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1,941,325,220,788 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega$ be a domain in $\mathbb R^n$, and consider
the one-phase free boundary problem ($u\ge 0$)
\begin{equation}\label{fbintro} \left \{
\begin{array}{ll}
\Delta u =0, & \hbox{in $\Omega^+(u):= \{x \in \Omega : u(x)>0\}$,} \\
|\nabla u| =1, & \hbox{on $F(u):= \partial \Omega \ca... |
1,941,325,220,789 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modified gravity (see for recent reviews \cite{Nojiri:2010wj}
-\cite{Bamba:2014eea})
is the most popular way to adderess the recently observational data in favor of an accelerating expanding Universe \cite{obs1}-\cite{obs3} . It is believed that it is able to realize the acceleration expansion of... |
1,941,325,220,790 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Estimation of the parameters of stellar models is a challenging task. The increasing precision achieved in the determination of atmospheric parameters, coupled to the fast growing amount of available seismic and interferometric data, has allowed to improve the constraints on stellar models.
... |
1,941,325,220,791 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
\begin{figure}[h!]\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.755]{fig1a.eps}
\includegraphics[scale=0.411]{fig1b.eps}
\caption{ Images of the group SL2S\,J02140-0535 at $z_{\rm spec}=0.44$. \emph{Left:} composite HST/ACS F814, F606, F475 color image ($22\arcsec \times 22\arcsec$... |
1,941,325,220,792 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transparent conducting materials (TCMs) are necessary in many applications ranging from solar cells to transparent electronics. So far, \emph{n}-type oxides (e.g., \ce{In2O3}, \ce{SnO2} and \ce{ZnO}) are the highest performing TCMs, allowing them to be used in commercial devices~\cite{H.Ohta-MatT... |
1,941,325,220,793 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A defect---or interface---in conformal field theory is generally defined as a non-contractible line separating two a priori different conformal field theories (CFTs), with matching conditions between the two sides of the line. Various situations can be encountered in this general context. We w... |
1,941,325,220,794 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\raggedbottom
Like most diagnostic imaging exams, chest radiography produces a few very common findings, followed by many relatively rare findings \cite{Paul2021Zeroshot,Zhou2021Review}. Such a ``long-tailed" (LT) distribution of outcomes can make it challenging to learn discriminative image fea... |
1,941,325,220,795 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
Survival outcomes are common end-points of interest in confirmatory trials to demonstrate treatment effect in oncology. In the presence of non-proportional hazards (NPH), which has been increasingly encountered in practice, the detection power of the commonly used log-rank test is... |
1,941,325,220,796 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Generalized anyonic statistics, which interpolate continously between bosons
and fermions, are considered one of the most remarkable breakthrough of
modern physics.
In fact, while in three dimensions particles can be only bosons or fermions,
in lower dimensionality they can experience exchang... |
1,941,325,220,797 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\noindent The identification of the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is still an open issue, and in fact a tricky business. The excellent information from the two large experiments, the Pierre Auger Observatory in the South, and the Telescope Array in the North, on spec... |
1,941,325,220,798 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Gamma \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a smooth nonintersecting open arc, and we assume that $\Gamma$ can be extended to an arbitrary smooth, simply connected, closed curve $\partial \Omega$ enclosing a bounded domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$. Let $k>0$ be the wave number, and let $\theta \in \m... |
1,941,325,220,799 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The gravitational field equations in general relativity, GR, and modified
gravity theories, MGT, are very sophisticate systems of nonlinear partial
differential equations (PDEs). Advanced analytic and
numerical methods are necessary for constructing exact and approximate solutions of such
... |
1,941,325,220,800 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
A process consists of a series of interrelated tasks. Its graphical description is called \textbf{process model} \cite{processMining}. Over the past decade, a specific kind of process model - scientific workflow - has been established as a valuable means for scientists to... |
1,941,325,220,801 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
After the firm discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe from observations of distant--type Ia SNs \cite{1998AJ....116.1009R,1999ApJ...517..565P}, dark energy, which is responsible for the cosmic acceleration, has been one of the biggest mysteries in cosmology. In ... |
1,941,325,220,802 | arxiv | \section{Definition and construction of the Nicolai map}
\noindent
The key idea is best illustrated by an example.
Let us look at the Wess--Zumino model in $3{+}1$ dimensional Minkowski space,
consisting of a complex scalar~$\phi$, a Weyl fermion~$\psi$ and a complex auxiliary~$F$,
characterized by a superpotential~... |
1,941,325,220,803 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the approaches to the problem of understanding quantum entanglement is
to look for functions on the state space which are invariant under the action
of the local unitary (LU) group and enable us to distinguish between different
types of states. For a multipartite quantum system with disti... |
1,941,325,220,804 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the recent years there has been much interest in various loop
models. Loop models are graphical models defined by drawing closed
loops along the bonds of the underlying lattice. The loops may come in
$n$ different flavours (colours). No two loops can share a bond,
while sharing a vertex is g... |
1,941,325,220,805 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
CLIO (Cryogenic Laser Interferometer Observatory)~\cite{Ohashi2003,Miyoki2004,Miyoki2006,Ohashi2008},
is a prototype for the next Japanese gravitational wave (GW) telescope project,
LCGT (Large Scale Cryogenic Gravitational-Wave Telescope)~\cite{LCGT2006},
featuring the use of cryogenic mirror... |
1,941,325,220,806 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Following the discovery of the (Brout-Englert-)Higgs boson~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012xdj,Aad:2012tfa}, a central aim of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is to search for new particles beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Such particles could show up in any one or more of the processes... |
1,941,325,220,807 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We have, at present, strong evidence for Dark Energy (DE) from the
large amount of available cosmological data \citep[e.g.,][]{Ade:2015xua}.
Nonetheless, this evidence is mostly based on precise constraints
from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) epoch extrapolated to the ... |
1,941,325,220,808 | arxiv | \section{The Complexity of SPR}
In this section, we study the computational complexity of the problems defined below.
\noindent\begin{definition}[Computational problems]~
\begin{itemize}
\item \textsc{SPR/FA}:
Given an SPR instance and a matching $Y$,
does an allocation $\mu$ exist such that $(Y,\mu)$ is a feasible m... |
1,941,325,220,809 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
\label{sec:intro}
The tidal interaction between neutron stars in a close binary system
has recently been the subject of intense investigation, following the
observation \cite{flanagan-hinderer:08} that the tidal deformation of
each body could have a measurable impact on the emitted... |
1,941,325,220,810 | arxiv | \subsection*{Introduction}\label{intro}
Two-dimensional quantum gravity is not much of a gravity
theory in the sense that there are no propagating gravitons.
It has nevertheless been a fertile playground when it comes
to testing various aspects of diffeomorphism-invariant theories,
and it is potentially important for ... |
1,941,325,220,811 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We provide in this paper a new and detailed geometric proof of the removal of boundary singularities
of pseudo-holomorphic curves. More precisely,
we shall prove the following Theorems \ref{theorem_A} and \ref{theorem_B} due to Gromov \cite{gromov}
by using a doubling argument.
The idea of using ... |
1,941,325,220,812 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stochastic linear models are instruments of paramount importance for describing physical, social or economic systems: despite being simple enough to be analytically tractable, they allow to accurately describe a large number of qualititatively different systems.
In this work, our focus will be th... |
1,941,325,220,813 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we address in a distributed way stochastic big-data convex
optimization problems involving \emph{strongly convex} (possibly nonsmooth)
local objective functions, by means of the
Distributed Block Proximal Method~\cite{farina2019randomized,farina2019subgradient}.
Problems with this... |
1,941,325,220,814 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
A \emph{finite category}
over a fixed field $k$, that we will assume to be algebraically closed throughout,
is an Abelian category enriched over finite-dimensional $k$-vector spaces which has enough projective objects and finitely many isomorphism classes of simple objects; moreover,... |
1,941,325,220,815 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We propose a design for two-hop decode-and-forward relaying in cellular networks, primarily for throughput improvement in the low and median throughput regime, on both the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL) paths. The Backhaul between the base station and relaying mobile device... |
1,941,325,220,816 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
It is widely accepted that, under ordinary circumstances, the standard Ohm's law,
\begin{eqnarray}
\vec{J}=\sigma\vec{E},
\label{1}
\end{eqnarray}
which relates the electric field $\vec{E}$ to the current density $\vec{J}$ flowing in a linear, isotropic and homogenous medium with electric conduct... |
1,941,325,220,817 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the classical supervised learning from $n$ i.i.d.
samples $\{(y_i,{\boldsymbol z}_i)\}_{i\le n}$ where ${\boldsymbol z}_i\in {\mathbb R}^{d}$ are covariate
vectors and $y_i\in{\mathbb R}$ are labels. A large number of popular techniques
fit the following general scheme:
\begin{enumera... |
1,941,325,220,818 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section intro Introduction}
TORCH (Time Of internally Reflected CHerenkov light) is a novel detector\,\cite{Charles_2011_TORCH, Gys_2016_RICH_proceedings}, under development to provide time-of-flight (ToF) over a large-area, up to around 30\,m$^2$. The detector provides charged-particle i... |
1,941,325,220,819 | arxiv |
\section{Entropy production of harmonically coupled drift-diffusion
particles on a circle: Harmonic trawlers}\seclabel{HarmonicTrawlers}
\paragraph*{Abstract}
In this section we consider the entropy production of two
harmonically coupled
distinguishable drift-diffusion particles
on the circle of circumference $L$,... |
1,941,325,220,820 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Oscillations and instabilities of neutron stars were always considered among the promising sources for gravitational waves. The systematic study of non-axisymmetric neutron star oscillations began in the 1960s with the pioneering works of Thorne and collaborators (cf. \cite{1967ApJ...149..591T, ... |
1,941,325,220,821 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:INTRO}
Our main goal in this paper is to develop flexible techniques
that advance the theory of shock formation
in initially regular solutions to quasilinear hyperbolic PDE systems featuring \emph{multiple speeds} of propagation.
Our techniques apply in \emph{more than one spatial dime... |
1,941,325,220,822 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Shatashvili-Vafa $G_{2}$ algebra \cite{Shatashvili-Vafa95} is a superconformal vertex algebra with six generators $\{L,G,\Phi,K,X,M\}$. It is an extension of the $N=1$ superconformal algebra of central charge $c=21/2$ (formed by the super-partners $\{L,G\}$) by two fields $\Phi$ and $K$, ... |
1,941,325,220,823 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion and perspective}
\label{conc_sec}
Based on a functional LLN and a functional CLT for the rank invariant, the present work is the first step towards putting multi-parameter persistence on a sound statistical basis. However, in order to cover the variety of contexts where multi-parameter persistence... |
1,941,325,220,824 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
A classical approaches to special functions developed in the $19^{th}$ century was to classify them from the
point of view of solutions
to (second) order differential equations with analytic coefficients
\begin{equation}
\label{ode-1}
a(z) \frac{d^{2}u}{dz^{2}} + b(z) \frac{... |
1,941,325,220,825 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Kirby's problem 4.5 \cite{kirbylist}, Casson asks which rational homology $3$-spheres bound rational homology $4$-balls. While rational homology $3$-spheres abound in nature, including the $r$-surgery $S^3_r(K)$ on a knot $K$ for any $r \in \mathbb{Q} - \{ 0 \}$, very few of them actually bou... |
1,941,325,220,826 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted increasing research attention
because of their wide application in engineering systems including smart grids, biomedical health monitoring, target tracking and surveillance
\citep{article:Sayed2013,article:Yick2008}.
Distributed obse... |
1,941,325,220,827 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In pure non-Abelian gauge theories there is a linear confinement
potential between a static source anti-source pair in the fundamental
representation of the gauge group at large distances. The static
potential can be efficiently computed by means of Wilson
loops. C. Michael \cite{adjpot:su2micha... |
1,941,325,220,828 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
This paper is devoted to the stability analysis of spatially interconnected systems (SISs) via the sum-of-squares (SOS) decomposition of positive trigonometric polynomials. For each spatial direction of SISs, three types of interconnected structures are considered. Inspired by the idea of rational p... |
1,941,325,220,829 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
First order ODEs can always be linearized \cite{fm1} by point
transformations \cite{l1}. Lie \cite{l2} showed that all
linearizable second order ODEs must be cubically semi-linear, i.e.
\begin{eqnarray}
y''+ a_1(x,y)y'^3 - a_2(x,y)y'^2 + a_3(x,y)y' - a_4(x,y)=0~,\label{secondlform}
\end{e... |
1,941,325,220,830 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The Milky Way is one of the 72\% of massive\footnote{By massive galaxies, we arbitrarily consider those with stellar masses larger than $10^{10}M_{\odot}$, the Milky Way being five times more massive than this value.} galaxies that are disk dominated. How large disks formed in massi... |
1,941,325,220,831 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Rapid advancement of deep learning has attracted significant attention of researchers to explore how to use deep learning to solve scientific and engineering problems. Since numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) sits at the heart of many scientific areas, ... |
1,941,325,220,832 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main advantage of zeroth-order (derivative-free) optimization methods \cite{rosenbrock1960automatic,fabian1967stochastic,brent1973algorithms,spall2003introduction,conn2009introduction,larson2019derivative-free} is that computing function value is, in general, simpler than computing its gradie... |
1,941,325,220,833 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The gravitational field of an astrophysical object can deviate the
light path of a background source star and the result is the
formation of two images at either side of the lens
\cite{Einstein36}. In the Galactic scale, the angular separation of
the images is of the order of milli arc second, to... |
1,941,325,220,834 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Predicting the binding mode of small molecules in a protein pocket is one of the main challenges in the field of computational chemistry. Accurate predictions can substantially reduce the costs of drug development and speed up the process\cite{Pinzi2019}. Several software solutions exist that add... |
1,941,325,220,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:Intro}
\noindent
At the end of his \(1975\) article on class numbers of pure quintic fields,
Parry suggested verbatim
\lq\lq In conclusion the author would like to say that he believes
a numerical study of pure quintic fields would be most interesting\rq\rq\
\cite[p. 484]{Pa}.
Of course,... |
1,941,325,220,836 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main result}\label{S:intro}
In many practical applications it is of interest to find or approximate the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of elliptic problems. Finite element approximations for these problems have been widely used and analyzed under a general framework. Optimal a priori error es... |
1,941,325,220,837 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Vanadium oxides compounds exhibiting exotic transport phenomena
are subjects of extensive interest.
In particular vanadium dioxide, VO$_2$, undergoes a first-order transition from a
high-temperature metallic phase to a low-temperature insulating
phase at almost the room temperature ($T=340\,$K)... |
1,941,325,220,838 | arxiv | \section{Preface}
Nucleons are known to carry intensive pion clouds \cite{tony}, which can be employed to study the pion properties. In particular, leading neutron production was measured in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) at HERA \cite{zeus,h1} aiming at extraction from data the pion structure function at small Bjork... |
1,941,325,220,839 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The double perovskites are a fascinating playground of different properties such as half-metallicity \cite{Retuerto,Philipp}, high temperature ferrimagnetism \cite{Feng,Krockenberger}, ferroelectricity \cite{Fukushima,Kumar,Retuerto1} and a rich variety of magnetic interactions \cite{Ou,Morrow1... |
1,941,325,220,840 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A professional hierarchy is a field in which an employee enters at a designated low level and gradually moves up the ranks. For instance, large businesses have interns through CEOs, hospitals have residents through head physicians, and academic institutions have undergraduates through full profes... |
1,941,325,220,841 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
As is well known, the rare radiative decays of $B$ mesons is in
particular sensitive to contributions from those new physics beyond
the standard model(SM). Both inclusive and exclusive processes, such
as the decays $B_s \to X\gamma$, $B_s \to \gamma\gamma$ and $B \to
X_s\gamma$ have been receive... |
1,941,325,220,842 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The anomalous magnetic moment $g\!-\!2$\ of the electron is one of the
most vigorously studied physical quantities at present, which
provides a very stringent test of the validity of
quantum electrodynamics (QED).
To match the precision of the latest measurement of electron... |
1,941,325,220,843 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An interconnection topology can be represented by a graph $G=(V,E)$, where $V$ denotes the processors and $E$ the communication links.
The \emph{distance} $d_G(u,v)$ between two vertices $u,v$ of a graph $G$ is the length of a shortest path connecting $u$ and $v$.
An \emph{isometric} subgrap... |
1,941,325,220,844 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Robots would be much more useful if they had the capability to move obstacles out of the way. Such robots can be deployed in search and rescue scenarios, where they reach to places unreachable by humans and assist in the removal of rubble from disaster areas. In an attempt towards this vision, w... |
1,941,325,220,845 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section}
Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a fundamental tool for data analysis and exploration. Many variants of the basic HMM have been developed in response to shortcomings in the original HMM formulation \cite{Rabiner89}. In this paper we address inference in the explicit state durati... |
1,941,325,220,846 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a long (but sparse) debate in the community of atmospheric physics
and meteorology about the prediction horizon of weather forecasts. As it was
prominently pointed out by Lorenz (1963)\cite{Lorenz1963}, the
chaotic nature of the atmosphere when seen as a dynamical system
has the consequ... |
1,941,325,220,847 | arxiv | \section{\label{Sec:Intro}Introduction}
Liquid crystalline gels\cite{2003LCEWarner.M;Terentjev.E} refer to special soft materials that incorporate the symmetry properties of liquid crystalline\cite{1993PhysLC_Gennes.P;Prost.J} phases into the crosslinked polymeric backbones, thus the translational response of crossli... |
1,941,325,220,848 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of black holes from astrophysical point of view and by
astronomers has
blossomed in the last decade because of the dramatic increase
in the number of black hole candidates from the sole
candidate (Cygnus X-1) some 25 years ago. This in turn
requires a deeper familiarity with black... |
1,941,325,220,849 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Controlling the interaction of photons and electrons at the sub-wavelength electromagnetic regime has led to a wide variety of novel optical materials
and applications in the territory of metamaterials and plasmonics relevant to computing, communications, defense, health, sensing, imaging, en... |
1,941,325,220,850 | arxiv |
\section{Challenges}
\section{Simple Drive Train Model}
An automatic transmission provides gear shifts characterized by two features: (1) the torque transfer, in which a clutch corresponding to the target gear takes over the drive torque, and (2) the speed synchronization, in which slip from input to output speed of t... |
1,941,325,220,851 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Let $\mathbb{R}^{m}$ --- $m$ -- dimensional Euclidean point space $\bar{x} = (x_{1}, \ldots, x_{m})$ with real coordinates; $I^{m} = \{\bar{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{m}; \ 0 \leqslant x_{j} \leqslant 1; \ j = 1, \ldots, m \}=[0, 1]^{m} $ --- $ m $ -- dimensional
cub.
\smallskip
Two nonneg... |
1,941,325,220,852 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All of the long-baseline pulsar timing arrays (PTAs)---namely the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves \citep[NANOGrav,][]{NANOGrav}, the European Pulsar Timing Array \citep[EPTA,][]{EPTA} and the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array \citep[PPTA,][]{PPTA}---have now reporte... |
1,941,325,220,853 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In classical systems where physical quantity (especially, dynamical variables) can be a linear map for structures, a set of special structure that has maximum or minimum physical quantity should always be restricted by spatial constraint on constituents of given system. This can be quantitativel... |
1,941,325,220,854 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\vspace*{-0.9ex}
Logic-based encodings of the verification problem
are more and more widespread in
software verification~\cite{BGMR15}.
However, the generated formulae are often too large to be
directly handled by the back end solver. Classical divide-and-conquer
techniques suggest themselves ... |
1,941,325,220,855 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Globular cluster (GC) systems are always present in large galaxies. It is generally believed that GCs form when starbursts occur in galaxies, and as `fossil records', contain vital information on the formation and evolution of their parent galaxies \citep{searle78,harris91,ashman98,west04,brodie... |
1,941,325,220,856 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For explaining accelerated expansion of the universe, there is a class of models in which one modifies the
laws of gravity whereby a late-time acceleration is produced. A
family of these modified gravity models is obtained by replacing
the Ricci scalar $R$ in the usual Einstein-Hilbert Lagran... |
1,941,325,220,857 | arxiv | \section*{Supplementary Material}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{6pt}
\begin{table}
\caption{Northern and Southern catalogs used in the \emph{a priori} defined source-list searches. For each source: equatorial coordinates (J2000) from 4FGL are given with the likelihood search results: best-fit number of astrophysical neutrin... |
1,941,325,220,858 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the main goals of the future Electron - Ion Colliders (EIC) \cite{Raju,Boer,Accardi,LHeC,Aschenauer:2017jsk} is to perform a detailed investigation of the hadronic structure in the non-linear regime of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and, in particular, to be able to determine the presen... |
1,941,325,220,859 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
The forward and backward hopping rates of a random walk on a one-dimensional lattice are linked to the average velocity ($v$) and diffusion coefficient ($D$). The latter macroscopic parameters can be estimated from the trajectory of the random walk, i.e., locations on the lattic... |
1,941,325,220,860 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
In this work, we demonstrate the importance of zero velocity information for \ac{GNSS} based navigation. The effectiveness of using the zero velocity information with \ac{ZUPT} for inertial navigation applications have been shown in the literature. Here we leverage this information and add it as a ... |
1,941,325,220,861 | arxiv | \section{Concluding remarks}\label{sec:conclusions}
Over the last twenty years, subgraph counting has been under increased focus in the network science community, specially since the introduction of networks motifs~\cite{milo2002network}, and its status as an important tool for network analysis, as w... |
1,941,325,220,862 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many scientific and application domains, data is supported by a graph or network structure. To deal with such data, a collection of graph convolution networks (GCNs) have been proposed by generalizing architectures from the Euclidean domain to the graph one. Among them, MPGCNs \citep{bruna2013... |
1,941,325,220,863 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
One of the crowning achievements of the Golden Age of Relativity is the discovery that the black holes exhibit thermodynamic properties.
A black hole has a natural temperature associated with its surface gravity and the entropy associated with its area.
These quantities follow classi... |
1,941,325,220,864 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec_intro}}
There exists classes of stars that differ from the vast majority of the stars known in the sense that they are hydrogen-deficient. They are called extreme Helium stars (eHe), hydrogen-deficient Carbon stars (HdC) and R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars. The last two are supergiant c... |
1,941,325,220,865 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Beilinson conjectures \cite{bei1,bei2} are some very general statements extending
the class number formula which relates the values of $L$-functions at integers to regulators.
For an elliptic curve $E$ over $\mathbb{Q}$, the conjecture concerning $L(E, 2)$ is originally due to Bloch \cite{bl... |
1,941,325,220,866 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Calibration and Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) estimation is a major issue in array processing \cite{stoica1990maximum,vorobyov2005maximum}. The latter has been studied in several applications, e.g., radar, sonar, satellite, wireless communication and radio interferometric syst... |
1,941,325,220,867 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
We are concerned with the concept of orbital stability of the standing wave solutions for the following semilinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation
\begin{equation}\label{original.problem}
i\psi_t+\Delta \psi+\left(\frac{N-2}{2}\right)^2\frac{\psi}{|x|^2}+|\psi|^{q-2}\psi=0,\;\;\... |
1,941,325,220,868 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In their beautiful recent paper \cite{MM}, Matsumoto and Matui proved that a simple Cuntz--Krieger algebra remembers the flow equivalence class of the irreducible shift of finite type defining it, provided that the canonical diagonal subalgebra is considered as a part of the data. A key tool fo... |
1,941,325,220,869 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, particles with a long lifetime have been
studied extensively at colliders
(see e.g.\ Ref. \cite{Alimena:2019zri} for a review).
At the large hadron collider (LHC),
the long-lived particles have been searched for
in channels with displaced dilepton vertices
\cite{Aad:2015rba... |
1,941,325,220,870 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Testing the nature of the black holes has been an important goal for decades. There is a plethora of observations that pave the way towards determining whether the spacetime around such compact objects in indeed described by the Kerr metric \cite{Berti:2015itd}. Especially with the advance of th... |
1,941,325,220,871 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The BV/BRST formalism was developed as a general method to quantize an arbitrary field theory with gauge redundancies \cite{Batalin:1981jr,Batalin:1983ggl}.{\footnote{Useful expositions of the subject include the book \cite{HT} and the review \cite{Gomis:1994he}.}} It is particularl... |
1,941,325,220,872 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last years Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have experienced an unparalleled expansion for many reasons. The~availability of cost-effective sensor networks, pervasive computation in assorted flavors (distributed/edge/fog computing) and the so-called Internet of Things are all accel... |
1,941,325,220,873 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Toric Topology opened new directions in the framework of equivariant topology and found remarkable applications due to the possibility of constructing explicitly smooth manifolds, CW complexes, and their mappings that provide us with realizations of fundamental results of algebraic topology. I... |
1,941,325,220,874 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Random linear mappings play a central role in dimension reduction, compressed sensing, and numerical linear algebra due to their propensity to preserve the geometry of a given set. The performance of a random linear mapping $A\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ is often determined by the uniform concentra... |
1,941,325,220,875 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
While non-perturbative instanton effects have been analyzed in great detail in
field theory and can be evaluated by means of complete and clear algorithms (for
reviews, see for instance Refs. \cite{Dorey:2002ik,Bianchi:2007ft}), the study
of these effects in string theory is st... |
1,941,325,220,876 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \noindent
The study of binary stochastic processes has a long-standing tradition in probability theory. There exist many versions of such processes, for example, the telegraph process in continuous time or the simple discrete-time Markov chain. These processes found applications in many fields, f... |
1,941,325,220,877 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The last decade has witnessed a rapid development of the theory of planar semimodular lattices; see the bibliographic section in the present paper and see many additional papers referenced in the book chapter Cz\'edli and Gr\"atzer~\cite{czgggltsta}. Also, see \cite{czgggltsta} for a survey and ... |
1,941,325,220,878 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Monte Carlo event generators provide an important bridge between collider experiments and the underlying physics of the SM. They enable low-multiplicity fixed-order calculations to be compared against the busy hadronic environment that characterises modern-day experimental particle physics. This ... |
1,941,325,220,879 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of the electric dipole moment (EDM) for any particle or closed system of particles violates both the space parity ($\mathcal{P}$) and time-reversal ($\mathcal{T}$) symmetries~\cite{Khrip91,Gin04,Saf18}. Up to date the most stringent experimental constraints for the particles' EDMs a... |
1,941,325,220,880 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In the recent years, experimental advances in low temperature physics substantially increased the interest
in the effects of noise and disorder in mesoscopic systems \cite {shakar,gustavo,gustavo3,zurek,sachdevbook,zvyagin, heyl}.
In this paper we study a c... |
1,941,325,220,881 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background and Motivation} \label{ssec:background}
In recent years, the impressive practical success of deep learning has motivated
the development of provably efficient learning algorithms for various classes of neural networks.
A large body of research (see Section~\ref{ssec:rela... |
1,941,325,220,882 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Submodular set functions are defined by the following condition for all pairs of sets $S,T$:
$$ f(S \cup T) + f(S \cap T) \leq f(S) + f(T),$$
or equivalently by the property that the {\em marginal value} of any element,
$f_S(j) = f(S+j)-f(S)$, satisfies $f_T(j) \leq f_S(j)$, whenever
$j \notin T... |
1,941,325,220,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the "cold fusion" publication by Fleischmann and Pons in 1989 \cit
{FP1} a new field of experimental physics has emerged. Although even the
possibility of the phenomenon of nuclear fusion at low energies is in doubt
in mainstream physics, the quest for low-energy nuclear reactions (LEN... |
1,941,325,220,884 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Emotions and expressions play a significant role in our daily lives. They influence memory~\cite{miranda2005mood}, decision-making~\cite{loewenstein2003role} and social communication. Non-verbal and verbal signals (e.g., speech, facial expressions, physiological responses, gestures, language) cap... |
1,941,325,220,885 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Developing methods to model and understand tempo and mode of macroevolution is an important goal for evolutionary biology (e.g., \citeauthor{harmon2010early}, \citeyear{harmon2010early}; \citeauthor{eastman2011novel}, \citeyear{eastman2011novel}; \citeauthor{revell2012phytools}, \citeyear{revell2... |
1,941,325,220,886 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The N\'eron--Severi group $\NS X$ of a smooth proper variety $X$ over a field $k$ is the group of divisors modulo algebraic equivalence. If $k$ is algebraically closed, $\NS X$ also equals the group of connected components of the Picard scheme of $X$. N\'eron \cite[p. 145, Th\'eor\`eme 2]{Ner} a... |
1,941,325,220,887 | arxiv | \section{Concluding Remarks}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper we proved a tight lower bound $L(n,k)$ for Streett complementation. We note that we can improve the lower bound by two modifications. First, we allow $G(i)$ (resp. $B(i)$) to be arbitrary subsets of $P_{G}$ (resp. $P_{B}$). Second, we also use multi-di... |
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