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1,314,259,993,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introsec} The characterisation of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) -- the sites of nearly all star formation activity in the local Universe -- is an important step towards understanding how stars are born. Molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) is the most abundant molecule in the interstellar medium (...
1,314,259,993,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{} Far-forward calorimetry, covering the region between 5 and 50 milliradians from the on-energy beam axis, is envisioned as a component of both the ILD~\cite{ref:ILD_DBD} and SiD~\cite{ref:SiD_DBD} detector concepts for the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC). The BeamCal tungste...
1,314,259,993,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{W}{ireless} multi-hop networks, in various forms, e.g. wireless sensor networks, underwater networks, vehicular networks, mesh networks and unmanned aerial vehicle formations, and under various names, e.g. ad-hoc networks, hybrid networks, delay tolerant net...
1,314,259,993,666
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The story begins by considering power series of the form given in \eqref{eq:perf1} with coefficients in the perfectoid field $K$ denoted by $K\lr{X}_\infty$. Perfectoid fields are defined in \cite{scholze_1} and most foundational details can found in \cite{Kiran_AWS}. \begin{equation}\label{eq:p...
1,314,259,993,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The motion of charged particles accelerated across a gap is of wide interest in fields such as high power diodes and vacuum microelectronics. Child and Langmuir first studied the space charge limited emission for two infinite parallel plane electrodes at fixed voltage $V_0$ in vacuum separat...
1,314,259,993,668
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classical and widely studied {\em sphere packing problem} asks for a non-overlapping arrangement of equally sized spheres in a Euclidean space, such that the fraction of space covered by spheres is maximized. The problem arose from the arithmetical study of positive definite quadratic f...
1,314,259,993,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In deep reinforcement learning, building policies of high-quality is challenging when the feature space of states is small and the training data is limited. In many real-world applications, however, datasets from clients are often privacy sensitive \cite{DBLP:conf/nips/DuchiJW12} and it is often ...
1,314,259,993,670
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Moving groups (MGs) or dynamic streams are stars that share the same velocity components but have no spatial or overdensity center discernible from the field stars. MGs are often called kinematic structures since the stars that belong to these streams have the same motion. The concept of MGs or...
1,314,259,993,671
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Extremely rapid growth in the number of known transiting planets, thanks in large part to the Kepler and K2 missions \citep[e.g.][]{Batalha2013, Thompson2018, Crossfield2016, Kruse_2019}, has enabled population-level studies based on bulk properties like orbital period and size. One of the stri...
1,314,259,993,672
arxiv
\chapter*{} \textit{To my parents.} \includepdf{blank} \includepdf{abstract-EN} \includepdf{blank} \includepdf{abstract-FR} \chapter*{Preface.\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{Preface.}} {This manuscript summarises the research conducted during my Ph.D. studies, from October 2015 to September 2018, under the supervision of ...
1,314,259,993,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \begin{change}Multi-tier distributed systems are systems composed of several distributed nodes organized in layered tiers. Each tier implements a set of conceptually homogeneous functionalities that provides services to the tier above in the layered structure, while usin...
1,314,259,993,674
arxiv
\section{Summary and conclusions} We have shown that magnetohydrodynamic waves such as those found in stellar atmospheres present phase singularities or dislocations, in a similar way as previously found for sound and electromagnetic waves. In the simplified case of an isothermal atmosphere both Alfv\'en and ma...
1,314,259,993,675
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}} Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) \citep{goodfellow2014generative} are successful in synthesizing high fidelity real images, such as face. A GAN consists of two key competing components, i.e., a generator part and a discriminator part. The generator network learns to ...
1,314,259,993,676
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{INTRO} \color{black} In Western Countries, cardiovascular related diseases represent nowadays the first cause of death in the adult population \cite{MB_heart}. Non-invasive experimental techniques, such as phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) and computational tomography (CT)...
1,314,259,993,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In computational complexity theory, many hard still open questions concern relationships between complexity classes that are expected to be quite small in comparison to the mainstream complexity class $\PTIME$ of tractable languages. One of the smallest such classes is $\NC[1]$, the class of lang...
1,314,259,993,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In the pursuit of ubiquitous brain-inspired intelligence envisioned in the future 6G networks \cite{KLetaif19_6G}, recent years have witnessed the spreading of {\it artificial intelligence} (AI) algorithms from the cloud to the network edge, resulting in an active area called ed...
1,314,259,993,679
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Numerical simulations have shown that the very first stars invariably formed in isolation and were much more massive than the sun, due mainly to the inability of primordial gas to efficiently cool at low temperatures \citep{2002Sci...295...93A,2002ApJ...564...23B,2006ApJ...652....6Y}. \cite...
1,314,259,993,680
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Estimating 3D geometry from data~\cite{HZ-2003,schoenberger2016sfm,snavely2008modeling} in one or more images is a reoccuring problem in subjects like computer vision, robotics, and photogrammetry. The exact formulations of these problems vary considerably, depending on factors like the model o...
1,314,259,993,681
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} We have shown that it is possible for an attacker, with modest resources, to determine the current IP address of identified and targeted Skype user (if the user is currently active). It may be possible to do this for other real-time communication applications that also send ...
1,314,259,993,682
arxiv
\section{\protect\bigskip Introduction} In the recent paper \cite{holcc} complementarity between output and environment of a quantum channel (or, more generally, CP map) was explored in detail. It was observed that the output purity characteristics for mutually complementary CP maps coincide, making the validity of th...
1,314,259,993,683
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Space exploration has triggered major progress in our understanding of comets beginning in March 1986 with the exploration of comet 1P/Halley by an armada of missions including the ESA Giotto mission (Reinhard and Battrick, 1986). With the arrival of the ESA Rosetta mission at the comet 67P/Chur...
1,314,259,993,684
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Let $S^{n-1} := \{(x_{1},\dots, x_{n}) \in \mathbb R^{n} : x^{2}_{1} + \cdots + x^{2}_{n} = 1\}$ denote the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^{n}$, $n\geq 2$. This submanifold inherits a surface measure, denoted by $\sigma_{n-1}$. We define the \emph{Fourier transform} of a mea...
1,314,259,993,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of novel organic molecules has wide applications in many appliations such as drug design and catalysis development\cite{meyers2021novo}. However, due to the sophisticated structure-property relationships, traditional rational design approaches have only covered an extremely limit...
1,314,259,993,686
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Processes with jets remain one of the most important tools used to study Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at hadron colliders, in particular at the LHC~\cite{Salam:2009jx, Sapeta:2015gee} and future Electron Ion Collider~(EIC)~\cite{Accardi:2012qut,Li:2020rqj,Arratia:2019vju...
1,314,259,993,687
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@} {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex} {2.3ex \@plus.2ex} {\boldmath\normalfont\Large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@} {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex} {1.5ex \@plus .2ex} {\boldmath\normalfont\large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsubsecti...
1,314,259,993,688
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sect1} Classical Be stars, most commonly known as Be stars are very rapidly rotating main sequence B-type stars, which through a constrained process, form an outwardly diffusing gaseous, dust-free Keplerian disk \citep{rivinius2013}. This disk is formed from the material ejected from the...
1,314,259,993,689
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently there has been a lot of interest in inverse problems for Maxwell's equations in Euclidean domains in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and on compact Riemannian manifolds, see \cite{CarOlaSalo, KenSalUhl, KurLass06, KurLasSom06, OlaPaiSom1993, OlaPaiSom2003, OlaSom1996}. In a smooth bounded domain $M\sub...
1,314,259,993,690
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Information theoretic studies of phase transitions are, by now, well established. The underlying idea here is geometric in nature, and rests on the definition of a Riemannian metric tensor on the space of parameters (called parameter manifold) of a system. Depending on whether the interactions o...
1,314,259,993,691
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Erd\H os and Hajnal observed, in \cite{EH1}, that if a graph $G$ establishes ${\omega}_1{\not\makebox[-7pt]{}\rightarrow} \bigl(({\omega},{{\omega}_1})\bigr)^2_2$ then $G$ is universal for countable graphs, i.e., every countable graph is isomorphic to a spanned subgraph of $G$. This resu...
1,314,259,993,692
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the pioneer paper of Zamolodchikov \cite{W3}, a lot of extended nonlinear conformal algebras (the $W$-type algebras) have been constructed and studied (see, e.g., \cite{BS} and references therein). The growing interest to this subject is motivated by many interesting applications of nonlin...
1,314,259,993,693
arxiv
\section{#1}\mb{0.5cm}} \newcommand{\h}{\frac{1}{2}} \newcommand{\ra}{\rightarrow} \newcommand{\la}{\leftarrow} \newcommand{\ep}{$e^+e^-\ra\pi^+\pi^-\;$} \newcommand{\epp}{$e^+e^-\ra\pi^+\pi^0\pi^-\;$} \def\mathunderaccent#1{\let\theaccent#1\mathpalette\putaccentunder} \def\putaccentunder#1#2{\oalign{$#1#2$\crcr\hidewi...
1,314,259,993,694
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study the positive solutions (`ground states') to some semi-linear elliptic equations in $\R^d$ of the general form \begin{equation}\label{nleq} \boxed{\Delta u +g(u)=0\qquad \text{ in $\R^d$ with $d\geq2$},} \end{equation} where $\Delta u=\sum_{i=1}^d\partial^2_{x_i}u$ is the ...
1,314,259,993,695
arxiv
\section{Introduction and the main result}\label{sectIntro} The one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class~\cite{KPZ86} of stochastic growth models has received a lot of attention in recent years, see e.g.~the surveys and lecture notes~\cite{FS10,Cor11,QS15,BG12,Qua11,Fer10b,Tak16,Zyg18}. Two of the m...
1,314,259,993,696
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $R$ be a commutative ring. It is well known the prime ideals or $R$ classify the homomorphisms from $R$ to division rings. Indeed, for any prime ideal $P$ of $R$, we obtain a homomorphism from $R$ to a division ring via the natural homomorphism $R\rightarrow Q(R/P)$, where $Q(R/P)$ d...
1,314,259,993,697
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The uniqueness theorem states that all black hole solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equation of gravitation and electromagnetism can be completely characterized by only three parameters: mass, electric charge, and angular momentum \cite{Chrusciel:2012jk,Herdeiro:2015waa}. As ...
1,314,259,993,698
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The discovery of the $125$~GeV Higgs boson at the LHC~\cite{Aad:2012tfa, Chatrchyan:2012xdj} exemplifies the success of the Standard Model (SM). Considering the experimental precision, possibilities of physics beyond the SM (BSM) are not excluded yet, however, given the null re...
1,314,259,993,699
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Besides being the most reactive lanthanide, the rare earth (RE) element Eu stands out in forming many intermetallic compounds in a divalent state, i.\,e. having a valence of nearly +2. According to Hund's rule Eu$^{2+}$ (4f$^7$) has a strong magnetic moment connected to localized 4f-electrons, wh...
1,314,259,993,700
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \renewcommand{B.\arabic{equation}}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \def\Fus#1#2#3#4#5#6{ F_{#5#6}\left[ \begin{array} [c]{cc}% #3 & #2\\ #4 & #1% \end{array} \right]} \begin{document} \begin{titlepage} \thispagestyle{empty} \begin{flushright} UT-07-09\\ hep-th/0702221\\ \end{flushr...
1,314,259,993,701
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation histories of early-type galaxies remains a controversial and often-debated topic in modern astrophysics. The bulk of the past effort on early-type systems has focussed, almost exclusively, on their \emph{optical} properties. The optical colours of the early-type population are predo...
1,314,259,993,702
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea that the light and fragile elements Li, Be and B are produced by the interaction of the energetic nuclei of galactic cosmic rays (CGR) with the nuclei of the interstellar medium (ISM) was introduced 40 years ago (Reeves et al. 1970, Meneguzzi et al. 1971, hereafter MAR). In those early ...
1,314,259,993,703
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Variability in ultra-cool dwarfs (spectral types $>$ M7; \citealt{Kirkpatrick1997}) is caused by large-scale atmospheric structures, such as spots or longitudinal bands \citep{Artigau2009,Radigan2014a,Apai2017}. As inhomogenities rotate in and out of view, they change the ...
1,314,259,993,704
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \bigskip The behaviour of the classical cardinal invariants in the Cicho\'n diagram is very well described. See e.g.~the monograph \cite{BJ} for definitions and details. We also follow the terminology of \cite{BJ} throughout the paper. The invariant we are interested in is \emph{$\...
1,314,259,993,705
arxiv
\section{Introduction to replicable functions} We assume familiarity with the notation and contents of \cite{ACMS92}, \cite{ConNor79}, \cite{ForMcKNor94} and \cite{McK01}. Replicable functions are definable in terms of a generalized Hecke operator or by constraints on their coefficients, see \cite{Nor84}. Each such ...
1,314,259,993,706
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two sets of gauge-theoretic equations that we consider in this article originated in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang--Mills theory in Theoretical Physics; they appear after {\it topological twists} of the theory. However, we introduce these equations as 4-dimensional analogues of Hitchin's equ...
1,314,259,993,707
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we consider a matrix model of strength distributions. Although the approach may seem somewhat abstract we should note that the ideas came from very concrete calculations, especially calculations of magnetic dipole transitions. An early experiment by Bohle et al. {[}1{]} which found ...
1,314,259,993,708
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{SectionI} Consider communication over a discrete-time memoryless channel modeled by a conditional point mass function (PMF) or probability density function (PDF) $p_{Y|X}(y|x)$, where $x\in X$ and $y\in Y$ are the input and output symbols, $X$ and $Y$ are the input and output alphabets, re...
1,314,259,993,709
arxiv
\section{Introduction} DNA-based data storage has been a hot topic in information theory society. As deletion/insertion are common in DNA data storage \cite{Heckel20}, codes correcting such errors have attracted significant attention in recent years. It was proved in \cite{Levenshtein65} that the optimal redun...
1,314,259,993,710
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Origin of mass is highly related to the mechanism involved in electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB), which is believed to give masses to matters and gauge bosons. The simplest implementation of EWSB in the standard model (SM) is to introduce a Higgs doublet field \cite{Higgs:1964pj,Englert:1964e...
1,314,259,993,711
arxiv
\section{Introduction.}\label{intro} \section{Introduction} Derivative pricing with Fourier transforms was first investigated by \cite{heston1993closed}. \cite{Carr1999} published the first method with both the characteristic function and the payoff in the Fourier domain. \cite{fang2008novel,Fang2009pricing} devised ...
1,314,259,993,712
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{\bf Motivation of the work.} Since the 1970s, researchers in several fields have used social network analysis to investigate interpersonal social relationships, communication networks, scientific paper co-authorships and citations, patterns in protein interaction, and so on \cite{Gol...
1,314,259,993,713
arxiv
\section{Methodology}\label{sec:Methodology} \subsection{Preliminaries} \subsubsection{Problem statement} The goal is to develop a RL based approach that provides a high rate of successful UAV landings on a horizontally moving platform. A landing trial is considered successful if the UAV touches down on the surface ...
1,314,259,993,714
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The detection of galaxies at large redshifts that are forming stars for the first time, the so--called primeval galaxies, remains a very important astrophysical challenge. Bearing in mind that galaxy formation may not be assigned to any preferential cosmological epoch but instead is probably a ...
1,314,259,993,715
arxiv
\section{Background} Researchers and government officials are often interested in characteristics of human populations for which there are no practicable sampling frames for direct sampling. In some such hidden populations, members are connected through social networks. A common approach is to collect a sample using ...
1,314,259,993,716
arxiv
\section{Program summary} \noindent \textbf{Program Title:} GFCCLib \noindent \textbf{Program Files doi:} 10.24433/CO.5131827.v1 \noindent \textbf{Licensing provisions:} MIT License \noindent \textbf{Programming language:} C++ \noindent \textbf{Nature of problem:} The applications of coupled cluster Green's functi...
1,314,259,993,717
arxiv
\section{Invariant verification} \label{sec:reachalgo} A subproblem for invariant verification is to compute $\reachtube{\H}$, or more specifically, the reachtubes for the set of trajectories $\TL$ in a given mode, up to a time bound. This is a difficult problem, even when $\TL$ is generated by white-box models. The a...
1,314,259,993,718
arxiv
1,314,259,993,719
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In the search for near-conformal composite Higgs theories, non-perturbative lattice determinations of the beta function of the renormalized gauge coupling have played a crucial role. The recent development of the gradient flow~\cite{Luscher:2010iy,Narayanan:2006rf,Lohmayer:2011si,...
1,314,259,993,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the study of symmetric tensors $T$ of type $(n+1)\times\dots\times (n+1)$ ($d$ times), which can be identified with polynomial forms of degree $d$ in $n+1$ variables, one of the main aspects concerns their Waring decompositions, i.e. decompositions of type $T=L_1^d+\dots+L_r^d$, where each $L_...
1,314,259,993,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We present a method to estimate the mass of a dark matter halo from the dynamical status of its satellite galaxies. In the framework of hierarchical structure formation based on the concordance cold dark matter ($\Lambda\mathrm{CDM}$) cosmology, the mass of a dark matter halo i...
1,314,259,993,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} There are many solid state materials which are one - dimensional and metallic at room temperature. Due to the coupling of the electrons to the underlying lattice the metallic state in these materials is usually not stable, leading to a phase transition into a charge modulated sta...
1,314,259,993,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{theorem}{0} \numberwithin{theorem}{section} Recently Chudnovsky, Kim, Oum, and Seymour established that any prime graph contains one of a short list of induced prime subgraphs \cite{CKOS}. A module of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a set of vertices $X\subseteq V$ such that any vertex $v\in V...
1,314,259,993,724
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Fashion plays an important role in the society. People use fashion as a way of expressing individuality, style, culture, wealth, and status \cite{chao2009framework}. E-commerce fashion industry is expected to rise worldwide from \$481 billion USD revenue market in 2018 ...
1,314,259,993,725
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction} In this article we study a model which is a special instance of a more general class of random interfaces. Random interfaces are fields $\phi=(\phi_{x})_{x\in\Z^{d}}$, whose distribution is specified by a probability measure on $\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{Z}^{d}}$, $d\ge1$. The density is given in t...
1,314,259,993,726
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Ultrafast electronic dynamics of solid-state materials, particularly under light excitation, are of great interests both fundamentally and practically due to the wide applications of optoelectronic devices, such as transistors, photovoltaics, or photodetectors. While conventional semiconductor-...
1,314,259,993,727
arxiv
\subsubsection*{Acknowledgements}} \long\def\longthanks#1{\subsubsection*{Acknowledgements} #1}% \def\enddoc@text{} \def\@makePagedeGarde{% \ifcdr@pagedegarde {\makeatletter\input{CR-pagedegarde}}% \newpage\ifcdr@HTML\pagecolor{white}\else\gdef\GPT@pageliteral{}\fi\fi} \ifcdr@sommaire \let\cdr@postabstracthook\@emp...
1,314,259,993,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of interacting bosons under rotation is a fundamental and rich problem: for weak rotation and weak interactions, one finds a rich array of vortex phases, whereas at strong rotation and strong interactions, one obtains bosonic analogues of the fractional quantum Hall effect \cite{Cooper...
1,314,259,993,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a population evolving according to a branching process $\cZ'$. In addition to reproduction events, global events called disasters occur at some random times (independent of $\cZ'$) that kill off every individual alive with probability $1-p\in(0,1)$, independently of each other. The ...
1,314,259,993,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} General Relativity (GR) is one of pillars of modern physics. It has been confirmed by many kinds of observation, e.g., the precession of Mercury's orbit \cite{Clemenc:1947}, gravitational time dilation \cite{Schwartz:1977,Uggerhoj:2016} and, recently, gravitational waves \cite{Abbott:2016blz}. ...
1,314,259,993,731
arxiv
\section{Digital feedback control in quantum computing} Moving from proof-of-principle demonstrations of quantum gates and algorithms to fully fledged quantum hardware requires closing the loop between qubit measurement and control. There are different categories of quantum feedback control, depending on the type of ...
1,314,259,993,732
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automated Planning has traditionally been one of the most widely used techniques in AI and has been successfully applied in real-world applications \cite{castillo2008samap,fdez2019personalized}. However, in order to integrate it into online execution systems, i.e., systems used in real-time scen...
1,314,259,993,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Metallic nanoparticles, in particular those of Au, are key components of modern nanotechnology, mainly owing to their catalytic and plasmonic properties\cite{Atwater2010,Kim2019,Gelle2020}. As it is the case with most materials at the nanoscale, these properties have strong size dependence, sinc...
1,314,259,993,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} \object{Vela X-1} (4U\,0900$-$40) is an eclipsing high mass X-ray binary (HMXB) consisting of the B0.5Ib super giant \object{HD\,77581} and a neutron star with an orbital period of 8.964\,days \citep{kerkwijk95a} at a distance of $\sim$2.0\,kpc \citep{nagase89a}. The optical co...
1,314,259,993,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, G.\ Tabuada proposed a series of noncommutative counterparts of the celebrated conjectures, for example, Grothendieck standard conjecture of type $\mathsf{C}$ and type $\mathsf{D}$, Voevodsky nilpotence conjecture, Tate conjecture, Weil conjecture, and so on. After proposing the noncom...
1,314,259,993,736
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A common task in molecular simulation is ensuring that observables of the simulation match experimentally measured values. For example, in simulations of protein structure\cite{Lindorff-Larsen2010} or liquids\cite{Shivakumar2010}, quantitative agreement with experiments is the standard for asses...
1,314,259,993,737
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} With its ability to probe generic many-body excitations, Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool for understanding strongly correlated electronic systems, including the Mott insulators.\cite{Devereaux:RMP:2007} Unfortunately, in Raman spectroscopy the photon momenta a...
1,314,259,993,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The distance scale to globular clusters is of great interest for two principal reasons. Firstly, the best estimates for the absolute ages of globular clusters require that the distance to the clusters be known (e.g.\ Renzini 1991; Chaboyer 1996). These age determinations provide the best estim...
1,314,259,993,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum information employs individual and entangled quantum systems in order to carry a number of information processing tasks offering an advantage over their classical counterparts \cite{Nielsen_2000}. One major sub-division is called quantum communication, which aims to faithfully transmit p...
1,314,259,993,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Quantum mechanics is a probabilistic theory, as most of its predictions are irreducibly statistical. It is therefore understandable that the first attempts to clarify its content made use of the well-tested concept of \emph{statistical ensembles}, describing identical abstract copi...
1,314,259,993,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secdBint} We consider Schr\"{o}dinger operators $H$ (with separate boundary conditions), induced by the differential expression \begin{align*} \tau = -\frac{d^2}{dx^2} + q(x) \end{align*} on some interval $(a,b)$. Here $q$ is a real-valued, locally integrable function on $(a,b)$ r...
1,314,259,993,742
arxiv
\subsection{The \texttt{OP-COUNT} Heuristic} \subsubsection{Domain Model.} The domain is described by a set of variables $f\in\mathcal{F}$ which can assume values from a (finite) domain $D(f) \subseteq \mathbb{N}$. A state is given by the particular assignment of values to these variables: $\mathbb{S} = \{f = v~|~ v...
1,314,259,993,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider nonlinear dispersive equations \begin{equation}\label{dis} \begin{aligned} & i \partial_t u(t,x) + \mathcal{L}\left(\nabla, \tfrac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) u(t,x) =\vert \nabla\vert^\alpha p\left(u(t,x), \overline u(t,x)\right)\\ & u(0,x) = v(x), \end{aligned} \end{equation} where we ...
1,314,259,993,744
arxiv
\subsection{Augmentation Parameters} Augmentation methods are parameterized and their performance may be sensitive to changes in parameter values. However in a real-world low-case scenario (mostly) without any development set, parameter tuning may not always be possible. Therefore we create augmented datasets usin...
1,314,259,993,745
arxiv
\section{#1}\begin{frame}{#2}\vspace{-10pt}}{\end{frame}} \else \newenvironment{myframe}[2]{\section{#1}\begin{frame}{#2}\vspace{-10pt}}{\end{frame}} \fi \ifdefined\mybullet \renewcommand{\mybullet}[1]{\vspace{1mm}\\$\bullet$ {\bf #1}\vspace{1mm}\\} \else \newcommand{\mybullet}[1]{\vspace{1mm}\\$\bullet$ {\bf #1}\vspa...
1,314,259,993,746
arxiv
\section{Effective medium theories} Effective medium theories (EMT) allow one to determine, by means of algebraic formulas, the effective electric permittivity $\varepsilon_e$ of a composite medium as a function of the constituent permittivities and shapes as well as of the fractional volumes characterizing the mixtu...
1,314,259,993,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of sets in the plane; $\mathcal{F}$ is said to have a \textit{line transversal} if there is a line that intersects each set in $\mathcal{F}$. If every $r$ sets in $\mathcal{F}$ have a line transversal, then $\mathcal{F}$ is said to have the $T(r)$-property, and $\mat...
1,314,259,993,748
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The measurements of bulk hadronic observables in small collision systems at the RHIC and the LHC are of prime importance because they provide direct access to the underlying dynamics of multi-particle production in QCD. However, the theoretical description of such observables is cha...
1,314,259,993,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of `other worlds' has always been one of the most discussed topics in the history of philosophy and science. The question has fascinated researchers since more than 2000 years, but the first attempt in modern astronomy to discover extrasolar planets was given by Huyghens (\cite{Hu...
1,314,259,993,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The construction of $N\!N$ potentials has a long history, and a large number of different models have appeared in the literature. After a comparison of these $N\!N$ potentials by confronting them first with the $pp$ scattering data~\cite{Sto93a} and later also with the $np$ scat...
1,314,259,993,751
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interpolation is a basic and fundamental subject in numerical analysis and approximation theory for the continuous representation of discrete data. A standard way to obtain a bivariate interpolation from univariate interpolation functions is by using a tensor product if the underlying two varia...
1,314,259,993,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In a previous paper \cite{MarinPoveda}, higher order corrections (up to n-th order) were obtained for the perihelion precession (see figure (\ref{fig:avance})) in binary systems like OJ287, Sagittarius A*-S2 and H1821+643 using the Schwarzschild metric and complex integration....
1,314,259,993,753
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \end{document} \section{Preliminaries} We adopt the following conventions throughout the paper. Throughout this paper, we consider two types or terms the same if they are equivalent up to $\alpha$-conversion~\cite{barendregt1984lambda}. We use subscripts to emphasize fr...
1,314,259,993,754
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Church's realisability problem \cite{Church/63/Logic} has motivated the development of the beautiful theories of finite games of infinite duration \cite{Buchi/62/Automata,Buchi+Landweber/69/MSO}, and finite automata over infinite structures \cite{Rabin/69/Automata}. These two fields have often i...
1,314,259,993,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Early work on disk accretion to a black hole argued that a large-scale poloidal magnetic field originating from say the interstellar medium, would be dragged inward and greatly compressed near the black hole by the accreting plasma (Bisnovatyi-Kogan \& Ruzmaikin 1974, 1976) and that this wou...
1,314,259,993,756
arxiv
\section{The Problem} Let ${\cal X}=\{x_1, \ldots ,x_n\}$ be a finite alphabet, and $X$ be any random variable (r.v.) taking values in ${\cal X}$ according to the probability distribution ${\bf p}=(p_1, p_2, \ldots , p_n)$, that is, such that $P\{X=x_i\}=p_i$, for $i=1, 2, \ldots , n$. A well known and widely use...
1,314,259,993,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A lot of physical and natural phenomena can be modeled mathematically using partial differential equations (PDEs). In the realm of linear theory, solutions of PDEs obey the principle of linear superposition, and in some cases, they possess explicit analytical expressions. However, the laws of ...
1,314,259,993,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is one of the essential functions for autonomous robots. Its primary tasks are state estimation and map building. State estimation aims at finding the transformation that best aligns consecutive sensor data, in which a data association process is requ...
1,314,259,993,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Place/Transition Petri nets with inhibitor arcs (PTI nets, for short), originally introduced in \cite{FA73}, are a well-known (see, e.g., \cite{tcsinib,Koutny,Pet81}), Turing-complete (as proved first by Agerwala in \cite{ager-pti}), distributed model of computation, largely exploited, e.g., f...
1,314,259,993,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction} AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re} has given us a useful tool to find weakly coupled descriptions for strongly coupled conformal field theories. The weakly coupled description generically is given in terms of a supergravity on a background containing an AdS part. Actually there is...
1,314,259,993,761
arxiv
\section{Discussion} Here, we argue that the most striking feature of the obtained phase diagram shown in Fig. \ref{fig2}(a) is that the transition field increases with increasing temperature. It is completely contrary to the shared tendency of the previous reports on spin crossover compounds such as cobalt oxides [Sr...
1,314,259,993,762
arxiv
\section{Background and Introduction} Conversational agents are becoming part of our lives. These systems generally fall into two categories, \textit{task-oriented assistants} and \textit{chatbots} \cite{Shum2018}. Task-oriented assistants are designed to fulfill a specific task by having single-turn or multi-turn c...