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2,877,628,091,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) have been attracting considerable attention as a promising candidate material for spintronics devices. The basic concept is to utilize spin polarized carriers created by strong exchange interaction between localized $d$-electrons of diluted magnetic ions an...
2,877,628,091,455
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The mechanisms that lead to separation of boundary currents in the ocean are poorly understood. Numerical models can provide only a small contribution to a better understanding of boundary separation, since the representation of the coast line in today's ocean models differs in essential proper...
2,877,628,091,456
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The essential problem in statistics is to bound the probability of a surprising observation, under a \emph{null hypothesis} that observations are being drawn from some unbiased probability distribution. This calculation can fail to be straightforward for a number of reasons. On the one hand, de...
2,877,628,091,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The obstacle avoidance problem is a long lasting problem that has attracted the attention of the robotics and control communities for decades. In a typical robot navigation scenario, the robot is required to reach a given goal (destination) while avoiding to collide with a set of obstacle regions...
2,877,628,091,458
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Variational studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of correlated systems. In part this is due to their relative simplicity, applicability to larger sizes irrespective of the number of dimensions, and the easily accessible physical insight they provide. In the case of the Hubbard...
2,877,628,091,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Evolutionary search has frequently been used to generate artistic images~\cite{Heijer14,correia2013machado,DBLP:journals/tec/KowaliwDM12}. Images have a high-dimension. Previous work has either reduced the dimensionality of the search space through programmatic encodings~\ci...
2,877,628,091,460
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Due to its potential to double network capacity at the physical (PHY) layer and to provide many other benefits at higher layers, full-duplex (FD) wireless has drawn significant attention~\cite{sabharwal2014band,bharadia2013full,zhou2017integrated}. The major challenge associated...
2,877,628,091,461
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For safety reasons, trains currently operate strictly signal-based. Therefore, each track is divided in multiple block sections delimited by signals. The signals are coordinated by a central safety logic which guarantees that only one train can occupy a block section at the same time. The necess...
2,877,628,091,462
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} As one of the two competing theories for hiding extra dimensions, braneworlds have received a lot of attention, starting from the first attempts to get matter to stick on a field theory domain wall \cite{Akama:1982jy,Rubakov:1983bb}, and then to the understanding of how gravity can ...
2,877,628,091,463
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Helical magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) are conventionally related to filaments (or prominences), which are one kind of the fundamental structures in the standard solar flare (or CSHKP) model \citep{Carmichael1964,Sturrock1966,Hirayama1974,KP1976}. Erupting MFRs and filaments are someti...
2,877,628,091,464
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider only simple graphs. Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V_G$ and edge set $E_G$. Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field. We adopt the notation and terminology from \cite{AB} and \cite{We}. An $n\times n$ matrix $A$ over $\mathbb{F}$ is skew-symmetric (respectively, symmetric) if $A^T=...
2,877,628,091,465
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of a gluon self-coupling in QCD suggests that, in addition to the conventional $q\bar{q}$ states, there may be non-$q\bar{q}$ mesons: bound states including gluons (gluonia and glueballs, and $q\bar{q}g$ hybrids) and multiquark states \cite{1}. Since the theoretical guidance on t...
2,877,628,091,466
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} In \cite{B13} Example 1, A. Borisov devised a polynomial map called the \textit{additive trap} $F_{at}:\mathbb{A}_\mathbb{Z}^2\to \mathbb{A}_\mathbb{Z}^2$ by defining $F_{at}(x,y)=(x^2y,x^2y+xy^2)$. This polynomial map satisfies the following properties : \begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)] \i...
2,877,628,091,467
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A convex body $K$ in ${\mathbb R}^n$ is called isotropic if it has volume $|K|=1$, its center of mass is at the origin (we call these convex bodies ``centered"), and its inertia matrix is a multiple of the identity matrix: there exists a constant $L_K >0$ such that \begin{equation}\label{eq:intr...
2,877,628,091,468
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The last decades have witnessed important advancements in policy evaluation methods for assessing the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome of interest, which are particularly relevant in the context of data with many observations and/or observed covariates. Such advancements i...
2,877,628,091,469
arxiv
\section{Overview of Galaxy Scaling Relations} The dynamics of disk galaxies are well-organized, following a variety of well-established scaling relations. These relations are remarkably tight, and can be summarized with a few simple rules: \\ \begin{enumerate}[label=\arabic*.\ ] \item \textbf{Flat Rotation Curves...
2,877,628,091,470
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is an important theme of current research in analysis to decompose more complicated operators, such as the Cauchy integral on Lipschitz curves \cite{calderon}, as a sum of simpler operators. This theme has taken special prominence in multilinear Harmonic Analysis, beginning with the w...
2,877,628,091,471
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Stable matching in ${\mathbb R}^d$} Let $S$ be a set of points in ${\mathbb R}^d$, and let $M$ be a matching of $S$. For each $x\in S$, write $d_M(x)$ for the distance of $x$ from its partner in the matching $M$, with $d_M(x)=\infty$ if $x$ is unmatched by $M$. A pair of distinct poi...
2,877,628,091,472
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{intro} \section{Preliminaries}\label{sec:prelims} \input{prelim} \section{Proof of \cref{thm:main}}\label{sec:main} \input{theproof} \section{Wrapping up the proof of \cref{thm:conj}}\label{sec:wrap-up} \input{sec-wrap-up} \section{Conclusion} \input{outro} \bibliographystyle{abbrv} ...
2,877,628,091,473
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the progress of learning-based computer vision, recent research efforts have been extended from image tasks to the more challenging video domains. Video tasks, such as object detection \cite{deng2009imagenet}, video instance segmentation ~\cite{yang2019video}, and multi-object tracking and s...
2,877,628,091,474
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most puzzling aspects of cosmology is the unknown reason for the dominance of matter over anti-matter in our Universe. Within the Standard Model of particle physics there is no explanation for this observation and hence a new mechanism has to be responsible. A favored model called le...
2,877,628,091,475
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the present article we are interested in developing a finite element method for solving the Stokes problem with surface tension on an immersed \textcolor{black}{interface}. \textcolor{black}{This problem concerns the simulation} of the motion of a bubble-soap for example. We consider that the...
2,877,628,091,476
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1961, Shockley and Queisser found the upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of p-n junction solar energy converters to be about 30\%. This is known as the Shockley-Queisser thermodynamic limit.\cite{shockley_Detailed_1961} Since then, there have been two main approaches for increasing the...
2,877,628,091,477
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In the past two decades the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) $-$ one of the oldest known manifestations of magnetism in solids $-$ has acquired a major role in testing various new paradigms and phenomena in condensed matter physics~\cite{RMP-AHE}. These include, but are not limited to, the issues re...
2,877,628,091,478
arxiv
\section[Lecture 1]{Formal Aspects of Expectation-Value Theory} \label{sec:1} {\renewcommand{\theequation}{1.\arabic{equation}} \subsubsection{Vocabulary} In these lectures, \begin{equation} {\hat\varphi}^i \end{equation} denotes the quantum field. It is an operator function on a given differentiable manifold (re...
2,877,628,091,479
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Induced seismic hazard} Seismicity caused by human activity, what is currently being called induced seismicity, is not a new phenomenon. Over the last several decades, workers have noted that earthquakes are triggered by human activities including nuclear explosions \citep{Boucher1969...
2,877,628,091,480
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In our recent works we have reported about the optical properties of Cesium Halide thin films, namely, Cesium Chloride (CsCl), Cesium Bromide (CsBr) and Cesium Iodide (CsI). The optical properties stood out due to the singular appearance of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peaks in the vis...
2,877,628,091,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \tableofcontents \section{Introduction and summary} Moduli stabilization in string theory is a long-standing crucial issue if one is to make contact with low energy (accelerator) physics \cite{Lust:2008qc}. A very promising path is to turn on fluxes along the internal directions that generat...
2,877,628,091,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The starting point of our study is to consider a system of $N$ agents with wealth denoted by $X_1,\ldots,X_N$. At each iteration, two agents picked randomly (say $i$ and $j$) reshuffle their combined wealth by flipping a sequence of fair coins. Mathematically, this exchange rule can be written a...
2,877,628,091,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S-intro} Transformation Optics \cite{Kildishev-S-2011pu} and Transformation Acoustics \cite{Chen-C-2010jpd} are powerful new techniques used to design \emph{transformation devices}, which usually tend to the exotic -- invisibility or event cloaks \cite{McCall-FKB-2011jo}, illu...
2,877,628,091,484
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Present cosmological and astrophysical observations clearly depict a universe dominated by ``dark'' components, being it made by dark matter for $25 \%$ and by dark energy for $71 \%$, while ordinary baryonic matter contributes for only the remaining $4 \%$ \citep{Komat...
2,877,628,091,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Background} Let $G$ be a simple graph on $n$ vertices, and $I(G)$ its edge ideal, i.e., a squarefree monomial ideal in $R=\Bbbk[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ with monomial generators $x_ix_j$ corresponding to each edge $\{i,j\}\in G$. Such ideals have been extensively studied in such papers as \cite{...
2,877,628,091,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we explore signed decompositions of integers by various sequences. After briefly reviewing the literature, we state our results about uniqueness of decomposition, number of summands, and gaps between summands. In the course of our analysis we find a new way to interpret an earlier ...
2,877,628,091,487
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Frustrated quantum systems pose a significant challenge to condensed matter theory due to their extensive ground state degeneracy \cite{Wannier1950,Anderson1987} and can show fractional quasi-particle statistics as known from quantum Hall physics \cite{Wen1989}. There are a wide variety of intere...
2,877,628,091,488
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graphene is the first experimentally-realizable stable true atomic monolayer. It has a host of unusual electronic properties \cite{castro_neto_review2009,chakraborty_review,meso_review}. After its discovery, physical properties of graphene became the subject of intense scientific efforts. In add...
2,877,628,091,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:0}} Recent advances in the synthesis and experimental investigation of electronic-structure and chemical properties of superheavy elements as well as the prospects for further progress in this field~\cite{Oganessian:2016:901, Oganessian:2017:023003, Nazarewicz:2018:537, Giuliani:2019:0...
2,877,628,091,490
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} A nova is a powerful eruption following a thermonuclear runaway (TNR) that occurs below the surface of a white dwarf (WD) \cite[]{Starrfield1972,Shara1981,Starrfield2008}. The TNR is the inevitable result of a critical amount of (mostly) hydrogen being pulled away from its compa...
2,877,628,091,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Biomembranes exert various types of repulsive and attractive forces on each other. The van der Waals forces are weakly attractive---these vary as $1/d^3$ for close separations and transition to $1/d^5$ at larger distances \cite {Helfrich84, Ninham70}. Here $d$ is the mean distance between the int...
2,877,628,091,492
arxiv
\section{Kriging} In Universal Kriging, the trend term in relation (\ref{1}) is an unknown linear combination of known functions $f_j(.)$ with unknown coefficients $\beta_j$, that is \begin{eqnarray*} \mu(t) = \Sigma_{j=1}^{P+1}\beta_{j-1}f_{j-1}(t) \end{eqnarray*} where $\beta = (\beta_0, ... ,\beta_p)^{\prime}\in R^...
2,877,628,091,493
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Scalar-tensor theories of gravity have attracted much attention since the pioneering example of Brans-Dicke theory~\cite{Brans:1961sx}. The physical relevance of such models could be tested, in particular, in strong gravity systems, namely black holes (BHs). On the one hand, as it turns out, the...
2,877,628,091,494
arxiv
\subsection{Verbleibende Punkte}
2,877,628,091,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Fermi--LAT telescope has measured \cite{Ackermann:2014usa} the extragalactic gamma--ray flux, generated by the ensemble of all extragalactic sources, in the energy range 0.1--820~GeV. The total flux (commonly called Extragalactic Gamma Background or EGB) can be decomposed i...
2,877,628,091,496
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The light-harvesting antenna complexes of purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacteria provide prime examples for the importance of quantum effects for biological function~\cite{cogdell06_227,scholes17_647}. Fascination especially among non-biologists has been triggered by the publication of the hi...
2,877,628,091,497
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding common difficulties students exhibit in learning conceptual physics has been an important research strand in physics education research (PER) since its inception. This work was greatly advanced by the introduction of multiple-choice conceptual instruments measuring students' unders...
2,877,628,091,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Topological actions\footnote{Unfortunately, the word `action' has very different meanings in mathematics and physics and both meanings feature in this work; we hope that no confusion results.} have come to play an important r\^{o}le in physics. Examples include the Aharonov--Bohm...
2,877,628,091,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Dielectrons were proposed several decades ago~\cite{Shuryak1978} to be an important source of information from the hot and dense medium, which can be created in heavy-ion collisions. Since dielectrons are emitted throughout the collision process and do not interact via the strong in...
2,877,628,091,500
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the approaches to proving integrality of the $(q,t)$-Kostka coef\/f\/icients is the idea, due to Kirillov--Noumi \cite{kin,kin1} and Lapointe--Vinet \cite{lv,lv1}, of using raising operators for Macdonald polynomials. (See also \cite{gr,gt,kn,sa1} for other approaches.) In their proof Kir...
2,877,628,091,501
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \noindent Stellar systems (i.e. single or multiple stars) form in groups. The dynamical processes within these alter the properties of the young systems when they leave the site where they formed. The dynamical properties of a stellar system are its mass (i.e. luminosity if age...
2,877,628,091,502
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \setlength\tabcolsep{2pt} \setlength\extrarowheight{4pt} \begin{table*}[!ht] \centering \caption{Covariance matrix for the parametrization of the energy-loss function for molecular tritium, as provided in Tab.~\ref{tab:fitResults}.} \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{% \begin{tabular}{c|ccccccccc} \top...
2,877,628,091,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper aims to teach a machine to discover the laws of physics from video streams. In the apocryphal story, Isaac Newton's observation of a falling apple was a catalyst for deriving his physical laws. In like fashion, our machine aims to observe the dynamics of a moving object as a means to ...
2,877,628,091,504
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} This paper advocates input quantization for the verification of neural networks with low-dimensional inputs. Our experiments show that this technique is significantly faster and more scalable than verifiers that analyze the internal computations of the neural networks on verifying ACAS Xu networ...
2,877,628,091,505
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Driven by the need for flexible and efficient manufacturing, an increasing number of affordable mobile robots are expected to be deployed in warehouse environments for transportation purposes. One key component to support the applications of large scale robots is the multi-agent...
2,877,628,091,506
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among the different theoretical {\em predictive} approaches to the physics of glass-forming liquids, the mode-couplig theory (MCT) \cite{KobBinder,Goetze} is among the few descriptions rooted at a true microscopic level (see also \cite{ParisiRMP,Schweizer2005JCP}). Indeed, the starting point o...
2,877,628,091,507
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the pioneering work of Schwarzschild \cite{Schwarzschild:1916uq} and Tolman \cite{Tolman:1939jz}, in General Relativity (GR) compact objects are usually modeled using spherically symmetric perfect fluid solutions of the Einstein field equations. With the subsequent discovery of white dwarf...
2,877,628,091,508
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{About the problem} \noindent A hyperbolic cone-structure on an oriented surface $S$ is a geometric structure locally modeled on the hyperbolic plane, with its group of orientation-preserving isometries $\mathrm{PSL}_2\R$. Any hyperbolic structure induces in a natural way a holono...
2,877,628,091,509
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The magnetic field holds a central position within solar research such as sunspots, coronal loops, prominences, and spectacular solar phenomena like flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). It has been commonly accepted that the energy released by solar flare (which is usually...
2,877,628,091,510
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} Our nearest neighbouring large spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, also known as \object{M~31}\ or \object{NGC~224}, is an ideal target for an X-ray source population study of a galaxy similar to the Milky Way. Its proximity \citep[distance 780 kpc,][]{1998AJ....115.1916H,1998A...
2,877,628,091,511
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The night sky brightness, the number of clear nights, the seeing, transparency and photometric stability are some of the most important parameters that qualify a site for front-line ground-based astronomy. There is limited control over all these parameters, and only in the case of the sky bright...
2,877,628,091,512
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Four-dimensional quantum field theories play a crucial role in the mathematical description of the fundamental forces of nature. The path integral formalism developed by R.P. Feynman has been established since decades to quantize classical field theories and thus, to formulate quantum field th...
2,877,628,091,513
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction} In [Pop17], we proposed a new approach to the Mirror Symmetry Conjecture extended to {\bf possibly non-K\"ahler} compact complex manifolds. One of the main ideas was to substitute the Gauduchon cone for the classical K\"ahler cone that is empty on a non-K\"ahler man...
2,877,628,091,514
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \emph{Photoacoustic Imaging} is a promising imaging technique for visualizing biological material parameters. In experiments, the medium is exposed to a short pulse of an electromagnetic wave. The medium absorbs a fraction of the induced energy, heats up, and reacts with thermoelastic expansion...
2,877,628,091,515
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Using present data from neutrino oscillations, the $3 \times 3$ neutrino mixing matrix is largely determined, together with the two mass-squared differences \cite{data}. In the Standard Model of particle interactions, there are 3 lepton families. The charged-lepton mass matrix linking left...
2,877,628,091,516
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Agent-based simulation is a powerful tool assisting life scientists in better understanding complex biological systems. In silico simulation is an inexpensive and efficient way to rapidly test hypotheses about the (patho)physiology of cellular populations, tissues, organs, or entire org...
2,877,628,091,517
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\underline{\mathbf{f}}=(f_{1}, f_{2}, f_{3})$ be a triple of normalized newforms in $S^{\mathrm{new}}_{2}(\Gamma_{0}(N))^{3}$ of level $N\geq 5$. We assume that $N=N^{+}N^{-}$ is a factorization of $N$ such that $(N^{+}, N^{-})=1$ and $N^{-}$ is square-free with odd number of prime factors....
2,877,628,091,518
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of the Integer Quantum Hall effect (IQHE) stimulates novel fundamental concepts in condensed matter physics, such as the gauge invariance,\cite{prb23.5632}, edge state,\cite{prb25.2185} and Chern number\cite{prl49.405}. In particular, Y. Hatsugai reveals the relationship between Che...
2,877,628,091,519
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Why is the Higgs boson important? The Higgs field couples to all the particles in the standard model (SM). The Higgs field obtains the vacuum expectation values (VEV) $v$ by electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB), triggered by some unknown dynamics. The weak gauge bosons become massive due to...
2,877,628,091,520
arxiv
\section{Introduction In Bayesian inference, complete knowledge about a vector of model parameters, $\theta\in\Theta$, obtained by fitting a model $\mathcal{M}$, is contained in the posterior distribution. Here, prior beliefs about the model parameters as expressed through the prior distribution, $\pi(\theta)$, are ...
2,877,628,091,521
arxiv
\section{Introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{M}{any} Smart City projects rely on information collected from public sensor networks monitoring, among others: traffic, parking availability, pollution, noise, etc. (see, for instance,~\cite{iot_santander}). Examples, such as the city of Barcelona~\cite{iot_barcelona}, show be...
2,877,628,091,522
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledge} \vspace{-0.3cm} We thank Zeyuan Allen-Zhu for valuable discussions and comments, Microsoft Research Technology Engineering team for setting up GPU machines. Research was sponsored in part by DARPA No. W911NF-17-C-0099 and FA8750-19-2-1004, National Science Foundation IIS 16-18481, IIS 17-04532, ...
2,877,628,091,523
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since spin-transfer torque (STT) lives at the heart of the data storage industry, it attracts great interest\cite{Chappert20099,Parkin 2008,Pinarbasi,Mamura2022JMMM,Tsymbal2009Book,Cai2021Sci,Yuasa2018}. The mutual interactions between the spin of charge carriers and magnetic orders cause the STT...
2,877,628,091,524
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Recently, Bern, Dixon and Smirnov have proposed an ansatz~\cite{Bern:2005iz} for the colour-stripped $l$-loop $n$-gluon scattering amplitude in the maximally supersymmetric $\begin{cal}N\end{cal}=4$ Yang-Mills theory (MSYM), with the maximally-helicity violating (MHV) configu...
2,877,628,091,525
arxiv
\section{Appendix} For the evaluation we use $mIoU$ (mean intersection over union), Dice score and $F1$-score. The mIoU metric was used to compare our result to already existing approaches. For all images and $k$ classes is defined as follows: $$ mIoU = \frac{1}{k} \sum\limits_{i = 1}^k \frac{TP_{ii}}{\sum\limits_{j ...
2,877,628,091,526
arxiv
\section{White Paper Information} \begin{enumerate} \item {\bf Science Category:} the basic science theme of this project is the Milky Way Structure and Formation. However, since it is based on variable stars as population tracers and distance indicators, it is also related to the Explore the Changing Sky theme. \item...
2,877,628,091,527
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our current world is more complex than ever: emerging technologies continue to develop, providing a solid foundation for stronger growth while changing people’s lifestyles; the pandemic has had a huge impact on economics \cite{maital2020global}, education \cite{setiawan2020covid}, lifestyle \cit...
2,877,628,091,528
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} When we are faced with a problem, we try to recall similar problems that we have faced in the past, so that we can transfer our knowledge from past experience to the current problem. We make an analogy between the past situation and the current situation, and we use the analogy...
2,877,628,091,529
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} I would like to thank R.M. Green for many useful conversations during the preparation of this article. \bibliographystyle{plain}
2,877,628,091,530
arxiv
\section{introduction} Inter- and intra- molecular forces are key to the stability of DNA and biological processes {\it e.g.} transcription, replication, slippage etc. \cite{albert,israel}. Up to now, understanding of these forces was possible through the indirect physical and thermodynamical measurements like crys...
2,877,628,091,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Advancements in \textit{in vivo} neuroimaging have resulted in large volumes of clinically acquired, high-dimensional MRI datasets. Quantitative analysis of multimodal imaging data in clinical settings is essential for assessing tumor burden and treatment response in an objective and noninvasive ...
2,877,628,091,532
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textit{Introduction.---} The power of classical statistical mechanics is rooted in the ergodic hypothesis, but in closed quantum many-body systems, how ``memories'' are forgotten in a realistic time scale \cite{Luca2016,Mori2018,BORGONOVI2016,Gogolin2016} --- how steady states and thermal beha...
2,877,628,091,533
arxiv
\subsection{Basic notions} \label{subsection:basic notions} Let $M$ be a $2d$-dimensional manifold endowed with a symplectic structure, i.e. a closed and nondegenerate 2-form $\omega$. The pair $(M,\omega)$ is called a symplectic manifold which is also a volume manifold by Liouville's theorem. Let $\mu$ be the so-call...
2,877,628,091,534
arxiv
\section{Operators and Observables} In this section, we define all the operators that are used in the main text: \begin{equation} \begin{split} n_{i\gamma\sigma} &= c^{\dagger}_{i \gamma \sigma} c_{i \gamma \sigma}, \\ n_{i\gamma} &= n_{i \gamma \uparrow} + n_{i \gamma \downarrow}, \\ S^{\kappa}_{i \gamma} &=\frac{...
2,877,628,091,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We develop an application to $SAT$, to be positioned in current stream of interest in the structure of Boolean satisfiability \cite{kolaitis}. We use $strings$ in a technical sense, borrowed from Computability \cite{odifreddi}. An $encoded$ $decision$ $problem$ over $\Sigma$ is a pair $(E, F)$ ...
2,877,628,091,536
arxiv
\section{Figures for Section~\ref{sec:expander}} \section{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:weakI}} \label{sec:proof of weakI} \begin{algorithm}[bt] \caption{Weak system.} \label{algo:weak} \begin{algorithmic} \Require{$N$, $s$, $\mtx{\Phi}$ (adjacency matrix of a $d$-left-regular expander $G$), $\mtx{\Phi}\signal$, and $I$...
2,877,628,091,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper concerns the following question. \begin{problem}\label{main problem} {\em Let $X$ denote the space $\mathbb{R}^n$ or, more generally, a Banach space, and let $\mathcal{C}$ be a differentiability class. Given an arbitrary subset $C$ of $X$ and a collection $\mathcal{H}$ of affine hyp...
2,877,628,091,538
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{mvb:introduction} Undirected graphical models have been proved to be useful in a variety of applications in statistical machine learning. Statisticians and computer scientists devoted resources to studies in graphs with nodes representing both continuous and discrete variables. Such mo...
2,877,628,091,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The free energy of mono-domain ferromagnetic particles depends on the relative orientation of the magnetization with respect to the crystal lattice. This magnetic anisotropy results from the combination of Coulomb repulsion favoring spin polarization, spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and the cryst...
2,877,628,091,540
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Adaptive Behaviour Modeling for Ga\-me Theory} Since the five last decades, game theory \index{game theory} has become a major aspect in economic sciences modelling \index{economic modelling} and in a great number of domains where strategical aspects has to be involved. Game theory is usually ...
2,877,628,091,541
arxiv
\section{Topological Charge in Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories} \subsection{Topological Susceptibility and Long Range Order in Chern-Simons Currents} The possibility that the vacuum of pure-glue QCD possesses a ``secret long-range order'' associated with topological charge was first explored by Luscher \cite{Lusc...
2,877,628,091,542
arxiv
\section{Overview and Motivation} Almost for the past one decade, the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re}-\cite{Aharony:1999ti} has been found to provide an extremely elegant tool in order to explore various physical properties of strongly coupled (gauge theory) plasma at sufficiently high temperatures. The ...
2,877,628,091,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1975 Nancy Lynch~\cite{L} proved that for every computable decision problem not decidable in polynomial time there exists an infinite computable set of instances, $X$, such that the problem cannot be decided in polynomial time on any infinite subset of $X$. Such an $X$ is called a complexity ...
2,877,628,091,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a gas of particles so dilute that binary collisions are dominant. The collision between two particles with thermal momenta $p_{th}=\hbar k_{th} =2\pi/\lambda_{dB}$ is said to be in the ultracold regime if the range of the accompanying interaction is smaller than the de Broglie wave len...
2,877,628,091,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The experimental observation of neutrino oscillations, reported, e.g., in Ref.~\cite{Ago18}, confirmed that neutrinos are massive particles having nonzero mixing between different flavors. Among various types of neutrino oscillations, we distinguish neutrino spin oscillations~\cite{GiuStu15...
2,877,628,091,546
arxiv
\section*{Hansen et al. Example} \vspace*{-1pt} In Section 3.2, I cited the well-known Hansen,~Ma\-dow and Tepping (HMT) example illustrating the dangers of using model-dependent methods with fair\-ly large samples even under minor model misspecifications. Sedransk argues in his discussion that new advances in m...
2,877,628,091,547
arxiv
\section{Small net for noise attenuated linear juntas}~\label{sec:noise-attenuated} In this section, we are going to prove the following theorem which essentially shows the existence of a small cover for noise stable linear juntas. {To state this theorem, we will require one crucial fact about noise attenuated functio...
2,877,628,091,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{0mm} \label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{G}aussian distribution is the ubiquitous probability distribution used in statistics, signal processing, and pattern recognition areas~\cite{Park2013}. However, not all the data being processed are Gaussian distributed~\cite{Ma2011}. In many real-li...
2,877,628,091,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is not difficult to see that for the 2-element group $\mathbb{Z}_2 = \langle\{0,1\}, + \rangle$, the term operation $m(x,y,z) = x + y + z$ satisfies the equations \begin{equation}\label{min-eq} m(y,x,x) \approx m(x,y,x) \approx m(x,x,y) \approx y. \end{equation} A slightly more chal...
2,877,628,091,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After receiving paper reviews, authors may optionally submit a rebuttal to address the reviewers' comments, which will be limited to a {\bf one page} PDF file. Please follow the steps and style guidelines outlined below for submitting your author response. The author rebuttal is optional and, f...
2,877,628,091,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent When a liquid is quenched faster than its critical cooling rate, crystallization events can be overcome and atoms can structurally freeze into a disordered solid state.\textsuperscript{\cite{Turnbull1969,Zhong2014a,Salinga2018}} Upon cooling the melt, the atomic mobility decreases. Eve...
2,877,628,091,552
arxiv
\section{Materials and Methods} To make the gelatin gels, we dissolved 5g gelatin (General purpose grade gelatine, Fisher) in a mixture of 80 mls glycerol (VWR) and 20 mls de-ionized water. The mixture was heated with stirring at 90$^{\circ}$ for 30 minutes (following \cite{baum06}). After heating, 100$\mu$l of 100nm-...
2,877,628,091,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Is everything known about Anderson localization\cite{1,2}? The answer is, surprisingly, negative. Since in real devices we cannot completely get rid of disorder, the subject, although over 56 years old, still remains an active part of condensed matter physics and from time to time holds surpr...