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2,877,628,091,454 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) have been attracting considerable attention as a promising candidate material
for spintronics devices. The basic concept is to utilize spin polarized carriers created by strong exchange interaction
between localized $d$-electrons of diluted magnetic ions an... |
2,877,628,091,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mechanisms that lead to separation of boundary currents in the ocean are poorly understood. Numerical models can provide only a small contribution to a better understanding of boundary separation, since the representation of the coast line in today's ocean models differs in essential proper... |
2,877,628,091,456 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The essential problem in statistics is to bound the probability of a surprising observation, under a \emph{null hypothesis} that observations are being drawn from some unbiased probability distribution. This calculation can fail to be straightforward for a number of reasons. On the one hand, de... |
2,877,628,091,457 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The obstacle avoidance problem is a long lasting problem that has attracted the attention of the robotics and control communities for decades. In a typical robot navigation scenario, the robot is required to reach a given goal (destination) while avoiding to collide with a set of obstacle regions... |
2,877,628,091,458 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Variational studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of
correlated systems. In part this is due to their relative simplicity,
applicability to larger sizes irrespective of the number of dimensions, and
the easily accessible physical insight they provide. In the case of the
Hubbard... |
2,877,628,091,459 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Evolutionary search has frequently been used to generate artistic images~\cite{Heijer14,correia2013machado,DBLP:journals/tec/KowaliwDM12}. Images have a high-dimension. Previous work has either reduced the dimensionality of the search space through programmatic encodings~\ci... |
2,877,628,091,460 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Due to its potential to double network capacity at the physical (PHY) layer and to provide many other benefits at higher layers, full-duplex (FD) wireless has drawn significant attention~\cite{sabharwal2014band,bharadia2013full,zhou2017integrated}. The major challenge associated... |
2,877,628,091,461 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For safety reasons, trains currently operate strictly signal-based.
Therefore, each track is divided in multiple block sections delimited by
signals. The signals are coordinated by a central safety logic which guarantees
that only one train can occupy a block section at the same time. The necess... |
2,877,628,091,462 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
As one of the two competing theories for hiding extra dimensions, braneworlds have received a lot of attention, starting from the first attempts to get matter to stick on a field theory domain wall \cite{Akama:1982jy,Rubakov:1983bb}, and then to the understanding of how gravity can ... |
2,877,628,091,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Helical magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) are conventionally related to filaments (or prominences), which are one kind of the fundamental structures in the standard solar flare (or CSHKP) model \citep{Carmichael1964,Sturrock1966,Hirayama1974,KP1976}. Erupting MFRs and filaments are someti... |
2,877,628,091,464 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider only simple graphs. Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set
$V_G$ and edge set $E_G$. Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field. We adopt the
notation and terminology from \cite{AB} and \cite{We}.
An $n\times n$ matrix $A$ over $\mathbb{F}$ is skew-symmetric
(respectively, symmetric) if $A^T=... |
2,877,628,091,465 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of a gluon self-coupling in QCD suggests that, in addition to
the conventional $q\bar{q}$ states, there may be non-$q\bar{q}$ mesons: bound
states including gluons (gluonia and glueballs, and $q\bar{q}g$ hybrids) and
multiquark states \cite{1}. Since the theoretical guidance on t... |
2,877,628,091,466 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
In \cite{B13} Example 1, A. Borisov devised a polynomial map called the \textit{additive trap} $F_{at}:\mathbb{A}_\mathbb{Z}^2\to \mathbb{A}_\mathbb{Z}^2$ by defining $F_{at}(x,y)=(x^2y,x^2y+xy^2)$. This polynomial map satisfies the following properties :
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\i... |
2,877,628,091,467 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A convex body $K$ in ${\mathbb R}^n$ is called isotropic if it has volume $|K|=1$, its center of mass is at the origin
(we call these convex bodies ``centered"), and its inertia matrix is a multiple of the identity matrix: there exists a constant $L_K >0$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:intr... |
2,877,628,091,468 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The last decades have witnessed important advancements in policy evaluation methods for assessing the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome of interest, which are particularly relevant in the context of data with many observations and/or observed covariates. Such advancements i... |
2,877,628,091,469 | arxiv | \section{Overview of Galaxy Scaling Relations}
The dynamics of disk galaxies are well-organized, following a variety of well-established scaling relations.
These relations are remarkably tight,
and can be summarized with a few simple rules: \\
\begin{enumerate}[label=\arabic*.\ ]
\item \textbf{Flat Rotation Curves... |
2,877,628,091,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is an important theme of current research in
analysis to decompose
more complicated operators, such as the Cauchy integral on Lipschitz curves
\cite{calderon}, as a sum of simpler operators. This theme has taken special
prominence in multilinear Harmonic Analysis, beginning with the w... |
2,877,628,091,471 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Stable matching in ${\mathbb R}^d$}
Let $S$ be a set of points in ${\mathbb R}^d$,
and let $M$ be a matching of $S$.
For each $x\in S$, write
$d_M(x)$ for the distance of $x$ from its partner
in the matching $M$, with $d_M(x)=\infty$ if $x$ is
unmatched by $M$.
A pair of distinct poi... |
2,877,628,091,472 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{intro}
\section{Preliminaries}\label{sec:prelims}
\input{prelim}
\section{Proof of \cref{thm:main}}\label{sec:main}
\input{theproof}
\section{Wrapping up the proof of \cref{thm:conj}}\label{sec:wrap-up}
\input{sec-wrap-up}
\section{Conclusion}
\input{outro}
\bibliographystyle{abbrv}
... |
2,877,628,091,473 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the progress of learning-based computer vision, recent research efforts have been extended from image tasks to the more challenging video domains. Video tasks, such as object detection \cite{deng2009imagenet}, video instance segmentation ~\cite{yang2019video}, and multi-object tracking and s... |
2,877,628,091,474 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most puzzling aspects of cosmology is the unknown reason for the
dominance of matter over anti-matter in our Universe. Within the Standard
Model of particle physics there is no explanation for this observation and
hence a new mechanism has to be responsible. A favored model called
le... |
2,877,628,091,475 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the present article we are interested in developing a finite element method for solving the Stokes problem with surface tension on an immersed \textcolor{black}{interface}. \textcolor{black}{This problem concerns the simulation} of the motion of a bubble-soap for example. We consider that the... |
2,877,628,091,476 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1961, Shockley and Queisser found the upper theoretical limit for the efficiency of p-n junction solar energy converters to be about 30\%. This is known as the Shockley-Queisser thermodynamic limit.\cite{shockley_Detailed_1961} Since then, there have been two main approaches for increasing the... |
2,877,628,091,477 | arxiv |
\section*{Introduction}
In the past two decades the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) $-$ one of the oldest known manifestations of magnetism in solids $-$ has acquired a major role in testing various new paradigms and phenomena in condensed matter physics~\cite{RMP-AHE}. These include, but are not limited to, the issues re... |
2,877,628,091,478 | arxiv |
\section[Lecture 1]{Formal Aspects of Expectation-Value Theory}
\label{sec:1}
{\renewcommand{\theequation}{1.\arabic{equation}}
\subsubsection{Vocabulary}
In these lectures,
\begin{equation}
{\hat\varphi}^i
\end{equation}
denotes the quantum field. It is an operator function on a
given differentiable manifold (re... |
2,877,628,091,479 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Induced seismic hazard}
Seismicity caused by human activity, what is currently being called induced seismicity, is not a new phenomenon. Over the last several decades, workers have noted that earthquakes are triggered by human activities including nuclear explosions \citep{Boucher1969... |
2,877,628,091,480 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In our recent works we have reported about the optical properties of Cesium
Halide thin films, namely, Cesium Chloride (CsCl), Cesium Bromide (CsBr) and
Cesium Iodide (CsI). The optical properties stood out due to the singular
appearance of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peaks in the vis... |
2,877,628,091,481 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\tableofcontents
\section{Introduction and summary}
Moduli stabilization in string theory is a long-standing crucial
issue if one is to make contact with low energy (accelerator)
physics \cite{Lust:2008qc}. A very promising path is to turn on
fluxes along the internal directions that generat... |
2,877,628,091,482 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The starting point of our study is to consider a system of $N$ agents with wealth denoted by $X_1,\ldots,X_N$. At each iteration, two agents picked randomly (say $i$ and $j$) reshuffle their combined wealth by flipping a sequence of fair coins. Mathematically, this exchange rule can be written a... |
2,877,628,091,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S-intro}
Transformation Optics \cite{Kildishev-S-2011pu}
and
Transformation Acoustics \cite{Chen-C-2010jpd}
are powerful new techniques used to design
\emph{transformation devices},
which usually tend to the exotic --
invisibility or event cloaks \cite{McCall-FKB-2011jo},
illu... |
2,877,628,091,484 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Present cosmological and astrophysical observations clearly depict
a universe dominated by ``dark'' components, being it made by dark
matter for $25 \%$ and by dark energy for $71 \%$, while ordinary
baryonic matter contributes for only the remaining $4 \%$
\citep{Komat... |
2,877,628,091,485 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Background}
Let $G$ be a simple graph on $n$ vertices, and $I(G)$ its edge ideal,
i.e., a squarefree monomial ideal in $R=\Bbbk[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ with monomial
generators $x_ix_j$ corresponding to each edge $\{i,j\}\in G$.
Such ideals have been extensively studied in such papers as
\cite{... |
2,877,628,091,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we explore signed decompositions of integers by various sequences. After briefly reviewing the literature, we state our results about uniqueness of decomposition, number of summands, and gaps between summands. In the course of our analysis we find a new way to interpret an earlier ... |
2,877,628,091,487 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Frustrated quantum systems pose a significant challenge to condensed matter theory due to their extensive ground state degeneracy \cite{Wannier1950,Anderson1987} and can show fractional quasi-particle statistics as known from quantum Hall physics \cite{Wen1989}. There are a wide variety of intere... |
2,877,628,091,488 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graphene is the first experimentally-realizable stable true atomic
monolayer. It has a host of unusual electronic properties
\cite{castro_neto_review2009,chakraborty_review,meso_review}.
After its discovery, physical properties of graphene became the subject of
intense scientific efforts. In add... |
2,877,628,091,489 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:0}}
Recent advances in the synthesis and experimental investigation of electronic-structure and chemical properties of superheavy elements as well as the prospects for further progress in this field~\cite{Oganessian:2016:901, Oganessian:2017:023003, Nazarewicz:2018:537, Giuliani:2019:0... |
2,877,628,091,490 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A nova is a powerful eruption following a thermonuclear runaway (TNR) that occurs below the surface of a white dwarf (WD) \cite[]{Starrfield1972,Shara1981,Starrfield2008}. The TNR is the inevitable result of a critical amount of (mostly) hydrogen being pulled away from its compa... |
2,877,628,091,491 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Biomembranes exert various types of repulsive and attractive forces on each other. The van der Waals forces are weakly attractive---these vary as $1/d^3$ for close separations and transition to $1/d^5$ at larger distances \cite {Helfrich84, Ninham70}. Here $d$ is the mean distance between the int... |
2,877,628,091,492 | arxiv | \section{Kriging}
In Universal Kriging, the trend term in relation (\ref{1})
is an unknown linear combination of known
functions $f_j(.)$ with unknown coefficients $\beta_j$, that is
\begin{eqnarray*}
\mu(t) = \Sigma_{j=1}^{P+1}\beta_{j-1}f_{j-1}(t)
\end{eqnarray*}
where $\beta = (\beta_0, ... ,\beta_p)^{\prime}\in R^... |
2,877,628,091,493 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
Scalar-tensor theories of gravity have attracted much attention since the pioneering example of Brans-Dicke theory~\cite{Brans:1961sx}. The physical relevance of such models could be tested, in particular, in strong gravity systems, namely black holes (BHs). On the one hand, as it turns out, the... |
2,877,628,091,494 | arxiv | \subsection{Verbleibende Punkte}
|
2,877,628,091,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The Fermi--LAT telescope has measured \cite{Ackermann:2014usa}
the extragalactic gamma--ray flux,
generated by the ensemble of all extragalactic sources,
in the energy range 0.1--820~GeV.
The total flux (commonly called Extragalactic Gamma Background or EGB)
can be decomposed i... |
2,877,628,091,496 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The light-harvesting antenna complexes of purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacteria provide prime examples for the importance of quantum effects for biological function~\cite{cogdell06_227,scholes17_647}. Fascination especially among non-biologists has been triggered by the publication of the hi... |
2,877,628,091,497 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding common difficulties students exhibit in learning
conceptual physics has been an important research strand in
physics education research (PER) since its inception. This work
was greatly advanced by the introduction of multiple-choice
conceptual instruments measuring students' unders... |
2,877,628,091,498 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Topological actions\footnote{Unfortunately, the word `action' has very different meanings in mathematics and physics and both meanings feature in this work; we hope that no confusion results.} have come to play an important r\^{o}le in physics. Examples include the Aharonov--Bohm... |
2,877,628,091,499 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Dielectrons were proposed several decades ago~\cite{Shuryak1978} to be an important source of information from the hot and
dense medium, which can be created in heavy-ion collisions. Since dielectrons are emitted throughout the collision process and do not
interact via the strong in... |
2,877,628,091,500 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the approaches to proving integrality of the $(q,t)$-Kostka
coef\/f\/icients is the idea, due to Kirillov--Noumi \cite{kin,kin1} and
Lapointe--Vinet \cite{lv,lv1}, of using raising operators for Macdonald
polynomials. (See also \cite{gr,gt,kn,sa1} for other
approaches.) In their proof Kir... |
2,877,628,091,501 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\noindent Stellar systems (i.e. single or multiple stars) form in
groups. The dynamical processes within these alter the properties of
the young systems when they leave the site where they formed. The
dynamical properties of a stellar system are its mass (i.e. luminosity
if age... |
2,877,628,091,502 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\setlength\tabcolsep{2pt}
\setlength\extrarowheight{4pt}
\begin{table*}[!ht]
\centering
\caption{Covariance matrix for the parametrization of the energy-loss function for molecular tritium, as provided in Tab.~\ref{tab:fitResults}.}
\resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{c|ccccccccc}
\top... |
2,877,628,091,503 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper aims to teach a machine to discover the laws of physics from video streams. In the apocryphal story, Isaac Newton's observation of a falling apple was a catalyst for deriving his physical laws. In like fashion, our machine aims to observe the dynamics of a moving object as a means to ... |
2,877,628,091,504 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
This paper advocates input quantization for the verification of neural networks
with low-dimensional inputs. Our experiments show that this technique is
significantly faster and more scalable than verifiers that analyze the internal
computations of the neural networks on verifying ACAS Xu networ... |
2,877,628,091,505 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Driven by the need for flexible and efficient manufacturing, an increasing number of affordable mobile robots are expected to be deployed in warehouse environments for transportation purposes. One key component to support the applications of large scale robots is the multi-agent... |
2,877,628,091,506 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Among the different theoretical {\em predictive} approaches to the physics of glass-forming liquids, the mode-couplig theory (MCT) \cite{KobBinder,Goetze} is among the few descriptions rooted at a true microscopic level (see also \cite{ParisiRMP,Schweizer2005JCP}). Indeed, the starting point o... |
2,877,628,091,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the pioneering work of Schwarzschild \cite{Schwarzschild:1916uq} and Tolman \cite{Tolman:1939jz}, in General Relativity (GR) compact objects are usually modeled using spherically symmetric perfect fluid solutions of the Einstein field equations. With the subsequent discovery of white dwarf... |
2,877,628,091,508 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{About the problem}
\noindent A hyperbolic cone-structure on an oriented surface $S$ is a geometric structure locally modeled on the hyperbolic plane, with its group of orientation-preserving isometries $\mathrm{PSL}_2\R$. Any hyperbolic structure induces in a natural way a holono... |
2,877,628,091,509 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The magnetic field holds a central position within solar research such
as sunspots, coronal loops, prominences, and spectacular solar
phenomena like flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). It has been
commonly accepted that the energy released by solar flare (which is
usually... |
2,877,628,091,510 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
Our nearest neighbouring large spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, also known as \object{M~31}\ or \object{NGC~224}, is an ideal target for an X-ray source population study of a galaxy similar to the Milky Way. Its proximity \citep[distance 780 kpc,][]{1998AJ....115.1916H,1998A... |
2,877,628,091,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The night sky brightness, the number of clear nights, the seeing,
transparency and photometric stability are some of the most important
parameters that qualify a site for front-line ground-based
astronomy. There is limited control over all these parameters, and
only in the case of the sky bright... |
2,877,628,091,512 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Four-dimensional quantum field theories play a crucial role in the mathematical
description of the fundamental forces of nature. The path integral formalism developed
by R.P. Feynman has been established since decades to quantize classical
field theories and thus, to formulate quantum field th... |
2,877,628,091,513 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction}
In [Pop17], we proposed a new approach to the Mirror Symmetry Conjecture extended to {\bf possibly non-K\"ahler} compact complex manifolds. One of the main ideas was to substitute the Gauduchon cone for the classical K\"ahler cone that is empty on a non-K\"ahler man... |
2,877,628,091,514 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Photoacoustic Imaging} is a promising imaging technique for visualizing biological material parameters. In
experiments, the medium is exposed to a short pulse of an electromagnetic wave. The medium absorbs a fraction of
the induced energy, heats up, and reacts with thermoelastic expansion... |
2,877,628,091,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Using present data from neutrino oscillations, the $3 \times 3$ neutrino
mixing matrix is largely determined, together with the two mass-squared
differences \cite{data}. In the Standard Model of particle interactions,
there are 3 lepton families. The charged-lepton mass matrix linking
left... |
2,877,628,091,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Agent-based simulation is a powerful tool assisting life scientists in
better understanding complex biological systems.
In silico simulation is an inexpensive and efficient way to rapidly test hypotheses
about the (patho)physiology of cellular populations, tissues, organs, or
entire org... |
2,877,628,091,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\underline{\mathbf{f}}=(f_{1}, f_{2}, f_{3})$ be a triple of normalized newforms in $S^{\mathrm{new}}_{2}(\Gamma_{0}(N))^{3}$ of level $N\geq 5$. We assume that $N=N^{+}N^{-}$ is a factorization of $N$ such that $(N^{+}, N^{-})=1$ and $N^{-}$ is square-free with odd number of prime factors.... |
2,877,628,091,518 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of the Integer Quantum Hall effect (IQHE) stimulates
novel fundamental concepts in condensed matter physics, such as the
gauge invariance,\cite{prb23.5632}, edge state,\cite{prb25.2185} and
Chern number\cite{prl49.405}. In particular, Y. Hatsugai reveals the
relationship between Che... |
2,877,628,091,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Why is the Higgs boson important?
The Higgs field couples to all the particles in the standard model (SM).
The Higgs field obtains the vacuum expectation values (VEV) $v$ by
electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB), triggered by some unknown dynamics.
The weak gauge bosons become massive due to... |
2,877,628,091,520 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
In Bayesian inference, complete knowledge about a vector of model parameters, $\theta\in\Theta$, obtained by fitting a model $\mathcal{M}$, is contained in the posterior distribution.
Here, prior beliefs about the model parameters as expressed through the prior distribution, $\pi(\theta)$, are ... |
2,877,628,091,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{any} Smart City projects rely on information collected from public sensor networks monitoring, among others: traffic, parking availability, pollution, noise, etc. (see, for instance,~\cite{iot_santander}). Examples, such as the city of Barcelona~\cite{iot_barcelona}, show be... |
2,877,628,091,522 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledge}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
We thank Zeyuan Allen-Zhu for valuable discussions and comments, Microsoft Research Technology Engineering team for setting up GPU machines.
Research was sponsored in part by DARPA No. W911NF-17-C-0099 and FA8750-19-2-1004, National Science Foundation IIS 16-18481, IIS 17-04532, ... |
2,877,628,091,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since spin-transfer torque (STT) lives at the heart of the data storage industry, it attracts great interest\cite{Chappert20099,Parkin 2008,Pinarbasi,Mamura2022JMMM,Tsymbal2009Book,Cai2021Sci,Yuasa2018}. The mutual interactions between the spin of charge carriers and magnetic orders cause the STT... |
2,877,628,091,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recently, Bern, Dixon and Smirnov have proposed an ansatz~\cite{Bern:2005iz}
for the colour-stripped $l$-loop $n$-gluon scattering amplitude in the maximally supersymmetric
$\begin{cal}N\end{cal}=4$ Yang-Mills theory (MSYM), with the maximally-helicity violating (MHV) configu... |
2,877,628,091,525 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
For the evaluation we use $mIoU$ (mean intersection over union), Dice score and $F1$-score.
The mIoU metric was used to compare our result to already existing approaches. For all images and $k$ classes is defined as follows:
$$
mIoU = \frac{1}{k} \sum\limits_{i = 1}^k \frac{TP_{ii}}{\sum\limits_{j ... |
2,877,628,091,526 | arxiv | \section{White Paper Information}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\bf Science Category:} the basic science theme of this project is the Milky Way Structure and Formation. However, since it is based on variable stars as population tracers and distance indicators, it is also related to the Explore the Changing Sky theme.
\item... |
2,877,628,091,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our current world is more complex than ever: emerging technologies continue to develop, providing a solid foundation for stronger growth while changing people’s lifestyles; the pandemic has had a huge impact on economics \cite{maital2020global}, education \cite{setiawan2020covid}, lifestyle \cit... |
2,877,628,091,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
When we are faced with a problem, we try to recall similar problems that
we have faced in the past, so that we can transfer our knowledge from
past experience to the current problem. We make an analogy between the
past situation and the current situation, and we use the analogy... |
2,877,628,091,529 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
I would like to thank R.M. Green for many useful conversations during the preparation of this article.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
|
2,877,628,091,530 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Inter- and intra- molecular forces are key to the stability of DNA and
biological processes {\it e.g.} transcription, replication, slippage
etc. \cite{albert,israel}. Up to now, understanding of these forces was
possible through the indirect physical and thermodynamical measurements like
crys... |
2,877,628,091,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Advancements in \textit{in vivo} neuroimaging have resulted in large volumes of clinically acquired, high-dimensional MRI datasets. Quantitative analysis of multimodal imaging data in clinical settings is essential for assessing tumor burden and treatment response in an objective and noninvasive ... |
2,877,628,091,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\textit{Introduction.---} The power of classical statistical mechanics is rooted
in the ergodic hypothesis, but in closed quantum many-body systems,
how ``memories'' are forgotten in a realistic time scale \cite{Luca2016,Mori2018,BORGONOVI2016,Gogolin2016}
--- how steady states and thermal beha... |
2,877,628,091,533 | arxiv | \subsection{Basic notions}
\label{subsection:basic notions}
Let $M$ be a $2d$-dimensional manifold endowed with a symplectic structure, i.e. a closed and nondegenerate 2-form $\omega$. The pair $(M,\omega)$ is called a symplectic manifold which is also a volume manifold by Liouville's theorem. Let $\mu$ be the so-call... |
2,877,628,091,534 | arxiv | \section{Operators and Observables}
In this section, we define all the operators that are used in the main text:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
n_{i\gamma\sigma} &= c^{\dagger}_{i \gamma \sigma} c_{i \gamma \sigma}, \\
n_{i\gamma} &= n_{i \gamma \uparrow} + n_{i \gamma \downarrow}, \\
S^{\kappa}_{i \gamma} &=\frac{... |
2,877,628,091,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We develop an application to $SAT$, to be positioned in current stream of interest in the structure of Boolean satisfiability \cite{kolaitis}. We use $strings$ in a technical sense, borrowed from Computability \cite{odifreddi}.
An $encoded$ $decision$ $problem$ over $\Sigma$ is a pair $(E, F)$ ... |
2,877,628,091,536 | arxiv | \section{Figures for Section~\ref{sec:expander}}
\section{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:weakI}}
\label{sec:proof of weakI}
\begin{algorithm}[bt]
\caption{Weak system.}
\label{algo:weak}
\begin{algorithmic}
\Require{$N$, $s$, $\mtx{\Phi}$ (adjacency matrix of a $d$-left-regular expander $G$),
$\mtx{\Phi}\signal$, and $I$... |
2,877,628,091,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper concerns the following question.
\begin{problem}\label{main problem}
{\em Let $X$ denote the space $\mathbb{R}^n$ or, more generally, a Banach space, and let $\mathcal{C}$ be a differentiability class. Given an arbitrary subset $C$ of $X$ and a collection $\mathcal{H}$ of affine hyp... |
2,877,628,091,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{mvb:introduction}
Undirected graphical models have been proved to be useful in a variety
of applications in statistical machine learning. Statisticians and
computer scientists devoted resources to studies in graphs with nodes
representing both continuous and discrete variables. Such mo... |
2,877,628,091,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The free energy of mono-domain ferromagnetic particles depends on the
relative orientation of the magnetization with respect to the crystal
lattice. This magnetic anisotropy results from the combination of
Coulomb repulsion favoring spin polarization, spin-orbit coupling
(SOC), and the cryst... |
2,877,628,091,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Adaptive Behaviour Modeling for Ga\-me Theory}
Since the five last decades, game theory \index{game theory}
has become a major aspect in economic
sciences modelling \index{economic modelling} and in a great number of domains where
strategical aspects has to be involved.
Game theory is usually ... |
2,877,628,091,541 | arxiv | \section{Topological Charge in Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories}
\subsection{Topological Susceptibility and Long Range Order in Chern-Simons Currents}
The possibility that the vacuum of pure-glue QCD possesses a ``secret long-range order'' associated with topological
charge was first explored by Luscher \cite{Lusc... |
2,877,628,091,542 | arxiv | \section{Overview and Motivation}
Almost for the past one decade, the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re}-\cite{Aharony:1999ti} has been found to provide an extremely elegant tool in order to explore various physical properties of strongly coupled (gauge theory) plasma at sufficiently high temperatures. The ... |
2,877,628,091,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1975 Nancy Lynch~\cite{L} proved that for every computable decision problem not decidable in polynomial time there exists an infinite computable set of instances,
$X$, such that the problem cannot be decided in polynomial time on any infinite subset of $X$. Such an $X$ is called a complexity ... |
2,877,628,091,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a gas of particles so dilute that binary collisions are dominant.
The collision between two particles with thermal momenta $p_{th}=\hbar k_{th} =2\pi/\lambda_{dB}$
is said to be in the ultracold regime if the range of the accompanying interaction
is smaller than the de Broglie wave len... |
2,877,628,091,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The experimental observation of neutrino oscillations, reported, e.g.,
in Ref.~\cite{Ago18}, confirmed that neutrinos are massive particles
having nonzero mixing between different flavors. Among various types
of neutrino oscillations, we distinguish neutrino spin oscillations~\cite{GiuStu15... |
2,877,628,091,546 | arxiv | \section*{Hansen et al. Example}
\vspace*{-1pt}
In Section 3.2, I cited the well-known Hansen,~Ma\-dow and Tepping (HMT)
example illustrating the dangers of using model-dependent methods with
fair\-ly large samples even under minor model misspecifications. Sedransk
argues in his discussion that new advances in m... |
2,877,628,091,547 | arxiv | \section{Small net for noise attenuated linear juntas}~\label{sec:noise-attenuated}
In this section, we are going to prove the following theorem which essentially shows the existence of a small cover for noise stable linear juntas.
{To state this theorem, we will require one crucial fact about noise attenuated functio... |
2,877,628,091,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{0mm}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{G}aussian distribution is the ubiquitous probability distribution used in statistics, signal processing, and pattern recognition areas~\cite{Park2013}. However, not all the data being processed are Gaussian distributed~\cite{Ma2011}. In many real-li... |
2,877,628,091,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is not difficult to see that for the 2-element group $\mathbb{Z}_2 =
\langle\{0,1\}, + \rangle$, the term operation $m(x,y,z) = x + y + z$ satisfies
the equations
\begin{equation}\label{min-eq}
m(y,x,x) \approx m(x,y,x) \approx m(x,x,y) \approx y.
\end{equation}
A slightly more chal... |
2,877,628,091,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After receiving paper reviews, authors may optionally submit a rebuttal to address the reviewers' comments, which will be limited to a {\bf one page} PDF file.
Please follow the steps and style guidelines outlined below for submitting your author response.
The author rebuttal is optional and, f... |
2,877,628,091,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent When a liquid is quenched faster than its critical cooling rate, crystallization events can be overcome and atoms can structurally freeze into a disordered solid state.\textsuperscript{\cite{Turnbull1969,Zhong2014a,Salinga2018}} Upon cooling the melt, the atomic mobility decreases. Eve... |
2,877,628,091,552 | arxiv | \section{Materials and Methods}
To make the gelatin gels, we dissolved 5g gelatin (General purpose grade gelatine, Fisher) in a mixture of 80 mls glycerol (VWR) and 20 mls de-ionized water. The mixture was heated with stirring at 90$^{\circ}$ for 30 minutes (following \cite{baum06}).
After heating, 100$\mu$l of 100nm-... |
2,877,628,091,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Is everything known about Anderson localization\cite{1,2}? The answer is, surprisingly,
negative. Since in real devices we cannot completely get rid of disorder, the subject,
although over 56 years old, still remains an active part of condensed matter physics
and from time to time holds surpr... |
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