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541,165,883,056
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Kostka-Foulkes polynomials, $K_{\lambda\mu}(t)\in\mathbb N[t]$, describe the connections between characters of $GL_n(\mathbb{F}_q)$ and the Hall-Steinitz algebra~\cite{Green}, give characters of cohomology rings of Springer fibers for ${\rm GL}_n$~\cite{Spr,HoSpr}, and are graded multiplicitie...
541,165,883,057
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Bayesian machine learning and signal processing, Gaussian processes (GPs) are used to approximate unknown functions~\cite{rasmussen2006gaussian} and provide posterior estimates for mean and variance of the target functions in the selected points. The function can be latent, and, in this case, ...
541,165,883,058
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the following two-stage Stochastic Generalized\linebreak Equations (SGE) \begin{eqnarray} \label{geq-1} &&0\in \bbe[\Phi(x, y(\xi), \xi)]+ \Gamma_1(x),\;x\in X, \\ \label{geq-2} &&0\in\Psi(x, y(\xi), \xi)+\Gamma_2(y(\xi), \xi), \;\; \mbox{ for a.e.}\; \xi\in\Xi. \end{eqnarray} Here $X\...
541,165,883,059
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study a class of self-adjoint operators in a Kre\u{\i}n space which turns out to be similar to self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space. Recall that a Kre\u{\i}n space is a complex vector space $\cK$ with a sesquilinear form $\kip$ such that there exist subspaces $\cK_+$ and ...
541,165,883,060
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Anomalies} Anomalies are a puzzling discovery in quantum field theory. Certain classical symmetries and conservation laws are broken if the fields become quantized and have been named anomalies. They have a long history starting with investigations of pion decays \cite{St49,Ad69,BJ69...
541,165,883,061
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} Close connection between negative curvature and hyperbolic dynamics is a classical principle. For example, geodesic flow on a compact negatively curved manifold is an important example of an Anosov flow, and symbolic dynamics for Smale's Axiom A diffeomorphisms~\cite{bowen:markovpartition} is cl...
541,165,883,062
arxiv
\section{An Introduction to Serverless Computing} \section{Background} \label{sec:background} \subsection{Life-cycle of a Serverless Function} \label{sec:background:lifetime} Figure~\ref{fig:motivation:openwhisk} describes the life-cycle of a serverless function invocation in a generic serverless platform. \begin{f...
541,165,883,063
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The low-scale string scenario \cite{Antoniadis:1990ew} (and see Refs.\cite{Antoniadis:2004wm,Antoniadis:2007uz} for review) is an interesting possibility which may be confirmed or excluded by the LHC. Low-energy supersymmetry is not necessary and electroweak symmetry breakin...
541,165,883,064
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By a \emph{pseudovariety} we mean a class of semigroups which is closed under taking subsemigroups, finite direct products, and homomorphic images. A pseudovariety is said to be \emph{decidable} if there is an algorithm to test membership of a finite semigroup; otherwise, the pseudovariety is...
541,165,883,065
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One-dimensional double well potentials give relatively simple examples of quantum-mechanical tunneling and of the splitting of the energy eigenvalues for the ground state and the first excited state (symmetric and antisymmetric wavefunctions for a symmetric double well potential). However, ther...
541,165,883,066
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \newcommand{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{e}} \newcommand{\mathcal{O}}{\mathcal{O}} \newcommand{\mathbb{N}}{\mathbb{N}} \newdimen\tableauside\tableauside=1.0ex \newdimen\tableaurule\tableaurule=0.4pt \newdimen\tableaustep \def\phan...
541,165,883,067
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The measurement of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) \cite{first}, parametrizing the non-perturbative hadron structure in hard exclusive processes, represents one of the challenges of nowadays hadronic Physics. GPDs enter the long-distance dominated part of exclusive lepton Deep Inelast...
541,165,883,068
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The problem of designing observers for nonlinear systems has received a lot of attention due to its importance in practical applications, where some of the states may not be available for measurement. The interested reader is referred to \cite{ASTbook, BESbook} for a recent review o...
541,165,883,069
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In detail studies of the phenomenological aspects of jet quenching in RHIC and LHC have provided a better understanding of the dynamical processes involved in parton energy loss in recent years \cite{Baier:1994bd,Baier:1996sk,Zakharov:1996fv,Salgado:2003gb,Spousta:2015fca,Mehtar-Tani:2019ygg}. In...
541,165,883,070
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S:intro} Throughout this paper, by a \emph{knotted surface} (or, synonymously, \emph{2-knot}) will always be meant a \emph{smooth} embedding in $\mathrm{I\!R\!}^{\;4}$ of a compact 2-manifold $M$ (where $M$ is smooth, not necessarily connected, and is not assigned an orientation.) \footnote...
541,165,883,071
arxiv
\section{Exoplanets beyond the solar neighbourhood} In the last twenty years the field of extrasolar planets has witnessed an exceptionally fast development, revealing an incredibly diverse menagerie of planetary companions. These discoveries changed the place that our Solar System occupies in the Galactic context and...
541,165,883,072
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:Introduction}} Whenever human subjects are sampled from one or a small number of communities, schools, hospitals, etc., as is routine in the health and social sciences, they may be connected by social ties, such as friendship or family membership, that could engender statistical d...
541,165,883,073
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} With the ubiquitous video capture devices, a huge amount of videos are producted, which brings a great demand for automatic video content analysis \cite{lu2016optasia,2010mm_yzheng,simonyan2014two,ye2015evaluating,2017iccv_tap,2017arxiv_kyang,shou2016temporal,yeung2016end,shou2...
541,165,883,074
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past thirty years a clear paradigm has emerged as large redshift surveys opened the window onto the distribution of matter in our Local Universe: galaxies, intergalactic gas and dark matter exist in a wispy weblike spatial arrangement consisting of dense compact clusters, elongated filam...
541,165,883,075
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For an admissible Lagrangian $L$ in a Liouville domain, we consider a version of Lagrangian Floer homology, called \emph{wrapped Floer homology} $\HW_*(L)$, introduced in \cite{AbSe10}. Wrapped Floer homology is equipped with a family of algebraic structures, called $A_{\infty}$-structures, whic...
541,165,883,076
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we revisit the problem of learning a linear classifier, which is one of the most important and fundamental tasks of machine learning \citep{prml}. In this problem, we are given a set $\mathcal{S}$ of $n$ training examples, and the goal is to find a linear classifier that correctly ...
541,165,883,077
arxiv
\partial{\partial} \def\hbox{D}{\hbox{D}} \def\hbox{D}{\hbox{D}} \def\hbox{e}{\hbox{e}} \def{\it e.g.}, {{\it e.g.}, } \REF\vj{ J.D. Cohn and V. Periwal, IAS/Fermilab preprint IASSNS-HEP-92-18, Fermilab-92/126-T, Nucl. Phys. B to appear} \REF\ps{ J. Polchinski and A. Strominger, {\sl Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf % 67} (1991)...
541,165,883,078
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A binary code of block length $n$ and codebook size $2^k$ is called an $(n,k)$ code, which is said to be \emph{linear} if it is a subspace of $\{0,1\}^n$. Linear codes have been extensively studied in coding theory. For memoryless binary symmetric channels (BSCs), asymptotically capacity achiev...
541,165,883,079
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classical $K$-moment problem for a closed subset $K$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\ge1$, is determining whether a given linear functional $\map{L}{\sgr{\mathbb{R}}{\underline{X}}=\mathbb{R}[X_1,\dots,X_n]}{\mathbb{R}}$ is representable as an integral with respect to a positive Radon measure $\mu$, s...
541,165,883,080
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study the initial value problem (IVP) for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schr\"odinger (INLS) equation \begin{equation} \begin{cases} i \partial_t u + \Delta u + |x|^{-b} |u|^{2 \sigma}u = 0, \,\,\, x \in \mathbb{R}^N, \,t>0,\\ u(x,0) = u_0(x) , \end{cases} \label{PVI} \end{equatio...
541,165,883,081
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quiet Sun (QS) consists of network (NE) and internetwork (IN) regions. The photospheric NE outline the borders of supergranular cells, while the IN represents the cell interiors. Both are permeated by magnetic fields. These fields are strong (of order 1 kG) in the NE and much weaker (of ...
541,165,883,082
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the promotion of digital human models in virtual try-on, game industry, and creative media, the separated reconstruction of human body and clothing becomes urgently needed for its advantage on trying-on and interaction of human and garment in the real world. However, existing separated recon...
541,165,883,083
arxiv
\section{Leading Twist GTMDs} In Ref.[\refcite{Metz2}] it was found that with parity invariance, time reversal invariance, and Hermiticity there are 16 independent complex GTMDs for the quark-nucleon system, corresponding to 16 helicity amplitudes for quark-nucleon elastic scattering. However, we know that for elastic...
541,165,883,084
arxiv
\subsection{Angular momentum of the Cooper pair} Next, we treat the superconducting phase where the Cooper pairs consist of electrons on the conduction band Fermi surface which encloses a Berry flux of $\phi_{B}(k_{\mathrm{F}})$. In the weak coupling regime, we can describe the superconducting ground state using the ...
541,165,883,085
arxiv
\subsection{Upper-tail properties of the local principal eigenvalues} The first step is to give upper-tail asymptotics for the distribution of the local principal eigenvalues ${\lambda}^{(n)}(z)$ for $z\in\Pi^{(L_t)}$ and $n \in \mathbb{N}$. These will allow us to study the random variables $Z_{t}^{(j)}$ and ${\Psi}^{(...
541,165,883,086
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study the asymptotic behavior, as the discount factor $\lambda > 0$ goes to $0$, of the viscosity solutions to the Hamilton--Jacobi equations \[\lambda \, u + H(x,Du) =c \] posed in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^N$. Here $c$ is the so--called critical value defined as \[ c= \inf \{ a...
541,165,883,087
arxiv
\subsection{Experimental Results.} \vspace{-1mm} \begin{table} \begin{center} \resizebox{0.5\textwidth}{!}{ \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline Method & RGB & Optical Flow & Fusion\\ \hline Two Stream ~\cite{2stream14} & 73.0\% & 83.7\% & 88.0\% \\ Two Stream (VGG16)~\cite{Deep2stream15} & 78.4\% & 87.0\% ...
541,165,883,088
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Supernovae have a profound effect on the morphology, kinematics, and ionization balance of galaxies. The impact of supernova shocks on surrounding molecular clouds may also trigger new generations of star formation. The idea that cosmic-rays (up to $\sim 10^{14}$ eV) are produced by shock accel...
541,165,883,089
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Galaxy clusters grow continually through accretion of matter from the large scale filaments of the cosmic web. The largest of these clusters lie at the nodes, and accretion and relaxation occur continually over a wide range of mass scales \citep{EvrardReview}. Occasionally, clust...
541,165,883,090
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{table*}[ht] \centering \caption{Characteristic physical scales at two typical overdensities ($\Delta=500$ and $200$ times the critical density at redshift $z$) for an input mass of $10^{15} M_{\odot}$, a gas mass fraction $f_{\rm gas} =0.1$, and redshift 0. The dependence on mass and re...
541,165,883,091
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa}, the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations have ascertained that the observed properties of the Higgs boson are consistent with the corresponding predictions of the Standard Model (SM). Various production mechanisms ...
541,165,883,092
arxiv
\section*{References}} \graphicspath{{./fig/}} \input{glyphtounicode} \pdfgentounicode=1 \begin{document} \title{Efficient evaluation of Pauli strings with entangled measurements} \author{Ikko Hamamura} \email{hamamura@nucleng.kyoto-u.ac.jp} \affiliation{% Kyoto University \\ Department of Nuclear Engineering...
541,165,883,093
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \begin{figure*}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width = 0.7\textwidth]{QML_SEARCH.pdf} \caption{(Top) \textbf{Quantum embeddings for supervised quantum machine learning}. Similar to kernel methods, quantum embedding transforms observations in classical data spa...
541,165,883,094
arxiv
\chapter{Dynamic networks?} \label{chap:dynamic-networks} Behind the terms ``dynamic networks'' lies a rich diversity of contexts ranging from near-static networks with occasional changes, to networks where changes occur continuously and unpredictably. In the past two decades, these highly-dynamic networks gave ris...
541,165,883,095
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of non-parametric estimation of functions is very well studied in the literature \cite{gyorfi2002distribution,ruppert1994multivariate,stone1980optimal, stone1982optimal,tsybakov2008introduction,wasserman2013all}. The goal is to estimate a function $f:\mathbb{R}^d\to\mathbb{R}$ given...
541,165,883,096
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \textit{``Once upon a time the Universe sped up, out of emptiness. Then, there was something all over the place. Lucky we were that it dawdled to hasten again, so we can be here to observe".} \\ The current best-fitting picture of the statistical properties of the Universe, fro...
541,165,883,097
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} In this work matter is described as a large ensemble of charged particles which interact via the gravitational and electromagnetic fields created by the particles themselves. All the particles have the same rest mass, normalized to $1$, and the same charge $q_0\geq 0$. T...
541,165,883,098
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Semantic frame parsing is an important research topic for understanding natural language that aims to construct a semantic frame that captures the semantics of user utterances/queries. In general, simple semantic frame parsing consists of two main tasks \cite{marzinotto2018semantic}: detecting a ...
541,165,883,099
arxiv
\subsection{Event reconstruction} The event reconstruction, that is, to determine the ordering of hits $\{ (E_i, \vec{x}_i) \, ; \, i = 1, 2, ..., N_{\rm hit} \}$, is necessary to calculate $\theta_K$, $\theta_G$, and $\phi$. In this subsection we formulate a simple method of the reconstruction. \par For the events o...
541,165,883,100
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The effective dielectric constant in nonpolar fluids, spherical suspensions, metallic nanoparticle composites and generic disordered media is a problem profusely studied along the history. Its study goes back in time to the seminal works of Claussius \cite{Claussius}, Mossotti \cite{Mossotti}, ...
541,165,883,101
arxiv
\section{Quantum Hardware}\label{app:hardware} \vspace{0.15in} {\noindent \textbf{What are different quantum hardware platforms?} Physically, a quantum bit (qubit) can be realized using superconducting, semiconductor, or atomic qubit devices. For example, \textsc{ibm}\xspace, Rigetti, and Google use superconducting ...
541,165,883,102
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coherence of electronic transport through mesoscopic junctions has been studied intensively in nanoelectronic systems. In particular, the interference of electron waves has been visualized in Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometers via the AB oscillations of the conductance of a ring placed between ...
541,165,883,103
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hadron interactions are strong and, in principle, should be described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). However, experimental data show that their main features originate from the non-perturbative sector of QCD. Only the comparatively rare processes with high transferred momenta can be treated ...
541,165,883,104
arxiv
\section{Appendix I. Intensity-intensity correlation functions of a radiation field scattered from a crystal} We will consider a quasi-monochromatic x-ray beam $E_{in}(\mathbf{s})$ incident on a colloidal crystal in a shape of a thin slab of material (see Fig.\ref{fig::Diffraction_scheme}). An exit surface wave from ...
541,165,883,105
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Twitter\footnote{http://twitter.com/} has gained widespread popularity as a microblogging site where users share short messages (\emph{tweets}). Twitter users not only tweet about their personal issues or nearby events, but also about news and events of interest to some c...
541,165,883,106
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Extending earlier work~\cite{Bredenstein:2008zb}, where we discussed the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to $\mathswitchr t\bar\mathswitchr t\mathswitchr b\bar\mathswitchr b$ production via quark--antiquark annihilation, in this letter we present first results on the full NLO QCD co...
541,165,883,107
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heavy ion collisions are a powerful tool to study the nuclear properties at different conditions of density, temperature and isospin asymmetry. For example, in the Fermi energy regime (10-100 \textit{A} MeV\ ), it is possible to explore from very low barionic densities ($\rho / \rho_0\le0.2$) ...
541,165,883,108
arxiv
\section{Symbolic Reasoning} \label{sec:algorithms} So far we have defined the syntax and semantics of RCRS. These already allow us to specify and reason about systems in a compositional manner. However, such reasoning is difficult to do ``by hand''. For example, if we want to check whether a component $C$ is refin...
541,165,883,109
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s1} It is well established that neutrinos have tiny masses and mixings by observing neutrino oscillations between different flavors~\cite{Anselmann:1992kc,Fukuda:1998mi,Ahmad:2002jz,Ahmad:2002ka,Ahn:2006zza, Abe:2011sj,An:2012eh}. Such phenomena cannot be interpreted within the Standard Mod...
541,165,883,110
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much attention has been given to the so-called \emph{descent algebras}; see \cite{BergeronBergeron, BergeronBergeron2, Bergeron, Cellini, Cellini2, Cellini3, Fulman, GarsiaReutenauer, Loday, Mahajan, Petersen, Solomon}. Here we add a chapter to the story of the more recently introduced \emph{pea...
541,165,883,111
arxiv
\section{Fermions} \label{SIsec:1} In the main text, we show that when equipped with the appropriate chiral symmetry, the fermionic master equation has a unique, pure steady state. In this section, we provide a detailed proof for this result. Recall the Hamiltonian and jump operators: \begin{align} &\H_F = \sum_{i,j ...
541,165,883,112
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The importance of water as a regulator of biological processes has been the driving force behind the intense research on the electrostatic properties of this solvent. In particular, the non-linear dielectric response of water has been exhaustively scrutinized for the past nine decades. The semin...
541,165,883,113
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} The authors are grateful to A.G. Khrapak, A.A. Rukhadze, P.P.J.M. Schram and A.G. Zagorodny for helpful discussions. This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 14-19-01492.\\
541,165,883,114
arxiv
\subsection*{#1} \forget \addtolength{\topmargin}{-0.2in} \setlength{\textheight}{8in} \addtolength{\textwidth}{0.2in} \addtolength{\evensidemargin}{-0.1in} \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.1in} \forgotten \newcommand{\sone}{\mathsf{S}_1} \newcommand{\sfin}{\mathsf{S}_\mathrm{fin}} \newcommand{\scof}{\m...
541,165,883,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Traditional analysis of fMRI data focused primarily on studying the patterns of individual brain regions. Recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding relationships between distinct regions; referred to as brain connectivity. The subsequent study of brain connectivity has provi...
541,165,883,116
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{The model} The system \begin{align} \label{prob:may_nowak} \begin{cases} u' = - u - uw + \kappa, \\ v' = - v + uw, \\ w' = - w + v. \end{cases} \end{align} can be used to describe the dynamics of a virus infection. Here $u$ and $v$ model healthy and infected cells, resp...
541,165,883,117
arxiv
\section*{Nomenclature} \section{Introduction} One of the cornerstones of non-linear control theory is \ac{NDI}, also called output feedback linearization, which has found applications in many different fields \citep{costa2003,Lane1988,wang2011novel,holzapfel2004dynamic,lombaerts2019nonlinear}. The concept is based...
541,165,883,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The satellites of the Milky Way offer a number of critical tests of the current cosmological paradigm, the $\Lambda$CDM model. Their abundance and internal structure are sensitive to the nature of the dark matter and thus to the high frequency end of the linear power spectrum of density fl...
541,165,883,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The typical feature of $p$-form gauge theories, namely, the reducibility allows their link with string theory and supergravity models \cite{1}--\cite {6}. Recently, $p$-form gauge theories have attracted attention in relation with their characteristic cohomology \cite{7} and also with their appl...
541,165,883,120
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Kamerlingh Onnes discovered some ninety years ago that the resistivity of certain metals would drop to zero when the temperature was lowered below a critical value $T_c$. He accordingly termed superconductors all materials which exhibited such state of disipationless electric flow. Supercondu...
541,165,883,121
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This work collects some results on a theory of a cumulative distribution function on a linearly ordered topological space (LOTS). Moreover, we show that this function plays a similar role to that played in the classical case and study its inverse, which allows us to generate samples of the prob...
541,165,883,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Judging Hospital Quality} How can we assess quality across hospitals? Simple comparisons of hospital-specific outcomes can be misleading: Hospitals that treat patient populations with complex, chronic conditions will generally have worse outcomes than hospitals that treat patients who are health...
541,165,883,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Set-up and motivation} For $\mathbf x = (x_1, \ldots, x_d)\in \mathsf {T}_d$ where $$ \mathsf {T}_d = [0,1]^d $$ is the $d$-dimensional unit cube, we define the \textit{Weyl sums} of length $N$ as $$ S_{d}(\mathbf x; N) = \sum_{n=1}^{N} {\mathbf{\,e}}\(x_1n + \ldots + x_...
541,165,883,124
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During recent years much attention has been paid to the formulation and study the physics living on noncommutative spaces. The motivation, among others \cite{doplicher,madore1}, partly is the natural appearance of noncommutative spaces in some areas of physics, for example in the string theory. I...
541,165,883,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace*{0.6cm} Previously rare $B$ decays such as $b \rightarrow s \gamma, b \rightarrow sl{\overline l}$, $b \rightarrow s\nu{\overline \nu}$, $b{\overline q}\rightarrow l{\overline l}$ and $b \rightarrow sg$, have been the subject of some interest in the literature. The object of such studies...
541,165,883,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} A popular triangular element for solving two-dimensional flows was introduced by Hood \& Taylor~\cite{HT74}. It has the serious physical drawback that continuity is only satisfied over the whole domain of the problem and not over each element. A consequence of this phenomenon and th...
541,165,883,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Besides pair (e.g.\ electron-positron, $e^+$$e^-$) creation in counter propagating null fields, e.g.\ by the Breit-Wheeler process, also other purely electromagnetic fields qualify for pair production. An outstanding example is the Schwinger effect originally meaning the instability of a spatiall...
541,165,883,128
arxiv
\section{Background} \subsection{Combinatorial Game Theory} \emph{Combinatorial Game Theory} is the study of games with: \begin{itemize} \item Two players alternating turns, \item No randomness, and \item Perfect information for both players. \end{itemize} A \emph{ruleset} is a pair of functions that determine...
541,165,883,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the drivers of the most intense geomagnetic storms at Earth. The composition of enhanced particle density, high speed and an enclosed magnetic flux rope with an increased magnetic field strength can lead to severe disturbances on Earth and the difficulties with...
541,165,883,130
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \input{sections/introduction} \section{Extended Task Definition} \label{sec:task-definition} \input{sections/task-definition} \section{Models} \label{sec:models} \input{sections/models} \begin{table}[t] \small \centering \begin{tabular}{l} \toprule ...
541,165,883,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Regularization of large neural networks through stochastic model averaging was recently shown to be an effective tool against overfitting in supervised classification tasks. Dropout \cite{Hinton2012} was the first of these stochastic methods which led to improved performance on several benchmarks...
541,165,883,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that novae refer to a close interacting binary system. The primary component is a compact white dwarf (WD) which could be either a CO type or an ONe type and the secondary component is generally a main sequence star or a late-type giant. This system is very close, with orbital pe...
541,165,883,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graph neural networks have received increasing attention and proved extremely useful for many tasks with graph-structured data, such as citation, social, and protein networks \cite{velickovic2018graph}. In this paper, we aim to extend graph neural networks to lifelong learning, which is also refe...
541,165,883,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time series sensor data abound in many real-world settings including human activity recognition \cite{anguita2013public}, sleep stage classification \cite{zhao2017icml}, gesture recognition \cite{uWaveDataset}, speech recognition \cite{hosseiniasl2019augmented}, and diagnosis and mortality predi...
541,165,883,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observed accelerated expansion of the Universe (\cite{Riess98, Perl99}) can currently be explained by either the existence of a repulsive force associated with so called ``dark energy'', or an erroneous description of gravity by General Relativity on large spatial scales (for a review see ...
541,165,883,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The formation and evolution of galactic spiral arms is a fundamental problem in astronomy. Nearly one hundred years of theoretical and observational work (e.g., \citet{hub26}, \citet{lind63}, \citet{linshu64}, \citet{elmgreen&elmgreen82}, \citet{sell-carl1984} and many more) ha...
541,165,883,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} In this paper we consider a Brownian motion with drift, and we present some asymptotic results for the last zero crossing time (in a time interval $[0,t]$) as the drift tends to infinity. In our proofs we handle some formulas presented in \cite{IafrateOrsingher}, and we ref...
541,165,883,138
arxiv
\section*{\it \large Abstract} We discuss a representative selection of particle acceleration mechanisms believed to be operating in Active Galactic Nuclei. Starting from direct electrostatic field acceleration in the vicinity of the black hole up to Fermi-type particle acceleration in the jet and beyond, possible e...
541,165,883,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Features (CRSF), also referred to as Cyclotron Lines, constitute an important tool for measuring the magnetic field strength of accreting neutron stars in X-ray binary systems. A long-term study of the cyclotron line can reveal the evolution of the magnetic field ...
541,165,883,140
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $M$ be a nonzero $n\times m$ matrix over a commutative ring $R$ (with identity), and $r$ be the rank of $M$. If there exist invertible $n \times n$ and $m \times m$ matrices $P$ and $Q$ such that the product $PMQ$ is a diagonal matrix with diagonal entries $d_1,d_2,\dots, d_r,0,0,\dots,0$...
541,165,883,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The application of the ionic-liquid-gating technique to low-temperature physics has attracted considerable attention because it can control the charge carrier density over an extremely wide range.\cite{Bis17} This technique uses an ionic liquid (organic salt in the liquid phase at room temperatu...
541,165,883,142
arxiv
\section{Jupiter as a cosmic ray detector} \label{jupiter} A recent Letter \citep{andrews} claims that a gamma-ray detector on an Earth-orbiting satellite, e.g. Fermi \citep{Fermi}, would be sensitive to Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) interacting in Jupiter's atmosphere. The satellite instrument would detect g...
541,165,883,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fast radio bursts (FRBs), a recently discovered class of transient events in which a $\sim 1 ~\mathrm{Jy}$ signal of duration $\sim 1 ~\mathrm{ms}$ is observed at radio frequencies of $\sim 1-10~\mathrm{GHz}$, have become the source of great debate in the astrophysical community. The large disper...
541,165,883,144
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-loop Feynman diagrams pose a serious challenge, especially in the massive case where multiple scales arise. Apart from the successes of high-order expansions in $\alpha$ in QED, which provide a stringent test of quantum field theory, Feynman diagrams are also the way in which we underst...
541,165,883,145
arxiv
\section{AND/OR Graphs}\label{sec:AO*} Many problems in artificial intelligence can be formulated as a framework for problem solving in a state space search. The AND/OR graph is a directed graph that represent a problem solving process. The solution of AND/OR is a sub-graph of the AND/OR, called {\em solution graph}, ...
541,165,883,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A classical algorithm to test for graph isomorphism is the $k$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm ($k$-WL), which was first suggested in its 2-dimensional form by Weisfeiler and Leman in \cite{WLe68} and investigated in general by Cai, Fürer and Immerman in \cite{CaiFI92}. Given a graph $G =...
541,165,883,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The near-Earth solar wind is a dynamic plasma environment supporting broadband turbulent spectra of plasma and electromagnetic field fluctuations, providing a uniquely accessible venue for the study of the fundamental physics of astrophysical plasma turbulence. Direct spacecraft...
541,165,883,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We report on two areas where progress has been made into revealing the higher order structure of $\beta$-functions using the large $N$ expansion. First, we recall that a highlight of the Pisa workshop was the breakthrough by Broadhurst in computing those diagrams of the six and seven loop $...
541,165,883,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} $\gamma$\,Cas, the first Be star identified, was long considered as a prototype of this category. However, the advent of high-energy facilities unveiled the presence of an intriguing peculiarity: very hard and moderately strong thermal X-ray emission \citep[for a review see \citealt{smi16}]{jer76...
541,165,883,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The decline of coronal emission with age is commonly interpreted to be a consequence of reduced magnetic activity during the course of stellar evolution. Mass loss through magnetized stellar winds progressively decreases the star rotation rate, and this in turn makes the generation of surface m...
541,165,883,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The impact of machine learning (ML) on chemical and materials science is tremendous as it extends the computationally affordable time and length scales when modeling and predicting physical and chemical phenomena~\cite{Dral2020, Mueller2020, Unke2021, Manzhos2021, Deringer2021}. Particularly, ML...
541,165,883,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} The Universe contains prominent structures up to $\sim 100\,{\rm Mpc}$, only reaching homogeneity on much large scales \citep[e.g.][]{Peebles1980,Davis1985}. The properties of galaxies and other objects, which form and evolve in the cosmic web, are expected to be affected by t...
541,165,883,153
arxiv
\section{Background and motivation} \label{sec:background} \subsection{Auto-tuners have a performance gap} State-of-the-art DNN compilers and frameworks~\cite{autoTVM, ansor} leverage auto-tuning to identify effective tensor implementations. Auto-tuners transform a tensor program into an equivalent but structural...
541,165,883,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider a repeated coordination game with observable actions and with unobserved stage utilities that depend on an unknown, unchanging state of nature. The state is either high ($H$) or low ($L$). In each period, players choose between two actions: invest ($I$) or not invest ($N$). Not inves...
541,165,883,155
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} When different phases are in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other at constant temperature $T$ and pressure $P$, the chemical potentials of the phases must be equal. The number of equality relationships determines the number of degrees of freedom $F$. This leads to the famous Gibbs phase ru...