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541,165,883,256 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathcal{E}$ be the set of isomorphism classes of elliptic curves over $\mathbb Q$. There are a number of invariants of elliptic curves we have yet to understand well (in particular, the rank of the rational points of an elliptic curve, or the size of its $n$-Selmer group). To discuss what ... |
541,165,883,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A reversible cellular automaton (RCA), and a number-conserving
cellular automaton (NCCA) are kinds of abstract spatiotemporal
models that reflect physical properties of reversibility, and
conservation (of mass, energy, etc.), respectively.
A reversible and number-conserving cellular automat... |
541,165,883,258 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:Intro}
We are concerned with the long\--time asymptotic behavior of solutions
to the Cauchy problem for the favorite {\it Fisher\--KPP equation\/}
(or {\it Fisher\--Kolmogorov equation\/}):
\begin{equation}
\label{e:FKPP}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}
- \fr... |
541,165,883,259 | arxiv | \subsection[Hopf group-coalgebras]{Hopf group-coalgebras}
\defH_{\a}}\def\Ham{H_{\a^{-1}}}\defH_{\a_1}}\def\Hat{H_{\a_2}}\def\Haone{H_{\a,1}}\def\Honeb{H_{1,\b}}\def\Hbo{H_{\b_1}}\def\Hbt{H_{\b_2}}\def\Hambm{H_{\a^{-1},\b^{-1}}{H_{\a_1}}\def\Hat{H_{\a_2}}\defH_{\a_1\a_2}}\def\HaoHat{H_{\a_1}\ot H_{\a_2}}\def\Dea{\De_{... |
541,165,883,260 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
When dealing with numerical simulations with a large range in length scales, it is often challenging to find the right balance between adequate resolution
to accurately represent the relevant parts of the physical system and computational expense.
Such a situation is typicall... |
541,165,883,261 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) hosting a neutron star (NS) occasionally undergoes outbursts with a series of thermonuclear (type-I) X-ray bursts accompanied.
A type-I X-ray burst is caused by unstable thermonuclear burning of the accreted matter (hydrogen/helium) on the
surface of a neutron sta... |
541,165,883,262 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Routing problems, e.g., Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) and Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), are a class of combinatorial optimization problems with numerous real-world applications. Although we solve them regularly in daily life, achieving satisfactory results is ... |
541,165,883,263 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Kogut-Susskind staggered formulation of lattice fermions~\cite{kogut_susskind_staggered} has so far been the most common choice in studies of lattice gauge theories in the Hamiltonian formulation. An alternative approach are Wilson fermions~\cite{wilson_fermions_original_work}, for which the... |
541,165,883,264 | arxiv | \section{Intoduction}
Let $ S_{g,b} $ be the surface with genus $ g $ and $ b $ boundary components (when $ b=0 $, we denote the surface by simply $ S_g $), and let $ 3g-3+b>1 $. The \textit{curve complex} of this surface, $ \mathcal{C}(S_{g,b}) $, is a simplicial complex whose vertices are isotopy classes of essenti... |
541,165,883,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The density matrix approach was introduced to describe statistical concepts in quantum mechanics by Landau~\cite{landau}, Dirac~\cite{dirac}, and von Neumann~\cite{vonneumann}. In several branches of physics like polarized spin assemblies or qudit systems, and cavity electrodynamics the density... |
541,165,883,266 | arxiv | \section{Dispersion of noninteracting excitons}
Bearing in mind remarks on pentacene structure from previous section,
we obtain Hamiltonian (\ref{spinham}), adapted to the
pentacene structure, in the Bloch approximation,
\begin{eqnarray}
H&=&H'_0-\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j}I^x_{j}
\sum_{\bm{n},\bm{\lambda}_{j}}B^{\dagger}_... |
541,165,883,267 | arxiv | \section{Brief review of Riemannian Geometry}
In this appendix we review some concepts concerning the Riemannian Geometry
that occurring in the main part of the manuscript. The reader is supposed to
be acquainted with very basic notions of differential geometry that we briefly
sketch here.
\subsection{The concept of ... |
541,165,883,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
QCD simplifies in the `t Hooft limit of a large number of colors,
yet differs from the physical case, $N=3$, by only $O(1/N)$
corrections~\cite{tHooft,Witten}.
As a result, it has been a long-standing goal to understand
the properties of QCD at large $N$. This goal has
become even... |
541,165,883,269 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we present new UV, visual and H$\alpha$ photometry obtained with
the WFPC2 camera on board the HST, of NGC 330, NGC 1818, NGC 2004 and NGC
2100, four young populous clusters in the Magellanic Clouds with main sequence
turnoff masses in the range of 9-12 M$_{\odot}$. A key feature ... |
541,165,883,270 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
\input{./tex/intro.tex}
\section{Related Work}\label{s:sota}
\input{./tex/sota.tex}
\section{Method}\label{s:method}
\input{./tex/method.tex}
\section{Experiments and Results}\label{s:results}
\input{./tex/results.tex}
\section{Conclusion}\label{s:conclusion}
\input{./tex/conc... |
541,165,883,271 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accretion of planetary material can potentially affect the photospheric composition of the host star. This can occur due to engulfment \citep{Israelianetal2001, Nagaretal2020} or transfer of mass by a planetary wind \citep{Jura2015} and has the potential to offer diagnostic power complementary t... |
541,165,883,272 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the classic dichotomy between model-based and data-based approaches to solving complex tasks, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) correspond to a particularly efficient tradeoff. CNNs capture key geometric prior information for spatial/temporal tasks through the notion of ... |
541,165,883,273 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Let $(Z_{i})_{i \in \mathbb{Z}}$ be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. A linear process with innovations $(Z_{i})$ is
a stochastic process of the form
$$ X_{i} = \sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty}\varphi_{j}Z_{i-j}, \qquad i \in \mathbb{Z},$$
where the constants $\varphi_{j}$ are ... |
541,165,883,274 | arxiv | \section{Supplement}
\subsection{Dressed-state picture of EIT cooling}
To understand the EIT cooling in the tripod structure, we start considering the Hamiltonian of a single ion interacting with the EIT lasers without spontaneous emission ($\hbar$~=~1),
\begin{gather}
H = \Delta_0\ket{0} \bra{0}+\Delta_1\ket{1} \br... |
541,165,883,275 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro} Neutron stars, with mass of $\sim M_\odot$ and
radius of $\sim 10$ km and thus supra-nuclear density, provide as
unique astro-laboratory for testing fundamental theories. Due to
their high mass to radius ratio, neutron stars with strong gravity
could radiate gravitational ... |
541,165,883,276 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the literature, there exist several theoretical models and methods to study the surface chemistry
that occurs on interstellar dust grains under different
astrophysical conditions. We mention here the following approaches: the conventional rate equation method
which can be implemented using... |
541,165,883,277 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
In the era of time-domain astronomy, we need to rethink the way that we handle observational data. The traditional procedure of taking data manually, visually inspecting every image, and spending significant a amount of time and effort to produce final reduced products does no... |
541,165,883,278 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase transition is a most remarkable property in black hole thermodynamics
which can relate a gravitational system to an accessible experimental
system. The pioneering work on black holes phase transition was done by
Hawking and Page who proved that a first-order phase transition occurs
b... |
541,165,883,279 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf
We study the decoherence process of a four spin-1/2 antiferromagnet that is coupled to an environment of spin-1/2 particles. The preferred basis of the antiferromagnet is discussed in two limiting cases and we identify two \emph{exact} pointer states. Decoherence near the two limits is examine... |
541,165,883,280 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modulation, envelope, or amplitude equations, such as the Ginzburg-Landau equation, the KdV equation, and the NLS equation, play an important role in the qualitative and quantitative description of spatially extended dissipative or conservative physical systems.
Mathematical theorems show tha... |
541,165,883,281 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\citet{Rivinius2020} recently presented a spectroscopic investgation
of the bright, early-type multiple system HR~6819 (HD~167128, QV~Tel).
Their analysis shows that the spectrum is dominated by three
spectral components: a narrow-lined B3~III star in a 40~d orbit, ... |
541,165,883,282 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{introduction}
Consider wave propagation in a periodic and non-dissipative medium. In such a medium, spatially localized defects or extended interfaces often give rise to {\it defect modes}, states in which energy can concentrate. These are described by time-harmonic solutions of the unde... |
541,165,883,283 | arxiv | \section*{appendix:}
A simple proof of the super-additive property of the classical information
entropy in Eq. (\ref{eq:entropy-def-guess}) is provided here.
$N_f$, $N_g$ and $k$ are taken to denote respectively the definite
integrals of the density distributions and the ratio between them, as,
\begin{equation}
\begin... |
541,165,883,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the not necessarily distant future, many or most significant
economic decisions may depend on algorithms that process
information arriving around the world as efficiently and
quickly as possible, given light speed signalling constraints.
Such algorithms will need to decide not only whether to... |
541,165,883,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G = (V,E)$ be a finite graph, $V = \{v_1,v_2,...,v_n\}$ the set of vertices, and $E = \{e_1,e_2,...,e_{m}\}$ the set of edges.
The Chromatic Symmetric Polynomial is a function of countably many commuting indeterminates, and is defined as:
\begin{equation}
X_G(x_1,x_2,...) = \su... |
541,165,883,286 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The development of methods to produce atomic and molecular samples with precisely controlled translational and internal degrees of freedom has received considerable attention in recent years, with particular emphasis on the generation of cold ($\mathrm{T} = \unit{1}{\milli\kelv... |
541,165,883,287 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of distant galaxies and quasars give us a direct view of
the past because of the finite speed of light. We can now discover
these objects at redshifts $z>6$, revealing the nature of the
universe during the first billion years.
Quasars are particularly useful because their high int... |
541,165,883,288 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Branes and algebras are related. Very generally, if a brane has some
other branes bound to it, then usually these states form a
representation of a ``brane algebra''. Probably the most well-known of
such setups is the Nakajima construction of the action of an affine
Lie a... |
541,165,883,289 | arxiv |
\section{Further numerical confirmations and limits of validity of the theory}
We comment evidence about the validity of our
theory and corresponding limitations,
based on Fig. 1 of the Main Text. For the Reader's convenience,
the same plots are reproduced in this Supplemental Material.
Besides the results presented... |
541,165,883,290 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The mechanisms and features of neural networks that enable efficient sensory coding is an important topic with many advances stemming from a combination of experiments and computational modeling.
In a population of neurons, understanding how sensory signals are encoded and transm... |
541,165,883,291 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past three decades, information theoretic methods have been applied to many different systems, from molecular biology to
quantum mechanical systems, and even to linguistics. Specifically speaking about quantum systems, these methods can reveal the presence
of interactions, correlations ... |
541,165,883,292 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since Langevin's early investigations \cite{langevin1908theory,lemons1997paul}, the motion of mesoscopic particles has been studied by equations basically of the Newtonian type, supplemented by random stochastic force terms. Through well-known and straightforward formalisms, these ``Langevin equ... |
541,165,883,293 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A key step towards developing novel applications for graphene and other two-dimensional materials \cite{Novoselov2005,Dean2010,Wang2012} is to obtain a detailed understanding of their electron transport properties on the nanoscale. \cite{CastroNeto2009}
At these length scales structural details p... |
541,165,883,294 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
Much has been written about the anticipated \emph{quantum advantage} that novel computing technologies might demonstrate~\cite{Becher22}.
Yet actual demonstrations of a quantum system outperforming all existing classical alternatives are still very scarce and are typically based... |
541,165,883,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section1}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{emote} sensing scene classification (RSSC) is an important research problem on the remote sensing applications, such as disaster detection \cite{amit2017disaster}, urban planning \cite{pham2011case}, land use \cite{joshi2016review}, etc. It aims to recognize a re... |
541,165,883,296 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the analysis of many physical or geometric PDEs, one often applies the standard blow-up procedure to understand the local structures of potential singularities. Such a procedure for parabolic PDEs naturally produces limit solutions with certain \textit{a priori} estimates, which exist on the h... |
541,165,883,297 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Soon after Veneziano's proposal for the $\pi\pi\pi\omega$ scattering amplitude~\cite{Veneziano:1968yb},
a model for $\pi \pi$ scattering was proposed by Lovelace~\cite{LOVELACE} and Shapiro~\cite{SHAPIRO}~\footnote{See also Ref. \cite{FRAMPTON}.}.
According to this model the th... |
541,165,883,298 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SecIntro}
Many problems in neuroscience, biology, social or computer science are phrased in terms of networks and graphs.
The embedding of data points forming undirected graphs can be performed using manifold learning methods, among which are the so-called Laplacian Eigenmaps~\cite{Belkin... |
541,165,883,299 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We have seen increasing reliance on services provided over the Internet.
These services are expected to be continuously available over extended
period of time (typically 24x7 and all year long). Unfortunately,
the vulnerabilities due to insufficient design and poor implementation
are often ex... |
541,165,883,300 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, a considerable literature has emerged around the theme of liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPT) in pure systems. The origin of this concept can be traced back to the two-local-states model, which was proposed in the 1960s to explain the anomalous behavior of water\cite{Rapoport67}. Lat... |
541,165,883,301 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many extensions of the Standard Model contain additional U(1) gauge factors as
part of a hidden sector. These may arise, for instance, directly from some
string compactification, or from a non-abelian gauge factor spontaneously broken
to U(1). For a single extra U(1), the most general low-energy... |
541,165,883,302 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) \cite{rajpurkar-etal-2016-squad} has sparked considerable interest within the research community. Ensuing model architectures as well as resources in the form of datasets and challenges have led to remarkable progress in the field of Machine Compre... |
541,165,883,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exploration of metals in the low redshift ($z<0.5$) intergalactic
medium (IGM) has taken a large leap forward with the advent of
high-resolution space-based ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy with the
{\it Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph} (STIS) and {\it Far
Ultraviolet Spectroscop... |
541,165,883,304 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
\vspace{-.1in}
Recent evolution in deep learning architectures coupled with advancements in rehabilitation technologies has resulted in a promising future to develop intuitive myoelectric prostheses. The surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals~\cite{Dario:SPM, Dario:sEMG, Dario2} de... |
541,165,883,305 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are important probes of dark
matter. They are among the highest mass-to-light systems known, and
the dynamics of their sparse stellar populations is governed by the
dominant dark matter distribution. In addition, no emission has been
detected fr... |
541,165,883,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We are interested in the numerical solution of the $M^{\text{th}}$-order quasilinear partial differential equation (PDE)
\begin{equation}
q_t = c \, q_{Mx} + F\left(q,q_x,\ldots,q_{(M-1)x} \right),\quad c \in \mathbb{C} \, \text{\textbackslash} \, \{ 0 \},
\label{ibvp_eq}
\end{equation}
... |
541,165,883,307 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Additive Manufacturing}
Technological advancements usually increase the stringency and sophistication of the required specifications of a fabricated structure \citep{anand}. A fundamental engineering advancement that completely changed the targets set by manufacturer... |
541,165,883,308 | arxiv | \section{The hard scattering picture}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\vspace*{-0.5cm}
There is general agreement that perturbative QCD in the framework of the
hard-scattering picture (HSP) \cite{lep:80} is the
correct description of form factors and perhaps other exclusive reactions
at asymptotically large momentum transfer.... |
541,165,883,309 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{amsmath, graphics, setspace}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\def\sxn#1{\sect{#1}}
\def\subsxn#1{\subsect{#1}}
\def\subsubsxn#1{\subsubsect{#1}}
\font\mybb=msbm10 at 12pt
\def\bb#1{\hbox{\mybb#1}}
\def\bb{K} {\bb{K}}
\def\bb{S} {\bb{S}}
\de... |
541,165,883,310 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the 2D Euler equations on the torus $\mathbb{T}^{2}=\mathbb{R
^{2}/\mathbb{Z}^{2}$, formulated in terms of the vorticity $\omega
\begin{equation}
\partial_{t}\omega+u\cdot\nabla\omega=0 \label{Euler
\end{equation}
where $u$ is the velocity, divergence free vector field such that
... |
541,165,883,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the major goals of computational chemistry is the development of methods and algorithms for the calculation of the molecular electronic ground and excited state energies and corresponding wave functions from first-principles. Such eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be obtained from the sol... |
541,165,883,312 | arxiv | \section{Numerical Stabilization}
We already mentioned that the following optimization problem
\begin{align*}
\argmax_{p, \tilde{\mu}} \quad & \int_{C, \Theta} R(\cvec{\theta},\cvec{c}) p\left(\cvec{\theta}, \cvec{c}\right) \text{d}\cvec{c} \text{d}\cvec{\theta} - \alpha \text{D}_{\text{KL}}\left(\tilde{\mu} || \mu \r... |
541,165,883,313 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec.Introduction}
Random linear coding (RLC)~\cite{Ho2006}, which encompasses fountain coding and network coding, is a forward error correction scheme that has the potential to increase throughput and improve resilience to network attacks. It was originally developed for layers higher tha... |
541,165,883,314 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
I will illustrate the status of the understanding of the
chrono-geometrical structure of special and general relativity
from the Hamiltonian point of view. Then I will speak about
Einstein's Hole Argument and of our understanding of the
objectivity of space-time point-events. Finally I will pres... |
541,165,883,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last few decades we have witnessed a paradigmatic shift
regarding the role of fluctuations, from the equilibrium picture of
merely being a $N^{-1/2}$ perturbation on thermodynamic averages---or
triggering at most phase transitions between well defined minima of
the free energy \cite{Pa}---... |
541,165,883,316 | arxiv | \chapter{}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Data traffic in wireless networks has been increasing exponentially for a long time and is expected to continue this trend. The emerging data-hungry applications, such as video-on-demand and cloud computing, as well as the exploding number of smart user devic... |
541,165,883,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Heath-Jarrow-Morton equation (HJM-equation) of interest rate theory (\cite{HeathJarrowMorton1992}; see \cite{Filipovic2001,CarmonaTehranchi2006,Filipovic2009} for expositions) is a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) on the state space of forward rate curves, which is flexible e... |
541,165,883,318 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is an extremely successful theory to explain observable phenomena
at the microscopic level. Despite huge successful predictions of SM, there are some unsolved issues which cannot be
explained by SM. The existence of dark matter (DM), revealed from vario... |
541,165,883,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transport properties in disordered media are important in a wide
range of applications from biophysics to geosciences.
Intriguing behavior arises from `fast' species moving through a dense
host system, such as power-law-like dynamical conductivities of
ion-conducting melts \cite{Jonscher.1977}.
... |
541,165,883,320 | arxiv | \section{$\eta'$ Lore}
One of the more curious inhabitants of the low energy
spectrum of QCD is the $\eta'$ meson. Deriving part
of its mass from its kinship with the Goldstone boson
pseudoscalars, the $\eta'$ owes most of its anomalous weight
to its connection to the topological susceptibility.
Specifically, in an $... |
541,165,883,321 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
Excitonic complexes consisting of bound states of small numbers of
electrons and holes have been observed under many different conditions
in semiconductors. In the dilute limit, excitons collectively behave
as a gas of weakly interacting neutral bosons. It was first predicted
i... |
541,165,883,322 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Detection of previously-unknown transient sources is at the base of many fields of astronomy.
Examples include: the searches for supernovae, microlensing events and light echos.
To remove a constant complex background, it is useful to perform digital image subtraction,
a p... |
541,165,883,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Part I of this review, we presented the main foundational ideas of frequentist
statistics, with a focus on their applications in linguistics and
related areas in cognitive science. Our main goal there was to try to clarify the underlying
ideas in frequentist methodology. We discussed the
me... |
541,165,883,324 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
\subsection{Bogoliubov equations}
When the condensate resides in the $\alpha=0$ state, the GPE (equation (2) from the main text) simplifies to $i \hbar \partial_t \phi_0 = \bigg[ -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2 + V + c_0 |\phi_{0}|^2\bigg]\phi_{0}$
and the Bogoliubov equations read
\begin{subequations... |
541,165,883,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The class of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (NPDEs) of integrable type is important in mathematics as in several applicative areas of physics, biology and engineering \cite{AC} \cite{Ablowitz2004}, \cite{AS}, \cite{FT}, \cite{NMPZ} .
For this special class of NPDEs, the nonlinear S... |
541,165,883,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most interesting results coming from RHIC heavy ion program is
the observation that hot QCD matter created in Au-Au collisions behaves like
an almost ideal fluid \cite{Adcox:2004mh,Adams:2005dq,Arsene:2004fa,Gyulassy:2004zy}.
Relativistic hydrodynamics has been a successf... |
541,165,883,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In multiple antenna broadcast (downlink) channels, capacity can
be tremendously increased by adding antennas
at only the access point (transmitter)
\cite{Caire_Shamai}\cite{Jindal_Goldsmith_DPC}.
However, the transmitter must
have accurate channel state information (CSI) in order to
realize the... |
541,165,883,328 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Record linkage is a widely--used technique for identifying records that refer to the same individual across different datafiles. This task is not trivial when unique identifiers are not available, and many
authors have proposed probabilistic methods to deal with
this problem building upon the se... |
541,165,883,329 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
This year we mark the fiftieth anniversary of the discovery of parity violation (PV) in the $\beta$-decay of polarized $^{60}$Co\cite{Wu:1957my} and the decay of polarized muons\cite{Garwin:1957hc}, confirming the prediction of Lee and Yang\cite{Lee:1956qn}. The subsequent history o... |
541,165,883,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Partial actions of groups were first proposed by R. Exel and other authors in the context of $C^{*}$-algebras, see for example, [13], and afterwards they appeared in a pure algebraic setting, see \cite{DE}. A different way of looking at partial actions, appeared earlier in the work of Green an... |
541,165,883,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of uniformitarianism, or gradualism, was formulated in the
last century by the geophysicist Charles Lyell (1830) in his tome,
{\it Principles of Geology}. According to this theory,
all change is caused by processes that we
currently observe which have worked at the same rate at all t... |
541,165,883,332 | arxiv | \subsection{Effect of Numerical Algorithm}
The outcome of a numerical simulation is not solely determined by the
grid resolution; the numerical algorithm itself can be very significant.
Algorithmic effects are particularly important for under-
or marginally-resolved simulations. The optimal
choice of algorithm may no... |
541,165,883,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a field with $q$ elements. How many irreducible polynomials of degree $d$ are there in $\mathbb{F}_q[x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n]$? Let $M_{d,n}(q)$ denote the number of irreducible polynomials in $\mathbb{F}_q[x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n]$ of total degree $d$ w... |
541,165,883,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Overview}
In this paper we study bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves on singular surfaces with rational singularities
over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$ of characteristic zero.
We are primarily interested in rational surfaces $X$ but for most of the arguments it i... |
541,165,883,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this research is to address time-varying parameter estimation in deterministic dynamical systems when there is no known (or available) model governing the evolution of the unknown parameter(s). In particular, we assume an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of the form
\begin... |
541,165,883,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is growing evidence for a two-phase formation scenario for massive galaxies (e.g. \citealt{oser2010}). During the first phase, the cores of present-day massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) are formed dissipatively at z\,$>$\,2, while in the second phase the outer regions are the result of m... |
541,165,883,337 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Machine learning has received considerable attention over the past years due to its significant role for data analytics \cite{jordan2015machine}.
Under big data setting with decentralized information structure, advanced machine learning algorithms with robust and parallel implementations are ne... |
541,165,883,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec1}
The interest to Landau-Zener (LZ) model\cite{lan, zen, stu, Majorana} is constantly increasing
over the last decades as it establishes one of the most important fundamental notions in non-stationary quantum
mechanics. The original LZ model describes the probability of transition betw... |
541,165,883,339 | arxiv | \section{Non-Convex Stochastic Optimization}
The rise of deep learning has focused research attention on the problem of solving optimization problems that are \emph{high-dimensional}, \emph{large-scale}, and \emph{non-convex}. Modern neural networks can have billions of parameters (high-dimensional) \citep{Raffel2019Ex... |
541,165,883,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Designing a system capable of encoding discriminant features for video-based emotion recognition is challenging because the appearance of faces may vary considerably according to the specific subject, capture conditions (pose, illumination, blur), and sensors. It is difficult to encode common an... |
541,165,883,341 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a graph $G$, an identifying code $\mathcal{C}$ is a dominating set
such that for any two vertices, their neighbourhoods within $\mathcal{C}$ are
nonempty and distinct. This property can be used to distinguish all
vertices of the graph from each other. Identifying codes have
found applicat... |
541,165,883,342 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Design study has commenced of high luminosity $e^+e^-$ collider TLEP for precise measurements of the Higgs boson properties and other experiments at the electroweak scale at CERN. TLEP will be capable to collide beams in wide center-of-mass energy range from 90 to 350 GeV (with an option up to 50... |
541,165,883,343 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
The author acknowledges the Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, where part of the work was completed, for their hospitality. The author is also grateful for helpful correspondence with Steve Carlip and Stanley Deser. In particular, the author thanks the anonymous referee for useful commen... |
541,165,883,344 | arxiv | \section{Why smart villages are needed?}
Approximately 60 Million people and 97\% of the landmass in the US is classified as rural \cite{USPopulation}. The three most populated countries China, India, and Indonesia have a considerable amount of population are living in villages. Some countries, e.g., Nepal, Cambodia,... |
541,165,883,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\medskip
During the early stages of the cell cycle the mammalian genome is organized in chromosome territories \cite{Cremer82,Rabl} (for a review see \cite{Cremer10}). When DNA damaging agents, such as radiation,
cross the cell nucleus they introduce double strand breaks that produce chromosome... |
541,165,883,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: the successes of inflation}
Since the proposal of the inflationary model some 25 years ago
\cite{Guth1, Linde1, Albrecht-Steinhardt1, Starobinsky1},
inflation has been remarkably successful in explaining many
important qualitative and quantitative properties of the
universe. In this article I ... |
541,165,883,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The constitutive laws of friction appear to be very simple at the macroscopic scale, indeed they
were already formulated by Leonardo da Vinci, and later introduced in the context of
classical mechanics with the so called Amonton's-Coulomb (AC) law: the friction force is
proportional to the a... |
541,165,883,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The \textit{lotus effect} has recently entered the scientific jargon to refer to superhydrophobicity. One of the necessary ingredients for a surface to be superhydrophobic is the presence of nano- and micro-scale features.
Patterned surfaces have shown drag-reducing abilities in both laminar \... |
541,165,883,349 | arxiv | \section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\renewcommand{\Re}{{\mbox{Re }}}
\renewcommand{\Im}{{\mbox{Im }}}
\newcommand{\sinh}{\sinh}
\newcommand{\cosh}{\cosh}
\newcommand{\begin{figure}}{\begin{figure}}
\newcommand{\end{figure}}{\end{figure}}
\newcommand{I_\mt... |
541,165,883,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Intense tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most devastating of natural phenomena, and considerable effort is spent in estimating the risk of TC landfall. Landfall risk assessments are used by the insurance industry for setting rates and by governments for establishing building regulations an... |
541,165,883,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Statistical parametric methods are frequently used in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, with two main machine learning techniques: hidden Markov-models (HMM, \cite{Zen2007}) and deep neural networks (DNN, \cite{Zen2013}). Recently, the focus of TTS research has moved to end-to-end solutions, apply... |
541,165,883,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the star formation history (SFH) and star formation rate (SFR) in galaxies provide vital information on the evolutionary properties of galaxies and the physical processes which drive that evolution.
The variation in star formation (SF) activity across galaxies of different types is ... |
541,165,883,353 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
We introduce, in continuous time, an axiomatic approach to assign to
any financial position a
dynamic ask (resp. bid) price process. Taking into account both transaction costs and liquidity risk this leads to the convexity (resp. concavity) of the ask (resp. bid) price. Time consistency is a cruc... |
541,165,883,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Modern health care is increasingly pushing towards personalized approaches for an improved therapeutic outcome over standard interventions, see~\cite{corral2020digital}.
Precision cardiology aims at individualizing computational models of the heart from patient-specific data---... |
541,165,883,355 | arxiv | \subsubsection{Introduction}
The canonical commutation relation $[\hat x, \hat p]= i \hbar$ determines a primary noise property on quantum states, and it is highly fascinating if one can characterize the penalty on controlling or measuring a pair of canonical variables in a unified manner \cite{Busch14,AG88,Cle10}.... |
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