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1,941,325,220,588
arxiv
\section*{Summary} \end{center} In this paper, we propose a robust concurrent multiscale method for continuum-continuum coupling based on the cut finite element method. The computational domain is defined in a fully non-conforming fashion by approximate signed distance functions over a fixed background grid and decompo...
1,941,325,220,589
arxiv
\subsection{Directions for Future Work} The security notions of variants of collision resistance, including plain collision resistance and multi-collision resistance, can be phrased in the language of entropy. For example, plain collision resistance requires that once a hash value $y$ is fixed the (max) entropy of pre...
1,941,325,220,590
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{Sec:Intro} The equation of state (EOS) of dense, hot matter is an essential ingredient in modeling neutron stars and hydrodynamical simulations of astrophysical phenomena such as core-collapse supernova explosions, proto-neutron stars, and compact object mergers. In broad terms, two ma...
1,941,325,220,591
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} The author is supported by the German Research Foundation (SA \mbox{2864/1-1} and SA \mbox{2864/3-1}).
1,941,325,220,592
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} This project was supported in part by NSF CAREER AWARD 1942230, an IBM faculty award, a grant from Capital One, and a Simons Fellowship on Deep Learning Foundations. This work was supported through the IBM Global University Program Awards initiative. Authors thank Ritesh Soni, Steven Loscalzo...
1,941,325,220,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} \subsection{Overview} We continue the investigation of a model for soap films based on capillarity theory which was recently introduced by A. Scardicchio and the authors in \cite{maggiscardicchiostuvard,kms}. Soap films are usually modeled as minimal surfaces with a prescribed bou...
1,941,325,220,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro} The main theorem of a book by Cox~\cite{cox} is a beautiful criterion of the solvability of the diophantine equation $p=x^2+ny^2$. The specific statement is \thmus{ Let $n$ be a positive integer. Then there is a monic irreducible polynomial $f_n(x)\in\mathbb Z[x]$ of degree $h(-...
1,941,325,220,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A wealth of studies have explored the evolution of primordial circumstellar disks in star forming regions. These mostly focused on single systems, since they are easier to observe and, from a theoretical point of view, less complex than multiple systems and hence easier to model. However, 42\% o...
1,941,325,220,596
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}} \def\arabic{section}.{\arabic{section}.} \def\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}} \def#1}{} \def\FERMILABPub#1{\def#1}{#1}} \def\ps@headings{\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{} \def\@od...
1,941,325,220,597
arxiv
\section*{}
1,941,325,220,598
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a previous paper (M\'endez et al. 1993, in what follows MKCJ93) a procedure was described for the numerical simulation of the bright end of the planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF). The purpose was to model the PNLF in such a way as to make it possible to study the effects, on the obs...
1,941,325,220,599
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} This work is supported by the U.S. NSF grants DMR-0605696 and DMR-0611562, the DOE grant DE-FG02-06ER46305 (HW, DNS), and NSF MRSEC program, Grant No. DMR-0819860 (FDMH). We also thank the KITP for support through the NSF grant PHY05-51164.
1,941,325,220,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Commitment schemes are powerful cryptographic primitives. In a bit commitment scheme $\mathsf {Alice}$, the committer is supposed to commit a bit $b \in \{0,1\}$ to $\mathsf {Bob}$ in such a way that after the {\em commit phase} she cannot change her choice of the committed bit....
1,941,325,220,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many recent efforts seek to integrate renewable energy resources with the power grid to reduce the carbon footprint. The high variability associated with wind and solar power can be balanced using \glspl{der} providing ancillary services such as frequency regulation. Consequently, there is a gro...
1,941,325,220,602
arxiv
\section*{Introduction}\label{S:one} It was revealed by the works of Murthy \cite{Mur} and Griffin \cite{Gri} that the Curry-Howard isomorphism, {which establishes a correspondence between natural deduction style proofs in intuitionistic logic and terms of the typed $\lambda$-calculus}, can be extended to the case ...
1,941,325,220,603
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Hartshorne~\cite{hart-cdav,hart-as} pioneered the systematic study of the cohomological properties of pairs consisting of a projective scheme which is regular in a neighbourhood of a local complete intersection subscheme with ample normal bundle. Ample subvarieties of projective varieties were ...
1,941,325,220,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sc:Introduction} The traditional theory of enhanced $^1$H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) relaxation of water due to paramagnetic transition-metal ions and lanthanide ions in aqueous solutions originates from Solomon \cite{solomon:pr1955}, Bloembergen and Morgan \cite{bloembergen:jcp195...
1,941,325,220,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \emph{Linear rank-width} is a linear-type width parameter of graphs motivated by the rank-width of graphs~\cite{OumS06}. The \emph{vertex-minor} relation is a graph containment relation which was introduced by Bouchet~\cite{Bouchet1987a, Bouchet1987b, Bouchet88, Bouchet1988, Bouchet1989a} on h...
1,941,325,220,606
arxiv
\section{Sampling from the conditional Bernoulli distribution} \subsection{Problem statement} Let $x=(x_{1},\ldots,x{}_{N})$ be an $N$-vector in $\{0,1\}^{N}$, with sum $\sum_{n=1}^{N}x_{n}=I$. Let $(p_{1},\ldots,p_{N}) \in (0,1)^N$, and denote the associated ``odds'' by $w_{n}=p_{n}/(1-p_{n})$. Define the set $S_{z...
1,941,325,220,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The transverse momentum spectra of gauge bosons is well trodden territory. They are important for measurements of, \emph{e.g.}~ Higgs production, as well as the dynamics of QCD in Drell-Yan (DY) processes. There are calculations available at NNLL+NNLO accuracy using a variety o...
1,941,325,220,608
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Macroscopic behavior of scientific and societal systems results from the aggregation of microscopic behaviors of their constituent elements, but connecting the macroscopic with the microscopic in human behavior has traditionally been difficult. Manifestations of homophily, the notion that individual...
1,941,325,220,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \subsection{Background and outline of this paper} Let $G=(V,E)$ be a connected graph of bounded degree, and let $\lambda \in (0,\infty)$. The contact process $(\eta_t)$ on $G$ with parameter $\lambda$ is the continuous-time interacting particle system on $\set{0,1}^{V}$ wit...
1,941,325,220,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Despite the importance of vector bundles in geometry and topology, there are few explicit methods to produce them. On complex projective spaces, the simplest complex bundles to write down are sums of line bundles. Indecomposable bundles are difficult to describe explicitly, ...
1,941,325,220,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of shadowing plays an important role in the general qualitative theory of dynamical systems. In a dynamical system with the shadowing property we can fined an orbit which remains close to a numerical solution for a long time. So dynamical systems with the shadowing property behave nice...
1,941,325,220,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The European Union (EU) energy policy has considered energy efficiency as one of it its main targets \cite{dupont_defusing_2020}. By the Directive 2012/27/EU of 25 October 2012, the over arching goal is to accomplish the 2020 targets by the member states \cite{langsdorf20...
1,941,325,220,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quasiclassical methods, developed several years ago and used successfully to describe non-equilibrium states in superconductors and superfluids (see, e.g., \cite{schmid1975,larkin1976,eckern1981,eckern1981a}), have recently been extended to meso- and nanoscopic systems. This became possible afte...
1,941,325,220,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we study the fluctuations of the order parameter in an $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory within an effective model. Unlike the order parameter, these observables are finite and temperature dependent even in the confined phase, thus providing important diagnostic information about the mechanism ...
1,941,325,220,615
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We would like to thank Ben Sherman, Cambridge Yang, Eric Atkinson, Jesse Michel, Jonathan Frankle, Saman Amarasinghe, Ajay Brahmakshatriya, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF CCF-191...
1,941,325,220,616
arxiv
\subsection{An example of state attack against a power network} Consider the power network model analyzed in Example \ref{Example: power network structural analysis} and illustrated in Fig. \ref{power_network}, and let the variables $\theta_4$ and $\theta_5$ be affected, respectively, by the unknown and unmeasurable...
1,941,325,220,617
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{sec:int} Chaotic and stochastic systems have been extensively studied and the fundamental difference between them is well known: in a chaotic system an initial condition always leads to the same final state, following a fixed rule, while in a stochastic system, an initial condition leads ...
1,941,325,220,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The high-voltage nanosecond pulses are widely used in modern low-temperature plasma physics research and technology. At high pressures (of the order of $10^4-10^5$~Pa) they, e.g., provide ionization for fast plasma switches and pumping for powerful pulsed gas lasers \cite{KorMes}, or generate pla...
1,941,325,220,619
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Air pollution in the form of particulate matter is associated with negative health effects and is considered as the largest contributor to premature deaths worldwide \cite{kim2015review}\cite{wong2015satellite}\cite{rajak2020short}\cite{shehab2019effects}. According to the World Health Organiz...
1,941,325,220,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Video recordings collapse a moving three-dimensional world onto a two-dimensional screen. How do the projected two-dimensional images vary with time? This apparent two-dimensional motion is called {\em optical flow}. More precisely, the optical flow at a frame in a video is a ve...
1,941,325,220,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In his seminal paper \cite{G}, among many other results, Gromov gave a pretty combinatorial characterization of CAT(0) cubical complexes as simply connected cubical complexes in which the links of vertices are simplicial flag complexes. Based on this result, \cite{Ch_CAT,Rol} estab...
1,941,325,220,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent results in precision cosmology have created a number of puzzles. Among the unexplained phenomena are several apparent coincidences in which the energy density of two components are comparable despite having different redshift properties. Another is the existence of a negative pressure c...
1,941,325,220,623
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} In the last years a lot of attention has been paid to the discrete aspects of location theory and a large body of literature has been published on this topic \citep[see, e.g.,][]{Beasley85,ELP2004,EMPR2009,GLM2010,MNPV09,MNV2010,PRR2013,PT2005}. One of the reasons of this flouri...
1,941,325,220,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Photometric monitoring of Wolf-Rayet (W-R) binaries revealed that many of them display a shallow eclipse when the W-R star passes in front of its O-type companion (e.g.\ Lamontagne et al.\ \cite{lamontagne}). These so-called atmospheric eclipses arise when part of the light of the O-type companio...
1,941,325,220,625
arxiv
\section*{abstract} Urbanization leads to an increase of traffic in cities. The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) suggests to describe urban traffic at a zonal level, in order to measure and control traffic. However, for a proper estimation, all data needs to be available. The main question discussed in this paper ...
1,941,325,220,626
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Information} \section{Introduction}\label{SecIntro} This Supplementary Information document contains background information on the experimental methods and additional results followed by a discussion of the interaction potential calculation, for both undressed and dressed potentials. Towards the...
1,941,325,220,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Weyl semimetal possesses a pair of, or pairs of, nondegenerate Dirac cones with opposite chirality.~\cite{shindo,murakami,wan,yang,burkov1,burkov2,WK, delplace,halasz,sekine} The pair of Dirac cones can be nondegenerate if time-reversal symmetry or inversion symmetry is broken. The elec...
1,941,325,220,628
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} The interest of this study appeared to us during a discussion with Chris Vale at the BEC 2019 conference in Sant Feliu de Guixols. We also thank Hadrien Kurkjian for helpful remarks on calculating the density-density response function, even if he ultimately preferred to collaborate with other...
1,941,325,220,629
arxiv
\section{Non-stationary quantum walks on the cycle} Consider a non-oriented graph where all the $N$ nodes have the same degree $d$ and assume that, at each time step, a walker makes a choice, out of a set of $d$ elements, $ \{ 1,...,d \} $, a {\it (generalized) coin}, with probability $p_1,p_2,..., p_d$, respectively...
1,941,325,220,630
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The 6$\,$cm transition of formaldehyde (H$_2$CO, J$_{K_a K_c} = 1_{11} - 1_{10}$) was among the first molecular lines detected in the interstellar medium. This transition is ubiquitously observed in absorption against Galactic continuum sources (e.g., Araya et al. 2002) as well as against the...
1,941,325,220,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \medskip The class of affine semigroup rings is rich with examples that combine the flavors of convex geometry and commutative algebra. The structure of the semigroup ring $K[S]$ is intimately related to the structure of the affine semigroup $S$ and the cone $\ensuremath{\mathrm{pos}}(S)$ spa...
1,941,325,220,632
arxiv
\section{Data Set} \label{sec:dataset} The data used in this paper was collected by a project called Untrue.News: A search engine designed to find fake stories on the internet \cite{woloszyn2020untrue}. It uses an open-source web crawler for searching fake news. This web crawler is connected to a natural language proce...
1,941,325,220,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction and definitions} Arrowhead matrices and diagonal-plus-rank-one matrices arise in many applications and computations with such matrices are parts of many important linear algebra algorithms (for details see \cite{GV96, NEG14, JSB15}). We give unified formulas for matrix-vector multiplications, de...
1,941,325,220,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the pioneering work \cite{DHKK}, Dimitrov--Haiden--Katzarkov--Kontsevich introduced the notion of categorical entropy of an endofunctor on a triangulated category with a split generator. A typical example of such triangulated category is given by the bounded derived category $\mathcal{D}^b(X)...
1,941,325,220,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been a lot of interest in the effects of thermal fluctuations on the behaviour of flux-lines ever since the discovery of the high-$T_c$ superconductors. The high temperatures and fields at which these new materials remain in the mixed state, and their small coherence lengths, mean that...
1,941,325,220,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:typesetting-summary} Integer programs (IPs) whose constraint matrix has a special block structure have received a considerable attention in recent years. As an important subclass of the general IP, it finds applications in a variety of optimization problems including scheduling~\cite{c...
1,941,325,220,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been known for some time now that Supersymmetric [SUSY] Grand Unified Theories [GUTs]\cite{DRW} $\bullet$ suppress the non-SUSY GUT prediction for proton decay, via heavy gauge boson exchange, by increasing the GUT scale, and $\bullet$ lead to a 10\% increase (for one pair of Higgs do...
1,941,325,220,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With rapid advances in quantum computing, it is becoming a critical technology attracting significant investment at the global level. In terms of quantum hardware development, IBM is one of the leading companies with the world's most powerful 127-qubit quantum computer based on superconducting te...
1,941,325,220,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} When modelling complex systems, we often have to decide between two contrasting approaches: whether we focus on the behavior of the individuals that constitute the system, or on the aggregate behavior in the large. Furthermore, there is usually a trade-off between realism and tract...
1,941,325,220,640
arxiv
1,941,325,220,641
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} In this work a new approach to solving the problem in~\cite{Chooz99} was proposed. The precision of the sample mean estimator was calculated analytically for the offset exponential and normal distributions both for a finite sample and for limiting cases. Even though the original applied probl...
1,941,325,220,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In~\cite[Lemma~2.39]{AVV-Expos-89}, the following result was obtained: The function \begin{equation} \frac1x\ln\Gamma\biggl(1+\frac{x}2\biggr) \end{equation} is strictly increasing from $[2,\infty)$ onto $[0,\infty)$ and \begin{equation}\label{avv-89-funct} \lim_{x\to\infty}\biggl[\frac1...
1,941,325,220,643
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Detection and further experimental reconfirmation of current cosmic acceleration pose to cosmology a fundamental task of identifying and revealing the cause of such phenomenon. In light of this cosmological models with spinor field being the source of gravitational field attracts widespread int...
1,941,325,220,644
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider fully-discrete approximations to the equations of motion arising in the Oldroyd fluids (see Oldroyd\cite{Old}, Oskolkov\cite{Os89}) of order one: \begin{eqnarray}\label{om ~~\frac {\partial {\bf u}}{\partial t}+{\bf u}\cdot\nabla{\bf u}-\mu\Delta{\bf u}-\int_0^t \beta ...
1,941,325,220,645
arxiv
\section{Introduction} $\mu$ Orionis (61 Ori, HR 2124, HIP 28614, HD 40932) is a quadruple star system that has been extensively studied by radial velocity (RV) and differential astrometry. It is located just North of Betelgeuse, Orion's right shoulder (left on the sky); $\mu$ Ori is a bright star that is visible ...
1,941,325,220,646
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} \label{sec:conclusion} This paper empirically investigates the issues, causes, and solutions of microservices systems by employing a mixed-methods approach. Our study collected data from 2,641 issues from the issue tracking systems of 15 open-source microservices systems on GitHub, 15 interviews ...
1,941,325,220,647
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} \noindent{\it Acknowledgments:} We thank Jonah Bernhard, Gabriel Denicol, Scott Moreland, Scott Pratt and Derek Teaney for useful discussions, and Richard J. Furnstahl and Xilin Zhang for their insights on Bayesian Inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo. This work was supported in part by ...
1,941,325,220,648
arxiv
\section[]{Computing the contribution from different gas sources}\label{GasSourcesContribution} The equations governing the mass exchange between stars (${M}_{\star}$), gas in the disk (${M}_{\rm g}$), ejected mass from the disk (${M}_{\rm eject}$) and the hot halo (${M}_{\rm hot}$) are as follows: \begin{eqnarray}...
1,941,325,220,649
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several experiments from solar to atmospheric neutrinos and laboratory oscillation experiments \cite{cald98} indicate that neutrinos oscillate and leptonic flavors are not conserved. This is in contrast with the minimal standard model (SM). It is quite possible that the energy scale of breaking ...
1,941,325,220,650
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A considerable enhancement in molecular deuteration is observed towards the early stages of star formation. Despite the cosmic deuterium abundance relative to hydrogen being $\sim$1.5$\times$10$^{-5}$ \citep{linsky03}, the abundances of deuterated molecules relative to the correspondent main spe...
1,941,325,220,651
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This lecture is concerned with the three questions raised by the Mayor of Toledo at the reception held during this conference: {\bf ?`De d\'onde venimos?} Namely, what is the origin of the structure we see in the Universe? {\bf ?`Qu\'e somos?} Namely, what is the nature of the Dark Matter ...
1,941,325,220,652
arxiv
\section{Introduction ($\lambda$-symmetries)} Let me briefly recall for the reader's convenience the basic definition of $\lambda$-symmetry (with lower case $\lambda$), originally introduced by C. Muriel and J.L. Romero in 2001 \cite{Cic:MR1,Cic:MR2}. Let me consider the simplest case of a single ODE $\Delta(t,u(...
1,941,325,220,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mkn421 is a bright, nearby ($z$=0.03) BL Lac object classified as HBL (High energy peaked BL Lac, Padovani \& Giommi 1996) since its Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) peaks (in a $\nu f(\nu)~vs~\nu$ representation) in the UV/X-rays. Mkn421 is one of a few extragalactic objects (with Mkn501, 1E...
1,941,325,220,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{U}{nmanned} vehicles such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have been widely adopted in industrial applications due to reduced safety hazard for human and potential cost saving \cite{doi:10.1142/...
1,941,325,220,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is rather trivial for a human to follow the instruction \textit{``Walk beside the outside doors and behind the chairs across the room. Turn right and walk up the stairs...''}, but teaching robots to navigate with such instructions is a very challenging task. The complexities arise from not jus...
1,941,325,220,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The characterization of the behavior of a passive but diffusing scalar advected by a prescribed, smooth velocity field has been the subject of intensive research going back at least as far as Batchelor \cite{Batchelor:1959}. Above and beyond the obvious practical importance in applications rang...
1,941,325,220,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Supernovae (SNe) are the result of several different kinds of explosions from different stellar progenitor systems. Separating SNe into different classes (or ``types'') has existed for over 70 years \citep{Minkowski41}. Despite the recent discovery of several new varieties of SN...
1,941,325,220,658
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Galaxy interactions and mergers are thought to play an important role in galaxy evolution, impacting their morphologies, gas kinematics, and star formation rates \citep{toom72, sand88, barn96, cons06}. Cold dark matter models predict that galaxies have accreted their mass through hierarchic...
1,941,325,220,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secI} Dynamic earthquake slip processes are frictional slips inside the Earth. They show various qualitatively different behaviors, and discontinuous transitions between them are widely observed. For example, several earthquakes show pulse-like slips, whereas some generate crack-like slips...
1,941,325,220,660
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider {\em hyperbolic polynomials (HPs)}, i.e. real univariate polynomials with all roots real. We assume the leading coefficient to be positive and all coefficients to be nonvanishing. The Descartes' rule of signs applied to such a degree $d$ HP with $c$ sign changes and $p$ sign preserv...
1,941,325,220,661
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, in a number of papers \cite{aref1,remb4,remb2,remb3,brzez1,ubr1,schw1,cab1} it was considered a variety of models realising the ideas of quantization of space-time and phase-space by means of the non-commutative geometry and quantum group theory methods. In particular in \cite{aref1} i...
1,941,325,220,662
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} An intriguing open problem in the theory of stationary axisymmetric vacuum black holes is that of existence of regular solutions with disconnected components. Key progress on this was made recently by Hennig and Neugebauer~\cite{HennigNeugebauer3} (see also~\cite{Neuge...
1,941,325,220,663
arxiv
\section{Strange Matter and Hypermatter} Relativistic heavy ion collisions provide a promising tool for studying the physics of strange quark and strange hadronic matter (see recent review \cite{SM96}). Fig.~\ref{fig:grei1} shows schematically the phase diagram of hot, dense and strange matter. Perhaps the only un...
1,941,325,220,664
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} L.M. acknowledges CINECA under the ISCRA initiative for providing high performance computational resources employed in this work. M.C. thanks GENCI for providing computational resources under the grant number 0906493, the Grands Challenge DARI for allowing calculations on the Joliot-Curie R...
1,941,325,220,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\it IJCAI--22 Proceedings} will be printed from electronic manuscripts submitted by the authors. These must be PDF ({\em Portable Document Format}) files formatted for 8-1/2$''$ $\times$ 11$''$ paper. \subsection{Length of Papers} All paper {\em submissions} must have a maximum of six pag...
1,941,325,220,666
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep Reinforcement Learning algorithms aim to learn a policy of an agent to maximize its cumulative rewards by interacting with environments and have demonstrated substantial success in a wide range of application domains, such as video game ~\cite{mnih2015human}, board games~\cite{silver201...
1,941,325,220,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} There is a curious uplink-downlink duality between the Gaussian multiple-access channel with a multiple-antenna receiver and the Gaussian broadcast channel with a multiple-antenna transmitter --- under the same total power constraint, the uplink and downlink achievable ra...
1,941,325,220,668
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The flux of high-energy protons arriving at 1\,AU is associated with an energy release in a solar eruptive event and/or with the consecutive acceleration via a coronal mass ejection (CME). Solar Proton Events (SPE) or Ground Level Enhancements (GLE), are observed directly over a long time, most ...
1,941,325,220,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measurements of the photon momentum in a dispersive medium is of conceptual and practical importance. Such kind of studies are currently used in quantum metrology, in particular, to determine the ratio $h/m$~\cite{Weiss1993,Battesti2004,Cog2005}, where $h$ and $m$ are the Plank's constant and t...
1,941,325,220,670
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} \textbf{Li}ght \textbf{D}etection \textbf{A}nd \textbf{R}anging (LiDAR) (aka laser based radar) systems are a rising sensory capability with applications to many real-world interactive systems. From 3D mapping for augmented reality, urban planning, agriculture, autonomous navi...
1,941,325,220,671
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Weak gravitational lensing by the large-scale structure of the Universe has now become a major tool of cosmology~\cite{revuesWL}, used to study questions ranging from the distribution of dark matter to tests of general relativity~\cite{testGR}. The standard lore~\cite{refbooks,stebbins} states t...
1,941,325,220,672
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Definition of the groups} \label{section intro} We denote by $\Sigma_{g,1}$ the orientable surface of genus $g$ with one boundary component, and by $\Gamma_{g,1}=\pi_0(\operatorname{Diff}_{\partial}(W_{g,1}))$ its \textit{mapping class group}, defined to be the group of isotopy class...
1,941,325,220,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Maximum cut}\label{sec:maximumcut} Given an undirected (edge-)weighted graph $G = (V,E,\omega)$, a cut $V_{-1}|V_1$ is a partition of the node set $V$ into two disjoint subsets $V_{-1}$ and $V_1$. The size of a cut $C=V_{-1}|V_1$, denoted by $s(C)$, is the sum of all the weights cor...
1,941,325,220,674
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a semisimple Lie group and $\mathcal{X}$ the associated symmetric space of dimension $n$. Let $M$ be a connected, orientable, aspherical, tame manifold of the same dimension as $\mathcal{X}$. First assume that $M$ is compact. To each representation $\rho :\pi_1(M) \rightarrow G$, one...
1,941,325,220,675
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past decade, with the widespread adoption of consumer-friendly and affordable hardware, Virtual Reality (VR) has gained a larger role in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) community. Studies suggest that immersive environments - which are not limited to visual immersion ...
1,941,325,220,676
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} There are many searches for new physics being done at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) but for the moment only a scalar particle that resembles the last missing piece of the Standard Model (SM) has been discovered, the Higgs~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa}. The fact that no cl...
1,941,325,220,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\sigma:U \rightarrow [n]$ be a permutation of elements of an $n$-set $U$. For two disjoint subsets $A,B$ of $U$, we say $A \prec_{\sigma} B$ when every element of $A$ precedes every element of $B$ in $\sigma$, i.e., $\sigma(a) < \sigma(b), \forall (a,b) \in A \times B$. Otherwise, we say ...
1,941,325,220,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concepts of market liquidity, price impact, information asymmetry and adverse selection have always been at the center of market microstructure research. The seminal paper by Kyle \cite{kyle85} made connections between all these concepts in a simple and tractable framework and became a corn...
1,941,325,220,679
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Studying the large-scale environments of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) is important for understanding the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and how they coevolve with their host galaxies \citep[e.g.,][]{Kormendy:2013}. Clustering is a powerful tool in statistically determining the typica...
1,941,325,220,680
arxiv
\section{Background} Experiments designed to study the effect of electric current on domain wall motion in magnetic nanowires show that domain walls move over large distances with a velocity proportional to the applied current.\cite{Koo:2002,Tsoi:2003,Klaui:2003,Grollier:2003,Vernier:2004,Yamaguchi:2004,Lim:2004,Klaui...
1,941,325,220,681
arxiv
\section{Coulomb gauge at leading order} The first part of this talk concerns the construction of a leading order truncation to the Dyson-Schwinger equations of Coulomb gauge QCD \cite{Watson:2011kv}. Let us begin by considering the following (standard) functional integral \begin{equation} Z=\int{\cal D}\Phi e^{\imat...
1,941,325,220,682
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The antinomy of two equally justified principles makes the essence of tragedy in literature (Hegel). In the same way, the competition of ordering principles in complex systems adds a new enthralling element to their macroscopic phenomenology. The purest manifestation of this interplay is two ei...
1,941,325,220,683
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} The work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF CNS--1822848 and NSF DGE--2039610). Portions of this work were conducted with the advanced computing resources provided by Texas A\&M High Performance Research Computing. \bibliographystyle{unsrt} \section{DETERREN...
1,941,325,220,684
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Black hole physics has entered a new era since the detection of the gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo~\cite{Collaboration2016} and the first picture of a supermassive black hole at the center of galaxy M8...
1,941,325,220,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent decades, Lorentz invariance has been experimentally reaffirmed to increasingly high precision \cite{kostelecky_data_2011}. Nevertheless, the breakdown in the structure of space-time eventuated by many theories of quantum gravity \cite{garay_quantum_1995,magueijo_lorentz_2002,collins_lo...
1,941,325,220,686
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum speed limit describes the maximal evolution speed of a quantum system from an initial state to a target state, which has been found applications in the fields of quantum computation \cite{lloyd1999ultimate}, quantum thermodynamics \cite{PhysRevLett.105.170402}, quantum metrology \cite{...
1,941,325,220,687
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE$_\kappa$) is a family of random planar fractal curves indexed by the real parameter $\kappa\geq 0$, introduced by Schramm in \cite{schramm2000scaling}. These random fractal curves are proved to describe scaling limits of a number of discrete models that are of g...