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1,108,101,564,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Field-theoretic models with polynomial self-interaction are of growing interest in various areas of modern physics, from cosmology and high energy physics to condensed matter theory \cite{vilenkin01,manton,khare}.
In $(1+1)$-dimensional models of a real scalar field with a high-order polynomial... |
1,108,101,564,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A Coxeter group $G$ of rank $n$ is an abstract group that can be defined by the generators $S = \{ s_1, s_2, \dots, s_n \}$ and relations as follows:
\begin{equation}
G = \langle s_1, s_2, \dots, s_n\, |\, s^2_i = 1, (s_i s_j)^{m_{ij}} = 1,\, 1 \leq i < j \leq n \rangle,
\end{e... |
1,108,101,564,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cosmological observations
of type Ia supernovae \cite{Riess,Riess2,Perlmutter}, the cosmic microwave background \cite{Spergel,Komatsu},
and the large scale structures \cite{Percival,sloan,Allen,Rapetti} indicate that the universe undergoes
a phase of accelerated expansion, and this discovery
o... |
1,108,101,564,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Learning renders robots capable of performing well a variety of tasks in a diversity of environments and has recently attracted worldwide attention \cite{Kaelbling915}. Many types of learning topics are investigated in robotics, such as imitation learning and reinforcement learning, and a good m... |
1,108,101,564,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $\psi(3770)$ is the lowest
mass charmonium state above the $D\bar{D}$ threshold, and
is generally regarded as the $1^{3}D_{1}$ dominant charmonium
state~\cite{3770}.
To investigate the nature of the $\psi(3770)$ resonance, the BESIII Collaboration
performed a
cross-section scan experim... |
1,108,101,564,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of microswimming has exploded in recent years with the advent of
precise, well-controlled experiments. (See for instance the reviews
of~\citet{Pedley1992} and~\citet{Lauga2009}.) This has uncovered a plethora of
fascinating behavior, for example the complex interacti... |
1,108,101,564,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rapid technological developments since the early 1990s have provided us with an enormous amount of
information about the existence of Supermassive Black Holes (\texttt{SMBH}s; $M_{bh}\thicksim 10^{5}-10^{9} M_{\sun}$)
in almost all galaxies \citep{KormendyRichstone1995}. Studies have shown that t... |
1,108,101,564,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
Several of the most important conjectures in modern number theory, such as the Bloch--Kato and Beilinson conjectures, relate the special values of $L$-functions to arithmetic data. In much of the work on these conjectures to date, an important role has been played by \... |
1,108,101,564,623 | arxiv | \section{Prediction of positive parity $B_s$ mesons}
The discovery of the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ by BaBar \cite{Aubert:2003fg} and the subsequent
discovery of the $D_{s1}(2460)$ more than 10 years ago revealed an unexpected
peculiarity: unlike expected by potential models, these states turned out to
be narrow states below t... |
1,108,101,564,624 | arxiv | \section{The idea of Bézout's theorem for $n>2$}
The theorem for $n=2$ was known long before Bézout. Although the modern mind is inclined to think of the theorem for $n>2$ as a natural generalization of the case $n=2$, a mathematician rarely formulates a conjecture before having any clue or hope about its truth. Thus,... |
1,108,101,564,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(X,d,\mu)$ be a complete metric space equipped with a Radon measure $\mu$.
The total variation of a function of bounded variation ($\mathrm{BV}$ function) $u$ in an open set $\Omega\subset X$ is defined by means of approximation with locally Lipschitz functions, that is,
\begin{equation}\la... |
1,108,101,564,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When $N$ is a power of $2$, the Walsh-Hadamard transform is defined recursively by $H_2 = \begin{bmatrix}
1 & 1\\
1 & -1\\
\end{bmatrix},$ and $$H_N = \begin{bmatrix}
H_{N/2} & H_{N/2}\\
H_{N/2} & -H_{N/2}\\
\end{bmatrix}.$$ A common task in many areas of computation is to \emph{compute the leng... |
1,108,101,564,627 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In astrophysical environments, dust grains condense in the metal-rich
cooling gas such as the stellar winds from evolved stars and the
expanding ejecta of novae and supernovae (SNe).
Once newly formed dust grains are injected into the interstellar
medium (ISM), they cause interstellar extinct... |
1,108,101,564,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Recently, a new decoding rule called jar decoding was proposed in \cite{yang-meng:jardecoding}, \cite{yang-meng:isit2012_jardecoding}, under which the decoder first forms a set of suitable size, called a jar, consisting of sequences from the cha... |
1,108,101,564,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Leptogenesis \cite{fy} is based on a popular extension of the Standard Model,
where three right-handed (RH) neutrinos $N_{R i}$, with a Majorana mass term
$M$ and Yukawa couplings $h$, are added to the SM Lagrangian,
\begin{equation}\label{lagrangian}
\mathcal{L}= \mathcal{L}_{\rm SM} +i \overli... |
1,108,101,564,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Internet of Everything (IoE) is one of the major applications of future 6G wireless communication networks \cite{matthaiou2021road}. The fact that many IoE devices connected to the network are either battery-powered or battery-less \cite{hu2020energy} gives rise to the need to energize t... |
1,108,101,564,631 | arxiv |
\section{Experimental Setup in Detail}
\label{appendix:exp-setup-in-detail}
\textbf{Setup.}
We implement our attack framework using Python 3.7.3 and PyTorch 1.7.1\footnote{PyTorch: {\scriptsize \url{https://pytorch.org/}}. } that supports CUDA 11.0 for accelerating computations by using GPUs.
We run our experi... |
1,108,101,564,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many observables in nuclear collisions are difficult to calculate analytically
because the number of particles is neither large enough to justify rigorously
the application of statistical mechanics
nor small enough to justify impulse approximations. In most cases,
numerical simulations of tra... |
1,108,101,564,633 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{utonomous} driving has received much attention in both academia and industry. It aims to perceive the surrounding environment via various sensors and make the decision correspondingly. It involves many tasks, like pedestrian detection \cite{zhu2016traffic,li2018scale,tian2015ped... |
1,108,101,564,634 | arxiv | \subsection{Background: Variational Autoencoders}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\subfigure[VAE]{\includegraphics[width=0.17\linewidth]{figs/vae}}
\qquad \qquad \qquad
\subfigure[GMVAE]{\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{figs/gmvae}}
\caption{Generative (solid line) and inference (dashed lines) of VAE and GMV... |
1,108,101,564,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The properties of gas matter in more than two-thirds of the galaxy cluster volume
are still largely unknown.
In order to further improve our use of clusters as high-precision cosmological tools, it is therefore necessary to gain insight into the thermodynamics of their outer re... |
1,108,101,564,636 | arxiv |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:Introduction}
$B$ meson decays to final states containing
an axial-vector meson and a pseudoscalar meson
have been recently studied both experimentally and
theoretically. Branching fractions of the $B$ mesons decays to final
states containing an $a_1(1260)$ or $b_1$ meson associate... |
1,108,101,564,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The tangent space to an integral projective variety $X \subset \mathbb P^N$ of dimension $n$ in a smooth point $P$, named $T_P X$,
is always of dimension $n$. It is no longer true for the osculating spaces. For instance, as it was pointed out by Togliatti in \cite{To}, the
osculating space... |
1,108,101,564,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The word \emph{scheduling} refers to the allocation of resources between
different competing tasks. This generic, abstract definition reflects the
pervasiveness of the scheduling concern across disciplinary fields.
A concrete class of scheduling problems is obtained by s... |
1,108,101,564,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{introduction}
As indicated by the recent fatalities \cite{ntsbreport}, the current sensors in self-driving vehicles with level 2 and level 3 autonomy (lacking thermal imaging) do not adequately detect vehicles and pedestrians. Pedestrians are especially at risk after dark, when 75\% of th... |
1,108,101,564,640 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction }
In 1968, Rentschler \cite{Rentschler1968} established in a pioneering
work that every algebraic action of the additive group $\mathbb{G}_{a}=\mathbb{G}_{a,\mathbb{C}}$
on the complex affine space $\mathbb{A}^{2}$ is triangular in a suitable
polynomial coordinate system. Consequently, every set... |
1,108,101,564,641 | arxiv | \section{Lecture One: Tetrahedral Condensed Matter}
Water acts in many ways, from dissolving salt to creating the medium for all life on Earth. It is so important and multifaceted that whole books can be and are written about it. See, for example, David Eisenberg's and Walter Kauzmann's timeless and recently re-issu... |
1,108,101,564,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Todays astrometry necessitates theoretical predictions of light-deflection by massive bodies on microarcsecond
($\mu{\rm as}$) level, e.g. astrometric missions SIM (NASA) or GAIA (ESA). In principle, an
astrometric precision on microarcsecond level can be achieved by numerical integration of geo... |
1,108,101,564,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The process of charge transport in molecular junctions has received much
attention recently.\cite{ree97:252,joa00:541,Nitzan01,nit03:1384,Cuniberti05,Selzer06,Venkataraman06,Chen07,Galperin08b,Cuevas10}
Single molecule junctions, consisting of single
molecules that are chemically bound to met... |
1,108,101,564,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
RadioAstron is an international collaborative mission with a 10-m radio telescope onboard the SPEKTR-R spacecraft launched in July 2011 \cite[]{Kovalev2012,Sokolovsky2013, Kovalev2014}. The~space telescope observes at wavelengths of 92\,cm (324\,MHz, P-band), 18\,cm (1.7\,GHz, L-band), 6\,cm (4.... |
1,108,101,564,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over $\mathbb{Q}$ and let $X$ be a $G(\mathbb{R})$-conjugacy class of homomorphisms $\mathbb{S}\to G_{\mathbb{R}}$ such that the pair $(G,X)$ is a Shimura datum. Then for any sufficiently small open and compact subgroup $K\subseteq G(\mathbb{A}_f)$ the asso... |
1,108,101,564,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In this work, we propose a novel computational approach for optimal
reconstruction of biomedical images based on any available measurements
usually obtained with some noise. In particular, this approach is useful
in various applications for medical practices dealing with... |
1,108,101,564,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider bounded vector fields $b \in L^\infty \big((0,T)\times \mathbb{R}^d; \mathbb{R}^d\big)$.
Although the analysis of this paper is limited to the case of autonomous vector fields with $d=2$, we introduce the relevant notions and the related results in the general setting. The following n... |
1,108,101,564,648 | arxiv |
\subsection{Selection as a Function of Treatment Alone}
Consider the most basic scenario of IV selection bias in Figure \ref{fig:IVDAGBaseline}.
As stated above, $ Z $ in this model is a valid instrumental variable for the causal effect of $ T $ on $ Y $, $ \beta $ , if the analysis does not condition on $ S $.
C... |
1,108,101,564,649 | arxiv | \section{Hardness of Euclidean All-Nearest Neighbors}
Here we prove hardness for All-Nearest Neighbors in $\omega(\log n)$ dimensions:
\begin{reminder}{Theorem~\ref{all-nn}} Under OVC, the All-Nearest Neighbors problem in $\ell^{\omega(\log n)}_2$ requires $n^{2-o(1)}$ time, even restricted to vectors with entries f... |
1,108,101,564,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\renewcommand{\thethm}{\Alph{thm}}
Recently, Du and Ni \cite{DN21} considered the following monostable cooperative systems with nonlocal diffusion and free boundaries
\bes\label{1.1}\left\{\begin{aligned}
&\partial_t u_i=d_i\mathcal{L}[u_i](t,x)+f_i(u_1,u_2,\cdots,u_m),&&t>0,~x\in(g(t),h(t))... |
1,108,101,564,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We give an algorithm which is at the heart of a type
diagnosis system for a higher-order concurrent
constraint language, viz.~the $\gamma$ calculus
\cite{Smolka:GammaCalculus:94} which is the underlying
operational model of the programming language Oz \cite{ozdoc}.
The algorithm decides satisfia... |
1,108,101,564,652 | arxiv | \section{Interacting soft gluons in the small-$x_B$ region of DIS}
\label{sec:1}
A number of striking phenomena have
been observed in recent
deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering (DIS) experiments
in the small-$x_B$ region. In particular it is seen,
that the contribution of the gluons dominates\cite{r1},
and th... |
1,108,101,564,653 | arxiv | \section{\normalfont\normalsize\abstractname}}
{\section*{\normalfont\normalsize\abstractname}}
{}{\typeout{Failed to patch abstract.}}
\patchcmd{\HyOrg@maketitle}
{\section{\protect\normalfont{\@title}}}
{\section*{\protect\normalfont{\@title}}}
{}{\typeout{Failed to patch title.}}
\makeatother
\shorttitle{B... |
1,108,101,564,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The hadronic states studied in hadron spectroscopy have been successfully explained by quark-antiquark states (mesons) or three quark states (baryons). States whose quantum numbers could be understood in terms of more complex quark structures were up to now not observed. Such exotic states were... |
1,108,101,564,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the finite temperature phase transition in QCD with Wilson
fermions is much more complicated than in the staggered fermion formulation,
because of the absence of an order parameter due to explicit chiral symmetry
breaking. This means e.g. that the existence of a massless pion at fin... |
1,108,101,564,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\citet{Snowden_etal_1994} reported the existence of mysterious X-ray
contamination episodes in the {\it ROSAT} all sky survey data which they
termed long-term enhancements (LTEs). During an LTE, the X-ray counting
rate in the lower energy bands as much as doubled on a time scale of
1--2~days. ... |
1,108,101,564,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the recent past, the Chern--Simons (C-S) field
theories \cite{jao,hageno} have been intensively studied in connection
with several
physical and mathematical applications \cite{csapps,ienkur}.
A convenient gauge fixing for these theories is provided by the Coulomb gauge.
As a matter of fact, ... |
1,108,101,564,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Geometrically distinguished families of curves on a skew ruled surface in the
Euclidean space
\mathbb{R}
^{3}$ have been studied by a number of authors and in many points of view. A
range of results appears when one requires that the curves of the considered
family possess an additional p... |
1,108,101,564,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Testing the isotropy of the speed of light serves as a sensitive test of special relativity and Lorentz invariance. The classic experiment to test the isotropy of the speed of light uses a Michelson interferometer and was first performed by A.A. Michelson more than hundred years ago. He was later... |
1,108,101,564,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{SEC:Intro}
Fourier Transform~\citep{bracewell1965fourier} is a transform method, which converts a time varying function to its corresponding $\omega$-domain representation, where $\omega$ is its corresponding angular frequency~\citep{beerends2003fourier}. This transformation allows replac... |
1,108,101,564,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past decade, advances in data collection and increasing access to computational resources have led to a revolution in the use of data-driven techniques for the solution of intractable inverse problems \cite{ARCS,ARBM,guest2018deep,duraisamy2018turbulence}. One such problem is that of tu... |
1,108,101,564,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{a}
The object of the present article is to introduce a special class of multi-dimensional diffusions in random
environment for which we are able to prove a law of large numbers and a functional central limit theorem governing
the corrections to the law of large numbers, valid for a.e. en... |
1,108,101,564,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A great deal of progress has been made in the study of string compactification using the
ten-dimensional supergravity approximation
(for a review, see \cite{Douglas:2006es}). However, it has become clear that certain interesting
physical features of our world are difficult (if not impossibl... |
1,108,101,564,664 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction} We consider the following problem. Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety of dimension $n>1$, with an ample divisor $L$. For each positive integer $s<n$,
describe the set $\mathcal P_{X,s}$ of geometric genera of irreducible subvarieties $V\subset X$ of dimension $s$, and, in particula... |
1,108,101,564,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Potassium-40 is a common, natural isotope. It decays mainly by $\beta^-$ decay, less frequently by electron-capture to an excited state of argon-40 (\mbox{EC$^{*}$}), and very rarely by $\beta^+$ decay (see Fig.~\ref{Fig:K40_Decay_Scheme_Update_wColor.pdf}). It is a frequent contaminant in va... |
1,108,101,564,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the main focuses of the theory of quantum information in recent years
has been to understand the powers and limitations of {\em LOCC protocols}.
These are protocols wherein two or more physically separated parties
possess the ability to perform arbitrary operations on local quantum syste... |
1,108,101,564,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a finite group,
and define an equivalence relation on the elements of $G$
by declaring that elements $a$ and $b$ of $G$ are equivalent
if, and only if, they have the same order.
The equivalence class of an element $g$ in $G$
is called its \defn{order class} and is denoted by
$\ordclas... |
1,108,101,564,668 | arxiv | \section[]{Introduction}
How and why some galaxies cease forming stars and remain quiescent are open questions that bear significantly on our understanding of galaxy evolution.
Contrary to the expectation that a lack of star-formation is the consequence of a paucity of cool gas, observational studies have established... |
1,108,101,564,669 | arxiv | \section{Conflict free coloring}
Conflict-free coloring was introduced in 2003 \cite{Even2002} motivated by problems arising from situations in wireless communication. Over the past two
decades, conflict-free coloring has been extensively studied \cite{smorosurvey}.
\begin{definition}[Conflict-free chromatic number o... |
1,108,101,564,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A recent set of papers \citep{kashlinsky08, kashlinsky09} claims to have detected the velocities of galaxy clusters with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) frame by means of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect \citep{sunyaev72}. The papers suggest the exi... |
1,108,101,564,671 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{introduction.tex}
\section{Related Works}
\label{sec:related-work}
\input{related-work.tex}
\section{Methodology}
\label{sec:methodology}
\input{methodology.tex}
\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:discuss}
The present study has several limitations, which should be addressed in future s... |
1,108,101,564,672 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\suppressfloats
\input{figures/envs}
Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive results on artificial tasks such as game playing \citep{Mnih2015Human-levelLearning,Silver2016MasteringSearch}, where collecting experience is cheap. However, for robotics tasks, such as locomotion and... |
1,108,101,564,673 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
In this Appendix, we summarize the cross sections for the neutrino
scattering processes which are relevant for the calculation of the
damping rate of high energy neutrinos. The fermion masses (in
particular, lepton masses) are neglected except in Eq.\
\eqref{nunubr2ffbr}.
\begin{itemize}
\item $\n... |
1,108,101,564,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The construction of next-generation radio telescopes such as LOFAR has in recent years provided impetus for considering which might be the best targets for detecting exoplanetary auroral radio emissions. This attention has traditionally focused on so-called `hot Jupiter'-type... |
1,108,101,564,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of scalar reaction-diffusion equations $\partial_t p - \Delta p = f(p)$ with a given nonlinearity $f$ has a long history. For suitable choices of $f$, this equation can be used to model some phenomena in biology such as population dynamics (see e.g. \cite{FIF}, \cite{MUR}, \cite{SMO}).... |
1,108,101,564,676 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The deep disagreement between general relativity and quantum theory
is well known \cite{Penrose}. In this work I would like represent
the model of quantum geometry, intended to reach the desirable
``peaceful coexistence" between these theories. The proposed scheme
is inherently based on the notio... |
1,108,101,564,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Low-energy supersymmetry \cite{susy}
provides the most compelling framework for electroweak physics,
in which the electroweak symmetry breaking is generated via the
dynamics of an elementary scalar Higgs sector. The scalar boson
masses are kept light (of order the electroweak symmetry breaking
... |
1,108,101,564,678 | arxiv | \subsection{References}
\newcommand{\noopsort}[1]{} \newcommand{\printfirst}[2]{#1}
\newcommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1} \newcommand{\switchargs}[2]{#2#1}
|
1,108,101,564,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:one}
Measurement of proton spin asymmetry in polarized deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiment performed by European Muon Collaboration in 1987 \cite{Ashman:1987hv} showed that the total contribution from quark spin to the proton's spin is less than half. Since that time, along with... |
1,108,101,564,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ultracold atom-ion systems have emerged in the last decade as a fast-growing field and have gained large interest due to their potential contribution to quantum chemistry \cite{Ratschbacher2012,Puri2017,Chang2013,Sik2018}, quantum computing \cite{Doerk2010,Gerritsma2012} and quantum simulation \c... |
1,108,101,564,681 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{O}{PTIMIZATION} technologies have been widely used in many decision-making processes in the operation, control, and planning of power systems, such as optimal power flow (OPF). However, the increasing uncertainty introduced by distributed energy resources (DER) makes it extremely ha... |
1,108,101,564,682 | arxiv |
\section{Case Analysis}
\label{sec:caseanalysis}
In this section, we present some cases from the projects we studied, which may help to explain our findings.
\subsection{\emph{Java}{}}
One of the reasons that \emph{Java}{} has verbose code modification is the explicit marks of type inference, return types, and so on.... |
1,108,101,564,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lattice models are objects from statistical mechanics which have also seen a number of surprising applications in mathematics. These models are built with a graph (often a rectangular grid) whose edges are labeled, and locally satisfy some property. If this property is satisfied, we call the stat... |
1,108,101,564,684 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:intro}
The ability to non-destructively measure local lattice distortion effects in crystalline materials with X-ray microscopy enables connections to be made between nano- and micro-scale structure with macroscopic properties under working conditions, thus playing an important role in a... |
1,108,101,564,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The resonance structure with mass $M=4433\pm4\pm2$\,MeV and width
$\Gamma=45^{+18+30}_{-13-13}$ MeV in the charged quarkonium system
$\pi^{\pm}\psi'$ was found by the Belle Collaboration
\cite{Belle:2007}. On the other hand, BABAR Collaboration
\cite{BABAR:2008} did not see significant evidence f... |
1,108,101,564,686 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
A group is of \emph{type $\operatorname{F}_m$} if it has a classifying space with compact $m$-skeleton. These \emph{finiteness properties} of groups are natural generalizations of finite generation ($\operatorname{F}_1$) and finite presentability ($\operatorname{F}_2$). In 1987 and 1988, Bieri,... |
1,108,101,564,687 | arxiv | \subsection*{Introduction}
A fundamental task of quantum simulation is to perform an
experiment \textit{in silico}.
Like traditional experimentalists, researchers using
quantum computers will often be interested in efficiently measuring a collection of properties.
For example, the electronic ground state problem is fr... |
1,108,101,564,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Face image super-resolution (FSR), also known as face hallucination, aims to recover a high-resolution (HR) face image from its low-resolution (LR) input, which is helpful to numerous facial analysis applications.
For many years image super-resolution (SR) has been a challenging research problem ... |
1,108,101,564,689 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
The Atiyah-Singer index theorem \cite{AtSi71} relates the topological charge of
the background gauge field configuration to the number of fermionic zero-modes
of the Dirac operator. The theorem states a particular connection between the
background gauge field and the fermionic fields. It is a... |
1,108,101,564,690 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Algebraic curves in finite-dimensional Grassmannians is a
classical subject in algebraic geometry and other branches of
mathematics (see e.g. \cite{HP}-\cite{Sot}). In contrast, the
story of interplay between infinite-dimensional Grassmannians and
algebraic curves was quite non-classical.
\... |
1,108,101,564,691 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a microblogging website allowing users to post messages of 140 characters or less called ``tweets'', Twitter has become the biggest daily source of news, public opinions, and personal discussions. For example, on the day of the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Twitter had nearly 40 million m... |
1,108,101,564,692 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper, Singh et al. \cite{sam} have reported results for energy levels, radiative rates, and lifetimes among 209 levels of four Ne-like ions, namely Hf~LXIII, Ta~LXIV, W~LXV, and Re~LXVI. These levels belong to the 2s$^2$2p$^6$, 2s$^2$2p$^5$$n\ell$ ($n \le$ 7, but for $n$ = 6 and 7... |
1,108,101,564,693 | arxiv | \section{Prelude: Some facts from the literature and how they imply
time-travel.} \label{time-section}
The following series of figures represent G\"odel's famous rotating
universe. One of the many interesting features of G\"odel's universe
is that it contains closed time-like curves (CTC's for short), i.e.\
it permits... |
1,108,101,564,694 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Duquennoy \& Mayor (1991) found that only 1/3 of the 164 G dwarf
primary stars within 22 pc of the sun might be true single stars, that is,
stars having no companions more massive than 0.01 $M_\odot$. About 2/3 of
the G dwarf primaries are thus members of binary or multiple star systems.
The ... |
1,108,101,564,695 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) contains five Higgs bosons:
a light CP-even Higgs boson h, a heavy
CP-even Higgs boson H, a CP-odd Higgs boson A and two charged Higgs bosons
H$^{\pm}$.
At tree-level the h (H) mass is bound to be below (above) the Z boson mass.
The higher or... |
1,108,101,564,696 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Complex networks have become a powerful tool for studying complex systems, whose nodes represent elements and edges describe their interactions~\cite{Ne03,Ba16}. In most existing work, complex systems are studied by using network models that only capture pairwise relati... |
1,108,101,564,697 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
Yu.M. thanks A.Migdal, A.Morozov, G.Semenoff and N.Weiss for e-mail
correspondences.
\section*{Added note}
When this paper was being prepared for publication, there appeared more
papers~\cite{new} on the Kazakov--Migdal model. The results by Gross
agree with ours for the quadratic potentia... |
1,108,101,564,698 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The Schur graph and its boundary}
Let $\mathbb{S}_n$, $n\in\mathbb{Z}_{\ge0}$, denote the finite set
consisting of all strict partitions (that is, partitions
without equal parts) of $n$.\footnote{The set $\mathbb{S}_0$ consists of
the empty partition $\varnothing$.} Strict partition... |
1,108,101,564,699 | arxiv | \section{}
\end{document}
|
1,108,101,564,700 | arxiv | \section{PROGRAM SUMMARY}
\label{sec:section1}
\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf Title of program:} VNI-3.1
\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf Computer fo which the program has been designed and
others on which it has been tested:}
IBM RS-6000, Sun Sparc, Hewlett Packard UX A-9000
\bigskip
\noindent
{\bf Operating systems:}
IBM-AIX, Sun... |
1,108,101,564,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The basic object in string theory is a one-dimensional extended object, the string. The harmonics of the vibrating string correspond to the elementary particles with different masses and quantum numbers. String can support infinitely many harmonics, and hence string theory con... |
1,108,101,564,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
NLO predictions of multi-jet production at hadron colliders have a long
history. They are important processes for the LHC both as precision tests of
QCD and direct probes of the strong coupling and also as background in many new
physics searches. The LHC experiments have been able to measure j... |
1,108,101,564,703 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Face recognition has advanced significantly in recent years with the development of deep neural networks~\cite{parkhi2015deep,schroff2015facenet,liu2017sphereface,wang2018cosface,deng2019arcface}. In our daily lives, face recognition has been used in a wide range of applications due to the excell... |
1,108,101,564,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantizing a transformer model is not a simple matter due to numerous channel-dependent outliers in activations \cite{DBLP:conf/emnlp/BondarenkoNB21}. They lead to a large quantization error \cite{DBLP:conf/icml/ZhaoHDSZ19}, and we observe that the problem is worse in the decoder-only trans... |
1,108,101,564,705 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The aim of the present paper is to describe the following general phenomenon: under appropriate topological conditions,
increasing transfinite sequences of topologies interpolating between
two given topologies $\sigma\subseteq \tau$ stabilize at $\tau$ and, under appropriate additional descrip... |
1,108,101,564,706 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The quantity
$$
\zeta(4)=\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac1{k^4}=\frac{\pi^4}{90}
$$
is a somewhat typical representative of even zeta values\,---\,the values of Riemann's zeta function at positive even integers.
It is shadowed by the far more famous $\zeta(2)=\pi^2/6$, which was a m... |
1,108,101,564,707 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Over the years, a variety of experimental methods have been developed allowing in-depth investigations of biomolecular systems.\cite{serdyuk2017methods} However, a successful application of these tools to gain new insight is often not possible due to system complexity an... |
1,108,101,564,708 | arxiv | \section{Approach}
Visual localization provides information about motion of the camera
relative to structures in the surrounding environment through direct
observation of the changes in their projected position in the images.
This prevents accumulation of position and orientation errors as long as
the same global fea... |
1,108,101,564,709 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Introduction}
Understanding the electric conductance of concentrated electrolytes has posed a great theoretical challenge for over a century. The theory of electrolytic conductivity was pioneered by Debye and H\"uckel~\cite{DH}. They used the notion of an {\it ionic cloud}, where each ion ... |
1,108,101,564,710 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rise of Social Media platforms has strengthened the interest of researchers for studying human behavior on different contexts. The potential of these platforms relies on how users behavior can be traced during or even long after they have manifested it, which facilitates the work of behaviora... |
1,108,101,564,711 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
As voice assistant systems like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Apple Siri and Microsoft Cortana become more ubiquitous and integrated into modern life, so does the risk of antagonists taking control of devices that we depend on.
Adversarial Attacks on Audio \cite{fgsm} are one ... |
1,108,101,564,712 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suppose that $x=\left( x_{n}\right) _{n=1}^{\infty }$ is an absolutely
summable sequence with infinitely many nonzero terms and let
\begin{equation*}
E( x) =\Big\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty\varepsilon
_{n}x_{n}:(\varepsilon_{n})_{n=1}^{\infty }\in \{ 0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}\Big\}
\end{equation*
denote ... |
1,108,101,564,713 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The generalization of quantum electrodynamics to include non-abelian gauge
fields produces the asymptotically free gauge theory called quantum
chromodynamics (QCD) which describes the strong interactions. The natural forum
to construct the properly gauge fixed (renormalizable) Lagrangian with whi... |
1,108,101,564,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The structural analogies between traditional oxide-containing frameworks and the class of materials known as metal--organic frameworks (MOFs) are certainly well established.\cite{Hoskins_1990} A topical example is the family of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), which are MOF analogues of z... |
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