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541,165,883,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Observations have revealed a dichotomy in the population of neutron stars (NSs):\ flaring, slowly rotating magnetars with strong inferred magnetic fields are distinct from faster-rotating radio pulsars with weaker fields. Explaining these two populations remains an open ...
541,165,883,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Parties in many democracies around the world hold primary elections (e.g., Israel, Canada, UK, Spain, Italy); in such elections -- which we refer to as \emph{primaries} -- party members, and sometimes even sympathizers (without officially being party members), can select and rank their leaders a...
541,165,883,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Cosmic rays (CRs) play an important role in many aspects of Galaxy ecology \citep{Grenier2015}. Consequently, understanding more about these particles is a big leap forward in understanding our own Galaxy. In general CRs moderate processes by depositing or taking away energy. ...
541,165,883,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dynamics of opinion formation have been studied with growing attention; in particular in the field of physics \cite{Gal05,DeAmWeFa02,SznSzn00}, in which a new research field termed {\em sociophysics\/} (going back to the pioneering work of Galam {\em et al.} \cite{GaGeSh82}) emerged. More ...
541,165,883,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last ten years the theory of slice regular functions is developed systemically in the papers \cite{ colo10, gent13, gent12, gent121, gent11, gent111, gent1111, gent09, gent08, gent081, gent07, gent06}. Slice hyperholomorphic functions when defined and takes values in quaternions are...
541,165,883,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite the dramatic success of the standard model (SM), an essential component of SM responsible for generating masses in the theory, viz., the Higgs mechanism, as yet remains untested. The SM Higgs boson, signalling symmetry breaking in SM by means of one scalar doublet of $SU(2)$, is yet t...
541,165,883,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Chemical evolution models are the classical tool by which to interpret observed elemental abundances, and associated quantities such as gas and stellar surface densities, star formation histories, and the distribution of stellar ages. Elemental patterns carry the fingerprint of star formati...
541,165,883,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec1} Suppose you are \emph{\href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinedine_Zidane}{Zin\'edine Zidane}},\footnote{~Zin\'edine Yazid Zidane is a French retired attacking midfielder and the current manager of Real Madrid. He was named the best European footballer of the past 50 years in the UE...
541,165,883,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of magnetic systems is one of the most active fields of research in condensed matter physics~\cite{blundell01}: the variety of emerging ground-states, as well as the rich phase diagram of magnetic lattices, makes these systems an optimal testbed to probe the competition betwe...
541,165,883,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxy clusters are the largest collapsed objects in the universe, making them excellent tools for studying cosmology and the astrophysics of gravitational collapse. They are rare excursions in the matter density field and the formation history of clusters is closely tied to the ...
541,165,883,166
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In this work we propose the task of video object segmentation using language referring expressions. We propose an approach to address this new task as well as extend two well-known video object segmentation benchmarks with textual descriptions of target objects. Our experiments indicate that langu...
541,165,883,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Talking face generation from speech, also referred to as lip-syncing, is synthesizing a video of a target identity such that the mouth region is consistent with arbitrary audio input. It has many applications such as audio-driven photorealistic avatars that can be employed in online classes or ga...
541,165,883,168
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} We give a compilation algorithm from \ensuremath{\lambda^\parallel}{}, a simply typed lambda calculus with nondeterministic choices, into \ensuremath{\lambda^{\parallel\omega}}{}, a simply typed lambda calculus with coordinated choices; and show the compilation is sound and correct. \b...
541,165,883,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Entanglement is one of the most interesting properties of quantum system involving more than one subsystems \cite{Schrodinger,Werner,Horodecki}. This holistic property, which involves non classical correlations among subsystems, is useful resource for many quantum processes including canonical on...
541,165,883,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The gauge hierarchy problem has been one of the main motivations to go beyond the standard model (SM). A novel idea that addresses this problem was put forward by Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali (ADD) wherein they introduced extra spatial dimensions and allowed only gravity to propagate i...
541,165,883,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A galaxy's environment plays a key role in determining its evolution. For elliptical galaxies, it is generally thought that mergers of disk galaxies in the field and in groups are the dominant formation mechanism. Elliptical--rich groups that fall in along filaments create the elliptical--rich ...
541,165,883,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Choose a graph, e.g. a square lattice, on $n$ vertices and compute its Ising partition function $\mathcal{Z}$, keeping track of its terms according to their magnetisation, so that $\mathcal{Z}=\mathcal{Z}_0 + \mathcal{Z}_1+\cdots +\mathcal{Z}_n$. The quotient $\mathcal{Z}_k/\mathcal{Z}$ is the pr...
541,165,883,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We prove that the de Rham approach to intersection space cohomology yields the same cohomology ring as the spatial approach in analogy to ordinary cohomology on smooth manifolds. We give an explicit ring isomorphism that integrates smooth forms on the top stratum over smooth cycles. In Section \...
541,165,883,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Both the existence and deformation of Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic manifolds are known to exhibit different types of rigidity. In other words, there are subtle obstructions that can only be detected by techniques that go far beyond classical topology. Notable such techniques and obstr...
541,165,883,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formulation of a theory of quantum gravity is one of the most important unsolved problems in physics. It faces not only technical but above all, conceptual problems. The main one arises from the fact that, in quantum physics, space and time are a priori structures which enter the definition...
541,165,883,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\boldsymbol{X}^{(1)},\boldsymbol{X}^{(2)},\dots,\boldsymbol{X}^{(M)}$ be mutually independent $n \times n$ (complex) random matrices with independent entries. In a recent work, Koppel, O'Rourke and Vu \cite{kopel2018random} studied the local universality of correlation functions associated ...
541,165,883,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{i} Consider a scaled Navier-Stokes system in the form \bFormula{i1} \partial_t \varrho + {\rm div}_x (\varrho \vc{u}) = 0, \end{equation} \bFormula{i2} \partial_t (\varrho \vc{u}) + {\rm div}_x (\varrho \vc{u} \otimes \vc{u}) + \frac{1}{\varepsilon} ( {\vc{g}} \times \varrho \vc{u} ) + \fr...
541,165,883,178
arxiv
\section*{S1: THERMOCOMPRESSION BONDING SETUP AND PROCEDURE} \label{THERMOCOMPRESSION:BONDING:SETUP:AND:PROCEDURE} \begin{figure*}[t!] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{Figure01_McRae_SupplMatC.pdf} \caption{Thermocompression bonding setup. (a) Vacuum chamber. (b) Aligning-compressing fixture compri...
541,165,883,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Open source cloud frameworks allow their customers to build their own private Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). IaaS provides Virtual Machines (VMs) under the pay-per-use business model \cite{mell2011nist}. The source code of Open Source (OS) clouds is distributed publicly. Moreover, often sof...
541,165,883,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The incidence algebra of a locally finite poset $\mathcal{P}=(P,\leq)$ consists of all real-valued functions of two variables, say $f(x,y)$, where $x$ and $y$ range over the elements of $\mathcal{P}$, and where $f(x,y)=0$ if $x\not\leq y$. Among the elements of this alg...
541,165,883,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum correlations, here defined as the correlations between the outcomes of compatible sharp measurements (i.e., repeatable and only disturbing incompatible measurements \cite{CY14,Kleinmann14}), exhibit many nonclassical features. Quantum correlations between spacelike separated measurement...
541,165,883,182
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Indroduction}Introduction} Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) \cite{sutton2018reinforcement} has found tremendous success and demonstrated a human- or superhuman- level of capabilities in a wide range of tasks, such as mastering video games \cite{Mnih2015Human-levelLearning, schrittwieser201...
541,165,883,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical cosmology as a description of the early universe is plagued by the big bang singularity. In this extreme high energy and high curvature regime quantum space-time is expected to take over the reigns from general relativity in a way which will hopefully cure the singularity problem. A co...
541,165,883,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article, two-player win/lose games of infinite duration are games where two players \emph{concurrently and deterministically} choose one action each at every of infinitely many rounds, and ``in the end'' exactly one player wins. Such games (especially their simpler, turn-based variant) h...
541,165,883,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Capillary filling, the ability of water to fill a hydrophilic channel, has been recognised since the pioneering work of Lucas and Washburn \cite{Washburn21,Lucas18,Bell1906} nearly a century ago. However, investigations of capillary filling in microchannels remain interesting due to modern...
541,165,883,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Holography, or gauge/gravity correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Gubser:1998bc,Witten:1998qj} is probably the most mysterious yet profound duality we learned through string theory. Although two decades has passed from its discovery, many aspects remain to be understood better. One of the key...
541,165,883,187
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The study of algebraic curves is a central topic of algebraic geometry. Since every smooth projective curve embeds in $\mathbf{P}^3$, a lot of research has been devoted to the study of space curves. An important way to produce examples of space curves is to use high degree divisors on the curves...
541,165,883,188
arxiv
\section{Experiments} In this section, we first introduce the common benchmark datasets KITTI~\cite{geiger2012we}, JRDB~\cite{martin2021jrdb}, and SUN-RGBD~\cite{song2015sun}, as well as the corresponding evaluation metrics in Sec.~\ref{exp_setup}. Then we provide implementation details of our method EPNet++ in Sec.~\...
541,165,883,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Search for New Physics (NP) via $b \rightarrow c \tau \nu_{\tau}$ transitions is particularly interesting as it involves third-generation fermions both in the initial and final states. Presence of leptoquarks and charged Higgs boson in 2 Higgs doublet model (2HDM) could enhance or suppress this...
541,165,883,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} There is a long history of studies of the magnetic response of an electron gas, confined to a finite boundary. Starting with Bohr and van Leeuwen \cite{vanvleck}, to Landau's finite diamagnetism in the quantum regime \cite{landau,dingle}. The problem is still of current theo...
541,165,883,191
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION \label{section_introduction}} Weak gravitational lensing from large-scale structures in the universe, often called cosmic shear, allows one to address a number of critical issues in modern cosmology. Its application encompasses the study of the universe's matter density and its fluctuation, prob...
541,165,883,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the classical theory black holes can only absorb and not emit particles. However it was shown that quantum mechanical effects cause black holes to create and emit particles. It is also well known that the most significant prediction of this theory is the phenomenon of particle creation w...
541,165,883,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {In the papers \cite{Athanasiou:2010pv,Hatta:2011gh,Maeda:2007be} radiation by a pointlike quark in ${\cal{N}} =$~4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling is investigated using the AdS/CFT correspondence in the supergravity approximation \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Gubser:1998bc...
541,165,883,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} In this paper we introduce a new approach for approximately counting in bounded degree systems with higher-order constraints. For example, if we are given a CNF formula $\Phi$ with $n$ variables and $m$ clauses with the property that each clause contains between $k$ and ...
541,165,883,195
arxiv
\section{Motivation} \label{sec:Motiv} Dark Matter and neutrino oscillations represent unquestionable evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. The missing matter problem is solved postulating the existence of a yet to be discovered exotic, dark sector containing long-lived particles. A very attractive framework ...
541,165,883,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}} Solar System volatiles and organics are often observed to have non-Solar isotopic compositions, especially with respect to their D/H ratios \citep{Robert82,Mumma11,Ceccarelli14,Alexander17,Altwegg19}. The observed deuterium enrichments encode information about the molecules' f...
541,165,883,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:SAMImotivation} The Tully-Fisher relation \citep[TFR;][]{Tully:1977aa} describes the correlation between a galaxy's rotation speed and its luminosity. The relation demonstrates an underlying link between the stellar mass of galaxies and their total masses (including both baryonic and ...
541,165,883,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In their earliest classification of the $4$BATSE catalog \citep{Meegan1997}, all GRBs have been classified in short and long bursts being their $T_{90}$ duration longer or shorter than $2$ s \citep{Klebesadel1992,Dezalay1992,Koveliotou1993,Tavani1998}. In the meantime, short bursts have been...
541,165,883,199
arxiv
\section{Extensive-Form Games} Now we consider \emph{finite horizon extensive-form games}. (See for example \cite{OsborneRubinstein}, Chapter 6.) Such a game takes place in a finite number of time steps, at each of which only a single player (possibly nature) may move. (Which player moves, and what actions the play...
541,165,883,200
arxiv
\chapter{\texorpdfstring{#1}{#2}}\chaptermark{#2}} \newcommand{\leftsub}[2]{{\vphantom{#2}}_{#1}{#2}} \newcommand{\sfrac}[2]{\left.#1\middle/#2\right.} \newcommand{\br}[1]{\left(#1\right)} \newcommand{\fbr}[1]{\!\br{#1}} \newcommand{\rconf}{\mathfrak{R}} \newcommand{\needscite}{[??]} \newcomman...
541,165,883,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper presents two proofs of an appealing corollary of Stanley's Hook Content Formula \cite[Theorem 7.21.2]{StanleyII} for the number of semistandard Young tableaux: the first is self-contained and entirely elementary, while the second uses Stanley's result and symmetric polynomials. Th...
541,165,883,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} IGR J20159+3713/SWIFT J2015.9+3715 is a new soft gamma-ray source first detected with the IBIS imager on board the \emph{INTEGRAL} satellite (Krivonos et al. 2010) and then confirmed by the BAT instrument on board the \emph{Swift} mission (Cusumano et al. 2010). The source lies in a region of ...
541,165,883,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical theta functions are viewed geometrically as coordinates of canonical embeddings of a $g$-dimensional complex torus into projective space, giving the torus the structure of an abelian variety. The set of complex structures on the torus can be parametrized by a matrix $\tau$ in Siegel...
541,165,883,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} Discovery of the Higgs boson at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has confirmed the standard model of particle physics~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012xdj}. To be precise the standard model is an effective theory below TeV scale, meanwhile the ...
541,165,883,205
arxiv
\section{Basic tools in the geometry of least squares}\label{secintro} The method of least squares has by now a long and well-trodden history, which we will not attempt to address in this work. Toward the end of the 20th century, \citet{stigler} referred to the method of least squares as the automobile of (then)...
541,165,883,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Center vortices are topological defects that are observed in lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) simulations \cite{Biddle:2022zgw}. They provide a potential explanation for the mechanism of confinement in QCD and the deconfinement phase transition \cite{THOOFT19781, CORNWALL1979392, tHooft:197...
541,165,883,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{C}{an} you find the concealed object(s) in each image of \figref{fig:COD10KExample} within 10 seconds? Biologists refer to this as \emph{background matching camouflage (BMC)} \cite{cuthill2005disruptive}, where one or more objects attempt to adapt their ...
541,165,883,208
arxiv
\section*{Model calculations and results} For our model calculations we used two model input electron-boson spectral density functions: one consists of a single Gaussian peak, i.e. $I^2\chi(\omega) =\frac{A_p}{\sqrt{2\pi} (d/2.35)} \exp\Big{[}\!-\!\frac{(\omega-\omega_p)^2}{2(d/2.35)^2} \Big{]}$ where $A_p$ is the Ga...
541,165,883,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Massive stars $(M_{\rm initial}\,\raisebox{-.4ex}{$\stackrel{>}{\scriptstyle \sim}$} \,8 M_\odot)$ are among the key players in the cosmic evolution. These hot stars generate most of the ultraviolet radiation of galaxies and power their infrared luminosities. Massive stars, their winds and the...
541,165,883,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec: introduction} A variety of algebras is called \textit{finitely based} (FB) if it has a finite basis of identities, otherwise, the variety is said to be \textit{non-finitely based} (NFB). Much effort is devoted to studying the finite basis problem for varieties of algebras of various...
541,165,883,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is evident that the usage of mobile communication continues to rise throughout the years. To match the increasing needs, newer generations of communication systems are being developed to reach higher data rate and more reliable transmissions. Currently, as the world shifts to fifth-generation...
541,165,883,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro_alin} A sequence $(u_n)_{n\geq 0}$ is called \emph{C-recursive} if it satisfies a linear recurrence relation whose coefficients are constant with respect to~$n$. The famous sequence $(f_n)_{n \geq 0}$ of Fibonacci numbers, defined by the recurrence $f_{n+2} = f_{n+1} + f_n$ and ...
541,165,883,213
arxiv
\section{Nuclear Point-Group Symmetries: The Search of Tetrahedral Symmetry -- A Short Overview} \label{Sect.01} Analysing point-group symmetries of molecules has become one of the standard tools of molecular quantum mechanics. These symmetries often result from the relative positions of the constituent atoms (as e.g....
541,165,883,214
arxiv
\section{B-Meson Physics} \label {sec:bphys} The box-diagram contribution to the operator $(\overline{b}_L \gamma^\mu d_L)^2$ in the standard model is given by \cite{inami} \begin{equation} \frac{G_F^2}{16\pi^2}\left[(\xi^B_t)^2 m_t^2 + \xi^B_t \xi^B_c m_c^2 \ln \left(\frac{m_c}{m_t}\right)^2 + (\xi^B_c)^2 m_c^2 \righ...
541,165,883,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The source 1E 1024.0--5732 was discovered serendipitously with the {\em Einstein Observatory} by Goldwurm, Caraveo \& Bignami (1987) when they were searching for soft X-ray counterparts of the COS B galactic gamma-ray source 2CG 284-00. Caraveo, Bignami \& Goldwurm (1989) excluded the...
541,165,883,216
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The role of symmetries in nature has marked the progress of physics during the last centuries. The use of symmetries has proven to be a powerful tool like no other, underlying General Relativity (GR), leading to the discovery of anti-particles and the establishment of the quark model. With ...
541,165,883,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few months, we have learned that a theory containing gravity and defined on an open $(d + 1)$-manifold $X$ can, in some cases, be equivalent to a $d$-dimensional conformal field theory defined on the boundary $M$ of $X$ \cite{ads/cft1}, \cite{ads/cft2}, \cite{ads/cft3}. The manifol...
541,165,883,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pulsars are rapidly rotating magnetized neutron stars (NS). Their rotation frequency ($\nu$) decreases with time due to loss of rotational kinetic energy by radiation and particle wind. Other than the slow systematic spin down, pulsars occasionally spin up. The sudden spinning up of a pulsar is ...
541,165,883,219
arxiv
\section*{Auxiliary material} \subsection*{Signal distributions} \begin{figure}[!htbp] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{figures/sigjet_conf} \caption{Comparison of calibrated large-$R$ jet mass distributions for the MC $gg\to X \to Z \gamma \to q\bar{q}\gamma$ signal events, generated ...
541,165,883,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the theory of continuous media, such as fluid, gas or plasma there exist two kinds of description usually refereed as Lagrange and Euler.The first uses the trajectories of the particles which constitute the media, while in Euler description the role of dynamical variables is played by the vel...
541,165,883,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Experiments in Au+Au collisions at RHIC \cite{BRAHMSwhitepaper,PHOBOSwhitepaper,PHENIXwhitepaper,STARwhitepaper}, produced convincing evidences that in non-central Au+Au collisions, a hot, dense, strongly interacting, collective QCD matter is created. Whether the matter can be char...
541,165,883,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Based on the aggregate works of \cite{jai17} and \cite{sta19}, we have compiled tables of electron cyclotron resonance absorption (ECRA) features and the inferred surface dipolar magnetic fields in (extra)galactic high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sourc...
541,165,883,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spoken language understanding (SLU) aims at inferring semantic information from spoken utterances. It is typically posed as two subtasks: utterance-level intent classification, and sequence tagging for slot types and values. A standard SLU system comprises two components: an automatic speech r...
541,165,883,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Neural network language models have played a central role in recent natural language processing (NLP) advances. For example, neural encoder-decoder models, which were successfully applied to various natural language generation tasks including machine translation~\cite{Sutskever:...
541,165,883,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Super Resolution is a classical computer vision problem and it has been studied over decades. The aim of the problem is obtaining the high resolution image from either single or multiple low resolution images. In both settings the problem is ill-posed. Earlier in the literature the problem is ap...
541,165,883,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The emergence of smart mobile devices such as smart phones and wireless modems has led to an exponential increase in the demand for wireless data services. A recent and promising solution to meet this demand is massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which utilizes {{a very ...
541,165,883,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation}\label{section:introduction} With each U.S.\ Census arrives a burst of renewed interest in the associated political, legal, philosophical, and mathematical issues surrounding the subsequent apportionment of Representatives to the various states ``according to their respective numbe...
541,165,883,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inferring the treatment effect at an individual level in a population of interest lies at the heart of disciplines such as precision medicine or personalized advertisement, where decision making in terms of treatment administration is based on individual characteristics. The ever-increasing am...
541,165,883,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study the problem of learnability of boolean halfspace functions from membership queries \cite{A87,A88}. Boolean halfspace is a function $f=[w_1x_1+\cdots+w_nx_n\ge u]$ from $\{0,1\}^n$ to $\{0,1\}$ where the {\it weights} $w_1,\ldots,w_n$ and the {\it threshold} $u$ are integers. The func...
541,165,883,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play the important roles in astrophysics as a standard candle to measure cosmological distances as well as the production site of a large part of iron group elements. However, the nature of SN Ia progenitors has not been clarified yet \citep[e.g.,][]{hil00, nom97, nom0...
541,165,883,231
arxiv
\section{Related Work} \noindent \textbf{ML-based HLS performance prediction.} Pyramid~\cite{makrani2019pyramid} is one representative work that used ML models for resource and timing prediction, including linear regression, artificial neural network, support vector machine, random forest, and an ensemble model combin...
541,165,883,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We seek to develop a model of inelastic processes in the aging materials by employing a 4-D inner material metric tensor $G$ as the aging (damage) parameter of a material continuum. Aging here implies any variation in the chemical make-up, i.e., chemical degradation, phase transformation, phase ...
541,165,883,233
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} High-mass stars (OB spectral type, $M>8\,M_{\odot}$ and $L>10^3\,L_{\odot}$), although few in number, play a major role in the energy budget of galaxies, through their radiation, wind and the supernovae. They are believed to form by accretion in dense cores within molecular cloud c...
541,165,883,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A galaxy's redshift plays a dominant role in determining the rest-frame wavelength bands in which it is most easily observed. The rest-frame UV spectra of local galaxies can be observed with UV-sensitive instruments. The rest-frame UV spectra of galaxies at $z \sim 2-3$, on the other hand, must ...
541,165,883,235
arxiv
\chapter*{Abstract} \pagenumbering{roman} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abstract} \markboth{Abstract}{Abstract} In recent years entanglement has been recognised as a useful resource in quantum information and computation. This applies primarily to pure state entanglement which is, due to interaction with the environm...
541,165,883,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Today's high energy physics faces open questions such as the construction of a quantum theory of gravity, explaining baryogenesis, the rotation curves of galaxies, the expansion of the universe, or understanding the gauge hierarchy problem... These motivate investigations of many extensions...
541,165,883,237
arxiv
\section*{\large\refname \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}% \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \@openbib@code \usecounter{enumiv...
541,165,883,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} In cosmology, positions of galaxies are truly observed as redshifts and angles. If we want to determine the correlation properties of galaxies (or classes of galaxies) in a model-independent way, we must study the redshift-dependent angular power spectra, $C_\ell(z,z')$, or the a...
541,165,883,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Scattering amplitudes in gauge theories rapidly become difficult to compute as the number of external legs increases. The difficulty is encountered especially when seeking analytic expressions. However, recent advances involving on-shell techniques have enabled the discovery of many new formula...
541,165,883,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theoretical treatment of the longstanding problem of turbulent flows \cite{Monin,Frisch,Tsinober,FalkSreen} has to relate dynamical systems theory with non-equilibrium statistical physics \cite{CFG}. The central notion of physical turbulence theory is the concept of the energy cascade, high...
541,165,883,241
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Spontaneous emergence of coordination between people or animals, without external control, is a remarkable phenomenon that can be crucial for optimal functioning or even survival of the population \cite{king2009origins,conradt2009group,courchamp2002small}. In some circumstances individuals are ...
541,165,883,242
arxiv
\section{Discussion and Conclusions} \label{sec:conclusions} For service providers, QoE can be a much more complex issue than just obtaining a nice, MOS-like indicator of how quality looks like for their service(s). For many interesting applications, ranging from pricing to monitoring to resource optimization, it ...
541,165,883,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ultraviolet (UV) completion of effective models requires a number of mediator fields that are integrated out below the cut-off typically given by the mediator mass scale, to obtain the effective model. These mediators are typically Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) messenger fields \cite{Froggatt:1978nt...
541,165,883,244
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0} } \newcommand{\Aslash}{A \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\Dslash}{D \! \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\kslash}{k \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\pslash}{p \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\xslash}{x \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\partialslash}{\partial \! \! \! /} \newcommand{\half}{\mbox{\small{$\frac{1}{2}$}...
541,165,883,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One decade ago, observations from distant type Ia supernovae lead to a landmark conclusion: the universal expansion is speeding up and not slowing down as believed since the early days of observational cosmology \cite{riess98,perl99}. This phenomenon is normally interpreted as a dynamic influen...
541,165,883,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textbf{Explanations of recommendations are beneficial}. Modern recommender systems accurately capture users' preferences and achieve high performance. But, their performance comes at the cost of increased complexity, which makes them seem like black boxes to users. This may result in distrust or...
541,165,883,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of a semi-biproduct and to investigate it in the category of monoids. From a categorical point of view, a biproduct is simultaneously a product and a co-product (see \cite{MacLane}, p.194). Furthermore, when there is a coincidence between pro...
541,165,883,248
arxiv
\section{An alternative derivation for gate parameters, Eqs. (\ref{eq-y-real}) and (\ref{eq-y-imag})} \label{sec:Derivation2} Here we provide a derivation for Eqs. (\ref{eq-y-real}) and (\ref{eq-y-imag}) based on the approach taken in variational quantum algorithms such as in \cite{Motta2019DeterminingEvolution}. The...
541,165,883,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Despite over a century of research, the galaxy rotation curve anomaly \citep{opik1922estimate,babcock1939rotation,oort1940some,rubin1970rotation,rubin1978extended,rubin1980rotational,rubin1985rotation,rubin2000} is still an unexplained observation. Early evidence that the g...
541,165,883,250
arxiv
\section{Contact intensity} It has been proved by Tan \cite{tan1} that the momentum distribution $\rho_{\sigma}(k)$ in an arbitrary system consisting of fermions in two spin states ($\sigma=\uparrow,\downarrow$) with a large scattering length has a tail that falls off as \begin{equation} \rho_{\sigma}(k)\sim {C\o...
541,165,883,251
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the important issues concerning galaxies is the duration of their active galactic nuclei (AGN) phase and whether such periods of activity are episodic. In the currently widely accepted paradigm, activity is believed to be intimately related to the `feeding' of a supermassive black hole wh...
541,165,883,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many of the services a smart city can provide to its citizens rely on the ability of its infrastructure to collect and process in real time vast amounts of continuous data that sensors deployed through the city produce~\cite{perera2014}. In this scenario, building an infrastructure that scales a...
541,165,883,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Long-range correlations in rapidity have been studied for many years in $\mbox{e}^+\mbox{e}^-$, $\m+p$, $\nu\mbox{p}$, $\overline{\nu}\mbox{p}$, $\mbox{p}\mbox{p}$, $\mbox{p}\overline{\mbox{p}}$, $\p+p$, $\K+p$, and $\mbox{e}^+\mbox{p}$ collisions in forward-backward event hemispheres. Resul...
541,165,883,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The acceleration of the cosmic expansion and observational data (Supernov\ae $\,$ Type Ia, Cosmic Microwave Background, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations) are fit best by the current concordance model --- the $\Lambda$CDM model which incorporates Dark Energy, modelled by the cosmological constant $...
541,165,883,255
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} We prove a Corona type theorem with bounds for the Sarason algebra ${H^\infty+C}$ and determine its spectral characteristics, thus continuing a line of research initiated by N.~Nikolski. We also determine the Bass, the dense, and the topological stable ranks of $H^\infty+C$. To fix o...