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1,108,101,563,915 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We say that a graph $G$ contains a graph $H$ as a \emph{minor} if we can obtain a graph isomorphic to $H$ from a subgraph of $G$ by using edge contractions (discarding any loops and multiple edges, we are interested in simple graphs). A class of graphs $\cA$ is \emph{minor-c... |
1,108,101,563,916 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Although Newton's gravity law and Einstein's general relativity have
given marvelous understanding about gravity, it is still the most
mysterious problem in the whole field of science \cite{Weinberg}.
It is widely believed that the unification of gravity and quantum
mechanics and the unification... |
1,108,101,563,917 | arxiv | \section{Cluster automorphisms}\label{sect 1}
\subsection{ Cluster algebras}
We recall that a {\it quiver} is a quadruple $Q=(Q_0,Q_1,s,t)$ consisting of two sets: $Q_0$ (whose elements are called \emph{points}) and $Q_1$ (whose elements are called \emph{arrows}), and of two maps $s,t:Q_1\to Q_0$ associating to each $... |
1,108,101,563,918 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Double-Degenerate (DD) mergers are an alternative to the single-degenerate progenitor scenario for type 1a supernovae (SN) that has recently received a surge in attention \citep[e.g.][]{Saio2004,YoonDDSPH}. In this process, two white dwarfs (WD) merge, pushing one of them over the Chandrasekhar ... |
1,108,101,563,919 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
\noindent
We would like to thank the LHCb RTA team for supporting this publication, and in particular Vladimir Gligorov for the review and Manuel Schiller for the code optimisation.
We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN
accelerator departments for the excellent performance ... |
1,108,101,563,920 | arxiv |
\section{Annotated Stack Trees}
An \emph{annotated stack tree} is a tree whose nodes are labelled by annotated
stacks. Furthermore, each leaf node is also labelled with a control state. Let
$\stacktrees{\maxord}{\salphabet}$
denote the set of order-$\maxord$ annotated stack trees over $\salphabet$.
\begin{definit... |
1,108,101,563,921 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In 1913, Georges Sagnac published a short communication~\cite{Sagnac:1913tx} in the proceedings of the French Academy of Sciences describing an experiment to prove the existence of the ether. He elaborated on this a couple of months later~\cite{Sagnac:1913tz}. The exper... |
1,108,101,563,922 | arxiv | \section{Appendix: Additional Experimental Results}
\subsection{Perturb One Feature for CERT}
In this section we present the experimental results of applying different anomaly explanation methods by perturbing only one of the twelve features in the CERT data set as an injected anomaly in Figure \ref{fig:onepert}. The l... |
1,108,101,563,923 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\Qn
There is a discussion about the Church-Turing thesis at the Computer Science Theory StackExchange \cite{StackExchange}. It involves your paper \cite{G188} with Nachum Dershowitz where you prove the thesis. Peter Shor is skeptical about it:
\begin{quote}
``The Dershow... |
1,108,101,563,924 | arxiv | \section{\textbf{Introduction and Problem Statement}}
Let $\mathbb{S}$ be a subset of the natural numbers $\mathbb{N}$ and $k\in \mathbb{N}$ be fixed. Then $\mathbb{S}$ is said to be an \textbf{additive base} of order $k$ if every natural number can be expressed as a sum of $k$ elements of $\mathbb{S}$. The weak Goldba... |
1,108,101,563,925 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
{The widespread use of personal devices generates new challenges while opening new appealing scenarios for future applications, such as, for example, those entailing \ac{D2D} interactions or Big Data management issues.}
To meet these new {trends}, different disruptiv... |
1,108,101,563,926 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
A significant challenge in next-generation wireless networks is that of supporting a very large number of unattended, machine-type devices.
In addition to dramatically increasing network densities, these devices pose a unique challenge because they utilize network resources in a fundament... |
1,108,101,563,927 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A large part of the facility location literature deals with \emph{desirable} facilities that people
like to have nearby, such as service centers, police departments, fire stations, and warehouses.
However, there also do exist facilities that are \emph{undesirable} and \emph{obnoxious}, such as n... |
1,108,101,563,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
If an ensemble of particles is immersed in the incompressible fluid, then the dynamics of the system can be modeled by the kinetic Cucker--Smale model coupled with the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations. Throughout the paper, $\nabla$ and $\Delta$ ... |
1,108,101,563,929 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper we consider the design, implementation and evaluation of virtual network migration on GENI as a working example of a future SDN-enabled wide-area infrastructure. VN migration adds network agility to the repertoire of network functions and provides a mechanism t... |
1,108,101,563,930 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Besides both the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations the
zero energy Novikov-Veselov equation
\begin{equation}\tag{NV}\label{NV}
\partial_tu+(\partial ^3 + \overline{\partial}^3)u +3(\partial (u\overline{\partial}^{-1}\partial u)+\overline{\partial}(u\partial^{-1}\over... |
1,108,101,563,931 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
In the present work we investigate on how ``large'' the set of the difference of primes. In 1905, Maillet conjectured in \cite{mai} that the set of the difference of primes should have the ``largest'' form, which contains all even numbers.
\begin{conjecture}
\label{conjecture1}
... |
1,108,101,563,932 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this contribution is to show some transformations
that simplify Hamiltonians such that they may be treated in an
analytic form. We will study various problems, starting with the
ion-laser interaction, where we have shown that there exists a
time dependent transformation that linea... |
1,108,101,563,933 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to give a self-contained proof of an
estimate for solutions of a nonlinear inequality \be\label{e1}
\dot{g}(t)\leq -\gamma(t)g(t)+\alpha(t,g(t))+\beta(t),\ t\geq 0;\
g(0)=g_0;\ \dot{g}:=\frac{dg}{dt}, \ee
and to demonstrate some of its many possible applications.
... |
1,108,101,563,934 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The \noun{$k$-Dominating Set} problem asks, for a graph $G=(V,E)$
and a positive integer $k$ given as inputs, whether there is a vertex-subset
$S\subseteq V$ of size at most $k$ such that every vertex in $V\setminus S$
is adjacent to some vertex in $S$. Such a vertex-subset is called
a \emph{dom... |
1,108,101,563,935 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:introduction}
In this article we obtain new information about nodal (i.e. zero) sets
of high frequency eigenfunctions
and eigenvalue spacings for semi-classical Schr\"odinger operators
that are small radial perturbations of the
isotropic Harmonic Oscillator:
\begin{equation}\label{E:ope... |
1,108,101,563,936 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As is common in the literature about countable dense homogeneity, by \emph{space} we will always mean ``separable metrizable topological space''. By \emph{countable} we will always mean ``at most countable''. Our reference for general topology is \cite{vanmilli}. Our reference for descriptive se... |
1,108,101,563,937 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The development of deep learning makes remarkable progresses in many tasks\cite{image-classification1, image-classification2, image-classification3, machine-trans1}.
To achieve all of them, large amounts of thousands and even millions of labeled data are required for the deep learning approach ... |
1,108,101,563,938 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Methods for survival, or time-to-event, analysis are frequently used in epidemiological and clinical
studies of human health. The more
than 30,000 Pubmed citations for the Cox proportional hazards model
alone attest to the critical role of such methods in modern health research... |
1,108,101,563,939 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was supported by the Institute for Basic Science in Korea (Grant No. IBS-R009-D1) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. NRF-2018R1A2B3003373). JWP acknowledges support from the POSCO Science Fellowship of the POSCO TJ Park Foundation. The data supporting this ma... |
1,108,101,563,940 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cosmological observations of Type Ia Supernovae and Cosmic Microwave Background suggest that the Universe had started to accelerate its expansion at the present epoch \cite{perlmutter1,riess1,perlmutter2,riess2,wmap9,planck18}. The standard explanation refers to an exotic component which has pos... |
1,108,101,563,941 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our discussion stems from multi-marginal optimal transport theory: Let $(X_1,\mu_1),\ldots,(X_N,\mu_N)$ be
Borel probability spaces. We set $X=X_1\times\cdots\times X_N$ and we
denote by $\Pi(X)$ the set of all Borel probability measures $\pi$ on
$X$ such that the {\em marginals} of $\pi$ a... |
1,108,101,563,942 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
The data deluge of the past few decades sparked a great deal of research in image compression.
In image compression, such as JPEG, most of the acquired data is accurately approximated by much fewer coefficients of a basis such as wavelets.
An interesting research question was ... |
1,108,101,563,943 | arxiv |
\section{Security Analysis}\label{sec:secanalysis}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.45\textwidth]{network_stack.png}
\caption{Demonstration of possible attacks.}
\label{fig:attack_demo}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Possible Attacks}
\subsubsection{Random Scanning Attack}
In a random scanning atta... |
1,108,101,563,944 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Silicon-based quantum devices are one of the brightest prospects for the future of quantum computing, achieving long coherence times \cite{pla2013high,veldhorst2015two,huang2019fidelity,yoneda2018quantum} and having potential for mass-production \cite{ansaloni2020single,zwerver... |
1,108,101,563,945 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{theIntroduction}
Hybrids are mesons that include explicit gluonic degrees of freedom. These can have non-exotic $J^{PC}$ and hence may coexist with heavy quarkonia. The numerous charmonium-like and bottomonium-like ``XYZ'' states discovered since 2003~\cite{Eidelman:2012vu} have inspire... |
1,108,101,563,946 | arxiv | \section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{ \hfill (\thesection.\arabic{equation}\alph{letter})}{ \hfill (\thesection.\arabic{equation}\alph{letter})}
\newcommand{{(\Box+e^2\rho^2)}}{{(\Box+e^2\rho^2)}}
\newcommand{\eql}{\nonumber & \hfill (\thesection.\arabic{equation}\alph{letter}) \cr
\addto... |
1,108,101,563,947 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Young associations and open clusters are very useful laboratories to
study star formation and the early stages of stellar evolution, as
they enable us to probe a specific set of properties for a group of
stars sharing the same age and composition but spanning a range of
masses. Time-series photom... |
1,108,101,563,948 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Riemannian optimization is a powerful method to tackle a general class of optimization problems with geometric constraints so that the solution is constrained to a Riemannian manifold. One key component in Riemannian optimization is the Riemannian geometry. Over the past decades... |
1,108,101,563,949 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological semimetals\cite{armitage2017} host Dirac or Weyl fermions in the bulk and have attracted lots of theoretical and experimental research interests in recent years. The Dirac or Weyl fermions found in condensed matter physics are quasiparticles which do not have to obey the Lorentz in... |
1,108,101,563,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past decade, there has been an increasing demand for accurate indoor localization solutions to support a multitude of applications, ranging from providing location-based advertising to users in a shopping mall \cite{Steiniger_et_al_2006}, to better solutions for tracking inventory in a w... |
1,108,101,563,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is the bold endeavor of reaching beyond
the narrow focus of much of the current artificial intelligence research community,
aiming to build agents that encompass the whole breadth of human intellectual faculties and more.
In contrast to narrow AI, the focus o... |
1,108,101,563,952 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\enlargethispage{2\baselineskip}
As is well-known from semiconductor physics, the energy band structure of materials could be essentially modified by an external periodic potential, resulting in unusual transport and optical properties. That is why the energy band structure of graphene under a pe... |
1,108,101,563,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Stochastic methods for physical systems coupled to external baths
have a long history dating back to Einstein \cite{Einstein1905} and
Langevin \cite{Langevin1908}. The idea behind these approaches is
that the many degrees of freedom of the bath induce random motion in the system
\c... |
1,108,101,563,954 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we address only polynomial rings and their quotient rings. Therefore, all definitions pertaining a ring are meant to apply to \emph{commutative} rings. As a consequence, all our modules are two-sided modules and all our ideals are two-sided ideals. In fact, we require more structu... |
1,108,101,563,955 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We seek to understand high multiplicity events in p+Pb collisions at the LHC for which flow like properties
have recently been observed \cite{Chatrchyan:2013nka, Chatrchyan2013795}.
The properties of events in the large \npart~tails of these multiplicity distributions resemble in many respects ... |
1,108,101,563,956 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Clustering---the process by which a set of items are semantically-partitioned into finite groups---
has been employed in many domains of computing including machine learning, computer graphics, information retrieval, and bioinformatics. It has numerous applications including in... |
1,108,101,563,957 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are objects emitting high-energy photons.
One detection of a GeV photon from GRB 940217 was reported 17 years
ago \citep{hurley94}. Compared with the previous research, recently,
with Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the {\it Fermi} satellite,
we have more observat... |
1,108,101,563,958 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Single layer graphene,\cite{novo} graphane CH,\cite{graphan,hasanch}
fluorographene CF,\cite{nair,hasancf} BN\cite{BN,mehmetbn} and
MoS$_2$\cite{mos2,canmos2} have displayed unusual chemical and physical
properties for future nanotechnology applications. Furthermore, the properties
of these nanom... |
1,108,101,563,959 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the seminal paper by \citet{ArtznerDelbaenEberHeath1999}, the authors proposed an axiomatic approach to defining risk measures that are meant to give a numerical value of the riskiness of a given financial contract or portfolio. Alternatively, one can view the risk measures as a tool that al... |
1,108,101,563,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The broad range of applications for Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFPs)\cite{ grynkiewicz_new_1985,shaner_improved_2004-1,shimomura_extraction_1962} keeps them in the spotlight of researchers for many years now. However, it seems that once you think you have achieved almost perfect fluorescent pro... |
1,108,101,563,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The eigenstates of the square of the angular momentum operator $L^2$
which are also eigenstates of $L_x+i\eta L_y$,
where $\eta$ is a real parameter,
have been called the {\em intelligent spin states} \cite{aragone}
and have been the subject of intensive analytical studies
\cite{kolodz,rashid}... |
1,108,101,563,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
CT14 parton distribution functions (PDFs)~\cite{Dulat:2015mca} are
obtained in a global analysis of a variety of hadronic scattering
experimental data. They are suitable for general-purpose QCD calculations
at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in other experiments.
The... |
1,108,101,563,963 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
There are many different formulas for evaluating the determinant of a matrix. Apart from the familiar Leibniz formula, there is Laplace formula, Dodgson's
condensation and Gaussian elimination. However, there is no formula to the best
of our knowledge in which Cayley's celebrat... |
1,108,101,563,964 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is natural to expect that an averaging operator should have certain smoothing properties; for instance, the spherical means on $\mathbb{R}^d$ map $L^2$ to $W^{\frac{d-1}{2},2}$ (see for example \S5.21 of Chapter 8 in \cite{SteinHA}). So one could expect that a maximal operator, being a suprem... |
1,108,101,563,965 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
The weighted Hurwitz product arises naturally in the study of weighted derivations
and weighted Rota--Baxter operators; see \cite{GKZ2008, GKZ2014} and their references.
We review these concepts from a~ca\-tegorical perspective in Section~\ref{Review}.
In Section~\ref{gimac} we pre... |
1,108,101,563,966 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{onvolutional} Neural Networks (CNNs) have been one of the cornerstones of Sound Event Classification or Tagging (SET) in recent years \cite{fonseca2020addressing,kong2019panns,gong2021psla,Fonseca2019learning}.
One of their commonly assumed properties is \textit... |
1,108,101,563,967 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Silicon solid-state nanophotonic structures have a large third-order Kerr nonlinearity and strong light confinement, enabling nonlinear optic dynamics with broad impact and applications. Four-wave mixing (FWM), as an elemental nonlinear process, has been deeply investigated in ... |
1,108,101,563,968 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec::introduction}
Given a video sequence, the task of visual tracking is
to locate an object instance whose state is specified at the
first frame. In general, tracking models can be grouped into
three categories, i.e., generative, discriminative and hybrid. Generative models aim to locate... |
1,108,101,563,969 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
The dispersive interaction between a qubit and a cavity forms the basis for qubit state measurement widely employed in superconducting quantum circuits. As predicted by the Jaynes-Cummings model of this interaction \cite{blais_et_al_2004}, each qubit state induces a different s... |
1,108,101,563,970 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In many scientific applications,
from biomedical models
to combustion or air pollution modeling,
stiff differential equations must be solved
to carry out numerical simulations.
A straightforward notion of stiffness was given by Hairer \& Wanner
by stating that {\it stiff equat... |
1,108,101,563,971 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The development of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorems (\cite{Angeles-Martinez:2015sea} and references therein) has lead to an increase of precision in predictions of observables such as the Drell-Yan (DY) transverse momentum spectrum.\\
The Parton Branching (PB) method~\ci... |
1,108,101,563,972 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A theory of prehomogeneous vector spaces, constructed by Sato~\cite{MSato} (see also Sato--Shintani~\cite{MSatoShintani}, Kimura~\cite[Introduction]{Kimura}),
provides a systematic method to construct zeta functions satisfying functional equations.
The Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ can be vie... |
1,108,101,563,973 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Precise knowledge of a planet mass and radius is essential to infer its internal structure and the presence of an atmosphere. This is especially relevant for small exoplanets (below $\sim$3\,R$_{\oplus}$), which could encompass a wide range of compositions from mini-Neptunes with volatile H/He e... |
1,108,101,563,974 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The dwarf planet Haumea \citep{2006ApJ...639.1238R}, its two moons \citep{2005ApJ...632L..45B,2006ApJ...639L..43B}, and its collisional family \citep{2007Nature..446..296} provide important constraints on the formation of Kuiper belt and outer solar system. This well-studied object is the fastest... |
1,108,101,563,975 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Event shape variables are known to exhibit rather large hadronisation effects, not treated by
purely perturbative calculations.
It has been shown \cite{Webber:1994zd} that the size of these corrections varies as
$(\Lambda/Q)$, with $Q$ being the hard scale of the process, for most of the event ... |
1,108,101,563,976 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are a new class of millisecond-timescale, decimeter-wavelength radio transients that potentially occur at cosmological distances (Lorimer et al.\,2007; Thornton et al.\,2013; Spitler et al.\,2014). The dispersion measures of FRBs exceed the expected contribution from the... |
1,108,101,563,977 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Excitation energy transfer (EET) processes represent an important
subclass of transport phenomena in open quantum systems \cite{May2000}.
Studies of EET processes in condensed matter, artificial nano-materials
and biological systems inspire applied renewable energy research,
as ... |
1,108,101,563,978 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a very common {\em in-situ} and {\em ex-situ} tool used in modern laboratories
to probe the stoichiometry of a given material, as well as the oxidation states and local chemical environment of a given element
\cite{XPS_general, XPS_general2, CoreLe... |
1,108,101,563,979 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The experimental search for the QCD deconfinement phase transition in
ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions will enter a new stage when the
relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven will provide data
complementary to those from the CERN SPS \cite{qm97}.
It is desirable to have a co... |
1,108,101,563,980 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The standard model (SM) has passed many tests from various experiments from atomic physics
scale up to a couple of TeV energy range. Still it is well known that the SM
has to be extended in order to accommodate the neutrino masses and mixings,
baryon number asymmetry (BAU) and cold dark matter ... |
1,108,101,563,981 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Due to their direct relevance to the quantum Hall effect
\cite{shapere}, possible connection with high temperature
superconductivity \cite{wilczek} as well as their intellectual
challenges, anyon systems have attracted enormous attention
in the past several years. Almost exclusively, the formu... |
1,108,101,563,982 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}In 1984 Jones \cite{J1, J2} discovered a polynomial invariant of
oriented knots. Later, along this clue, the two-variable HOMFLY-PT \cit
{HOMFLY, PT} and one-variable Kauffman polynomials \cite{Kau1} of oriented
and unoriented links have also been discovered in 1985 and 1987
res... |
1,108,101,563,983 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
String theory has several remarkable features. Most interesting are those that are not present for point particles, but are rather linked to the extended nature of string, like the appearance of stringy symmetries.These are often discovered when compactifying a ten-dimensional superstring theory ... |
1,108,101,563,984 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Shock-ignition (SI) \cite{Betti_2008,Perkins2009} is a direct-drive \cite{Craxton2015} inertial confinement fusion
(ICF) scheme where the fuel assembly and ignition stages of the implosion are decoupled using a characteristic laser
pulse shape.
In the first stage a low-intensity ($10^{14}-10... |
1,108,101,563,985 | arxiv | \section{\label{Intro} Introduction}
The discoveries of high-$T_{\rm c}$ superconductivity in iron pnictides and chalcogenides motivated many efforts to identify the mechanism\cite{Rotter2008a, Chen2008, Sasmal2008, Wu2008, Jeevan2008, Sefat2008, Torikachvili2008, Ishida2009, Alireza2009, Johnston2010, Canfield2010, M... |
1,108,101,563,986 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The celebrated theorem of M. Ratner in 1992 classifies all {\it finite} invariant measures for
unipotent flows on the quotient space of a connected Lie group by its discrete subgroup \cite{Ra}.
The problem of classifying invariant {\it locally finite} Borel measures (i.e., Radon measures)
... |
1,108,101,563,987 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Drones, especially quadrotors, are transformed by enthusiasts in spectacular racing platforms. After years of development, drone racing has become a major e-sports, where the racers fly their drones in a preset course at high speed. It was reported that an experienced first person view (FPV) race... |
1,108,101,563,988 | arxiv | \part{}
\def\spacingset#1{\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}%
{#1}\small\normalsize} \spacingset{1}
\setcounter{Maxaffil}{0}
\renewcommand\Affilfont{\itshape\small}
\spacingset{1.42}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
We study the stability of posterior predictive inferences to the specification of the likelihood mode... |
1,108,101,563,989 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It was known long since that the very basic assumption of the
Shakura-Sunyaev disk (SSD, Shakura \& Sunyaev 1973), that is,
the geometrical thinness of the disk, $H/R \ll 1$, where $H$ is
the half thickness of the disk and $R$ is the radius
in cylindrical coordinates, would break down for the i... |
1,108,101,563,990 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
How did the first objects form after the Big Bang? In hierarchical
cosmogonies (\eg Turner 1998), the first gravitationally bound systems
may have been stars and small star--forming systems which merge to form
galaxies in large dark matter halos. Arising from the end products of
stellar evoluti... |
1,108,101,563,991 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recall that a type $p$ over a set $A$ in a simple theory is {\em
one-based} if for any tuple $\bar a$ of realizations of $p$ and any
$B\supseteq A$ the canonical base $\Cb(\bar a/B)$ is contained in
$\bdd(\bar aA)$. One-basedness implies that the forking geometry is
particularly well-behaved... |
1,108,101,563,992 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Gaussian Processes (GP) are popular and expressive nonparametric models, and considerable effort has gone into alleviating their cubic runtime complexity.
Notable successes include
inducing point methods \citep[e.g.][]{snelson2006sparse,titsias2009variational,hensman2013gaussian... |
1,108,101,563,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Redshift survey of galaxies is a promising way for exploring the nature the dark energy
and testing gravity on the cosmological scales.
Recent results of the baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey (BOSS) date release (DR)
11 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III h... |
1,108,101,563,994 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since time immemorial, the night skies have been a source of inspiration for humankind. People have been influenced by the stars and their arrangements on the sky, and have studied the positions of the stars for agriculture, timekeeping, and navigation --- some indigenous communities continue ... |
1,108,101,563,995 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Under extreme thermodynamic conditions the restoration of chiral symmetry is expected in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The spectral functions of chiral partners become degenerate as a consequence. The most accessible of these chiral pairs is composed of $(\rho,a_1)$, the vector and axial-vecto... |
1,108,101,563,996 | arxiv |
\section{Benchmark}
\label{sec:benchmark}
\subsection{Experimental Setting}
\textbf{Data.} We split our proposed dataset into the train set and test set, with an approximate ratio of $4:1$.
With respect to data augmentation, we utilize online random flip (vertical and horizontal) and Gaussian blur during training. ... |
1,108,101,563,997 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Application of computer vision techniques aimed at object recognition is gathering increasing attention in industrial applications. Among others, prominent applications in this space include robot picking in assembly lines and surface inspection. To address these tasks, the vision system must ... |
1,108,101,563,998 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Heavy elements, "metals", are produced in the universe through nuclear synthesis in massive stars, and are partly returned to the interstellar medium via the explosive collapse of supernovae.
The gas-phase metallicity of galaxies is therefore a powerful diagnostic o... |
1,108,101,563,999 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Currently, over 400 extra-Solar planetary systems have been found;
most of hem around main sequence stars, with a few tens found in wide
binary systems. Typically, such planets are thought to form in a protoplanetary
disk left over following the central star formation in a protostellar
disk \cit... |
1,108,101,564,000 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bitcoin was born in 2009 and since then its value and popularity has been rapidly increasing until its current state, in which it is the most used, assessed and priced cryptocurrency of all. Bitcoin is a pure peer-to-peer cryptocurrency \cite{nakamoto2008bitcoin} where all transactions are stored... |
1,108,101,564,001 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A core challenge in computational game theory is the problem of learning strategies that approximate Nash equilibrium in very large imperfect-information games such as Starcraft~\citep{alphastar}, dark chess~\citep{zhang2021subgame}, and Stratego~\citep{mcaleer2020pipeline}. Due to the size of th... |
1,108,101,564,002 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep learning has produced remarkable results across the full breadth of machine learning research. For the most part this has been achieved through the reapplication of the two main architectures, the \textsc{cnn} and \textsc{rnn}, adapted to two Euclidean cases -- omnidirectional (image-like) a... |
1,108,101,564,003 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{vvv:intro}
The VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea
\citep[VVV,][]{2010Minniti} survey has mapped a 560 deg$^{2}$ area
containing $\sim 3 \times 10^{8}$ point sources with multi-epoch
near-infrared photometry. The surveyed area includes the Milky Way
bulge and an adjacent section... |
1,108,101,564,004 | arxiv | \section{}
\baselineskip 24pt
\def\langle {\langle }
\def \rangle { \rangle }
\def\langle {\langle }
\def\varepsilon{\varepsilon}
\def\lambda^{\star}{\lambda^{\star}}
\def Im{ Im}
\def Re{ Re}
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\b... |
1,108,101,564,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tremendous efforts have been made to understand the symmetry-protected gapped topological phases after the discovery of topological insulators \cite{TIrev,SPTrev}. Following this progress, various theoretical and experimental studies have begun to explore the gapless analogs of symmetry-protecte... |
1,108,101,564,006 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Grasp verification is a necessitate for autonomous robots to determine the state of the grasp while performing object manipulation.
Normally robots need to perform a series of operations that depend on each other. If a task is not done correctly then the robot should re-build the operation sequ... |
1,108,101,564,007 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Giant gravitons\cite{McGreevy:2000cw} provide an ideal laboratory in which non-perturbative effects in string theory can be studied.
The operators dual to giant gravitons moving in the AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ background are
known\cite{Balasubramanian:2001nh},\cite{Corley:2001zk},\cite{Berenstein:200... |
1,108,101,564,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro}
It is commonly held among the wider physics community that the topic of classical measurement is essentially trivial. I don't mean the modeling in physical detail of any one laboratory setup, which of course can get very complicated, but just the examination of ``measurement" as... |
1,108,101,564,009 | arxiv | \section{Background}
\label{sec:background}
The prequential framework for evaluating probability forecasters
was introduced by A.~P.~Dawid in \cite{dawid:1984} and \cite{dawid:1985}.
Suppose two players, Forecaster and Reality,
interact according to the following protocol.
\bigskip
\noindent
\textsc{Binary prequenti... |
1,108,101,564,010 | arxiv |
\subsection*{Acknowledgments}We have profited from helpful discussions
with M. Mantoiu, C.-A. Pillet, L. Rey-Bellet, and J. Rougemont. This work
was partially supported by the Fonds National Suisse.
\mysection{The model}
\label{sec:model}
We will study the model of a (small) classical $N$-particle Hamiltonian
sy... |
1,108,101,564,011 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
It is widely known that a large fraction of local galaxies contain
emission line nuclei that are the result of low nuclear
activity. \citet{ho95apjs:optspec,ho97apjs:specparam,ho97apjs:broadHal}
showed that more than 40\% of 486 nearby galaxies ... |
1,108,101,564,012 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
Emergent properties of artificial or natural complex systems
attract growing interests recently. Some of them are conveniently
modeled with a network, where constituting ingredients and
interactions are represented with vertices and links, respectively.
Watts and Strogatz demonstrate... |
1,108,101,564,013 | arxiv |
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction\protect\\}
High energy diffractive hadronic scattering at small values of four-momentum transfer squared $t$, is dominated by
an exchange of the Pomeron trajectory, a color-singlet object with the
quantum numbers of the vacuum~\cite{barone,donnachie}.
The calculation of cross-se... |
1,108,101,564,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Game theory deals with a situation in which two or more parties compete to
maximize their respective payoffs by playing suitable strategies according
to the known payoff matrix. Extension of game theory to quantum domain with
quantization of the strategy space has shown clear advantage over clas... |
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