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1,108,101,564,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Studying stability and instability of nonlinear waves and coherent structures informs our understanding of spatially extended nonlinear systems, with examples of applications that are of particular relevance to the present work ranging from instability in fluids \cite{doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.37...
1,108,101,564,216
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological defects appear everywhere in physics. Ranging from gravitation and cosmology to Bose-Einstein condensates they are associated to symmetry-breaking phase transitions. In particular, they appear in the isotropic-to-nematic phase transition of calamitic liquid crystals in the form of hed...
1,108,101,564,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most essential characteristics of black holes are the resonant frequencies of the response to external perturbations, called quasinormal frequencies \cite{Kokkotas-99}. Being an analog of normal modes for open systems, they do not depend on the way in which the system is perturbed, ...
1,108,101,564,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Language is an innate mechanism that humans develop \cite{Malmberg2012}. People with hearing problems also seek a way to communicate and need to develop a language that is directly accessible and effective for them. One such language is sign language \cite{Kushwah2017}. Sign languag...
1,108,101,564,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A vector space $A$ is called a Poisson algebra provided that, beside addition, it has two $\mathbb{K}$-bilinear operations which are related by derivation. First, with respect to multiplication, $A$ is a commutative associative algebra; denote the multiplication by $\mu(a,b)$ (or $a\cdot b$ or $...
1,108,101,564,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hankel operators form an important class of operators on spaces of holomorphic functions. Initially there were two descriptions of Hankel operators, one considered it as an operator on the one-sided sequence space $l^2$ into itself, and the other as an operator from the Hardy space $H^2$ of the ...
1,108,101,564,221
arxiv
\subsection{#1} \def\mysection#1{\refstepcounter{section}\subsection{#1}} \def\mysubsection#1{\subsubsection{#1}} \def\arabic{equation}{\arabic{equation}} \font\fourteenbf=cmbx10 scaled\magstep2 \def\normalsize{\normalsize} \def\normalsize{\normalsize} \def\note#1{} \def\goodbreak\noindent{\bf Proof\quad}{\goodbreak\n...
1,108,101,564,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A chiral helimagnet is one of the attractive magnetic materials. In this material, magnetic moments form either left- or right-handed helical rotation. The schematic magnetic structure of the chiral helimagnet is shown in Fig.~\ref{chm_csl}(a). This helical configuration of magnetic moments comes...
1,108,101,564,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Yang-Baxter equation (YBE) was originated from solving the repulsive $\delta$ interaction problem in one-dimension of $N$ particles \cite{th1,th1-1}, and problems of statistical models on lattices \cite{th2,th2-2,th3}. Today, Yang-Baxter equation has become an important tool in physics, an...
1,108,101,564,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace{\parindent} The standard Einstein's gravity theory corresponds to an open region in the real section of the Ashtekar's theory phase space. The boundary\footnote{Meaning here just the closure of the region minus the region itself.} of that region is set up by degenerate data. There...
1,108,101,564,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec0} Informally, the zero-range particle system follows a collection of dependent random walks on the lattice $\mathbb Z^d$ where, from a vertex with $k$ particles, one of the particles displaces by $j$ with rate $(g(k)/k)p(j)$. The function on the non-negative integers $g:\mathbb N_0 \...
1,108,101,564,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Kauffman networks are disordered dynamical systems proposed by Kauffman in 1969 as a model for genetic regulatory systems \cite{K}. They attracted the interest of physicists in the 80's \cite{DP,DW,DF1,F,FK}, due to their analogy with the disordered systems studied in statistical mechanics, such...
1,108,101,564,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical radio galaxies are the quintessential type II active galactic nuclei (AGN): accreting super-massive black holes that have their continuum emission in the UV/optical/NIR absorbed by dust, thus primarily giving them the appearance of {\it normal} star-forming galaxies at these wavel...
1,108,101,564,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{I} Recently, it has been recognized that thermal recombination of quarks plays an important role for hadron production at intermediate $p_t$ in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This idea, first studied in Refs.~\cite{recomb,Fries}, explains the formation of low to intermediate $p_t$ hadr...
1,108,101,564,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A small business is one that has fewer than 1,500 employees and a maximum of \$38.5 million in average annual receipts, according to the Small Business Administration. Small businesses, though, often lack the size, assets (for collateral), financial history, or data that are typically used by tr...
1,108,101,564,230
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The authors would like to thank David Chiang and Katrin Kirchhoff for their support of this research. \section{Analysis} \label{sec:analysis} \subsection{Performance curves} \label{sec:perf-curve} \Cref{fig:dev_bleus} shows that \textsc{PreNorm}\ not only learns faster than \textsc{Pos...
1,108,101,564,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} With the explosive bandwidth demand of wireless devices, milli-meter Wave (mmWave) is considered a promising solution to the spectrum scarcity problem. mmWave provides a large spectrum in the above-$6$ GHz band, i.e., Frequency Range 2 (FR-2). In contrast to sub-$6$ GHz band, FR-...
1,108,101,564,232
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} \input{section/intro_and_related_works} \section{SENSOR DESIGN} \label{sec:sensor_design} \input{section/sensor_design} \section{MODEL-BASED APPROACH} \label{sec:model_based} \input{section/model_based_approach} \section{DEEP-LEARNING BASED APPROACH} \label{sec:learning_base...
1,108,101,564,233
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For many years, Artificial Intelligence research has been focusing on inventing new algorithms and approaches for solving similar kinds of problems. In some scenarios, a new algorithm is clearly superior to previous approaches. In the majority of cases however, a new approach will improve over t...
1,108,101,564,234
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} \medskip \REF\topquark{F. Abe \etal\ [CDF Collaboration], {\sl Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 74} (1995) 2626; S. Abachi \etal\ [D0 Collaboration], {\sl Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 74} (1995) 2632.} \REF\lepglobal{M.G. Alviggi \etal\ [LEP Electroweak Working Group], LEPEWWG/95-01 (1995); M. Calvi, invited t...
1,108,101,564,235
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Large whole-genome sequencing projects have provided access to much of the rare variation in human populations, which is highly informative about population structure and recent demography. Here, we show how the age of rare variants can be estimated from patterns of haplotype sharing and how these a...
1,108,101,564,236
arxiv
\section{Motivation and Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The interaction between the building blocks of matter typically involve potentials with a power law dependence. For charged particles this is the long-range Coulomb potential ($\propto \frac{1}{r}$) \cite{Jackson} whereas for neutral constituents such as ...
1,108,101,564,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For $a\in {\mathbb R}^2$, let $P_a$ be the radial projection from $a$: $$ P_a:\ {\mathbb R}^2 \setminus \{a\} \longrightarrow S^1,\ \ \ P_a(x) = \frac{(x-a)}{|x-a|}\,. $$ \input{abra2.tex} A special case of our theorem asserts that the ``four corner Cantor set" of contraction ratio $1/4$ has r...
1,108,101,564,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum entanglement and nonclassicality of quantum correlations seemed to appear as two sides of the same coin. However some discrepancies from this picture were found. Firstly, it was shown that there exist weakly entangled states that do not give rise to nonclassical correlations \cite{Werner...
1,108,101,564,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $C$ be a non-empty finite set, and $\Gamma$ a subgroup of the symmetric group $S(C)$. Given a bijection $f:A \times C \to B \times C$, the problem of \emph{$\Gamma$-equivariant division} is to find a \emph{quotient bijection} $h:A \to B$ respecting whatever symmetries $f$ may have under th...
1,108,101,564,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Over the last 15 years, a lot of progress has been achieved in high-dimensional statistics where the number of parameters can be much larger than sample size, covering (nearly) optimal point estimation, efficient computation and applications in many different areas; see, for ex...
1,108,101,564,241
arxiv
\section{Overview of the Large-$N_c$ Approach to Meson-Baryon Scattering} \label{sec:introdn} It is well known\cite{tHooft,Veneziano,WittenI,ColWit,Georgi,Luty} that QCD simplifies greatly in the limit $N_c\rightarrow\infty$, $N_c$ being the number of colors. Not surprisingly, the large-$N_c$ limit has likewise pr...
1,108,101,564,242
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that vortex motion under the action of an applied current in superconducting films in a perpendicular magnetic field $B$ at high dissipation levels becomes unstable at some critical vortex velocity $v^\ast$. For the flux flow regime at temperatures near the superconducting trans...
1,108,101,564,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s-intro} A {\it blocker problem} asks whether given a graph $G$, a graph parameter $\pi$, a set $\mathcal{O}$ of one or more graph operations and an integer $k \geq 1$, $G$ can be transformed into a graph $G'$ by using at most $k$ operations from $\mathcal{O}$ such that $\pi(G') \leq \pi(...
1,108,101,564,244
arxiv
\section*{Supplemental Material} \subsection{Generating functional for exponential correlation functions} \label{sec:exp_phi} Here we provide detailed derivation of the phase correlation functions Eq. (8) of the main text. The imaginary time action for the Hamiltonian Eq. (7) reads \begin{equation} S[\phi_i(\tau)]...
1,108,101,564,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In the last few years there has been a great deal of interest in the `landscape' program as a mechanism for extracting phenomenological predictions from string theory by doing statistics on sets of potential vacua. One of the potential problems with this program is that the pot...
1,108,101,564,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hypothesis testing on large covariance matrices has received considerable attention in the past decade. The covariance matrices not only have the fundamental importance in multivariate statistics such as discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, and clustering \citep{anderson2003intro...
1,108,101,564,247
arxiv
\section{Related Work} There exists a number of works in the literature that have tackled continuous planning for IMU-aided systems. A common approach used, which is optimization based, generates minimum snap trajectories for quadrotor systems~\cite{mellinger2011minimum}. The approach generates trajectories that minimi...
1,108,101,564,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction} ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates ha...
1,108,101,564,249
arxiv
\section{Fermi surface and orbital dependent superconducting gap} In FeSe, it has been reported that the Fermi pockets in the nematic state are extremely small and shallow. Figure\,S1(a) shows a schematic illustration of the Fermi surface of FeSe in the nematic state in the unfolded Brillouin zone proposed in Ref.~[15]...
1,108,101,564,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Despite extensive studies during last decades, physics of the light scalar mesons $a_0(980)$ ($I^G(J^{PC}) = 1^-(0^{++})$), $f_0(980)$ and $f_0(600) \equiv \sigma$ ($I^G(J^{PC}) = 0^+(0^{++})$) is far from complete understanding. In particular, there are doubts whether simple quar...
1,108,101,564,251
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{Introduction} \label{sec: intro} The energy-level properties of excited nuclei (called the nuclear level scheme), which include the level energies, spins, parities, and gamma-rays associated with the excited levels, are important for the study of nuclear structure physics, nuclear reactions...
1,108,101,564,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \lipsum[1-7] \else \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In this paper, we propose what we believe is the first fully-distributed method for the estimation of all the quantities and parameters needed by a team of ground (planar) mobile robots to collectively manipulate an...
1,108,101,564,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The moduli space $\mathscr{F}$ of polarized K3 surfaces is often constructed as the arithmetic quotient of a Hermitian symmetric domain, and comes with a natural Baily-Borel compactification $\mathscr{F} \subset \mathscr{F}^*$. A long standing problem has been to compare this compactifcation with...
1,108,101,564,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Human spatial action localization and classification in videos are challenging tasks that are key to better video understanding. Action detection is especially challenging, as it requires localizing the actor in the scene, as well as classifying the action. This is done for every frame in a video...
1,108,101,564,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S72} \subsection{Description of the problem investigated} In recent years there has been a rapid development in the field of self-similar Iterated Function Systems (IFS) with overlapping construction. Most importantly, Hochman \cite{Hochman} proved for any self-similar measure $\nu$ that ...
1,108,101,564,256
arxiv
\section*{Executive summary} Magnetic fields are involved in every astrophysical process on every scale: from planetary and stellar interiors to neutron stars, stellar wind bubbles and supernova remnants; from the interstellar medium in galactic disks, nuclei, spiral arms and halos to the intracluster and intergalactic...
1,108,101,564,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past few decades, scattering polarization and its modification in the presence of a magnetic field have become fundamental diagnostics of many physical properties of astrophysical plasmas \citep{review-1,review-2}. In particular, spectrally resolved observations of the polarized radia...
1,108,101,564,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fractal structures have been observed in a large variety of experimental systems in physics, chemistry and biology.\cite{Mandelbrot,Feder,Avnir:book,Bunde,Stanley,Schroeder} Unlike exact (mathematical) fractals which are constructed to maintain scale invariance over many orders of magnitude, and...
1,108,101,564,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Let $\mca E$ be a locally free sheaf on a projective line $\bb P^1$ over a field $k$. As was proven by Grothendieck \cite{Gr}, the sheaf $\mca E$ decomposes into a direct sum of line bundles on $\bb P^1$ and the decomposition is unique up to isomorphisms. Hence we have a complet...
1,108,101,564,260
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The usage of integrable techniques in the context of the gauge-string correspondence \cite{M} provided us with an unpreceded analytic insight into the problem of higher orders of perturbation theory in the planar maximally supersymmetric ${\cal N}=4$ gauge theory, as well as with important res...
1,108,101,564,261
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Imaging electronic dynamics in molecules immediately following photoexcitation is of utmost interest to photochemistry as the first few femtoseconds can determine the fate of ensuing reactions \cite{Worner2017, Wolter2016, Kubel2016}. Electronic and nuclear dynamics have been probed with attosec...
1,108,101,564,262
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Observations of distant Supernovae (SNe Ia) (Perlmutter et al. 1997, 1998, 1999; Riess et al. 1998, 2000; Garnavich et al. 1998a,b; Schmidt et al. 1998; Tonry et al. 2003; Clocchiatti et al. 2006), fluctuation of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) (de Bernardis et al. 1998; Hanany et a...
1,108,101,564,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the discovery of multiferroic properties in TbMnO$_3$,\cite{Kimura} the field of multiferroic materials have attracted a lot of interest.\cite{Fiebig,Eerenstein,Maxim} This interest arises from the emergence of new fundamental physics\cite{electromagnon} and potential technological appli...
1,108,101,564,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1976 Ribe~\cite{Ribe76} (see also~\cite{Ribe78}, \cite{HM82}, \cite{Bourgain87}, \cite{BL00}) proved that if $X$ and $Y$ are uniformly homeomorphic Banach spaces then $X$ is finitely representable in $Y$, and vice versa ($X$ is said to be finitely representable in $Y$ if there exists a const...
1,108,101,564,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} The recent tunneling experiments on Ga$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$As by Richardella et al.~\cite{Yazdani} have demonstrated critical, multifractal correlations in the local tunneling density of states at the metal-insulator transition in this semiconductor. While this would be expected from the theory of Ande...
1,108,101,564,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Resonance energy transfer (RET) \cite{Forster1946,GovorovBook,Jones2019} constitutes an important mechanism through which an excited quantum emitter (donor) may transfer its energy to a neighboring one in the ground state (acceptor). Amid the several situations where RET plays a relevant role, ...
1,108,101,564,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction The training of a machine learning model is often represented through an optimization problem. The goal is to calibrate the model's parameters to optimize its goodness-of-fit with respect to training data. The goodness-of-fit is usually quantified through a loss function that sums up the losses ...
1,108,101,564,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Network analysis consists of numerous tasks including community detection~\cite{fortunato2010community}, role discovery~\cite{rossi2015role}, link prediction~\cite{liben2007link}, etc. As relations exist between nodes that disobey the \textit{i.i.d} assumption, it is non-trivial to ...
1,108,101,564,269
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction} Two-phase xenon detectors have become a leading detector technology in searches for WIMP (weakly interacting massive particle) dark matter \cite{Akerib:2016,PandaX,XENON100}, searches for axions and axion-like particles \cite{Aprile:2014,Akerib:2017}, and detection of cohe...
1,108,101,564,270
arxiv
\section{} The Landau-Lifshitz equations for a double sublattice weak ferromagnet can be represented in the form~\footnote[1]{For definiteness, we examine a crystal of rhombic symmetry.} \begin{equation} \label{1} \begin{aligned} \dot{\bm{M} }_i &= \gamma \left [ \bm{M}_i ,\frac{\delta W }{\delta \bm{M}_i}\right ]...
1,108,101,564,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The charm quark is the lightest of the heavy quarks. Yet, the value of its mass $m_c$ is much larger than the scale $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}$ of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), i.e., $m_c \gg \Lambda_{\rm QCD}$. Thus, scattering processes involving charm quarks are subject to QCD dynamics at scales o...
1,108,101,564,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The birth of coorbit theory dates back to the 1980ies, starting with a series of papers by Feichtinger and Gröchenig~\cite{FeGr86, Gr88, Gr91}. The main intention was to characterize function spaces via an abstract transform, the so-called voice transform. In the original setup, this transform ...
1,108,101,564,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been well-known that Dirichlet forms provide an elegant way to characterize Markov processes. Any regular symmetric Dirichlet form admits a symmetric Hunt process (see, for instance, \cite[Theorem 1.5.1, Theorem 3.1.12]{CF}) associated with it. Furthermore, there is a one-to-one correspo...
1,108,101,564,274
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} It was about 8:00 pm on Saturday, May $26^{\textrm{\tiny th}}$, 2018, when firemen were alerted by pedestrians that a child was hanging on the railing of the $4^{\textrm{\tiny th}}$ floor of a building in Paris (France)\cite{LCI,Parisien,FranceSoir1,CNews,China}. When they arrived on the scene, ...
1,108,101,564,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Thermal effects cause many challenges in a broad variety of semiconductor devices. Thermal instabilities limit the safe-operating area of high power devices and modules in electrical energy technology \citep{Lutz2011,Schulze2012}, electro-thermal feedback loops lead to catastrophic snapback phen...
1,108,101,564,276
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Braneworld cosmology is based on the scenario in which matter is confined on a brane moving in the higher dimensional bulk with only gravity allowed to propagate in the bulk \cite{arkani,antoniadis}. Among many braneworld models a particularly important are the two versions of the Ran...
1,108,101,564,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Fermi liquid \cite{lifshitz2013statistical, pines2018theory} is a conventional and ubiquitous phase of matter in condensed matter physics, modeling the universal low-energy features of electrons in metals. Despite its long history of study, there has been renewed interest in the Fermi liquid...
1,108,101,564,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \begin{figure*} \setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt} \centering ~\hfill \fbox{\includegraphics[height=4cm]{arrangement1-croppedSmall.JPG}} \fbox{\includegraphics[height=4cm]{arrangement2-croppedSmall.JPG}} \fbox{\includegraphics[height=4cm]{arrangement3-croppedSmall.JPG}}\hfill \fbox{\inc...
1,108,101,564,279
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@ {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex {2.3ex \@plus.2ex {\normalfont\large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@ ...
1,108,101,564,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} In these lectures we wish to provide an introduction to the phase structure of QCD. The phase of QCD that we live in is characterized by the permanent confinement of quarks, and the existence of a large mass gap. There are several reasons for trying to understand whether o...
1,108,101,564,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Historically, thermodynamics started with the goal of trying to understand how to convert heat into useful mechanical motion. For that purpose, steam engines have been developed which revolutionized our lives. Other useful thermal machines, such as refrigerators and heat pumps, followed. Naturall...
1,108,101,564,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Laboratory plasma-astrophysics has became one of the most significant branches engrossing in astrophysics over the last decades. As an alternative method apart from the classical observation and numerical simulation \cite{Overview1, Overview2}, it provides a novel methodo...
1,108,101,564,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exactly four centuries ago, spots on the surface of the Sun were first detected by Galileo. Sunspots are cool regions of strong concentration of magnetic fields on the photosphere of the Sun. Presently, thanks to the observations with unprecedented photometric precision of the CoRoT satellite \c...
1,108,101,564,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this paper is to give a reasonably self-contained account of some key geometric features of a class of (nonlinear) scalar second order hyperbolic partial dif\/ferential equations (PDE) in the plane (i.e.\ in two independent variables) that has received surprisingly very little at...
1,108,101,564,285
arxiv
\section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.15cm}{#1}} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1}} \newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqnarray}} \newcommand{\end{eqnarray}}{\end{eqnarray}} \newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqnarray}} \newcommand{\end{eqnarray}}{\end{eqnarray}} \n...
1,108,101,564,286
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations have ever confirmed the so-called transient period of acceleration (TPA)~\cite{ob}, in this regard any realistic cosmological model should include component(s) with negative pressure. In this work we consider a spatially flat Friedmann-Roberston-Walker (FRW) cosmology where the co...
1,108,101,564,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-speed flows (e.g. hypersonic flows \cite{Anderson}) and space plasmas \cite{Poedts} are typically characterized by strong shocks, shock/shock and/or shock/diffusion layers interactions. The numerical simulation of such flow problems may require extremely fine meshes over narrow regions of th...
1,108,101,564,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Compactness and nuclearity conditions, which characterize phase space properties, proved useful in the study of many aspects of Quantum Field Theory \cite{HS, BW, BJ, Scaling, Bos1, Bos2, Gan1}. Verification of phase space conditions in models \cite{BW,BJ1,universal,BP, Bos1, Dyb} is an integral ...
1,108,101,564,289
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement} We thank S.H. Shao, Y. D. Huang and C. I. Chiang for interesting and inspiring discussions. This research is supported by Taiwan National Science Council under Project No. NSC 97-2112-M-002-026-MY3 and by US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03- 76SF00515. We also thank the support...
1,108,101,564,290
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Consider the stochastic heat equation \bel{eq000} \frac{\partial u(t,x)}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial^2 u(t,x)}{\partial x^2} + u(t,x) \dot{W}, \ee where $\dot{W}$ is a Gaussian white noise. Motivated by various applications in physics, equation \eqref{eq000} is of...
1,108,101,564,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Image analysis as the intersection of digital signal processing, mathematical models, and machine perception has made a big advance in variety of scientific and commercial applications consisting biomedicine, medicine, and industry by assisting the extraction of semantic information from digital ...
1,108,101,564,292
arxiv
\section{I. INTRODUCTION} Since the successful exfoliation of various two dimensional (2D) crystals in 2005~\cite{Novoselov2005}, the layered materials in a single layer as well as bulk forms have attracted serious attention owing to their versatile physical properties~\cite{Gupta2015,Geim2013}. Among them, the layere...
1,108,101,564,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It would be desirable to create an artificial system that exploits the basic principles of natural photosynthesis in order to produce energy in an usable form \cite{GustSc89,Gust01,Crabtree07,LaVan06,Wasiel06,Hambourger09,Barber09}. Indeed, natural photosynthetic structures efficiently convert th...
1,108,101,564,294
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) \cite{lideng}, thanks to the substantial performance improvement achieved with modern deep learning technologies \cite{Goodfellow-et-al-2016-Book}, has recently been applied in several fields, and it is currently used by millions of users worl...
1,108,101,564,295
arxiv
\section{For every submission} \subsection{Did you discuss the \textit{limitations} of your work?} If you answer {\bf Yes}, provide the section number; if you answer {\bf No}, provide a justification. \\[0.3cm] \begin{Form} \begin{tabular}{l} \cm{mainClaims}{Yes,No,N/A}\\[0.2cm] \tf[0.85]{mainClaimsJustificat...
1,108,101,564,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To answer the questions concerning cosmic star formation history and galaxy evolution, it is critical to have a comprehensive understanding of the infrared (IR) luminous population of galaxies \citep{Casey14,Kirkpatrick12,Madau14,Sanders14}. They are presumably star-forming systems containing ...
1,108,101,564,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $ 0 < T < \infty $ and let $ \Omega \subset \mathbb R^d $ ($d=1,2,3$) be a bounded domain with Lipschitz continuous boundary. Assume that $ \mathcal A $ is the realization of a second-order partial differential operator with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition in $ L^2(\Omega) $. W...
1,108,101,564,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Given a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \Cb^d$, let $K_\Omega: \Omega\times \Omega \rightarrow \Rb_{\geq 0}$ be the Kobayashi distance and let $k_\Omega: \Omega\times \Cb^d \rightarrow \Rb_{\geq 0}$ be the infinitesimal Kobayashi metric (also known as the Kobayashi--Royden metric...
1,108,101,564,299
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements\label{sec:acknowl}} This work presents results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission \textit{Gaia}. \textit{Gaia}\ data are being processed by the \textit{Gaia}\ Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC is provided by national institutions, in particul...
1,108,101,564,300
arxiv
\subsection{Ideal Liouville domains in their own} \begin{definition}[Ideal Liouville Domains] \label{d:ild} An \emph{ideal Liouville domain} $(F,\omega)$ is a domain $F$ endowed with an ideal Liouville structure $\omega$. This \emph{ideal Liouville structure} is an exact symplectic form on $\Int F$ admitting a pr...
1,108,101,564,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The largest class of high-temperature superconductors includes materials that are formed of intercalated two-dimensional (2D) structures, such as YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$ and iron-based superconductors. The simplest such structure is MgB$_{2}$, in which a layered flat hexagonal material is intercalate...
1,108,101,564,302
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} We assume that algebras are finite dimensional over a field $K$. For $n \geq 1$, an $A$-module $M$ is called an \emph{$n$-cluster tilting module} if it satisfies: \begin{align*} \operatorname{\mathrm{add}}(M) &= \{X \in \mod-A \mid \operatorname{Ext}_A^i(M,X)=0 \ \text{for} \ 1 \leq i \leq n...
1,108,101,564,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Flowing granular materials tend to segregate by particle size, density, or other physical properties, which is a phenomenon crucial to many industrial and geophysical processes \cite{ottino2000mixing,ottino2008mixing,frey2009river}. Despite decades of research on this topic, fundamental aspects ...
1,108,101,564,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Orbiting stars $\gtrsim 10$ Myr old, ``debris disks'' are thought to trace the aftermath of planet formation (for a review, see \citealt{wyatt08}). By definition, they are composed of optically thin dust grains, generated from the collisional attrition of larger parents. Observati...
1,108,101,564,305
arxiv
\section{introduction} \label{sec:1} Einstein and Rosen introduced the concept of wormholes, as early as in 1935 \cite{Einstein:1935tc}, which generate `short-cuts' in spacetime and allow `apparently faster than light' travel \citep{Visser:1995cc, Hawking:1973uf, Wald:1984rg, lobo2017wormholes, Witten:2019qhl} between...
1,108,101,564,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Up to an energy of $\sim 3\times10^{15}$ eV, the energy spectrum of the primary cosmic radiation (PCR) is well described by a power law with an index of 2.7. At higher energy the index increases rapidly to 3.1 creating the knee in the energy spectrum. It is now more than 50 years since the knee ...
1,108,101,564,307
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{phd_am.eps}\hspace{\stretch{1}}\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{phd_qcd.eps} \caption{Schematic phase diagram of the 3D Anderson model (left) and QCD (right) in the disorder/eigenvalue plane.} \label{fig:1} \e...
1,108,101,564,308
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sect1} Recently, separably injective Banach spaces have been studied in depth by Avil\'es, Cabello S\'anchez, Castillo, Gonz\'alez and Moreno in \cite{AC13,av,AC16}, where one can find a number of interesting examples of these spaces despite the scarcity of examples of injective Bana...
1,108,101,564,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum annealing (QA) \cite{kadowaki_quantum_1998,farhi_quantum_2001,finnila_quantum_1994,Brooke1999,Santoro} usually refers to a family of analog quantum optimization algorithms that interpolate between an initial Hamiltonian whose ground state is easy to prepare and a final Hamiltonian whose ...
1,108,101,564,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Last decade has seen a major shift in stellar spectroscopy: a slow collection of individual spectra has been accelerated by massive surveys, mostly using fiber-fed spectrographs with hundreds of spectra observed simultaneously. The past and ongoing efforts include RAVE \citep{Steinmetz2006,Zw...
1,108,101,564,311
arxiv
\section{\label{intro}Introduction} In solids subject to a magnetic field $B$, the energy spectrum of charge carriers is quantized into Landau levels (LLs). The magneto-oscillations (MOs) observed in the Shubnikov-de Haas and de Haas-van Alphen effects reflect the oscillations of the density of states (DOS) with the fi...
1,108,101,564,312
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spintronics is based on the increasing efforts to replace or supplement electronic devices by devices that exploit spin-transport phenomena. Especially, in magnonic devices one would try to avoid charge currents, utilizing magnons -- the elementary excitations of a magnets ground state -- for the...
1,108,101,564,313
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observation of the cutoff in the spectrum of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) \citep{Abbasi:2007sv,Abraham:2008ru} as predicted by \citet{Greisen:1966jv,Zatsepin:1966jv} provides compelling evidence for the shortening of the UHECR propagation length at high energies. The highest energy...
1,108,101,564,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The covariant exterior derivative on associated vector bundles \cite{NaturalOperations} that possesses a structure of a fiber manifold is one of the primary tools of modern differential geometry \cite{KobayashiNomizu, NaturalOperations}. Moreover, the fundamental physical theories as gauge theor...