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1,941,325,220,788
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Omega$ be a domain in $\mathbb R^n$, and consider the one-phase free boundary problem ($u\ge 0$) \begin{equation}\label{fbintro} \left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \Delta u =0, & \hbox{in $\Omega^+(u):= \{x \in \Omega : u(x)>0\}$,} \\ |\nabla u| =1, & \hbox{on $F(u):= \partial \Omega \ca...
1,941,325,220,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modified gravity (see for recent reviews \cite{Nojiri:2010wj} -\cite{Bamba:2014eea}) is the most popular way to adderess the recently observational data in favor of an accelerating expanding Universe \cite{obs1}-\cite{obs3} . It is believed that it is able to realize the acceleration expansion of...
1,941,325,220,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Estimation of the parameters of stellar models is a challenging task. The increasing precision achieved in the determination of atmospheric parameters, coupled to the fast growing amount of available seismic and interferometric data, has allowed to improve the constraints on stellar models. ...
1,941,325,220,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} \begin{figure}[h!]\begin{center} \includegraphics[scale=0.755]{fig1a.eps} \includegraphics[scale=0.411]{fig1b.eps} \caption{ Images of the group SL2S\,J02140-0535 at $z_{\rm spec}=0.44$. \emph{Left:} composite HST/ACS F814, F606, F475 color image ($22\arcsec \times 22\arcsec$...
1,941,325,220,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transparent conducting materials (TCMs) are necessary in many applications ranging from solar cells to transparent electronics. So far, \emph{n}-type oxides (e.g., \ce{In2O3}, \ce{SnO2} and \ce{ZnO}) are the highest performing TCMs, allowing them to be used in commercial devices~\cite{H.Ohta-MatT...
1,941,325,220,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A defect---or interface---in conformal field theory is generally defined as a non-contractible line separating two a priori different conformal field theories (CFTs), with matching conditions between the two sides of the line. Various situations can be encountered in this general context. We w...
1,941,325,220,794
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \raggedbottom Like most diagnostic imaging exams, chest radiography produces a few very common findings, followed by many relatively rare findings \cite{Paul2021Zeroshot,Zhou2021Review}. Such a ``long-tailed" (LT) distribution of outcomes can make it challenging to learn discriminative image fea...
1,941,325,220,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Survival outcomes are common end-points of interest in confirmatory trials to demonstrate treatment effect in oncology. In the presence of non-proportional hazards (NPH), which has been increasingly encountered in practice, the detection power of the commonly used log-rank test is...
1,941,325,220,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generalized anyonic statistics, which interpolate continously between bosons and fermions, are considered one of the most remarkable breakthrough of modern physics. In fact, while in three dimensions particles can be only bosons or fermions, in lower dimensionality they can experience exchang...
1,941,325,220,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \noindent The identification of the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is still an open issue, and in fact a tricky business. The excellent information from the two large experiments, the Pierre Auger Observatory in the South, and the Telescope Array in the North, on spec...
1,941,325,220,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Gamma \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a smooth nonintersecting open arc, and we assume that $\Gamma$ can be extended to an arbitrary smooth, simply connected, closed curve $\partial \Omega$ enclosing a bounded domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$. Let $k>0$ be the wave number, and let $\theta \in \m...
1,941,325,220,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The gravitational field equations in general relativity, GR, and modified gravity theories, MGT, are very sophisticate systems of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Advanced analytic and numerical methods are necessary for constructing exact and approximate solutions of such ...
1,941,325,220,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} A process consists of a series of interrelated tasks. Its graphical description is called \textbf{process model} \cite{processMining}. Over the past decade, a specific kind of process model - scientific workflow - has been established as a valuable means for scientists to...
1,941,325,220,801
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} After the firm discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe from observations of distant--type Ia SNs \cite{1998AJ....116.1009R,1999ApJ...517..565P}, dark energy, which is responsible for the cosmic acceleration, has been one of the biggest mysteries in cosmology. In ...
1,941,325,220,802
arxiv
\section{Definition and construction of the Nicolai map} \noindent The key idea is best illustrated by an example. Let us look at the Wess--Zumino model in $3{+}1$ dimensional Minkowski space, consisting of a complex scalar~$\phi$, a Weyl fermion~$\psi$ and a complex auxiliary~$F$, characterized by a superpotential~...
1,941,325,220,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the approaches to the problem of understanding quantum entanglement is to look for functions on the state space which are invariant under the action of the local unitary (LU) group and enable us to distinguish between different types of states. For a multipartite quantum system with disti...
1,941,325,220,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent years there has been much interest in various loop models. Loop models are graphical models defined by drawing closed loops along the bonds of the underlying lattice. The loops may come in $n$ different flavours (colours). No two loops can share a bond, while sharing a vertex is g...
1,941,325,220,805
arxiv
\section{Introduction} CLIO (Cryogenic Laser Interferometer Observatory)~\cite{Ohashi2003,Miyoki2004,Miyoki2006,Ohashi2008}, is a prototype for the next Japanese gravitational wave (GW) telescope project, LCGT (Large Scale Cryogenic Gravitational-Wave Telescope)~\cite{LCGT2006}, featuring the use of cryogenic mirror...
1,941,325,220,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Following the discovery of the (Brout-Englert-)Higgs boson~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012xdj,Aad:2012tfa}, a central aim of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is to search for new particles beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Such particles could show up in any one or more of the processes...
1,941,325,220,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We have, at present, strong evidence for Dark Energy (DE) from the large amount of available cosmological data \citep[e.g.,][]{Ade:2015xua}. Nonetheless, this evidence is mostly based on precise constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) epoch extrapolated to the ...
1,941,325,220,808
arxiv
\section{The Complexity of SPR} In this section, we study the computational complexity of the problems defined below. \noindent\begin{definition}[Computational problems]~ \begin{itemize} \item \textsc{SPR/FA}: Given an SPR instance and a matching $Y$, does an allocation $\mu$ exist such that $(Y,\mu)$ is a feasible m...
1,941,325,220,809
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} \label{sec:intro} The tidal interaction between neutron stars in a close binary system has recently been the subject of intense investigation, following the observation \cite{flanagan-hinderer:08} that the tidal deformation of each body could have a measurable impact on the emitted...
1,941,325,220,810
arxiv
\subsection*{Introduction}\label{intro} Two-dimensional quantum gravity is not much of a gravity theory in the sense that there are no propagating gravitons. It has nevertheless been a fertile playground when it comes to testing various aspects of diffeomorphism-invariant theories, and it is potentially important for ...
1,941,325,220,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We provide in this paper a new and detailed geometric proof of the removal of boundary singularities of pseudo-holomorphic curves. More precisely, we shall prove the following Theorems \ref{theorem_A} and \ref{theorem_B} due to Gromov \cite{gromov} by using a doubling argument. The idea of using ...
1,941,325,220,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stochastic linear models are instruments of paramount importance for describing physical, social or economic systems: despite being simple enough to be analytically tractable, they allow to accurately describe a large number of qualititatively different systems. In this work, our focus will be th...
1,941,325,220,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we address in a distributed way stochastic big-data convex optimization problems involving \emph{strongly convex} (possibly nonsmooth) local objective functions, by means of the Distributed Block Proximal Method~\cite{farina2019randomized,farina2019subgradient}. Problems with this...
1,941,325,220,814
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} A \emph{finite category} over a fixed field $k$, that we will assume to be algebraically closed throughout, is an Abelian category enriched over finite-dimensional $k$-vector spaces which has enough projective objects and finitely many isomorphism classes of simple objects; moreover,...
1,941,325,220,815
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We propose a design for two-hop decode-and-forward relaying in cellular networks, primarily for throughput improvement in the low and median throughput regime, on both the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL) paths. The Backhaul between the base station and relaying mobile device...
1,941,325,220,816
arxiv
\section{introduction} It is widely accepted that, under ordinary circumstances, the standard Ohm's law, \begin{eqnarray} \vec{J}=\sigma\vec{E}, \label{1} \end{eqnarray} which relates the electric field $\vec{E}$ to the current density $\vec{J}$ flowing in a linear, isotropic and homogenous medium with electric conduct...
1,941,325,220,817
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the classical supervised learning from $n$ i.i.d. samples $\{(y_i,{\boldsymbol z}_i)\}_{i\le n}$ where ${\boldsymbol z}_i\in {\mathbb R}^{d}$ are covariate vectors and $y_i\in{\mathbb R}$ are labels. A large number of popular techniques fit the following general scheme: \begin{enumera...
1,941,325,220,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section intro Introduction} TORCH (Time Of internally Reflected CHerenkov light) is a novel detector\,\cite{Charles_2011_TORCH, Gys_2016_RICH_proceedings}, under development to provide time-of-flight (ToF) over a large-area, up to around 30\,m$^2$. The detector provides charged-particle i...
1,941,325,220,819
arxiv
\section{Entropy production of harmonically coupled drift-diffusion particles on a circle: Harmonic trawlers}\seclabel{HarmonicTrawlers} \paragraph*{Abstract} In this section we consider the entropy production of two harmonically coupled distinguishable drift-diffusion particles on the circle of circumference $L$,...
1,941,325,220,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Oscillations and instabilities of neutron stars were always considered among the promising sources for gravitational waves. The systematic study of non-axisymmetric neutron star oscillations began in the 1960s with the pioneering works of Thorne and collaborators (cf. \cite{1967ApJ...149..591T, ...
1,941,325,220,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:INTRO} Our main goal in this paper is to develop flexible techniques that advance the theory of shock formation in initially regular solutions to quasilinear hyperbolic PDE systems featuring \emph{multiple speeds} of propagation. Our techniques apply in \emph{more than one spatial dime...
1,941,325,220,822
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Shatashvili-Vafa $G_{2}$ algebra \cite{Shatashvili-Vafa95} is a superconformal vertex algebra with six generators $\{L,G,\Phi,K,X,M\}$. It is an extension of the $N=1$ superconformal algebra of central charge $c=21/2$ (formed by the super-partners $\{L,G\}$) by two fields $\Phi$ and $K$, ...
1,941,325,220,823
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and perspective} \label{conc_sec} Based on a functional LLN and a functional CLT for the rank invariant, the present work is the first step towards putting multi-parameter persistence on a sound statistical basis. However, in order to cover the variety of contexts where multi-parameter persistence...
1,941,325,220,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} A classical approaches to special functions developed in the $19^{th}$ century was to classify them from the point of view of solutions to (second) order differential equations with analytic coefficients \begin{equation} \label{ode-1} a(z) \frac{d^{2}u}{dz^{2}} + b(z) \frac{...
1,941,325,220,825
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Kirby's problem 4.5 \cite{kirbylist}, Casson asks which rational homology $3$-spheres bound rational homology $4$-balls. While rational homology $3$-spheres abound in nature, including the $r$-surgery $S^3_r(K)$ on a knot $K$ for any $r \in \mathbb{Q} - \{ 0 \}$, very few of them actually bou...
1,941,325,220,826
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted increasing research attention because of their wide application in engineering systems including smart grids, biomedical health monitoring, target tracking and surveillance \citep{article:Sayed2013,article:Yick2008}. Distributed obse...
1,941,325,220,827
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In pure non-Abelian gauge theories there is a linear confinement potential between a static source anti-source pair in the fundamental representation of the gauge group at large distances. The static potential can be efficiently computed by means of Wilson loops. C. Michael \cite{adjpot:su2micha...
1,941,325,220,828
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} This paper is devoted to the stability analysis of spatially interconnected systems (SISs) via the sum-of-squares (SOS) decomposition of positive trigonometric polynomials. For each spatial direction of SISs, three types of interconnected structures are considered. Inspired by the idea of rational p...
1,941,325,220,829
arxiv
\section{Introduction} First order ODEs can always be linearized \cite{fm1} by point transformations \cite{l1}. Lie \cite{l2} showed that all linearizable second order ODEs must be cubically semi-linear, i.e. \begin{eqnarray} y''+ a_1(x,y)y'^3 - a_2(x,y)y'^2 + a_3(x,y)y' - a_4(x,y)=0~,\label{secondlform} \end{e...
1,941,325,220,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The Milky Way is one of the 72\% of massive\footnote{By massive galaxies, we arbitrarily consider those with stellar masses larger than $10^{10}M_{\odot}$, the Milky Way being five times more massive than this value.} galaxies that are disk dominated. How large disks formed in massi...
1,941,325,220,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Rapid advancement of deep learning has attracted significant attention of researchers to explore how to use deep learning to solve scientific and engineering problems. Since numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) sits at the heart of many scientific areas, ...
1,941,325,220,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main advantage of zeroth-order (derivative-free) optimization methods \cite{rosenbrock1960automatic,fabian1967stochastic,brent1973algorithms,spall2003introduction,conn2009introduction,larson2019derivative-free} is that computing function value is, in general, simpler than computing its gradie...
1,941,325,220,833
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The gravitational field of an astrophysical object can deviate the light path of a background source star and the result is the formation of two images at either side of the lens \cite{Einstein36}. In the Galactic scale, the angular separation of the images is of the order of milli arc second, to...
1,941,325,220,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Predicting the binding mode of small molecules in a protein pocket is one of the main challenges in the field of computational chemistry. Accurate predictions can substantially reduce the costs of drug development and speed up the process\cite{Pinzi2019}. Several software solutions exist that add...
1,941,325,220,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:Intro} \noindent At the end of his \(1975\) article on class numbers of pure quintic fields, Parry suggested verbatim \lq\lq In conclusion the author would like to say that he believes a numerical study of pure quintic fields would be most interesting\rq\rq\ \cite[p. 484]{Pa}. Of course,...
1,941,325,220,836
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main result}\label{S:intro} In many practical applications it is of interest to find or approximate the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of elliptic problems. Finite element approximations for these problems have been widely used and analyzed under a general framework. Optimal a priori error es...
1,941,325,220,837
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Vanadium oxides compounds exhibiting exotic transport phenomena are subjects of extensive interest. In particular vanadium dioxide, VO$_2$, undergoes a first-order transition from a high-temperature metallic phase to a low-temperature insulating phase at almost the room temperature ($T=340\,$K)...
1,941,325,220,838
arxiv
\section{Preface} Nucleons are known to carry intensive pion clouds \cite{tony}, which can be employed to study the pion properties. In particular, leading neutron production was measured in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) at HERA \cite{zeus,h1} aiming at extraction from data the pion structure function at small Bjork...
1,941,325,220,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The double perovskites are a fascinating playground of different properties such as half-metallicity \cite{Retuerto,Philipp}, high temperature ferrimagnetism \cite{Feng,Krockenberger}, ferroelectricity \cite{Fukushima,Kumar,Retuerto1} and a rich variety of magnetic interactions \cite{Ou,Morrow1...
1,941,325,220,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A professional hierarchy is a field in which an employee enters at a designated low level and gradually moves up the ranks. For instance, large businesses have interns through CEOs, hospitals have residents through head physicians, and academic institutions have undergraduates through full profes...
1,941,325,220,841
arxiv
\section{introduction} As is well known, the rare radiative decays of $B$ mesons is in particular sensitive to contributions from those new physics beyond the standard model(SM). Both inclusive and exclusive processes, such as the decays $B_s \to X\gamma$, $B_s \to \gamma\gamma$ and $B \to X_s\gamma$ have been receive...
1,941,325,220,842
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The anomalous magnetic moment $g\!-\!2$\ of the electron is one of the most vigorously studied physical quantities at present, which provides a very stringent test of the validity of quantum electrodynamics (QED). To match the precision of the latest measurement of electron...
1,941,325,220,843
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An interconnection topology can be represented by a graph $G=(V,E)$, where $V$ denotes the processors and $E$ the communication links. The \emph{distance} $d_G(u,v)$ between two vertices $u,v$ of a graph $G$ is the length of a shortest path connecting $u$ and $v$. An \emph{isometric} subgrap...
1,941,325,220,844
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Robots would be much more useful if they had the capability to move obstacles out of the way. Such robots can be deployed in search and rescue scenarios, where they reach to places unreachable by humans and assist in the removal of rubble from disaster areas. In an attempt towards this vision, w...
1,941,325,220,845
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section} Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a fundamental tool for data analysis and exploration. Many variants of the basic HMM have been developed in response to shortcomings in the original HMM formulation \cite{Rabiner89}. In this paper we address inference in the explicit state durati...
1,941,325,220,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a long (but sparse) debate in the community of atmospheric physics and meteorology about the prediction horizon of weather forecasts. As it was prominently pointed out by Lorenz (1963)\cite{Lorenz1963}, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere when seen as a dynamical system has the consequ...
1,941,325,220,847
arxiv
\section{\label{Sec:Intro}Introduction} Liquid crystalline gels\cite{2003LCEWarner.M;Terentjev.E} refer to special soft materials that incorporate the symmetry properties of liquid crystalline\cite{1993PhysLC_Gennes.P;Prost.J} phases into the crosslinked polymeric backbones, thus the translational response of crossli...
1,941,325,220,848
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of black holes from astrophysical point of view and by astronomers has blossomed in the last decade because of the dramatic increase in the number of black hole candidates from the sole candidate (Cygnus X-1) some 25 years ago. This in turn requires a deeper familiarity with black...
1,941,325,220,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Controlling the interaction of photons and electrons at the sub-wavelength electromagnetic regime has led to a wide variety of novel optical materials and applications in the territory of metamaterials and plasmonics relevant to computing, communications, defense, health, sensing, imaging, en...
1,941,325,220,850
arxiv
\section{Challenges} \section{Simple Drive Train Model} An automatic transmission provides gear shifts characterized by two features: (1) the torque transfer, in which a clutch corresponding to the target gear takes over the drive torque, and (2) the speed synchronization, in which slip from input to output speed of t...
1,941,325,220,851
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Let $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ --- $m$ -- dimensional Euclidean point space $\bar{x} = (x_{1}, \ldots, x_{m})$ with real coordinates; $I^{m} = \{\bar{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{m}; \ 0 \leqslant x_{j} \leqslant 1; \ j = 1, \ldots, m \}=[0, 1]^{m} $ --- $ m $ -- dimensional cub. \smallskip Two nonneg...
1,941,325,220,852
arxiv
\section{Introduction} All of the long-baseline pulsar timing arrays (PTAs)---namely the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves \citep[NANOGrav,][]{NANOGrav}, the European Pulsar Timing Array \citep[EPTA,][]{EPTA} and the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array \citep[PPTA,][]{PPTA}---have now reporte...
1,941,325,220,853
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In classical systems where physical quantity (especially, dynamical variables) can be a linear map for structures, a set of special structure that has maximum or minimum physical quantity should always be restricted by spatial constraint on constituents of given system. This can be quantitativel...
1,941,325,220,854
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace*{-0.9ex} Logic-based encodings of the verification problem are more and more widespread in software verification~\cite{BGMR15}. However, the generated formulae are often too large to be directly handled by the back end solver. Classical divide-and-conquer techniques suggest themselves ...
1,941,325,220,855
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Globular cluster (GC) systems are always present in large galaxies. It is generally believed that GCs form when starbursts occur in galaxies, and as `fossil records', contain vital information on the formation and evolution of their parent galaxies \citep{searle78,harris91,ashman98,west04,brodie...
1,941,325,220,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For explaining accelerated expansion of the universe, there is a class of models in which one modifies the laws of gravity whereby a late-time acceleration is produced. A family of these modified gravity models is obtained by replacing the Ricci scalar $R$ in the usual Einstein-Hilbert Lagran...
1,941,325,220,857
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Material} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{6pt} \begin{table} \caption{Northern and Southern catalogs used in the \emph{a priori} defined source-list searches. For each source: equatorial coordinates (J2000) from 4FGL are given with the likelihood search results: best-fit number of astrophysical neutrin...
1,941,325,220,858
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the main goals of the future Electron - Ion Colliders (EIC) \cite{Raju,Boer,Accardi,LHeC,Aschenauer:2017jsk} is to perform a detailed investigation of the hadronic structure in the non-linear regime of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and, in particular, to be able to determine the presen...
1,941,325,220,859
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} The forward and backward hopping rates of a random walk on a one-dimensional lattice are linked to the average velocity ($v$) and diffusion coefficient ($D$). The latter macroscopic parameters can be estimated from the trajectory of the random walk, i.e., locations on the lattic...
1,941,325,220,860
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} In this work, we demonstrate the importance of zero velocity information for \ac{GNSS} based navigation. The effectiveness of using the zero velocity information with \ac{ZUPT} for inertial navigation applications have been shown in the literature. Here we leverage this information and add it as a ...
1,941,325,220,861
arxiv
\section{Concluding remarks}\label{sec:conclusions} Over the last twenty years, subgraph counting has been under increased focus in the network science community, specially since the introduction of networks motifs~\cite{milo2002network}, and its status as an important tool for network analysis, as w...
1,941,325,220,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many scientific and application domains, data is supported by a graph or network structure. To deal with such data, a collection of graph convolution networks (GCNs) have been proposed by generalizing architectures from the Euclidean domain to the graph one. Among them, MPGCNs \citep{bruna2013...
1,941,325,220,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} One of the crowning achievements of the Golden Age of Relativity is the discovery that the black holes exhibit thermodynamic properties. A black hole has a natural temperature associated with its surface gravity and the entropy associated with its area. These quantities follow classi...
1,941,325,220,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec_intro}} There exists classes of stars that differ from the vast majority of the stars known in the sense that they are hydrogen-deficient. They are called extreme Helium stars (eHe), hydrogen-deficient Carbon stars (HdC) and R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars. The last two are supergiant c...
1,941,325,220,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Beilinson conjectures \cite{bei1,bei2} are some very general statements extending the class number formula which relates the values of $L$-functions at integers to regulators. For an elliptic curve $E$ over $\mathbb{Q}$, the conjecture concerning $L(E, 2)$ is originally due to Bloch \cite{bl...
1,941,325,220,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Calibration and Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) estimation is a major issue in array processing \cite{stoica1990maximum,vorobyov2005maximum}. The latter has been studied in several applications, e.g., radar, sonar, satellite, wireless communication and radio interferometric syst...
1,941,325,220,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} We are concerned with the concept of orbital stability of the standing wave solutions for the following semilinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation \begin{equation}\label{original.problem} i\psi_t+\Delta \psi+\left(\frac{N-2}{2}\right)^2\frac{\psi}{|x|^2}+|\psi|^{q-2}\psi=0,\;\;\...
1,941,325,220,868
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In their beautiful recent paper \cite{MM}, Matsumoto and Matui proved that a simple Cuntz--Krieger algebra remembers the flow equivalence class of the irreducible shift of finite type defining it, provided that the canonical diagonal subalgebra is considered as a part of the data. A key tool fo...
1,941,325,220,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, particles with a long lifetime have been studied extensively at colliders (see e.g.\ Ref. \cite{Alimena:2019zri} for a review). At the large hadron collider (LHC), the long-lived particles have been searched for in channels with displaced dilepton vertices \cite{Aad:2015rba...
1,941,325,220,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Testing the nature of the black holes has been an important goal for decades. There is a plethora of observations that pave the way towards determining whether the spacetime around such compact objects in indeed described by the Kerr metric \cite{Berti:2015itd}. Especially with the advance of th...
1,941,325,220,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The BV/BRST formalism was developed as a general method to quantize an arbitrary field theory with gauge redundancies \cite{Batalin:1981jr,Batalin:1983ggl}.{\footnote{Useful expositions of the subject include the book \cite{HT} and the review \cite{Gomis:1994he}.}} It is particularl...
1,941,325,220,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last years Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have experienced an unparalleled expansion for many reasons. The~availability of cost-effective sensor networks, pervasive computation in assorted flavors (distributed/edge/fog computing) and the so-called Internet of Things are all accel...
1,941,325,220,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Toric Topology opened new directions in the framework of equivariant topology and found remarkable applications due to the possibility of constructing explicitly smooth manifolds, CW complexes, and their mappings that provide us with realizations of fundamental results of algebraic topology. I...
1,941,325,220,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Random linear mappings play a central role in dimension reduction, compressed sensing, and numerical linear algebra due to their propensity to preserve the geometry of a given set. The performance of a random linear mapping $A\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ is often determined by the uniform concentra...
1,941,325,220,875
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} While non-perturbative instanton effects have been analyzed in great detail in field theory and can be evaluated by means of complete and clear algorithms (for reviews, see for instance Refs. \cite{Dorey:2002ik,Bianchi:2007ft}), the study of these effects in string theory is st...
1,941,325,220,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent The study of binary stochastic processes has a long-standing tradition in probability theory. There exist many versions of such processes, for example, the telegraph process in continuous time or the simple discrete-time Markov chain. These processes found applications in many fields, f...
1,941,325,220,877
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The last decade has witnessed a rapid development of the theory of planar semimodular lattices; see the bibliographic section in the present paper and see many additional papers referenced in the book chapter Cz\'edli and Gr\"atzer~\cite{czgggltsta}. Also, see \cite{czgggltsta} for a survey and ...
1,941,325,220,878
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Monte Carlo event generators provide an important bridge between collider experiments and the underlying physics of the SM. They enable low-multiplicity fixed-order calculations to be compared against the busy hadronic environment that characterises modern-day experimental particle physics. This ...
1,941,325,220,879
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of the electric dipole moment (EDM) for any particle or closed system of particles violates both the space parity ($\mathcal{P}$) and time-reversal ($\mathcal{T}$) symmetries~\cite{Khrip91,Gin04,Saf18}. Up to date the most stringent experimental constraints for the particles' EDMs a...
1,941,325,220,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction}\label{intro} In the recent years, experimental advances in low temperature physics substantially increased the interest in the effects of noise and disorder in mesoscopic systems \cite {shakar,gustavo,gustavo3,zurek,sachdevbook,zvyagin, heyl}. In this paper we study a c...
1,941,325,220,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and Motivation} \label{ssec:background} In recent years, the impressive practical success of deep learning has motivated the development of provably efficient learning algorithms for various classes of neural networks. A large body of research (see Section~\ref{ssec:rela...
1,941,325,220,882
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Submodular set functions are defined by the following condition for all pairs of sets $S,T$: $$ f(S \cup T) + f(S \cap T) \leq f(S) + f(T),$$ or equivalently by the property that the {\em marginal value} of any element, $f_S(j) = f(S+j)-f(S)$, satisfies $f_T(j) \leq f_S(j)$, whenever $j \notin T...
1,941,325,220,883
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the "cold fusion" publication by Fleischmann and Pons in 1989 \cit {FP1} a new field of experimental physics has emerged. Although even the possibility of the phenomenon of nuclear fusion at low energies is in doubt in mainstream physics, the quest for low-energy nuclear reactions (LEN...
1,941,325,220,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Emotions and expressions play a significant role in our daily lives. They influence memory~\cite{miranda2005mood}, decision-making~\cite{loewenstein2003role} and social communication. Non-verbal and verbal signals (e.g., speech, facial expressions, physiological responses, gestures, language) cap...
1,941,325,220,885
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Developing methods to model and understand tempo and mode of macroevolution is an important goal for evolutionary biology (e.g., \citeauthor{harmon2010early}, \citeyear{harmon2010early}; \citeauthor{eastman2011novel}, \citeyear{eastman2011novel}; \citeauthor{revell2012phytools}, \citeyear{revell2...
1,941,325,220,886
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The N\'eron--Severi group $\NS X$ of a smooth proper variety $X$ over a field $k$ is the group of divisors modulo algebraic equivalence. If $k$ is algebraically closed, $\NS X$ also equals the group of connected components of the Picard scheme of $X$. N\'eron \cite[p. 145, Th\'eor\`eme 2]{Ner} a...
1,941,325,220,887
arxiv
\section{Concluding Remarks} \label{sec:conclusion} In this paper we proved a tight lower bound $L(n,k)$ for Streett complementation. We note that we can improve the lower bound by two modifications. First, we allow $G(i)$ (resp. $B(i)$) to be arbitrary subsets of $P_{G}$ (resp. $P_{B}$). Second, we also use multi-di...