In general, after core helium exhaustion, they evolve towards the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), but a part of HB stars does not reach the AGB...
2,877,628,091,426
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Traditionally, adsorption is considered as a deposition of particles on a surface. In the case of simple atomic or molecular species, polymers, liquid crystals, proteins, other biological objects it has received a huge amount of attention, considering different aspects of the p...
2,877,628,091,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Banach algebra $A$ is \emph{biprojective} if the multiplication map $\Delta_*:A{\widehat{\otimes}} A\rightarrow A$ has a right inverse in the category of $A$-bimodule maps. This can be thought of as a ``finiteness condition''. In particular, the group algebra $L^1(G)$ is biprojective if and o...
2,877,628,091,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In~\cite{Shannon48} Shannon presented his celebrated result on the asymptotic optimality of separable source and channel coding. However, for finite block length systems, the importance and superior performance of joint source channel coders has been well recognized and is an area of active resea...
2,877,628,091,429
arxiv
\section{Observations} Magnetic white dwarfs account for a substantial fraction of the population of white dwarf stars \citep{2007ApJ...654..499K}. Spectroscopic surveys \citep{2012MNRAS.425.1394K} routinely uncover new candidates showing a great diversity in field strength and geometry \citep{2017A&A...607A..92L}. Ou...
2,877,628,091,430
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Even though general relativity (GR) has proven to be extremely accurate in describing our universe, it predicts the existence of spacetime singularities such as that inside the black hole. It is believed that some sort of quantum effects should be taken into account in order to naturally resolve ...
2,877,628,091,431
arxiv
\subsubsection*{#1}} \newsavebox{\fminipagebox} \NewDocumentEnvironment{fminipage}{m O{\fboxsep}} {\par\kern#2\noindent\begin{lrbox}{\fminipagebox} \begin{minipage}{#1} } {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}% \makebox[#1]{% \kern\dimexpr-\fboxsep-\fboxrule\relax \fbox{\usebox{\fminipagebox}}% \kern\dimexpr-\...
2,877,628,091,432
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} Spontaneous twisting is observed in many liquid crystalline systems in which the constituents are achiral and the confinement does not require a twisted configuration~\cite{Press1974, Pang1994, Volovik1983, Lavrentovich1990, Drzaic1999, Jeong2014, Jeong2015, Yang2008, Nayani2017, ...
2,877,628,091,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the art results in a number of machine learning tasks \citet{lecun2015deep}. Training such networks is computationally intensive and often requires dedicated and expensive hardware. Furthermore, the resulting networks often require a considera...
2,877,628,091,434
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Probabilistic graphical models with latent variables are powerful in modeling many important problems in machine learning and artificial intelligence \cite{Koller09,Bishop06}. The existence of latent variables in such models provides us with the ability to capture richer statistical dependencies ...
2,877,628,091,435
arxiv
\subsection{Reconstruction Algorithm} The main result of this subsection is summarized in the following theorem. \begin{theorem}\label{th:naive} If a string ${\boldsymbol x}\in\Sigma^n$ is $ (L-1,4s+1) $-substring distant, then it is $(L,t,s)$-reconstructible. \end{theorem} The proof of Theorem~\ref{th:naive} is giv...
2,877,628,091,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Understanding inhomogeneities in the observed universe is one of the central challenges in cosmology. The tendency for gravitational collapse is much weaker in an expanding universe than in flat space. Therefore, mechanisms for the fast growth of cosmological perturbations are ...
2,877,628,091,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{artin1987graded}, Artin and Schelter classified the Artin-Schelter regular algebras of global dimension 3, that is, graded associative algebras over $\mathbb{C}$ with excellent homological properties. The algebras of type A with 3 generators in this classification are the Sklyanin algebr...
2,877,628,091,438
arxiv
\section{Additional Transferring Results}\label{sec:additional_transfer_results} \shortautoref{tab:transfer_results} shows additional results of transferring LibriSpeech pre-trained models to three out-of-domain datasets. We share the performance of the models with trained with only 100K updates enable future works fo...
2,877,628,091,439
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most important constitutive relations in continuum mechanics is Fourier's law of heat conduction. It states that, in an homogeneous, isotropic and thermally conducting medium, the heat flux $\boldsymbol{q}$ is determined by \[ \boldsymbol{q} = - \kappa \nabla \theta, \] where $\theta ...
2,877,628,091,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction} CMB's temperature anisotropies which were detected by COBE in 1992 are believed to result from inhomogeneities in the matter distribution at the recombination epoch \cite{cobe}. Because Thomson scattering is an isotropic process, any primordial anisotropies (as opposed to inhomogeneities) should ...
2,877,628,091,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction}Magnetars are strongly magnetized neutron stars~\cite{DT} with emissions powered by the dissipation of magnetic energy. According to one of the conjectures, magnetars can be the source of the extremely powerful short-duration $\gamma$-ray bursts~\cite{U,KR,HBS,CK}. The magnetic field strength ...
2,877,628,091,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Speaker diarization, the problem of unsupervised temporal sequence segmentation into speaker specific regions, is one of first processing steps in the conversational analysis of multi-talker audio. The performance of a speaker diarization system is adversely influenced by factors like short s...
2,877,628,091,443
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{intro} Innovation is widely viewed as essential for achieving long-run economic development and sustainability. Measuring and monitoring innovation is therefore key for our understanding of trends in technology and structural transformation over time and between countries. Innovation is ...
2,877,628,091,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To handle notions of differentiation that have become more prominent in computer science, two categorical structures have been useful: monoidal differential categories \cite{blute2006differential} and Cartesian differential categories \cite{blute2009cartesian}. Each axiomatizes a different as...
2,877,628,091,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $L$ be a submanifold of $M$ with a unit normal vector field $N$ and constant $(r+1)$th mean curvature $S_{r+1}$. If $M$ is the manifold with constant sectional curvature (Einstein manifold for $r=1$) then $L$ is characterized by a variational problem (see, among the others, \cite{ace,bc,...
2,877,628,091,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} Let $V$ be a complex-valued potential on ${\Bbb R}^d$, where $d$ is odd. We study the spectral properties of the Schr\"odinger operator \begin{equation}\label{Hpic} -\Delta+V(x). \end{equation} Namely, denote by $\lambda_j$ the eigenvalues of the operator \eqref{Hp...
2,877,628,091,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Life-long learning finds its application across a wide spectrum of domains and has been a long-standing research task. Its main goal is to update a network to adapt to new data, such as new instances or samples from a new class, without forgetting the learned knowledge on the past data. In some ...
2,877,628,091,448
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the following abstract problem: given access to a function $f : \mc{X} \to \R$, where $\mc{X}$ is some space, find $x \in \mc{X}$ minimizing $f(x)$. We study an instantiation of this problem that trades sequential access to $f$ for large batches of parallel queries---one can query $f$ f...
2,877,628,091,449
arxiv
\part{\sc{Foundations of Information}} \chapter{Information Partitions and Knowledge} Section \ref{sec:Partition} introduces the partitional model of information and three definitions of common knowledge. Sections \ref{sec:AgreetoDisagree} presents \citet{Aumann}'s result that agents cannot agree to disagree, and ...
2,877,628,091,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The experiments at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) have shown evidence for the hot and dense matter, also known as quark gluon plasma (QGP), created during the early stages of the collisions~\cite{qgp1,qgp2,qgp3,qgp4}. The high temperature and baryon density of the produced matter makes i...
2,877,628,091,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of electroweak processes plays an important role in few-body physics. Effective field theory (EFT) provides a systematic way of calculating the transition amplitudes for those processes. It can also establish, through the symmetry of QCD, useful relations between the amplitudes for w...
2,877,628,091,452
arxiv
\subsection{Event mixing for non-correlated pairs and the correction for purity.} Non-correlated pairs each consist of two daughters particles. These daughters belong to two events which are carefully chosen so that they have similar event multiplicity and topology. The ratio of the $\frac{A(k^*)}{B(k^*)}$ (see above...
2,877,628,091,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gravitational lensing measurements provide the only direct method to probe the non-luminous matter component of lensing systems. Weak lensing measurements of cluster masses and mass distributions are becoming routine, however the measurement of the dark matter components of individual galaxies i...