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541,165,883,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kostka-Foulkes polynomials, $K_{\lambda\mu}(t)\in\mathbb N[t]$,
describe the connections between characters of $GL_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$ and
the Hall-Steinitz algebra~\cite{Green}, give characters of cohomology rings of Springer fibers
for ${\rm GL}_n$~\cite{Spr,HoSpr}, and are graded multiplicitie... |
541,165,883,057 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Bayesian machine learning and signal processing, Gaussian processes (GPs) are used to approximate unknown functions~\cite{rasmussen2006gaussian} and provide posterior estimates for mean and variance of the target functions in the selected points. The function can be latent, and, in this case, ... |
541,165,883,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the following two-stage Stochastic Generalized\linebreak
Equations (SGE)
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{geq-1}
&&0\in \bbe[\Phi(x, y(\xi), \xi)]+ \Gamma_1(x),\;x\in X, \\
\label{geq-2}
&&0\in\Psi(x, y(\xi), \xi)+\Gamma_2(y(\xi), \xi), \;\; \mbox{ for a.e.}\; \xi\in\Xi.
\end{eqnarray}
Here $X\... |
541,165,883,059 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study a class of self-adjoint operators in a Kre\u{\i}n space which turns out to be similar to self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space. Recall that a Kre\u{\i}n space is a complex vector space $\cK$ with a sesquilinear form $\kip$ such that there exist subspaces $\cK_+$ and ... |
541,165,883,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Anomalies}
Anomalies are a puzzling discovery in quantum field theory. Certain classical symmetries and conservation laws are broken if the fields become quantized and have been named anomalies. They have a long history starting with investigations of pion decays \cite{St49,Ad69,BJ69... |
541,165,883,061 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
Close connection between negative curvature and hyperbolic
dynamics is a classical principle. For example, geodesic flow on a
compact negatively curved manifold is an important example of an
Anosov flow, and symbolic dynamics for Smale's Axiom A
diffeomorphisms~\cite{bowen:markovpartition} is
cl... |
541,165,883,062 | arxiv |
\section{An Introduction to Serverless Computing}
\section{Background}
\label{sec:background}
\subsection{Life-cycle of a Serverless Function}
\label{sec:background:lifetime}
Figure~\ref{fig:motivation:openwhisk} describes the life-cycle of a serverless
function invocation in a generic serverless platform.
\begin{f... |
541,165,883,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The low-scale string scenario \cite{Antoniadis:1990ew}
(and see Refs.\cite{Antoniadis:2004wm,Antoniadis:2007uz} for review)
is an interesting possibility which may be confirmed or excluded by
the LHC. Low-energy supersymmetry is not necessary and electroweak
symmetry breakin... |
541,165,883,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By a \emph{pseudovariety} we mean a class of semigroups which is closed under taking subsemigroups, finite direct products, and homomorphic images. A pseudovariety is said to be \emph{decidable} if there is an algorithm to test membership of a finite semigroup; otherwise, the pseudovariety is... |
541,165,883,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One-dimensional double well potentials give relatively simple examples of quantum-mechanical tunneling and of the splitting of the energy eigenvalues for the ground state and the first excited state (symmetric and antisymmetric wavefunctions for a symmetric double well potential). However, ther... |
541,165,883,066 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{e}}
\newcommand{\mathcal{O}}{\mathcal{O}}
\newcommand{\mathbb{N}}{\mathbb{N}}
\newdimen\tableauside\tableauside=1.0ex
\newdimen\tableaurule\tableaurule=0.4pt
\newdimen\tableaustep
\def\phan... |
541,165,883,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The measurement of
Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) \cite{first},
parametrizing the non-perturbative hadron structure
in hard exclusive
processes,
represents one of the challenges of nowadays hadronic Physics.
GPDs enter
the long-distance dominated part of
exclusive lepton Deep Inelast... |
541,165,883,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The problem of designing observers for nonlinear systems has received a lot of attention due to its importance in practical applications, where some of the states may not be available for measurement. The interested reader is referred to \cite{ASTbook, BESbook} for a recent review o... |
541,165,883,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In detail studies of the phenomenological aspects of jet quenching in RHIC and LHC have provided a better understanding of the dynamical processes involved in parton energy loss in recent years \cite{Baier:1994bd,Baier:1996sk,Zakharov:1996fv,Salgado:2003gb,Spousta:2015fca,Mehtar-Tani:2019ygg}. In... |
541,165,883,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:intro}
Throughout this paper, by a \emph{knotted surface} (or,
synonymously, \emph{2-knot}) will always be meant a \emph{smooth}
embedding in $\mathrm{I\!R\!}^{\;4}$ of a compact 2-manifold $M$ (where $M$ is
smooth, not necessarily connected, and is not assigned an
orientation.) \footnote... |
541,165,883,071 | arxiv | \section{Exoplanets beyond the solar neighbourhood}
In the last twenty years the field of extrasolar planets has witnessed an exceptionally fast development, revealing an incredibly diverse menagerie of planetary companions.
These discoveries changed the place that our Solar System occupies in the Galactic context and... |
541,165,883,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:Introduction}}
Whenever human subjects are sampled from one or a small number of communities, schools, hospitals, etc., as is routine in the health and social sciences, they may be connected by social ties, such as friendship or family membership, that could engender statistical d... |
541,165,883,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
With the ubiquitous video capture devices, a huge amount of videos are producted, which brings a great demand for automatic video content analysis \cite{lu2016optasia,2010mm_yzheng,simonyan2014two,ye2015evaluating,2017iccv_tap,2017arxiv_kyang,shou2016temporal,yeung2016end,shou2... |
541,165,883,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past thirty years a clear paradigm has emerged as large
redshift surveys opened the window onto the distribution of matter in
our Local Universe: galaxies, intergalactic gas and dark matter exist
in a wispy weblike spatial arrangement consisting of dense compact
clusters, elongated filam... |
541,165,883,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For an admissible Lagrangian $L$ in a Liouville domain, we consider a version of Lagrangian Floer homology, called \emph{wrapped Floer homology} $\HW_*(L)$, introduced in \cite{AbSe10}. Wrapped Floer homology is equipped with a family of algebraic structures, called $A_{\infty}$-structures, whic... |
541,165,883,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we revisit the problem of learning a linear classifier, which is one of the most important and fundamental tasks of machine learning \citep{prml}. In this problem, we are given a set $\mathcal{S}$ of $n$ training examples, and the goal is to find a linear classifier that correctly ... |
541,165,883,077 | arxiv | \partial{\partial}
\def\hbox{D}{\hbox{D}}
\def\hbox{D}{\hbox{D}}
\def\hbox{e}{\hbox{e}}
\def{\it e.g.}, {{\it e.g.}, }
\REF\vj{ J.D. Cohn and V. Periwal, IAS/Fermilab preprint IASSNS-HEP-92-18,
Fermilab-92/126-T, Nucl. Phys. B to appear}
\REF\ps{ J. Polchinski and A. Strominger, {\sl Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf %
67} (1991)... |
541,165,883,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A binary code of block length $n$ and codebook size $2^k$ is called an
$(n,k)$ code, which is said to be \emph{linear} if it is a subspace of
$\{0,1\}^n$. Linear codes have been extensively studied in coding
theory. For memoryless binary symmetric channels (BSCs),
asymptotically capacity achiev... |
541,165,883,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classical $K$-moment problem for a closed subset $K$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\ge1$, is determining whether a given linear functional
$\map{L}{\sgr{\mathbb{R}}{\underline{X}}=\mathbb{R}[X_1,\dots,X_n]}{\mathbb{R}}$ is representable as an integral with respect to a positive Radon measure $\mu$, s... |
541,165,883,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the initial value problem (IVP) for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schr\"odinger (INLS) equation
\begin{equation}
\begin{cases}
i \partial_t u + \Delta u + |x|^{-b} |u|^{2 \sigma}u = 0, \,\,\, x \in \mathbb{R}^N, \,t>0,\\
u(x,0) = u_0(x) ,
\end{cases}
\label{PVI}
\end{equatio... |
541,165,883,081 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quiet Sun (QS) consists of network (NE) and internetwork (IN) regions. The
photospheric NE outline the borders of supergranular cells, while the IN
represents the cell interiors. Both are permeated by magnetic fields.
These fields are strong (of order 1 kG) in the NE and much weaker (of ... |
541,165,883,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the promotion of digital human models in virtual try-on, game industry, and creative media, the separated reconstruction of human body and clothing becomes urgently needed for its advantage on trying-on and interaction of human and garment in the real world. However, existing separated recon... |
541,165,883,083 | arxiv | \section{Leading Twist GTMDs}
In Ref.[\refcite{Metz2}] it was found that with parity invariance, time reversal invariance, and Hermiticity there are 16 independent complex GTMDs for the quark-nucleon system, corresponding to 16 helicity amplitudes for quark-nucleon elastic scattering.
However, we know that for elastic... |
541,165,883,084 | arxiv | \subsection{Angular momentum of the Cooper pair}
Next, we treat the superconducting phase where the Cooper pairs consist of electrons on the
conduction band Fermi surface which encloses a Berry flux of $\phi_{B}(k_{\mathrm{F}})$.
In the weak coupling regime, we can describe the superconducting ground state using the ... |
541,165,883,085 | arxiv | \subsection{Upper-tail properties of the local principal eigenvalues}
The first step is to give upper-tail asymptotics for the distribution of the local principal eigenvalues ${\lambda}^{(n)}(z)$ for $z\in\Pi^{(L_t)}$ and $n \in \mathbb{N}$. These will allow us to study the random variables $Z_{t}^{(j)}$ and ${\Psi}^{(... |
541,165,883,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We study the asymptotic behavior, as the discount factor $\lambda > 0$ goes to $0$, of the viscosity solutions to the Hamilton--Jacobi
equations
\[\lambda \, u + H(x,Du) =c \]
posed in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^N$. Here $c$ is the so--called critical value defined as
\[ c= \inf \{ a... |
541,165,883,087 | arxiv |
\subsection{Experimental Results.}
\vspace{-1mm}
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\resizebox{0.5\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Method & RGB & Optical Flow & Fusion\\ \hline
Two Stream ~\cite{2stream14} & 73.0\% & 83.7\% & 88.0\% \\
Two Stream (VGG16)~\cite{Deep2stream15} & 78.4\% & 87.0\% ... |
541,165,883,088 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Supernovae have a profound effect on the morphology, kinematics, and
ionization balance of galaxies. The impact of supernova shocks on
surrounding molecular clouds may also trigger new generations of star
formation. The idea that cosmic-rays (up to $\sim 10^{14}$ eV) are
produced by shock accel... |
541,165,883,089 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Galaxy clusters grow continually through accretion of matter from the large scale filaments of the cosmic web. The largest of these clusters lie at the nodes, and accretion and relaxation occur continually over a wide range of mass scales \citep{EvrardReview}. Occasionally, clust... |
541,165,883,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{table*}[ht]
\centering
\caption{Characteristic physical scales at two typical overdensities ($\Delta=500$ and $200$ times the critical density at redshift $z$)
for an input mass of $10^{15} M_{\odot}$, a gas mass fraction $f_{\rm gas} =0.1$, and redshift 0.
The dependence on mass and re... |
541,165,883,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa}, the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations have ascertained that
the observed properties of the Higgs boson are consistent with the corresponding predictions of the Standard Model (SM).
Various production mechanisms ... |
541,165,883,092 | arxiv | \section*{References}}
\graphicspath{{./fig/}}
\input{glyphtounicode}
\pdfgentounicode=1
\begin{document}
\title{Efficient evaluation of Pauli strings with entangled measurements}
\author{Ikko Hamamura}
\email{hamamura@nucleng.kyoto-u.ac.jp}
\affiliation{%
Kyoto University \\
Department of Nuclear Engineering... |
541,165,883,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.7\textwidth]{QML_SEARCH.pdf}
\caption{(Top) \textbf{Quantum embeddings for supervised quantum machine learning}. Similar to kernel methods, quantum embedding transforms observations in classical data spa... |
541,165,883,094 | arxiv |
\chapter{Dynamic networks?}
\label{chap:dynamic-networks}
Behind the terms ``dynamic networks'' lies a rich diversity of contexts ranging from near-static networks with occasional changes, to networks where changes occur continuously and unpredictably. In the past two decades, these highly-dynamic networks gave ris... |
541,165,883,095 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The problem of non-parametric estimation of functions is very well studied in the literature \cite{gyorfi2002distribution,ruppert1994multivariate,stone1980optimal, stone1982optimal,tsybakov2008introduction,wasserman2013all}.
The goal is to estimate a function $f:\mathbb{R}^d\to\mathbb{R}$ given... |
541,165,883,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\textit{``Once upon a time the Universe sped up, out of emptiness. Then, there was something all over the place. Lucky we were that it dawdled to hasten again, so we can be here to observe".} \\
The current best-fitting picture of the statistical properties of the Universe, fro... |
541,165,883,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In this work matter is described as a large ensemble of charged
particles which interact via the gravitational and
electromagnetic fields created by the particles themselves.
All the particles have the same rest mass, normalized to $1$,
and the same charge $q_0\geq 0$.
T... |
541,165,883,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semantic frame parsing is an important research topic for understanding natural language that aims to construct a semantic frame that captures the semantics of user utterances/queries. In general, simple semantic frame parsing consists of two main tasks \cite{marzinotto2018semantic}: detecting a ... |
541,165,883,099 | arxiv |
\subsection{Event reconstruction}
The event reconstruction, that is, to determine the ordering of hits $\{ (E_i, \vec{x}_i) \, ; \, i = 1, 2, ..., N_{\rm hit} \}$, is necessary to calculate $\theta_K$, $\theta_G$, and $\phi$. In this subsection we formulate a simple method of the reconstruction. \par
For the events o... |
541,165,883,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The effective dielectric constant in nonpolar fluids, spherical suspensions, metallic nanoparticle composites and generic
disordered media is a problem profusely studied along the history. Its study goes back in time to the seminal works of Claussius \cite{Claussius}, Mossotti \cite{Mossotti},
... |
541,165,883,101 | arxiv | \section{Quantum Hardware}\label{app:hardware}
\vspace{0.15in}
{\noindent \textbf{What are different quantum hardware platforms?} Physically, a quantum bit (qubit) can be realized using superconducting, semiconductor, or atomic qubit devices. For example, \textsc{ibm}\xspace, Rigetti, and Google use superconducting ... |
541,165,883,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coherence of electronic transport through mesoscopic junctions has
been studied intensively in nanoelectronic systems. In particular,
the interference of electron waves has been visualized in
Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometers via the AB oscillations of the conductance
of a ring placed between ... |
541,165,883,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hadron interactions are strong and, in principle, should be described
by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). However, experimental data show that their
main features originate from the non-perturbative sector of QCD. Only the
comparatively rare processes with high transferred momenta can be treated ... |
541,165,883,104 | arxiv | \section{Appendix I. Intensity-intensity correlation functions of a radiation field scattered from a crystal}
We will consider a quasi-monochromatic x-ray beam $E_{in}(\mathbf{s})$ incident on a colloidal crystal in a shape of a thin slab of material (see Fig.\ref{fig::Diffraction_scheme}).
An exit surface wave from ... |
541,165,883,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Twitter\footnote{http://twitter.com/} has gained widespread popularity as a
microblogging site where
users share short messages (\emph{tweets}). Twitter users not only tweet about
their personal issues
or nearby events, but also about news and events of interest to some
c... |
541,165,883,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extending earlier work~\cite{Bredenstein:2008zb}, where
we discussed the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections
to $\mathswitchr t\bar\mathswitchr t\mathswitchr b\bar\mathswitchr b$ production via
quark--antiquark annihilation, in this letter we present first
results on the full NLO QCD co... |
541,165,883,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heavy ion collisions are a powerful tool to study the nuclear properties at different
conditions of density, temperature and isospin asymmetry. For example, in the Fermi energy regime
(10-100 \textit{A} MeV\ ), it is possible to explore from very low barionic densities ($\rho / \rho_0\le0.2$)
... |
541,165,883,108 | arxiv |
\section{Symbolic Reasoning}
\label{sec:algorithms}
So far we have defined the syntax and semantics of RCRS.
These already allow us to specify and reason about systems
in a compositional manner.
However, such reasoning is difficult to do ``by hand''.
For example, if we want to check whether a component $C$ is refin... |
541,165,883,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
It is well established that neutrinos have tiny masses and mixings by observing neutrino oscillations between different flavors~\cite{Anselmann:1992kc,Fukuda:1998mi,Ahmad:2002jz,Ahmad:2002ka,Ahn:2006zza,
Abe:2011sj,An:2012eh}. Such phenomena cannot be interpreted within the Standard Mod... |
541,165,883,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Much attention has been given to the so-called \emph{descent algebras}; see \cite{BergeronBergeron, BergeronBergeron2, Bergeron, Cellini, Cellini2, Cellini3, Fulman, GarsiaReutenauer, Loday, Mahajan, Petersen, Solomon}. Here we add a chapter to the story of the more recently introduced \emph{pea... |
541,165,883,111 | arxiv |
\section{Fermions}
\label{SIsec:1}
In the main text, we show that when equipped with the appropriate chiral symmetry, the fermionic master equation has a unique, pure steady state. In this section, we provide a detailed proof for this result. Recall the Hamiltonian and jump operators:
\begin{align}
&\H_F = \sum_{i,j ... |
541,165,883,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The importance of water as a regulator of biological processes has been the driving force behind the intense research on the electrostatic properties of this solvent. In particular, the non-linear dielectric response of water has been exhaustively scrutinized for the past nine decades. The semin... |
541,165,883,113 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment}
The authors are grateful to A.G. Khrapak, A.A. Rukhadze, P.P.J.M. Schram and A.G. Zagorodny for helpful discussions.
This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 14-19-01492.\\
|
541,165,883,114 | arxiv | \subsection*{#1}
\forget
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-0.2in}
\setlength{\textheight}{8in}
\addtolength{\textwidth}{0.2in}
\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-0.1in}
\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.1in}
\forgotten
\newcommand{\sone}{\mathsf{S}_1}
\newcommand{\sfin}{\mathsf{S}_\mathrm{fin}}
\newcommand{\scof}{\m... |
541,165,883,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Traditional analysis of fMRI data focused primarily on studying the patterns of individual brain regions.
Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding relationships between distinct regions; referred to as
brain connectivity.
The subsequent study of brain connectivity has provi... |
541,165,883,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{The model} The system
\begin{align} \label{prob:may_nowak}
\begin{cases}
u' = - u - uw + \kappa, \\
v' = - v + uw, \\
w' = - w + v.
\end{cases}
\end{align}
can be used to describe the dynamics of a virus infection.
Here $u$ and $v$ model healthy and infected cells, resp... |
541,165,883,117 | arxiv | \section*{Nomenclature}
\section{Introduction}
One of the cornerstones of non-linear control theory is \ac{NDI}, also called output feedback linearization, which has found applications in many different fields \citep{costa2003,Lane1988,wang2011novel,holzapfel2004dynamic,lombaerts2019nonlinear}.
The concept is based... |
541,165,883,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The satellites of the Milky Way offer a number of critical tests of
the current cosmological paradigm, the $\Lambda$CDM model. Their
abundance and internal structure are sensitive to the nature of the
dark matter and thus to the high frequency end of the linear power
spectrum of density fl... |
541,165,883,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The typical feature of $p$-form gauge theories, namely, the reducibility
allows their link with string theory and supergravity models \cite{1}--\cite
{6}. Recently, $p$-form gauge theories have attracted attention in relation
with their characteristic cohomology \cite{7} and also with their
appl... |
541,165,883,120 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Kamerlingh Onnes discovered some ninety years ago that the resistivity of
certain metals would drop to zero when the temperature was lowered below a
critical value $T_c$. He accordingly termed superconductors all materials which
exhibited such state of disipationless electric flow. Supercondu... |
541,165,883,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This work collects some results on a theory of a cumulative distribution function on a linearly ordered topological space (LOTS).
Moreover, we show that this function plays a similar role to that played in the classical case and study its inverse, which allows us to generate samples of the prob... |
541,165,883,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Judging Hospital Quality}
How can we assess quality across hospitals? Simple comparisons of hospital-specific outcomes can be misleading: Hospitals that treat patient populations with complex, chronic conditions will generally have worse outcomes than hospitals that treat patients who are health... |
541,165,883,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Set-up and motivation} For $\mathbf x = (x_1, \ldots, x_d)\in \mathsf {T}_d$
where
$$
\mathsf {T}_d = [0,1]^d
$$
is the $d$-dimensional unit cube, we define the \textit{Weyl sums}
of length $N$ as
$$
S_{d}(\mathbf x; N) = \sum_{n=1}^{N} {\mathbf{\,e}}\(x_1n + \ldots + x_... |
541,165,883,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During recent years much attention has been paid to the
formulation and study the physics living on noncommutative spaces.
The motivation, among others \cite{doplicher,madore1},
partly is the natural appearance of noncommutative spaces
in some areas of physics, for example in the string
theory. I... |
541,165,883,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace*{0.6cm}
Previously rare $B$ decays such as $b \rightarrow s \gamma,
b \rightarrow sl{\overline l}$, $b \rightarrow s\nu{\overline \nu}$,
$b{\overline q}\rightarrow l{\overline l}$ and $b \rightarrow sg$, have been
the subject of some interest in the literature.
The object of such studies... |
541,165,883,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
A popular triangular element for solving two-dimensional flows was introduced by
Hood \& Taylor~\cite{HT74}. It has the serious physical drawback that continuity is only
satisfied over the whole domain of the problem and not over each element. A consequence
of this phenomenon and th... |
541,165,883,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Besides pair (e.g.\ electron-positron, $e^+$$e^-$) creation in counter
propagating null fields, e.g.\ by the Breit-Wheeler process, also other purely
electromagnetic fields qualify for pair production.
An outstanding example is the Schwinger effect originally meaning the
instability of a spatiall... |
541,165,883,128 | arxiv | \section{Background}
\subsection{Combinatorial Game Theory}
\emph{Combinatorial Game Theory} is the study of games with:
\begin{itemize}
\item Two players alternating turns,
\item No randomness, and
\item Perfect information for both players.
\end{itemize}
A \emph{ruleset} is a pair of functions that determine... |
541,165,883,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the drivers of the most intense geomagnetic storms at Earth. The composition of enhanced particle density, high speed and an enclosed magnetic flux rope with an increased magnetic field strength can lead to severe disturbances on Earth and the difficulties with... |
541,165,883,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{sections/introduction}
\section{Extended Task Definition}
\label{sec:task-definition}
\input{sections/task-definition}
\section{Models}
\label{sec:models}
\input{sections/models}
\begin{table}[t]
\small
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l}
\toprule
... |
541,165,883,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Regularization of large neural networks through stochastic model
averaging was recently shown to be an effective tool against
overfitting in supervised classification tasks. Dropout
\cite{Hinton2012} was the first of these stochastic methods which led
to improved performance on several benchmarks... |
541,165,883,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that novae refer to a close interacting binary system. The primary component
is a compact white dwarf (WD) which could be either a CO type or an ONe type and the secondary component is generally a main sequence
star or a late-type giant. This system is very close, with orbital pe... |
541,165,883,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graph neural networks have received increasing attention and proved extremely useful for many tasks with graph-structured data, such as citation, social, and protein networks \cite{velickovic2018graph}.
In this paper, we aim to extend graph neural networks to lifelong learning, which is also refe... |
541,165,883,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Time series sensor data abound in many real-world settings including human activity recognition \cite{anguita2013public}, sleep stage classification \cite{zhao2017icml}, gesture recognition \cite{uWaveDataset}, speech recognition \cite{hosseiniasl2019augmented}, and diagnosis and mortality predi... |
541,165,883,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The observed accelerated expansion of the Universe (\cite{Riess98, Perl99}) can currently be
explained by either the existence of a repulsive force associated with so called ``dark energy'', or an erroneous
description of gravity by General Relativity on large spatial scales (for a review see
... |
541,165,883,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The formation and evolution of galactic spiral arms is a fundamental problem in astronomy. Nearly one hundred years of theoretical and observational work (e.g., \citet{hub26}, \citet{lind63}, \citet{linshu64}, \citet{elmgreen&elmgreen82}, \citet{sell-carl1984} and many more) ha... |
541,165,883,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
In this paper we consider a Brownian motion with drift, and we present some asymptotic
results for the last zero crossing time (in a time interval $[0,t]$) as the drift tends
to infinity. In our proofs we handle some formulas presented in \cite{IafrateOrsingher},
and we ref... |
541,165,883,138 | arxiv | \section*{\it \large Abstract}
We discuss a representative selection of particle acceleration mechanisms believed
to be operating in Active Galactic Nuclei. Starting from direct electrostatic field acceleration
in the vicinity of the black hole up to Fermi-type particle acceleration in the jet and beyond,
possible e... |
541,165,883,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Features (CRSF), also referred to as Cyclotron Lines,
constitute an important tool for measuring the magnetic field strength of accreting
neutron stars in X-ray binary systems. A long-term study of the cyclotron
line can reveal the evolution of the magnetic field ... |
541,165,883,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a nonzero $n\times m$ matrix over a commutative ring $R$
(with identity), and $r$ be the rank of $M$.
If there exist invertible $n \times n$ and $m \times m$ matrices $P$ and $Q$ such that the product $PMQ$ is a diagonal matrix with diagonal entries $d_1,d_2,\dots, d_r,0,0,\dots,0$... |
541,165,883,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The application of the ionic-liquid-gating technique to low-temperature physics has attracted considerable attention because it can control the charge carrier density over an extremely wide range.\cite{Bis17} This technique uses an ionic liquid (organic salt in the liquid phase at room temperatu... |
541,165,883,142 | arxiv | \section{Jupiter as a cosmic ray detector}
\label{jupiter}
A recent Letter \citep{andrews} claims that a gamma-ray detector on an Earth-orbiting satellite, e.g. Fermi \citep{Fermi}, would be sensitive to Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) interacting in Jupiter's atmosphere. The satellite instrument would detect g... |
541,165,883,143 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fast radio bursts (FRBs), a recently discovered class of transient events in which a $\sim 1 ~\mathrm{Jy}$ signal of duration $\sim 1 ~\mathrm{ms}$ is observed at radio frequencies of $\sim 1-10~\mathrm{GHz}$, have become the source of great debate in the astrophysical community. The large disper... |
541,165,883,144 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Multi-loop Feynman diagrams pose a serious challenge, especially in
the massive case where multiple scales arise. Apart from the successes
of high-order expansions in $\alpha$ in QED, which provide a stringent
test of quantum field theory, Feynman diagrams are also the way in which
we underst... |
541,165,883,145 | arxiv |
\section{AND/OR Graphs}\label{sec:AO*}
Many problems in artificial intelligence can be formulated as a framework for problem solving in a state space search. The AND/OR graph is a directed graph that represent a problem solving process. The solution of AND/OR is a sub-graph of the AND/OR, called {\em solution graph}, ... |
541,165,883,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A classical algorithm to test for graph isomorphism is the $k$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm ($k$-WL), which was first suggested in its 2-dimensional form by Weisfeiler and Leman in \cite{WLe68} and investigated in general by Cai, Fürer and Immerman in \cite{CaiFI92}. Given a graph $G =... |
541,165,883,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The near-Earth solar wind is a dynamic plasma environment supporting
broadband turbulent spectra of plasma and electromagnetic field
fluctuations, providing a uniquely accessible venue for the study of
the fundamental physics of astrophysical plasma turbulence. Direct
spacecraft... |
541,165,883,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We report on two areas where progress has been made into revealing the higher
order structure of $\beta$-functions using the large $N$ expansion. First, we
recall that a highlight of the Pisa workshop was the breakthrough by Broadhurst
in computing those diagrams of the six and seven loop $... |
541,165,883,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
$\gamma$\,Cas, the first Be star identified, was long considered as a prototype of this category. However, the advent of high-energy facilities unveiled the presence of an intriguing peculiarity: very hard and moderately strong thermal X-ray emission \citep[for a review see \citealt{smi16}]{jer76... |
541,165,883,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The decline of coronal emission with age is commonly
interpreted to be a consequence of reduced magnetic activity during
the course of stellar evolution. Mass loss through magnetized stellar
winds progressively decreases the star rotation rate, and this in turn
makes the generation of surface m... |
541,165,883,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The impact of machine learning (ML) on chemical and materials science is tremendous as it extends the computationally affordable time and length scales when modeling and predicting physical and chemical phenomena~\cite{Dral2020, Mueller2020, Unke2021, Manzhos2021, Deringer2021}. Particularly, ML... |
541,165,883,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
The Universe contains prominent structures up to $\sim 100\,{\rm Mpc}$, only
reaching homogeneity on much large scales \citep[e.g.][]{Peebles1980,Davis1985}.
The properties of galaxies and other objects, which form and evolve in
the cosmic web, are expected to be affected by t... |
541,165,883,153 | arxiv | \section{Background and motivation}
\label{sec:background}
\subsection{Auto-tuners have a performance gap}
State-of-the-art DNN compilers and frameworks~\cite{autoTVM, ansor} leverage auto-tuning to identify effective tensor implementations. Auto-tuners transform a tensor program into an equivalent but structural... |
541,165,883,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider a repeated coordination game with observable actions and
with unobserved stage utilities that depend on an unknown, unchanging
state of nature. The state is either high ($H$) or low ($L$). In each
period, players choose between two actions: invest ($I$) or not invest
($N$). Not inves... |
541,165,883,155 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
When different phases are in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other at constant temperature $T$ and pressure $P$, the chemical potentials of the phases must be equal. The number of equality relationships determines the number of degrees of freedom $F$. This leads to the famous Gibbs phase ru... |
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