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1,314,259,993,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A classical problem of discrete geometry is to determine the maximum fraction of $d$-dimensional Euclidean space, $\varphi_\mathrm{cp}$, that can be covered by non-overlapping, identical spheres. Determining this densest packing of hard spheres is trivial for $d=1$ and elementary for $d=2$, but...
1,314,259,993,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Laser Und XFEL Experiment, also know as LUXE~\cite{Abramowicz:2021zja}, is a new type of experiment that aims at measuring quantum electrodymanics (QED) in a yet unexplored parameter regime. QED is the theory explaining the interaction between light and matter. The greatest successes of the theo...
1,314,259,993,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rotation averaging is a problem that consists of estimating absolute camera orientations that agree as well as possible with a set of pairwise relative orientations. Errors expressing disagreements between estimated absolute orientations and the measured relative orientations are hereby distrib...
1,314,259,993,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A realistic description of the electromagnetic response of atomic nuclei is a challenging many-body problem as it requires an accurate understanding of both the nuclear dynamics and of the interaction vertex. In this regard a valuable strategy consists in analyzing the scaling properties of nucle...
1,314,259,993,767
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A femtocell, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:femtocell}, is a relatively small cellular network with a femtocell base station (FBS), usually deployed in places where signal reception from the macro base station (MBS) is weak due to long distance or obstacles. An FBS is typically the size of a resi...
1,314,259,993,768
arxiv
\section{introduction} To initiate most of the biological processes in living cells, protein molecules, the workhorses of the cell, have to bind to specific sites on nucleic acid molecules \cite{alberts,bressloff}. One of the common examples, which is also crucially important for the functioning of a cell, is the bind...
1,314,259,993,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea of localization dates back to Anderson's seminal work in 1958 \cite{Anderson1958}. While Anderson's discussion was general, the phenomenon was nonetheless widely assumed to be particular to systems of non-interacting particles (but see Refs.~\cite{Fleishman, MaksimovKagan}). A decade a...
1,314,259,993,770
arxiv
\section{THE THERMAL NON-EQUILIBRIUM (TNE) DEBATE\label{sec:_tne_debate}} The very existence of solar and stellar coronae remains one of the great problems in astrophysics. In particular, the heating mechanism(s) capable of keeping the plasma confined in magnetic loops at temperatures of several million degrees still...
1,314,259,993,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} $\delta\;{\rm Scuti}$ stars constitute a large class of pulsating stars representative of chemically normal intermediate mass stars on and near the main sequence (see eg \cite{Breger2000}, \cite{Rodriguez2001}). Their seismic exploitation however meets major difficulties often re...
1,314,259,993,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum spin liquids (QSL) constitute an exotic many-body state without symmetry-breaking spin order, where a number of unconventional properties such as fractionalized excitations and long-range entanglement emerge \cite{Anderson1973,Balents2010,Zhou2017,JW2019QMats,Broholm2020Science}. The c...
1,314,259,993,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the central quantities associated to a Riemannian metric is the Ricci tensor. In Einstein's field equations, the energy-momentum tensor yields the Ricci tensor, and this determines the metric of space-time. In Riemannian geometry, the importance of the Ricci tensor came to the fore in par...
1,314,259,993,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:sec1} In a 2001 paper,~\cite{Kitaev2001} Kitaev discovered the one-dimensional topological superconductor (1DTSC) -- a one-dimensional proximity induced $p$-wave superconductor hosting a single Majorana quasi particle (MQP) at each of its ends. More recently, experimentally feasible r...
1,314,259,993,775
arxiv
\section{Experiments} \label{sec:result} \subsection{Environments \& data collection} We perform experiments on three continuous control tasks with state-based inputs. \paragraph{UMaze~\citep{mujocomaze}.} The first environment, shown in \autoref{fig:umaze}, is a two-dimensional U-shaped maze with continuous action s...
1,314,259,993,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{M}{embership} Inference (MI) attacks pose serious privacy risks to Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS). In a nutshell, MI attacks apply a binary classifier on the prediction vectors (outputs) of data samples obtained from a non-private machine learnin...
1,314,259,993,777
arxiv
\section{Statement of the problem and preliminary results}\label{1} \vs 0.5cm In \cite{[S]}, the second author studied the following class of problems: \begin{equation*}(P_0) \begin{cases} & \text{Find } (u, \chi) \in H^{1}(\Omega)\times L^\infty (\Omega) \text{ such that}:\\ & (i)\quad u\geq 0, \quad 0\leq ...
1,314,259,993,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Different versions of Burnside Problem ask what one can say about finitely generated periodic groups under additional assumptions. Kurosh type problems ask similar questions about properties of finitely generated nil (more generally, algebraic) associative algebras. In case of finitely gene...
1,314,259,993,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our objective is to study centrality of components of a network with respect to time-delay and coupling graph in presence of different sources of uncertainty. Measures of importance and influence in a network are called centrality measures and are exploited to provide a rank on the most import...
1,314,259,993,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Let $(S,g)$ be a compact Riemann surface and consider the problem \begin{equation}\label{mfewt} -\lab u=\lambda_1\left({V_1(x)e^{u}\over\int_{S}V_1 e^{u}dv_g}- \frac{1}{|S|}\right)-\lambda_2\tau \left({V_2(x)e^{-\tau u}\over\int_{S}V_2 e^{-\tau u}dv_g}- \frac{1}{|S|}\right) \end{equati...
1,314,259,993,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quest for the experimental realization of a chiral $p_x+ip_y$ superconductor in two dimensions (2D) is gathering increasing attention because this phase exhibits Majorana modes, which are relevant for constructing fault-tolerant topological quantum computers \cite{kitaev,zoller}. Although a c...
1,314,259,993,782
arxiv
\subsection{Main Results} Here we shall state the main results proven in this paper. Recall that a symmetric pair $(G,H,\theta)$ is called stable if every closed $H$ double-coset in $G$ is stabilized by the anti-involution $g \mapsto \theta(g)^{-1}$. In section 4 we construct, for each semi-simple $r \in G$ of...
1,314,259,993,783
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace*{-0.4cm} In supernova remnants (SNRs), interaction between shock waves and surrounding interstellar gas is a key element for understanding the SNR evolution, cosmic ray acceleration, and origin of gamma-ray radiation. Recently, \cite{2015ApJ...799..175S} revealed that the shock-cloud inte...
1,314,259,993,784
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \indent \indent The \emph{EPIC-pn camera} aboard \emph{XMM-Newton} is designed to read out data in different modes with respect to time and spatial resolution. For the timing analysis we use the so called Small Window, Timing and Burst modes, with time resolutions of 6 ms, 0.03 ms and 7 $\mu$s, ...
1,314,259,993,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been much recent work on time dependence in gravitational backgrounds \cite{branonium, time_dependence}. The basic idea has been to introduce a probe BPS $Dp$ brane into the non-trivial geometry of a large number of background branes and study its corresponding dynamics. This has also ...
1,314,259,993,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a central concept in condensed matter physics. Two types of collective mode emerge in association with spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetries. One is the Nambu-Goldstone (NG) mode \cite{nambu-60,goldstone-61} and the other is the Higgs mode \cite{higgs-64,...
1,314,259,993,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \vspace{-0.1cm} The visual world is full of objects moving around in predictable ways. Examples of these \emph{spatial trajectories} include human motion, such as people dancing or exercising; objects moving, such as a ball rolling; trajectories of cars and bicycles; or ...
1,314,259,993,788
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past decade, synthetic biologists have made great strides in the engineering of biological systems. One vision that has served as something of a roadmap is the model enunciated by Endy~\cite{Endy05}, a model comprising four levels of increasing abstraction: DNA, Parts, Devices, and Syst...
1,314,259,993,789
arxiv
\section{Discussion and Conclusion} In this work, we propose approaches to incorporate feasible grasping constraints into real-time localizing the 6D pose of an in-hand suture needle. We define a novel state space for the 6D pose of a needle. This state space allows efficient sampling from the feasible grasping mani...
1,314,259,993,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} Let $(\Sigma,g)$ be a compact Riemannian surface with boundary. In this paper we always assume that $\Sigma$ is connected and the boundary of $\Sigma$ is non-empty and smooth. Consider \textit{the Steklov problem} defined in the following way \begin{gather*} \begin{cases} \Delta...
1,314,259,993,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few years a lot of attention has been devoted to inter-related topics which go under the name of $W$-algebras, integrable hierarchies (non-relativistic) in $1+1$ dimensions of KdV or NLS type, $2$-dimensional reativistic equations like Liouville (more generally Toda field theories) or...
1,314,259,993,792
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement}}{} \newenvironment{romenumerate}[1][-10pt] \addtolength{\leftmargini}{#1}\begin{enumerate \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\textup{(\roman{enumi})}}% \renewcommand{\theenumi}{\textup{(\roman{enumi})}}% }{\end{enumerate}} \newcounter{oldenumi} \newenvironment{romenumerateq {\setcounter{oldenumi...
1,314,259,993,793
arxiv
\subsection{Diffusion Models} \label{sec:prelim-diffusion} \begin{figure*}[ht] \includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{figures/architecture.pdf} \caption{Overview of the object-centric diffusion model. We combine a diffusion model with an object-centric multimodal transformer to iteratively reason about both 3D object...
1,314,259,993,794
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} In this article we apply methods and techniques known from perturbative Feynman integral calculations to non-perturbative lattice correlation functions. Integration-by-parts identities \cite{Tkachov:1981wb,Chetyrkin:1981qh} are widely used in perturbative calculations: They r...
1,314,259,993,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} A much studied problem in Riemannian geometry asks to what degree a Riemannian manifold is determined by its length spectrum, that is, the set of lengths of its closed geodesics. It is known that the length spectrum does not in general recover the metric, but more refined conj...
1,314,259,993,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the United States' health care system, economy, and social wellbeing. Despite early promises of an "American Resurrection" by April 12, 2020 \cite{cnnTrumpSaysHe}, as of \today, the U.S. has unfortunately experienced more than 19...
1,314,259,993,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cantilever mechanical resonators have found application in a wide range of sensing and detection schemes including mass sensing~\cite{Moser,Lavrik}, atomic (magnetic) force microscopes~\cite{Giessiblrmp}, chemical sensors~\cite{Nordstrom}, torque magnetometry~\cite{Rossel1996,Willemin1998,Rossel1...
1,314,259,993,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{}ultiple object tracking (MOT) is an essential task for computer vision, and has been applied to many applications, such as industrial surveillance and autonomous driving. Tracking-by-detection has been a dominant paradigm for MOT for a long time, where ob...
1,314,259,993,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of results} \subsection{Overview} The study of logarithmically correlated Gaussian fields (LCGFs) has its roots in two-dimensional quantum field theory and the study of Gaussian multiplicative chaos \cite{K85, KPZ88}. The last decade saw rapid development, driven both by these motiv...
1,314,259,993,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the following inhomogeneous incompressible three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations: \begin{equation}\label{1.1} \left\{\begin{array}{l} \displaystyle \pa_t\rho+\div(\rho v)=0,\qquad (t,x)\in\mathop{\mathbb R\kern 0pt}\nolimits^+\times\mathop{\mathbb R\kern 0pt}\nolimits^3,\\ \dis...
1,314,259,993,801
arxiv
\section{PID detectors and performance} The ALICE experiment is exploiting almost all known techniques for particle identification (PID). The particle identification of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) and the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) are based on the specific energy loss per unit path length of a particle which d...
1,314,259,993,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The setting-up of robust numerical methods to solve complex systems of partial differential equations has become a key issue in applied mathematics and engineering, driven by the increasing use of numerical simulation in both research and industry. Amo...
1,314,259,993,803
arxiv
\section{Background}\label{sec:introduction} Stroke survivors commonly suffer physical deficits that manifest as disturbances to balance and gait \cite{strkDef2013}. Advances in affordable computer power and portable motion-sensing technology \cite{bmbf_Bal3} have led to an increasing role of technology in rehabilita...
1,314,259,993,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Thanks to the practical realization of hardware aberration correction (AC), the point resolution of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is not limited by the positive spherical aberration ($C_s$) any longer~\cite{haider1998,scherzer1936,uhlemann1998}, and materials can now b...
1,314,259,993,805
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The intricate relations between the individual and collective levels are at the heart of many natural and social sciences. Different disciplines wonder how atoms combine to form solids \cite{cambridge,goodstein}, neurons give rise to consciousness \cite{damasio,changeux} or individuals shape mar...
1,314,259,993,806
arxiv
\section{From non-commutative spacetime to the action} What follows is a short preview of the works in Refs.\ \refcite{ref1}, \refcite{ref2}. For a more comprehensive and in depth introduction to this framework, see for example Ref.\ \refcite{ref3}. The starting point of our considerations is given by Minkowski spacet...
1,314,259,993,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this article, let \(\dvr\) be a complete discrete valuation ring with uniformiser \(\dvgen\), fraction field \(\dvf\), and residue field \(\resf\). We assume throughout that~\(\dvf\) has characteristic zero. Bivariant \(K\)-theory was introduced by Kasparov (\cites{Kasparov:Invarian...
1,314,259,993,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cold diatomic molecules are often produced from atomic gases by varying a magnetic field around a zero-energy resonance~\cite{donley02, regal03, review} or by photo\-association~\cite{doyle}. Generally applicable implementations of the former technique are linear ramps of the magnetic field acr...
1,314,259,993,809
arxiv
\section*{{\normalsize \bf 1. Introduction}} In \cite{Jech2} Jech introduced the cut-and-choose game ${\cal G}_{\rm{c\&c}}$, played by two players, White and Black, in $\omega$-many moves on a complete Boolean algebra ${\Bbb{B}}$ in the following way. At the beginning, White picks a non-zero element $p\in{\Bbb{B}}$ an...
1,314,259,993,810
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} As language models (LMs) become increasingly good at generating text indistinguishable from human writing, a key question emerges: `How can we best control them to produce what is required while preventing unwanted generations?' This is especially critical for reducing issues o...
1,314,259,993,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The stationary distribution of a Markov process gives, when it is unique, the average fraction of time the process spends in any given state in the long-time limit. When finite-time trajectories are considered, fluctuations around this average occupation occur, with a probability that depends on...
1,314,259,993,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the accelerated expansion of the universe is discovered by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) \cite{1,2} and ensured by two independent probes baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) \cite{3,4} and cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation \cite{5,6,7}, the elegant standard six-parameter cosmological...
1,314,259,993,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bell showed in 1964 \cite{Bell's theorem} that certain correlations between the outcomes of two spacelike separated quantum measurements over entangled states violate his eponymous inequalities. Any model that reproduces the quantum correlation must therefore give up at least one of the plausibl...
1,314,259,993,814
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study two well-known representations of uncertain texts: \emph{weighted sequences} and \emph{profiles}. A \emph{weighted sequence} (also known as uncertain sequence or position weight matrix, PWM) for every position and every letter of the alphabet specifies the probability of occurrenc...
1,314,259,993,815
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Claude Shannon elected the bit as the fundamental unit of information. A system which can be only ``on'' or ``off'' is the simplest choice, but no fundamental reason prevent to adopt $d>2$ logical levels for information processing. Nowadays, qudits, i.e. $d$ level quantum systems, can be easi...
1,314,259,993,816
arxiv
\section{Example Probability} \label{app:prob} We additionally evaluate our density estimation methods using $\log p(x)$ as a detection measure. In the case of text, $\log p(x)$ is defined as $\sum_{i=1}^t \log p(x_i \mid x_{<i})$. \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figs/imdb_px.png}...
1,314,259,993,817
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is devoted to a new elementary geometric construction of the universal $1$-singular Gelfand-Tsetlin module. Denote $\mathfrak g_k:=\mathfrak{gl}_k(\mathbb C)$, where $k=1,\ldots n$, and consider the flag $\mathfrak g_1\subset \mathfrak g_2 \subset\cdots \subset \mathfrak g_{n-1} \su...
1,314,259,993,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{sec_introduction} \section{Fundamental Concepts}\label{sec::fundamentalconcepts} \input{sec_basics} \section{The Discrete Problem}\label{sec::discrete} \input{sec_iga} \section{Details of Implementation}\label{sec::implement} \input{sec_disc} \section{Numerical Examples}\label{sec::num} \...
1,314,259,993,819
arxiv
\section{% \ifnum0=1% \addtocounter{alphasect}{1} \fi% \oldsection}% \renewcommand\thesection{% \ifnum0= \Alph{alphasect} \else% \arabic{section} \fi% }% \newenvironment{alphasection}{% \ifnum0=1% \errhelp={Let other blocks end at the beginning of the next block.} \errmessage{Nested Alpha section not allo...
1,314,259,993,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that the fields of invariants of the triangular transformation groups of affine varieties are rational (see. \cite{ M, Pu, V}). In this paper, for the special instances, we are going to present the systems of free generators. For this purpose we introduce the not...
1,314,259,993,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The renormalization program~\cite{weinberg} provides an insightful framework for the description of physical scales within a given problem. This assumes that the characteristic dimensional scales are sufficiently separated, as required by {\em effective field theory\/}~...
1,314,259,993,822
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} {\bf The $\boldsymbol{t\SP J}$ model is believed to be a minimal model that may be capable of describing the low-energy physics of the cuprate superconductors. However, although the $\boldsymbol{t\SP J}$ model is simple in appearance, obtaining a detailed understanding of its phase diagram has pro...
1,314,259,993,823
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum phase slip junctions are exact dual counterpart of the Josephson junctions. Recently these junctions have been successfully realized in ultranarrow superconducting nanowires, where quantum phase slip replaces tunneling Cooper pairs \cite{Arutyunov20081, Bezryadin}. These nanowires are n...
1,314,259,993,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-perturbative effects in string theory are a key ingredient in the proper understanding of the theory, and in particular of the dynamics of compactifications to four dimensions. Already in the early times non-perturbative effects (in the form of strongly coupled field theory sectors) were con...
1,314,259,993,825
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The current sample of exoplanets exhibits several interesting dynamical features (Butler {\it et al.\thinspace} 2006): here we focus on two of these. First, there is a vast range of planetary eccentricities, from zero to $>0.9$, with a median of 0.2 (0.27 for planets past 0.1 AU that have not b...
1,314,259,993,826
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Graph coloring is a fundamental problem in graph theory, which has been extensively studied over the years (see, e.g.,~\cite{DBLP:books/daglib/0077283} for an overview). Most of the research in this area has been devoted to the \emph{vertex-coloring problem} (or \emph{co...
1,314,259,993,827
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\conclusio{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0}{\conclusio{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}} \setlength{\parindent}{0.22in} \setlength{\textheight}{9.2in} \setlength{\textwidth}{15.5cm} \setlength{\topmargin}{-.3in} \setlength{\ev...
1,314,259,993,828
arxiv
\section*{References}} \def\mathcal{A}{\mathcal{A}} \def\mathcal{B}{\mathcal{B}} \def\mathcal{L}{\mathcal{L}} \def\mathbf{u}{\mathbf{u}} \def\mathbf{v}{\mathbf{v}} \def\mathbb{N}{\mathbb{N}} \def\mathbb{R}{\mathbb{R}} \newtheorem{theorem}[]{Theorem} \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \newtheorem{lemma}[t...
1,314,259,993,829
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of cross-identifying sources between two catalogs $K$ and $K'$ has previously been studied by \citet{Condon}, \citet{DeRuiter}, \citet{Prestage}, \citet{SS} and \citet{Rutledge}, among others. As evidenced by recent papers of \citet{BS} and \citet{Pineau}, this field is still very...
1,314,259,993,830
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Material} \label{supplement} \subsection{Experimental Methods} In the experiments, we employ an optically-trapped cloud of $^6$Li atoms in a 50-50 mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states, which is tuned to a broad collisional (Feshbach) resonance in a bias magnetic field of 834 G, and co...
1,314,259,993,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Associated strangeness ($KY$) photoproduction is a crucial area of study to elucidate the nucleon excitation spectrum and the relevant degrees of freedom. There remain many resonances predicted by constituent quark models (CQMs)~\cite{capstick86,capstick92,capstick94,riska01}, lattice QCD calc...
1,314,259,993,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To accurately plan and evaluate safety measures in buildings and transportation systems, knowledge of the behavior of pedestrians in emergency situations is required. There are two major ways to acquire this information, conducting experiments or performing computer simulations. The problem with...
1,314,259,993,833
arxiv
\section*{Methods} \textbf{Capacity of a memory unit:} Here we discuss the technical details of the quantum memory unit and how it uses topological planar codes to achieve a long encoded coherence time. These codes are amenable to experimental implementation as they can be defined locally on an two-dimensional nearest...
1,314,259,993,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dynamical behavior of crowds has attracted many physicists over the last decades for its nontrivial characteristics \cite{ped,ped2}. The motion of pedestrians can be regarded as a problem of a many-body system of ``self-driven" particles. In order to investigate the collective phenomena of t...
1,314,259,993,835
arxiv
\section*{References}} \usepackage[paperwidth=7.0in, paperheight=10.0in, margin=.875in]{geometry} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{microtype} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{subfigure \usepackage{subfigmat \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath}...
1,314,259,993,836
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Deep neural networks (DNNs) have had a significant impact on our lives in the twenty first century---from advancing scientific discovery \cite{karpatne2017theory} to improving the quality of life \cite{sharma2019iot,sundaravadivel2018smart,naylor2018prospects}. DNNs are trained ...
1,314,259,993,837
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Precise determinations of the values of matrix elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix~\cite{Kobayashi:1973fv,Cabibbo:1963yz} are important for testing the Standard Model of particle physics (SM). In this article a precise determination of the magnitude of the CK...
1,314,259,993,838
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since their first introduction, Online Social Networks (OSN) have been deeply investigated for possible implications of the online public debate on political processes~\cite{Adamic2005}. In the last decade, the centrality of OSN for political communications and debates has steady increased: OSN...
1,314,259,993,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Acoustic, elastic, and electromagnetic waves are of quite different nature, but in many geometries of practical relevance, they can all be described by the linear wave equation of second order. If we are interested in the distribution of the wave intensity in a domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n...
1,314,259,993,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study the distribution of the $\ell$-part of the relative class groups $\mathrm{Cl}(L/K)$ of a quadratic extension of global fields $L/K$ where $K$ contains the $\ell^n$th roots of unity for an odd prime $\ell$. Malle observed in \cite{Malle} that the usual Cohen-Lenstra heuris...
1,314,259,993,841
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noi A large litterature is devoted to the effect of applying a laser field to various objects (electron beams, two-level atoms, etc). In early papers [1-3 the laser wave was modelled as purely electric, the effect of a magnetic contribution being introduced more recently~[4-5] ...
1,314,259,993,842
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\vspace{-0cm} The use of demand-side management~(DSM) mechanisms has recently attracted significant attention in the smart grid literature. DSM schemes offer smart grid customers an opportunity to change their demands over time so as to reduce their overall electricity costs. From the utility com...
1,314,259,993,843
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations carried out in roughly the past twenty years have revealed a rapid evolution of cosmic sources, both normal, actively star-forming and AGN-dominated galaxies, over the last several billion years. This was mostly achieved from continuum rest-frame UV photometric imaging in the optica...
1,314,259,993,844
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Waves in the solar chromosphere may be divided in many different ways: high versus low chromosphere, below the canopy versus above the canopy, network versus internetwork, acoustic versus magnetic versus gravity mode, linear versus shocks, quiet versus activ...
1,314,259,993,845
arxiv
\section{Author Information} \textbf{Corresponding Author}\\ *E-mail: sunil@ece.cornell.edu\\ \textbf{Notes}\\ The authors declare no competing financial interests. \acknowledgement The authors would like to acknowledge DARPA/MTO's ORCHID program for research support.
1,314,259,993,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Seismology is the classic method to investigate the deep interior of the Earth, as well as its dynamic behaviour. Seismic observations confirmed the existence of Earth's core \parencite{oldham_constitution_1906}, gave the first indication of a mineralogically distinct mantle \parencite{mohorovici...
1,314,259,993,847
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are an important defence mechanism to protect computer networks against an increasing diversity, sophistication and volume of cyber attacks. Due to the tremendous progress in Machine Learning (ML) over the last few years, in particu...
1,314,259,993,848
arxiv
\subsection{Autofocusing} related work 只写autofocusing The basic idea of software-based autofocusing is to capture one or more out-of-focus images and use them to determine the ideal focal position. The most popular approach of this kind is focus map surveying \cite{liao2017rapid}. It captures a z-stack along the op...
1,314,259,993,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, it has become clear that our universe has not only undergone the period of early-time accelerated expansion (inflation), but also is currently in the so-called late-time accelerating epoch (dark energy era). An extremely powerful way to describe the early-time inflation and the late-ti...
1,314,259,993,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{To the trailhead: classic and stake-governed random-turn games} Many combinatorial games, such as chess, Go and Hex, are zero-sum two-player games in which players alternate in making moves. Positions in these games have complex geometric aspects from which experienced players may ...
1,314,259,993,851
arxiv
\section*{Calculational methods} First-principles calculations based on van der Waals density functional theory were performed within the plane-wave implementation of the density functional theory in the ABINIT package~\cite{ABINIT}, which we have adapted from the Siesta~\cite{Siesta} code to incorporate the van der...
1,314,259,993,852
arxiv
\section{introduction} Recently the spin-orbit(SO) interaction in semiconductor mesoscopic system has attracted a lot of interest\cite{1}. Due to the coupling of electron orbital motion with the spin degree of freedom, it is possible to manipulate and control the electron spin in SO coupling system by applying an ext...
1,314,259,993,853
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\color{black} \subsection{Motivation} {\color{black} In} a series of papers \cite{Chr.1}-\cite{Chr.4}, Christodoulou studied singularity formation for \textcolor{black}{the} Einstein-scalar field system: \begin{equation}\label{ES} \begin{split} &\mbox{Ric}_{\mu\nu}-\f12Rg_{\mu\nu}={\color{blac...
1,314,259,993,854
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mean-field is widely used description for broken symmetry ordered states of many-body systems. Functional integral formalism relates the quantum partition function $Z$ of a many-body system to the Euclidean action $S$, where the inverse temperature, $\beta={1}/{T}$, acts as imaginary Matsubara ...
1,314,259,993,855
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, large efforts are devoted to the construction of an Energy Density Functional (EDF) able to described at best properties of nuclei over the whole nuclear chart\cite{Ben03,Sto07}. The standard strategy to design an EDF for nuclei is to start with a single-reference EDF (SR-EDF) where a...
1,314,259,993,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Detection of double JPEG (DJPEG) compression is one of the most widely studied problems in image forensics, see for instance \cite{Jessica2008,Li2008,Barni2017}. The interest of researcher in this topic is motivated by the fact that double compression can reveal important information about the ...
1,314,259,993,857
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Traditional drug discovery relies on the development and exploration by expert chemists and pharmacologists, which is time-consuming due to the large chemical structure space \cite{walters2018virtual}. Effective methods for collecting chemical structures with desired properties will significantl...
1,314,259,993,858
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The synthesis of economics and physics has given to rise of the new subject of Econophysics \cite{stanley}. Most of the studies in econophysics have been focused on the financial markets \cite{voit,bouchaud} and on financial instruments and their derivatives \cite{bebcup,bebcup2}. Microecono...
1,314,259,993,859
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of equations over algebraic structures has a long history in mathematics. Some of the first explicit decidability results in group theory are due to Makanin \cite{mak77}, who showed that equations over free groups are decidable. Subsequently several other decidability and undecid...
1,314,259,993,860
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that the standard model based on $G_{SM}=SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_W\times U(1)_Y$ gauge symmetry is a quite promising theory to describe interactions of the particles. However, there are unsolved or non-verifiable points enough, in particular, the followings are underlying to be cl...
1,314,259,993,861
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary information} \subsection{A\quad Surface wave function for semi-infinite system} \label{sec:semi-infinite} Here we give the full surface wave function of a semi-infinite Weyl semimetal (WSM) with a tilted cone. We start from the low energy Hamiltonian \begin{align} \label{eq:Hamiltonian} H = -i...
1,314,259,993,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction} % The present work is a continuation of our previous paper \cite{Uniform}, where we introduced a stick-breaking construction for $\mathcal{D}$-trees (uniform tree with fixed degree sequence $\mathcal{D}$) to prove that, under natural conditions, $\mathcal{D}$-trees converge, in a GP and a GHP sen...