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541,165,882,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The problem of finding appropriate scales for playing music has worried musical theorists and instrument makers for centuries. There is a close relationship between the theory of musical scales and the frequency spectra of musical instruments; indeed, the harmonic spectr...
541,165,882,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The history of fuel cells, the devices that directly convert the chemical energy from reactants such as hydrogen (fuel) and oxygen (oxidant) into electricity, dates back to the 1840s.\cite{groove1842on, hoogers2002fuel, li2005principles} Since then, significant efforts and progress have been mad...
541,165,882,158
arxiv
\section*{\refname}} \begin{abstract} The Hofstadter-Hubbard model captures the physics of strongly correlated electrons in an applied magnetic field, which is relevant to many recent experiments on Moir\'e materials. Few large-scale, numerically exact simulations exists for this model. In this work, we simulate the...
541,165,882,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Cro04}, M.\ Crouzeix made the conjecture, henceforth denoted by $(C)$, that for every square matrix $A$ and every polynomial $p$, \begin{equation}\label{eq:Cineq} \|p(A)\| \le 2 \max_{z\in W(A)}|p(z)|, \end{equation} where $W(A)=\{ x^*Ax: x^*x =1\}$ is the numerical range of $A$ and ...
541,165,882,160
arxiv
\section{Main result} \label{SectionMain} \textit{a) Setting -- }Rough paths theory was introduced by T. Lyons in \cite{Lyons98} as a theory of controlled differential equations \begin{equation} \label{EqRDE} \dot x_t = \textrm{F}(x_t)\dot h_t \end{equation} with $\textrm{F}\in L(\mathbb{R}^\ell,\mathbb{R}^d)$, and a...
541,165,882,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Bars are common features in today's Universe. Over two-thirds of all nearby disk galaxies are barred (Sa-Sd) galaxies, including the Milky Way (e.g. \citealt{deVaucouleurs:1963kx, Eskridge:2000cz, MenendezDelmestre:2007fl, Marinova:2007dp, Sheth:2008bd}). The Spitzer Survey ...
541,165,882,162
arxiv
\section{EXPERIMENT} All MEIS data were obtained at the UK MEIS facility at STFC Daresbury Laboratory. The experiments were conducted under ultra-high vacuum (UHV), with typical base pressures of $2~\times~10^{-10}$~mbar. Clean Si(100) samples (cut from a lightly doped n-type wafer) were prepared by {\em e}-beam heati...
541,165,882,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \emph{topological graph} is a graph drawn in the plane such that vertices are mapped to distinct points and each edge is mapped to a Jordan arc between its endpoints without passing through any other vertex. In this paper, we only deal with topological graphs containing neither multi-edges nor...
541,165,882,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The components of physical systems often operate on vastly different space and time scales~\cite*[]{Dolbow04}. We must somehow simulate such systems on the scale of interest and operation. But systems that depend on physical processes at multiple scales pose notorious difficulties. These multisc...
541,165,882,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Mathematical setup and discussion on the major finding} Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$, $N=2, 3$, with a connected complement $\mathbb{R}^N\backslash\overline{\Omega}$ and $\mathbf{n}\in L^\infty(\Omega)$ be a positive function. Consider the following transmissio...
541,165,882,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past years, photoinduced properties of two-dimensional systems have been a subject of tremendous study, especially after the identification of non-trivial topological properties that can be induced by periodic driving fields\cite{NP2011Lindner, PRL2018_Refael,PRB2018_Lindner,PRB2017_Ref...
541,165,882,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Research suggests that the microbiome, especially the gut microbiome, could serve as a clinical biomarker for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. These studies use machine learning to fit a model that can predict a clinical outcome as a function of the gut microbe signature. The accurac...
541,165,882,168
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \footnotetext[1]{Computer Science Department, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom}\footnotetext[2]{Computational Statistics and Machine Learning - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16100 Genova, Italy}\footnotetext[3]{Electrial and Electronics Engineering Department, Imperi...
541,165,882,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent 1.1 {\it Relativistic Newton equation.} Consider the Newton-Einstein equation in a static electromagnetic field in an open subset $\Omega$ of $\mathbb R^n,$ $n\ge 2,$ \begin{equation} \label{1.1}\begin{array}{l} \dot p=-\nabla V(x)+{1\over c} B(x)\dot x,\\ p={\dot x \over \sqrt{1-{|\d...
541,165,882,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Power sums have been studied for a long time, for example by Nicomachus of Gerasa, who demonstrated that the sum of cubes is the square of a triangular number, that is \begin{align} S_3^{(1)}(n) = \sum_{\nu = 1}^n \nu^3 = \left[ \frac{n(n+1)}{2} \right]^2\,. \end{align} This was known to Faulhab...
541,165,882,171
arxiv
541,165,882,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{definition}\label{f_tau} Let $\tau$ be a tiling of the plane. Define a function $f_\tau:\R^2\to\R$ by \[f_\tau(x)=\begin{cases} \frac{1}{\absolute{T}},& \mbox{there exists a tile } T \mbox{ in }\tau \mbox{ such that } x\in int(T) \\ 0 ,& \mbox{ otherwise}\end{cases}\] where $\absolute...
541,165,882,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The common procedure in learning a Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM) is to maximize the likelihood of observed data, by updating the model parameters along the gradient of the likelihood. This gradient step requires inference on the current model, which may be performed using deterministic o...
541,165,882,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace{1cm}When gigantic stars fall into pieces at the end of their life cycle, then black holes are formed. Black hole is basically defined as an area in our universe, where gravitational pull is so high that nothing can passed through it \cite{1,2}. It is called as Black because any thing tha...
541,165,882,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Saddle point problems occur in a wide variety of applications ranging from mechanics and computational fluid dynamics to constrained optimization \cite{benzi2005numerical}, optimal transport \cite{ELT} and more recently to machine learning with the advent of generative adversarial neural network ...
541,165,882,176
arxiv
\section{introduction} Compounds with crystal structures featuring a rigid covalently bonded framework enclosing differently bonded guest atoms attracted much attention in the last decade. In particular the skutterudite and clathrate families have been investigated in depth, and a fascinating diversity of physical phe...
541,165,882,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary of results} A remarkable feature of quantum field theory is that a detector undergoing non-inertial motion might measure excitations related to fluctuations of the quantum vacuum. Roughly speaking, it detects ``particles" --- or as sometimes said, it {\it clicks} --- even if it is mo...
541,165,882,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The main goal of the heavy ion program is the study of matter under extreme conditions of high energy density, where QCD phase transitions characterized by deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration (QGP), are expected to occur~\cite{Adams:2005dq,Adcox:2004mh}. To extract the g...
541,165,882,179
arxiv
\section{Cutting planes and closures} A central question in discrete geometry and integer programming is understanding the convex hull of integer points in a polyhedron, both structurally and algorithmically. Motivated by Edmonds' early groundbreaking work in polyhedral combinatorics and combinatorial optimization, Ch...
541,165,882,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{introduction.tex} \section{Related Work} \input{related_work} \section{System} \input{system_description} \begin{figure}[b] \centering \frame{\includegraphics[ width=1\columnwidth]{ui.jpg}} \caption{System user interface} \label{fig:UI} \end{figure} \inp...
541,165,882,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This is the second paper in a series presenting photometric metal abundances of RR Lyrae variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds and their use for chemical and structural analysis. In Kapakos, Hatzidimitriou \& Soszy\'{n}ski (2011, hereinafter Paper I), the results of the Fourier decomposition a...
541,165,882,182
arxiv
\section*{Nomenclature} {\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.0} \noindent\begin{longtable*}{@{}l @{\quad=\quad} l@{}} $cap_{\text{launch}}$ & Launch capacity (number of possible satellites per rocket), in units of satellites\\ $D_{\text{plane}}$ & Demand for in-plane spares, in units of satellites\\ $D_{\text{parking}}$ & De...
541,165,882,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we develop further methods introduced by F. Kutzschebauch and the third author in \cite{KK2} which they used to obtain new results in the Anders\' en-Lempert theory (\cite{A}, \cite{AL}). D. Varolin was the first one to realize the importance of the following notion in that theory ...
541,165,882,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deterministic computer models are commonly used to study complex physical phenomena in many areas of science and engineering. Oftentimes, evaluating a computational model can be very time consuming, and thus the simulator is only exercised on a relatively small set of input values. In such cas...
541,165,882,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} {\sl Gaia}'s early third data release \citep[EDR3;][]{2020arXiv201201533G} includes astrometric and photometric measurements of more than 1.81 billion sources brighter than $G = 21$ mag. More than 1.46 billion have triangulated parallax measurements with typical uncertainties o...
541,165,882,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} recent years, biometric authentication has been widely used as a reliable and convenient way of user identification and access control \cite{articleJKH}. Among all types of biometric features (e.g., fingerprint, voice, retina, and palm veins), f...
541,165,882,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a machine learning algorithm being used to make decisions in societally critical domains such as healthcare \cite{irene2018why,goodman2018machine}, education \cite{tierney2013fairness}, criminal justice \cite{angwin2016machine,berk2017fairness}, policing~\cite{simoiu2017problem,goel2017c...
541,165,882,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In signal processing applications, the knowledge of scatter matrix is of crucial importance. It arises in diverse applications such as filtering, detection, estimation or classification. In recent years, there has been growing interest in covariance matrix estimation in a vast amount of liter...
541,165,882,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} First passage percolation is one of the most studied discrete models in probability theory. It can be realized as a random graph metric when edges have independent identically distributed weights. Often the distribution is assumed to be exponential and then the ball of a radius $t$ (from a fix...
541,165,882,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper considers information-theoretic properties of the thinning map, an operation on the space of discrete random variables, based on random summation. \begin{definition}[R\'{e}nyi, \cite{R}] For a discrete random variable $X$ on $\mathbf{Z}_+=\{0, 1, \ldots\}$, the thinning operation $T_\...
541,165,882,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Think-aloud protocols (TAs) are widely used in usability testing to identify user experience (UX) problems~\cite{fan2020Survey,mcdonald2012exploring}. During TA usability testing, participants verbalize what they are thinking while working on the task with the test interface. Their verbalization...
541,165,882,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout history, the flow of ideas and innovation has led to vast cultural, economic, and political changes. Social scientists have studied this phenomenon in detail in several different settings~\cite{Rogers} and found that ideas and innovations tend to diffuse along social links. First, an...
541,165,882,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Spin-driven multiferroics with complex antiferromagnetic orders, such as spiral or cycloidal spin structures, are in the focus of scientific interest since the last ten years~\cite{Kimura2003, spaldin2005renaissance,cheong2007multiferroics,kimura2007spiral}. Because in this class o...
541,165,882,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Star-forming galaxies have evolved dramatically in the 11\,Gyr between $z\sim2.5$ (the likely peak of the star formation history of the Universe) and the present day \citep[e.g.\ ][]{Madau96,Sobral09,Karim11,Sobral14}. The co-moving star formation rate density of the Universe has dropped by more...
541,165,882,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ever since its discovery, the central limit theorem has been considered as one of the most fundamental concepts in probability theory. Corresponding to its motivation of studying the fluctuation of a sum of independent random variables, analogous objects in the random matrix theory stand out: ...
541,165,882,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and perspective} The Chebotarev density theorem, one of the major number theoretic achievements of the early $20$th century, has been proven to be of crucial importance in a variety of problems. Beyond knowing the exact asymptotic densities of primes in Frobenius sets, o...
541,165,882,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum entanglement plays a central role in characterizing and distinguishing various phases realized in quantum many-body systems. \cite{Kitaev2006,LevinWen2006,Calabrese0905,Eisert0808} For example, quantum entanglement as measured by the bipartite entanglement entropy may be used to disting...
541,165,882,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main goal of the ALICE \cite{det} experiment is to study strongly interacting matter in the conditions of high density and temperature produced by colliding ultra-relativistic lead ions at the LHC. In such conditions lattice QCD calculations predict quark deconfinement and the formation of...
541,165,882,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past, the neutral-current (NC) reactions in a few tens of MeV were observed in $^{12}$C($\nu, \nu^{\prime}$)$^{12}$C(15.1 MeV, $J^P=1^+$) by the KARMEN experiment~\cite{Karmen} and recently in coherent $\nu$-CsI(Na) scattering by COHERENT Collaboration~\cite{Coherent}. Authors of Refs.~\c...
541,165,882,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Visual Question Answering (VQA) problem aims to a develop a deep understanding of both vision and language, and the complex interplay between the two, such that a machine is able to answer intelligent questions about a visual scene. The VQA task is inspired by the astounding...
541,165,882,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) uses a single neural network architecture within a deep learning framework to perform speech-to-text task \cite{graves2014}. There are two major approaches for end-to-end ASR; attention-based approach uses an attention mechanism to create required al...
541,165,882,202
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \nobreak N-body simulations of individual galactic halos formed in a standard LCDM cosmology predict thousands of sub-halos orbiting within the main dark halo. Observations find that the numbers of dwarf galaxies per galaxy are at least a factor of ten less numerous than the sub-halos at masses o...
541,165,882,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recall that a Fano double hypersurface of index 1 is defined as a projective algebraic variety $V$ equipped with a morphism $\sigma: V \to Q \subset \mathbb{P}^{M+1} $, where $M \geq 4 $, $\mathbb{P}^{M+1}$ is the complex projective space, $Q$ is an irreducible hypersurface of degree $m$ where $ ...
541,165,882,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} In the last 15 years, a lot of progress has been made in the classification of measure preserving actions of countable groups on probability spaces, up to orbit equivalence (see the surveys \cite{Sh04, Po07, Fu09, Ga10, Va10}). Recall that two probability measure preser...
541,165,882,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} This paper originated as a result of studying the prominent paper \cite{nesterenko_criterion} by Nesterenko, where he proves his linear independence criterion. Given an integer $n\geq2$, let us fix an arbitrary $n$-tuple $\pmb\theta=(\theta_1,\ldots,\theta_n)\in\R^n$. The...
541,165,882,206
arxiv
\section{ \section{Introduction} The enhancement of brightness temperature around the solar pole is known as polar(-cap) brightening, observed at microwave to submillimetric wavelengths. The phenomenon was first reported by \inlinecite{Babin1976IzKry} with the observation of a raster scan of the solar disk at millimet...
541,165,882,207
arxiv
\section{The Algorithm} \label{sec:alg} We define job bundles by coloring due dates in \emph{red} and \emph{blue}. The blue due dates are the bundled ones. Choose some $\delta\in (0,1)$. For each $k = 1, 2, \ldots D_\#$, color the due date $d_k$ red if $\sum_{J_i \in \calJ_k} p_i > P^{1 - \delta}$. To determine the b...
541,165,882,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Planetary nebulae, as the brightest phase of low-to-intermediate mass stellar evolution, provide the best environments to study the detailed abundances of relatively old, low-mass stars. Planetary nebula spectra contain bright, forbidden lines which are ideal for abundance calculations. In sta...
541,165,882,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have found their way into numerous applications. Still, RNNs have two shortcomings. First, it is difficult to understand what concretely RNNs learn. Some applications require a close inspection of learned models before deployment and RNNs are more difficult to ...
541,165,882,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider the estimation problem as follows. Given a noisy observation \be \omega&=Ax+\xi_x\in\bR^m, \ee{eq:mod1} of the linear image $Ax$ of unknown signal $x\in\bR^n$, known to belong to a given signal set---a nonempty convex compact set $X\subset\bR^n$, we want to recover ...
541,165,882,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last decades the solar corona has been, and continues to be scrutinized and studied in a search for the explanation of its heating mechanism \citep{rosner78,golub80,hendrix96,aschwanden01}. With the advent of the computer, simulations become feasible and the reproduction of observations...
541,165,882,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The amount of information required to make sound clinical decisions is enormous and continuously growing~\cite{charlin2012clinical, TheScientist2002}. The combination of patient attributes, laboratory results, imaging---along with patient values and preferences---makes this process very comp...
541,165,882,213
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Visual information is pervasive in our daily life and has arguably become the primary communication medium in the digital age. Images come from various sources, such as social networks, advertisements, news, and digital documents. A small portion of these images have as...
541,165,882,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Some advantages of the cartesian forms for multipole moments in the traditional formulation of the electromagnetic theory are well known but the procedure of obtaining multipole tensors corresponding to irreducible representations of the 3-dimensional rotation group, especially in the dyna...
541,165,882,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present paper is devoted to the study of (bounded, self-adjoint) operators of the form \begin{align}\label{WH:eq} W_\a := W_\a(a; \L) := \chi_\L \op_\a(a) \chi_\L,\ \a >0, \end{align} on $\plainL2( \mathbb R^d)$, $d\ge 1$, where $\chi_\L$ is the indicator function of a set $\L\subset \m...
541,165,882,216
arxiv
\section{\sc \large #1}} \def\scss#1{\subsection{\sc #1}} \def\scsss#1{\subsubsection{\sc \small #1}} \def\dot\alpha{\dot\alpha} \def\dot\beta{\dot\beta} \def\bar\sigma{\bar\sigma} \thispagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{flushright} ROM2F/2007/10\\ MIFP-07-16\\ hep-th/yymmddd \vskip 8pt {\today}\\ \end{flus...
541,165,882,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The theory of generalized sampling series was first initiated by P. L. Butzer and his school \cite{Stens1} and \cite{Stens2}. Let $\chi :{\mathbb{R}}^2\rightarrow {\mathbb{R}}$ be a suitable kernel function. Then, the two dimensional generalized sampling series of a function $f:{...
541,165,882,218
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Domain-Theoretic-Notions}Basic Domain Theory Notions} Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that builds on set theory, order theory (\emph{i.e., }the theory of partially-ordered sets, \emph{a.k.a.}, posets), and topology (\emph{i.e.}, the theory of topological spaces). It is relatively easy...
541,165,882,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The confinement of atoms or molecules in a finite region of space is an important subject, for example, in the context of quantum dots, encapsulation in fullerenes, or other aspects of nanotechnology \cite{Sab09}. Confinement in a cavity has also been used to mimic the effects of high pre...
541,165,882,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inflation \citep{Guth:1980zm,Linde:1981mu,Albrecht:1982wi,Starobinsky:1982ee} is a hypothetical high-energy process in the very early universe. It is believed that quantum fluctuations of various fields during inflation exit the horizon, being seeds of complicated structures of galaxies no...
541,165,882,221
arxiv
\section{Rings that engage analysts.} \noindent Analytic properties of function spaces over the real and the complex fields are in some ways different. This is strongly reflected in these spaces' algebraic properties. For instance, the ring of real-valued continuous functions on a closed interval such as $[0,1]$ behav...
541,165,882,222
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Interfaces are ubiquitous in solid crystalline materials, and can exhibit material properties that are drastically different from their corresponding bulk materials, bringing potential applications in various industrial areas. One example is the discovery of two-dimensional electron gas at perovs...
541,165,882,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the last decades, molecular simulations have become a cornerstone for computing equilibrium and/or dynamic properties of classical many body systems, as well for bridging microscopic with macroscopic observables that could be of both experimental and basic importances \citep...
541,165,882,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study a stochastic particle approximation of the two-dimensional parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel (KS) model that reads \begin{equation}\label{eq:reducedPDE} \begin{cases} &\partial_t \rho(t,x) = \Delta\rho(t,x) - \nabla\left(\rho(t,x) \nabla \left(G \ast \rho\right)(t,x)\right),...
541,165,882,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Dirichlet problem for minimal graphs is one of the classical problems in the theory of nonlinear elliptic PDEs. It has been investigated for over a century, starting with the fundamental work of Bernstein \cite{B}, Haar \cite{H} and Rado \cite{R}, and it has inspired the development of meth...
541,165,882,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, ultra dense network (UDN) has received a great deal of attention as a means to achieve a thousand-fold throughput improvement in 5G wireless communications~\cite{series2015imt}. Network densification can improve the capacity of cellular systems by overlaying the existing macro ce...
541,165,882,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Let $L \subset {\mathbb R}^d$ be a lattice of full rank $d \geq 1$ in the Euclidean space ${\mathbb R}^d$, where we will always write $\|\ \|$ for the corresponding Euclidean norm. Define the (squared) \textit{minimum} of $L$ to be \[ |L| : = \min \left\{\|{\boldsymbol x}\|^2 : {\bo...
541,165,882,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The direct study of the controlled large system is realizable only in some rather specific cases like one considered by Gabasov, Dmitruk and Kirillova in~\cite{Gabasov}. However, in many cases this problem can be simplified by passing to the limit system consisting of infinitely many agents. ...
541,165,882,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When a fluid rests on a substrate, the free-surface height is a key variable which characterizes the fluid mechanics. In the longwave limit, where the horizontal length scale of the fluid is much larger than the vertical length scale, the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to a fourth-order nonline...
541,165,882,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The world presents us with abundant examples of sequential processes. A plant growing from a seedling to a tree, the daily routine of getting up, going to work and coming back home, or a person pouring themselves a glass of water -- are all examples of events that happen in a particular order. Vi...
541,165,882,231
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} While facial reenactment aims at only transferring the expression between source and target actors, full-head reenactment transfers all the head time-varying features (3D pose, facial expressions, mouth movements, eyes gaze, etc.). This constitutes a challenging task with many applications in vid...
541,165,882,232
arxiv
\section{Conclusion And Future Work}\label{sec:conclusion} This paper presents execution templates, a novel abstraction for cloud computing runtime systems that allows them to support extremely high task rates. The need for high task rates is driven by the observation that many modern workloads are CPU-bound, and rew...
541,165,882,233
arxiv
\section{Principal circle bundles Hamiltonian structure is pursued and uncovered in collisional and collisionless gyrokinetic theory. A new Hamiltonian formulation of collisionless electromagnetic theory is presented that is ideally suited to implementation on modern supercomputers. The method used to uncover this str...
541,165,882,234
arxiv
\subsection*{Background} Discovering causal genetic variants from large genetic association studies poses many difficult challenges. Assessing which genetic markers are involved in determining trait status is a computationally demanding task, especially in the presence of gene-gene interactions. \subsection*{Results} A...
541,165,882,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} $\alpha$-cluster structures in nuclei with two valence protons and two valence neutrons outside double shell closures are among the cornerstones for nuclear $\alpha$-cluster physics. The simplest example is ${}^{8}\text{Be}$, which has been studied by different methods. For instance, it is stud...
541,165,882,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Differentiable programming ($\partial$P), i.e., the ability to differentiate general computer program structures, has enabled the efficient combination of existing packages for scientific computation and machine learning~\citep{raissi2019physics, rackauckas2020generalized,de20...
541,165,882,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tracking how stable and unstable manifolds of a low-dimensional dynamical system vary under time-dependent perturbations can be referred to as `Melnikov theory.' The concept was originally introduced \cite{melnikov} to analyze the splitting of a homoclinic manifold (a coincident stable and unsta...
541,165,882,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The knowledge of the stress intensity factor (SIF) and of the notch stress intensity factor (NSIF), respectively, for star-shaped cracks/stiffeners and isotoxal star-shaped polygonal voids/rigid-inclusions is crucial as they represent failure criteria in the design of brittle-matrix composites \...
541,165,882,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A closed ``ribbon" is a smooth mapping (or the image set) of an annulus, $S^1 \times [0,1]$ into $\R^3$, where the sets ${s} \times [0,1]$ are mapped to line segments all of the same length. To avoid degenerate situations, we assume the mapping is an embedding on $S^1 \times \{...
541,165,882,240
arxiv
\section{Model}\label{model} In this section we present the scenario which we consider in the paper, we model and motivate the attacker, and give assumptions on the communication. \subsection{Scenario and Attack Model} Consider the scenario presented in Figure \ref{sc:1}, with a virtual private network between two bran...
541,165,882,241
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The protonated form of CO$_2$, HOCO$^+$ , was first identified in the Galactic centre molecular cloud SgrB2 by Thaddeus, Gu\'elin, and Linke (1981). The detection was then confirmed with the laboratory detection by Bogey, Demuynck, and Destombes (1984). Minh et al. (1988) reported a survey towar...
541,165,882,242
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature have been studied by several people (see \cite{AEG}, \cite{BKP}, \cite{CMM}, \cite{CPR}, \cite{MO}). A lot of recent works on product spaces have meant a renewed interest in these 3-manifolds and have turned this research topic into a fashionable one. An ...
541,165,882,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The simulation of final states in the collision of highly energetic particles at current and future colliders is largely based upon parton shower evolution models. The theoretical foundation of these models is the interpretation of Sudakov form factors as no--emission probabilities \cite{Marche...
541,165,882,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The extensive experimental programs at various facilities, in particular Jefferson Lab, MAMI, ELSA, GRAAL and BES, where photo- and electro-production data as well as $J/\psi$ decays give unprecedented access to baryon resonance parameters, will lead to significant improvements over the c...
541,165,882,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $k$ be an {\bf algebraic number field}, (i.e. the main half of the set of {\bf global fields}), i.e. a finite algebraic extension of the {\bf rational number field} $\mbox{\lll \char81}$. Let $R_{k}$ be a ring of {\bf algebraic integers} in $k$ ,i.e. a finitely-generated ring extension - the...
541,165,882,246
arxiv
\section{\label{Intr}Introduction} Novel states of matter associated with a quantum phase transition can be induced via tuning an external parameter. In an increasing number of spin-dimerized quantum antiferromagnets, magnonic BEC has been observed at a magnetic field-induced quantum phase transition~\cite{zapf}. Howe...
541,165,882,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Leveraging the power of artificial intelligence to improve design has been becoming an active research field ~\cite{pix2pix2017,CycleGAN2017,liu2017unsupervised,huang2018munit}. Different design projects require different personal experience, theories and skills. In this paper, we specifically ta...
541,165,882,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Previous work in summarization focus on the news domain where both extractive and abstractive methods are effective \cite{el2021automatic}. Dialogue summarization aims to generate summaries for intercourses between individuals or groups. Because of the verbal or written format of dialogues, ...
541,165,882,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Let $(M,\gamma)$ be a balanced sutured manifold. Kronheimer and Mrowka conjectured \cite{km-excision} that its sutured instanton homology is isomorphic to its sutured Heegaard Floer homology, \begin{equation}\label{eqn:iso1}\SHI(M,\gamma)\cong \SFH(M,\gamma)\otimes \mathbb{...
541,165,882,250
arxiv
\section{Boundary weight maps} Each $q$-weight map over $K$ uniquely defines a $CP$-flow over $K$. A $CP$-flow $\alpha_t$ over $K$ is a strongly continuous one parameter semigroup of completely positive contractions of $B(H) = B(K\otimes L^2(0,\infty ))$ into itself that is intertwined by translation. Specifica...
541,165,882,251
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Since microchannel cooling systems have excellent thermal properties, they are widely used to cool devices that emit a lot of heat over a small area, e.g., electronic equipment or chemical microreactors (see, e.g., \cite{tuckerman, review_channels, khan2011review, naqiu...
541,165,882,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Text of paper \ldots \begin{acks} This material is based upon work supported by the \grantsponsor{GS100000001}{National Science Foundation}{http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001} under Grant No.~\grantnum{GS100...
541,165,882,253
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} We thank the KEKB group for the excellent operation of the accelerator, the KEK Cryogenics group for the efficient operation of the solenoid, and the KEK computer group and the National Institute of Informatics for valuable computing and Super-SINET network support. We acknowledge support fr...
541,165,882,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section:intro} The use of refractive optics for the focusing of X-rays dates back to the mid-1990's \cite{Tomie1994, Snigirev1996} which is relatively recent when compared to the use of diffractive- (early 1930's) and reflective-optics (late 1940's). Although a recent development, X-ray le...
541,165,882,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace{20pt}We consider the physical set-up analogous the one used in \cite{1} for describing the modified kinematics of particles with the upper bound on their speed, this time generalizing it to 3-dimensional space. To this end we consider three particles {\bf{A, B}}, and {\bf{D}} involv...