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1,108,101,565,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most well-known and long-standing problems in computer science is the question of whether $\ensuremath{\p=\np}$. A solution to the problem would have wide-ranging implications to everything from economics to cybersecurity. To this end many have claimed to have found a proof that either... |
1,108,101,565,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The interesting functors between model categories are the \emph{left
Quillen functors} and \emph{right Quillen functors} (see
\cite{MCATL}*{Def.~8.5.2}).
In this paper, we study Quillen functors between diagram categories
with the Reedy model category structure (see Theorem~\... |
1,108,101,565,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec.introduction}
Several studies have revealed that the ability of humans to make predictions is not only essential for motor control, but it is also fundamental for high level cognitive functions including action recognition, understanding, imitation, mental replay, and social cognition... |
1,108,101,565,518 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is not often pointed out that the Universe has recently undergone a bounce {\it in connection space}
(not to be confused with a possible metric bounce at the Planck epoch).
The natural connection variable in homogenous cosmological models is the inverse comoving Hubble parameter, here calle... |
1,108,101,565,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It was observed in the well known work of Refs.\cite{gro,pol} that QCD is an asymptotically free theory if the number of quark flavors $N_f$ is smaller than a certain critical value.
When $N_f \leq 16$ the one-loop $\beta$-function is negative and the coupling constant diminishes as the energy is... |
1,108,101,565,520 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a connected manifold. It is well-known that for any Cartan geometry $(\cG \to M, \omega)$ of a given type $(G,K)$ (henceforth, a ``$G/K$ geometry''), the Lie algebra of (infinitesimal) symmetries $\finf(\cG,\omega)$ (see Definition \ref{D:Cartan}) is always finite-dimensional. Ind... |
1,108,101,565,521 | arxiv |
\chapter{Secondary $\Ext$-groups associated to pair algebras}\label{sext}
In this chapter we introduce algebraically secondary $\Ext$-groups $\Ext_B$
over a pair algebra $B$. In \cite{BJ5} we already studied secondary
$\Ext$-groups in an additive track category which yield the $\Ext$-groups
$\Ext_B$ as a special cas... |
1,108,101,565,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of supersymmetric field theories in physics literature naturally leads to the notion of a (Lie) superalgebra, cf. \cite{med,med2,of12,of121,of122}, being defined as follows: Let $\g=\g_0 \oplus \g_1$ be a $\mathbb{Z}_2-$graded $\mathbb{K}-$vector space. For a homogeneous element $X \in... |
1,108,101,565,523 | arxiv | \section*{\textcolor{SECOL}{#1}}}
\def\coloredtitle#1{\title{\textcolor{TITLECOL}{#1}}}
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\definecolor{CITECOL}{rgb}{0.35,... |
1,108,101,565,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Metamaterials allow engineering of material parameters from their basic constituents. This property helps one to alter various phenomena associated with the propagation of electromagnetic wave. In particular, dispersion in metamaterials can be tailored by stacking a number of highly dispersive ... |
1,108,101,565,525 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Outliers are a fundamental problem in statistical data analysis.
Roughly speaking, an outlier is an observation point that differs from the data's ``global picture''~\cite{hawkins1980identification}.
A rule of thumb is that a typical dataset may contain between 1\% and 1... |
1,108,101,565,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\indent
The Dirac equation utilizes a matrix algebra to construct a linear
relationship between the quantum operators for energy and momentum
in the equations of motion.
The properties of evolution dynamics described using such linear operations on quantum states are straightforward,
and... |
1,108,101,565,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many studies in network science are concerned with community detection, proposing various methods and algorithms both for the classification of nodes into clusters, and for the evaluation of such classifications \citep{Dan05,Fort10,Fort16,New06}. Particularly in social networks, the evaluation o... |
1,108,101,565,528 | arxiv | \section*{Supplementary information for:\\
Stochastic transitions: Paths over higher energy barriers can dominate in the early stages}
\renewcommand{\thefigure}{A\arabic{figure}}
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\begin{center}
S.~P. Fitzgerald, A. Bailey Hass, G. D{\'\i}az Leines and A.~J. Archer
\end{center}
\vspace{... |
1,108,101,565,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This is our second paper in a series on the computational aspects of Poisson geometry.
In the first paper we showed how fundamental concepts from Poisson geometry could be operationalized into symbolic code \cite{CompuPoisson}.
We also provided an associated Python module with our implementation... |
1,108,101,565,530 | arxiv | \section{Topological Orders}
In a modern condensed matter physics,
a concept of the symmetry breaking has a fundamental importance.
At a sufficiently low temperature,
most of classical systems show some ordered structure
which implies that the symmetry
at the high temperature is spontaneously lost or reduced.
Thi... |
1,108,101,565,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Magnetic fields and supersonic turbulence are two mechanisms
that are commonly invoked for the regulation of
star formation in our Galaxy to the observationally
estimated rate of $\sim 3-5\, M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ \citep[see][]{mck89}.
This is at least one hundred
times less than the rate implied... |
1,108,101,565,532 | arxiv | \section{General introduction}
The experimental breakthroughs of 1995 having led to the first realization
of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an atomic vapor
\cite{Cornell_bec,Hulet_bec,Ketterle_bec}
have opened the era of experimental studies of ultracold gases with
non-negligible or even strong interactions, in dimens... |
1,108,101,565,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=2\columnwidth]{geometry_scheme}
\caption{
Left: 3D nanoparticles thin film of thickness $h$ adhered on a semi-infinite substrate. The bottom view, as seen looking across the substrate, highlights the `patched' interface.
Centre: 3D Pillar m... |
1,108,101,565,534 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\label{sec:appendix}
All eight feature pathways of the neurashed model in Figure~\ref{fig:bottleneck}. The left column and right column correspond to Class 1 and Class 2, respectively.
\begin{figure}[!htp]
\centering
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.48\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=7.5cm, heig... |
1,108,101,565,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{thintro}
Recent advances in fabrication, manipulation and measurement of artificial
quantum impurity systems such as quantum dots have led to a resurgence of
interest of nanostructures in both experiment and theory. A favorable feature
of these nanostructures is the outstanding tu... |
1,108,101,565,536 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{section:intro}
In surveys with complete response, the Horvitz-Thompson (HT) estimator is a design-unbiased estimator of population totals \citep{hor:tho:52}.
In the presence of auxiliary information, its efficiency can be improved by incorporating into the estimator a working model that ... |
1,108,101,565,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Introduction}
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses upwards of a billion solar masses have been observed less than one billion years after the Big Bang \citep{Fan_2006, Mortlock_2011, Wu_2015, Banados_2018}. However, the mechanisms which allow for the formation of supermassive b... |
1,108,101,565,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
We consider the two-dimensional nonlinear problem describing steady waves in a
horizontal open channel occupied by an inviscid, incompressible, heavy fluid, say
water. The water motion is assumed to be rotational which, according to
observations, is the type of m... |
1,108,101,565,539 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}
The past two decades have seen immense progress in observational cosmology that has lead to the establishment of the $\Lambda$CDM model for cosmology.
This development is mainly based on the combination of different cosmological probes such as the CMB temperature anisotropies, ... |
1,108,101,565,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known (see \cite{Mcd}) that the representation theory of the symmetric groups is nicely encoded by the space of symmetric functions (in countably many commuting variables). In fact the interplay between the character theory of the symmetric groups and symmetric functions has enriched... |
1,108,101,565,541 | arxiv | \section*{I. Introduction}
In the paper \cite{zhd97a} we have suggested a generalization of the
Turbiner-Shifman approach \cite{tur88}--\cite{tus89} to the construction
of quasi-exactly solvable (QES) models on line for the case of matrix
Hamiltonians. We remind that originally their method was applied to
scalar one-d... |
1,108,101,565,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vskip1ex
A \textit{Lie type algebra} is by definition an algebra $L$ over a field
$\Bbb F$ with product $[\,,\,]$ satisfying the following property:
for all elements $a, b, c \in L$ there exist $\alpha, \beta \in
\Bbb F$ such that $\alpha\ne 0$ and
\begin{equation}\label{tozh}
[[a,b... |
1,108,101,565,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec20200314a}
Throughout the paper, $R$ is a commutative ring.\vspace{5pt}
Let $I$ be an ideal of $R$, and assume in this paragraph that $R$ is $I$-adically complete and local. When $I$ is generated by an $R$-regular sequence, lifting property of finitely generated modules and of bounded ... |
1,108,101,565,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) produces high resolution images of the subsurface directly from seismic waveforms \cite{tarantola1984inversion}. FWI is traditionally solved using optimization by minimizing the difference between predicted and observed seismograms. In such methods a good sta... |
1,108,101,565,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The sheer volume of today's digital data has made {\it distributed
storage systems} $($DSS$)$ not only massive in scale but also
critical in importance. Every day, people knowingly or unknowingly
connect to various private and public distributed storage systems,
include large data centers (such ... |
1,108,101,565,546 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
We present a novel MAR approach based on a generative adversarial framework with joint projection-sinogram correction and mask pyramid network. From the experimental evaluations, we show that existing MAR methods does not effectively reduce metal artifact. By contrast, the proposed approach lever... |
1,108,101,565,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Reinforcement learning (RL) has been instrumental in many multi-agent tasks such as simulating social dilemmas \cite{leibo2017multi}, playing real-time strategy games \cite{vinyals2019grandmaster}, and optimising multi-robot control systems \cite{long2018towards}. However, sinc... |
1,108,101,565,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
A pairwise relation among a group of agents is represented by a `network' (also known as `graph'), where the set of agents forms the \emph{vertex set}, and the links among them form the \emph{edge set} of the network \cite{barabasi2016network}. Examples include `social network' (int... |
1,108,101,565,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a number of applications from physics, financial engineering, biology and
chemistry it is of interest to compute expectations of some functionals of
solutions of ordinary stochastic differential equations (SDE) and stochastic
partial differential equations (SPDE) driven by white noise. U... |
1,108,101,565,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We study the problem of binomiality of polynomial ideals. Given an
ideal with a finite set of generators, we would like to know if there
exists a basis for the ideal such that its elements have at most two
monomials. Such an ideal is called a \textit{binomial ideal}. We use
the Conradi-Kahle ... |
1,108,101,565,551 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The wide adoption of machine learning algorithms and ubiquitous sensors have together resulted in numerous tightly-coupled `perception-to-control' systems being deployed in the wild. In addition to effectiveness, robustness is an integral characteristic to be considered when building a trustw... |
1,108,101,565,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coupled oscillator systems are used to model a wide range of physical and biological phenomena, where the dynamics of the underlying complex system is dominated by the interactions of its elements over multiple temporal and spatial scales. The main advantage of using such a modelling approach st... |
1,108,101,565,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction:}
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in spin dependent semi-inclusive deep inelastic processes motivated by the inminence of high precision semi-inclusive experiments\cite{1,27}, and by theoretical considerations related to facto\-ri\-za\-tion\cite{2,7}. Both, open the possibility to... |
1,108,101,565,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Characteristic masses of the first stars
(Population III or Pop III stars) and the nature of their
supernova explosions
are critically important to determine their role
in the cosmic reionization and subsequent star formation
in the early universe \citep[e.g.][]{bromm11}... |
1,108,101,565,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Sensitivity analysis, i.e. the assessment of how much uncertainty in a given model output is conveyed by each model input, is a fundamental step to judge the quality of model-based inferences \cite{Saltelli2008, Jakeman2006, Eker2018}. Among the many sensitivity indices... |
1,108,101,565,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Intense emission and rapid flux variability provide important clues to understand the underlying physical process operating in the relativistic, magnetized jets of blazar sources. This subset of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is comprised of BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and... |
1,108,101,565,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:Intro}}
The well-known singularity theorems by Hawking and Penrose \cite{Hawking}
show that
cosmological solutions to the Einstein equations generally contain
singularities.
As discussed by Clarke \cite{Clarke} (see also \cite{Ellis} for a
comprehensive overview) there are two types of... |
1,108,101,565,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, there have been quite a few measurements of
quantities in $B$ decays which differ from the predictions of the
Standard Model (SM) by $\sim2\sigma$. For example, in $B \to \pi K$, the
SM has some difficulty in accounting for all the experimental
measurements \cite{piKupdate}. Th... |
1,108,101,565,559 | arxiv |
\subsection{Receiver design}
\label{sec:receiver_design}
A schematic of the LFI pseudo correlation receiver is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:lfi_pseudo_correlation_schematic}. In each radiometer the sky signal and a stable reference load at $\sim$4~K \cite{2009_LFI_cal_R1} are coupled to cryogenic low-noise HEMT ampl... |
1,108,101,565,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this contribution we will deal with vibrational localization
in Hamiltonian lattices {\sl without} any kind of disorder. We consider
a solution of
a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (CODE) of
an underlying Hamiltonian system. The localization property
of the solution implies the... |
1,108,101,565,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A vector space~$A$ with a bilinear product~$\circ$ satisfying the identities
\begin{gather}
(x_1\circ x_2)\circ x_3-x_1\circ(x_2\circ x_3)=(x_2\circ x_1)\circ x_3-x_2\circ(x_1\circ x_3), \label{LeftSym} \\
(x_1\circ x_2)\circ x_3=(x_1\circ x_3)\circ x_2, \label{RightCom}
\end{gather}
is called a... |
1,108,101,565,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) graphene are semimetals with an electron and a hole band.
Both bands touch each other at two nodes. The low-energy dispersion in the
vicinity of these nodes is linear in ML graphene and quadratic in BL graphene. Exactly
at the nodes both systems obey a chiral symm... |
1,108,101,565,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the standard $\Lambda$CDM scenario, the first structures to form in
the universe are low-mass dark haloes, that progressively merge to
produce
larger and more massive structures \citep[e.g.][]{1984Natur.311..517B}.
Baryons then infall into the dark potential wells, forming
stars an... |
1,108,101,565,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
While chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$pt) has a long
history\cite{Pagels}, modern applications have been driven by
the formulation given by Weinberg in 1979.\cite{Wphilo} Using
power counting techniques, Weinberg demonstrated that for the
most general, non--linear chiral lagrangia... |
1,108,101,565,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{mage} super-resolution (SR) is an important computer vision task that aims at designing effective models to reconstruct the high-resolution (HR) images from the low-resolution (LR) images~\cite{freeman2000learning,guo2020closed,yang2019lightweight,yang2019multilevel,huang2019pyr... |
1,108,101,565,566 | arxiv | \subsection{Experimental setting}
In order to simulate the distributed environment using a shared memory system,
we use threads to simulate the task nodes, and the number of threads is equal to
the number of tasks. As such, each thread is responsible for learning the model parameters of one task and communicating wit... |
1,108,101,565,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The idea of spontaneous violation of Lorentz invariance through tensor fields
with non-vanishing expectation values has garnered substantial attention in
recent years \cite{Will:1972zz, Gasperini:1987nq, Kostelecky:1989jw, Colladay:1998fq, Jacobson:2000xp, Eling:2003rd, Carroll:2004ai, Jacobson... |
1,108,101,565,568 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This work is supported in part by
the National Science Council of R.O.C. under Grant No:
NSC-97-2112-M-006-001-MY3.
|
1,108,101,565,569 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[b]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figures/teaser.pdf}
\caption{We introduce a method to perform 3D reconstruction from the shadow cast on the floor by occluded objects. In the middle, we visualize our reconstruction of the occluded chair from a new c... |
1,108,101,565,570 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
The scalar resonance discovered by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations at the LHC~\cite{Higgs-Discovery_ATLAS,Higgs-Discovery_CMS,Higgs-Discovery_CMS_long} in 2012 has been found to have properties consistent with the predictions of the standard model (SM) for a Higgs boson ... |
1,108,101,565,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are flexible probabilistic models for sequential data which assume the observations to depend on an underlying latent state process.
Emerging from the field of speech recognition \citep{rab89}, they find applications in various areas, such as medicine \citep{lan13}, p... |
1,108,101,565,572 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
Top quark physics is among the central physical topics at the
Tevatron and will continue to be so at the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) in the next few years. Compared to other lighter SM fermions,
the top quark is the only fermion with mass at the electroweak
symmetry breaking scale, so it is... |
1,108,101,565,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The success of deep neural networks (DNNs) \cite{Krizhevsky,lenet,googlenet,vgg,resnet}
has led to them being used in many real world applications.
However, these models are also known to be susceptible to adversarial attacks, i.e.,
minimal patterns crafted by attackers ... |
1,108,101,565,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\addtolength{\belowdisplayskip}{-3mm}
\addtolength{\abovedisplayskip}{-3mm}
Recently, the enlarged Krylov subspace methods \cite{EKS} were introduced in the aim of obtaining methods that converge faster than classical Krylov methods, and are parallelizable with less communication, whereby commu... |
1,108,101,565,575 | arxiv |
\section{Acknowledgements}
We thank Luca Carlone and Konstantinos Gatsis for inspiring discussions, and Luca Carlone for sharing code that enabled the numerical experiments in this paper.
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\section{Notation}\label{app:notation}
In the appendices below we use the following notation: gi... |
1,108,101,565,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, deep learning approaches have achieved tremendous
success in classification problems~\cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet} as well as low-level computer vision problems such as segmentation~\cite{ronneberger2015u}, denoising~\cite{zhang2016beyond}, super resolution~\cite{kim2015accurate, s... |
1,108,101,565,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fix $1\le p\le q<\infty$ and let $T\colon X\to E$ be a Banach space
valued linear operator defined on a saturated order semi-continuous
Banach function space $X$ related to a $\sigma$-finite measure
$\mu$. In this paper we prove an extension theorem for $T$ in the
case when $T$ is $q$-summ... |
1,108,101,565,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galaxy clusters, the most massive gravitational bound systems, continually accrete material from their surroundings. In fact, a substantial fraction of their accretion is recent; clusters increase their mass by a factor of two between $z \sim 0.5$ and the present (e.g., \citealp{Zhao09, Fakhouri... |
1,108,101,565,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Every day people around the world leave more and more of their digital traces at places they visit. There is an impressive amount of papers leveraging such data for studying human behavior, including mobile phone records \cite{ratti2006mlu, calabrese2006real, girardin200... |
1,108,101,565,580 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro}
Cosmic rays (CRs) are high-energy radiation produced outside the solar system. The accelerators of CRs with energies below $10^{15} $eV (PeV, the knee) are believed to be located inside the Galaxy. Identification of the accelerators, especially which can accelerate CRs to PeV en... |
1,108,101,565,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The coming decade will see transformative dark energy science done by both ground-based surveys (DESI \cite{DESI}, LSST \cite{LSST}) and space-based missions (Euclid \cite{EUCLID18}, WFIRST \cite{WFIRST18}). We expect that large swaths of the universe will be sampled to close to the sample varia... |
1,108,101,565,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Falls are common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), and can have an enormous impact on the physical and psychological health such as injury \cite{Bloem2001, Genever2005}, reduced activity levels \cite{Bloem2001} and poor quality of life \cite{Bloem2004, Romero2003}. A review of prospective... |
1,108,101,565,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Person re-identification (ReID) aims to match people in the different places (time) using another non-overlapping camera, which has become increasingly popular in recent years due to the wide range of applications, such as public security, criminal investigation, and surveillance. Most deep lear... |
1,108,101,565,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many models of electroweak-scale dark matter (DM), achieving the correct thermal relic density while avoiding direct and indirect detection, collider and precision constraints requires mass relations between particles in the dark sector.
As first explored in \cite{Griest:1990kh}, the dark ma... |
1,108,101,565,585 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Describing a given scene is considered an essential ability for humans to perceive the world. It is thus important to develop intelligent agents with such an ability, formally known as image captioning that generates the natural language descriptions based on the given... |
1,108,101,565,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Blazars -- the AGNs dominated by the Doppler boosted radiation of the
relativistic jets -- provide an exceptional opportunity for studies of
physics of innermost parts of AGN jets. However, to take advantage of
this opportunity the radiative mechanisms of the jet emission must be
identified. Whi... |
1,108,101,565,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the simplest and most frequently studied version of the general three-body problem, is the planar circular restricted three-body problem (henceforth CRTBP), which can be stated as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item Two primaries, $\mathcal{M}_1$ and $\mathcal{M}_2$ at positions $X_1$ and ... |
1,108,101,565,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite its difficulty, quantization of the gravitational field has attracted considerable attention because of its fundamental importance. Currently favored approaches
include string theory and loops, both important schemes; see, e.g., \cite{str,ash}.
A comparatively new effort is the {\it af... |
1,108,101,565,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cold atoms in optical lattices exhibit phenomena typical of solid state physics like the formation of energy bands, Josephson effects Bloch oscillations and strongly correlated phases. Many of these phenomena have been already the object of experimental investigations. For a recent review see \ci... |
1,108,101,565,590 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}\label{ch:introduction}
\section{\label{sec:pre}Preliminaries}
The central physical phenomenon which lies behind all this work is called {\textit autoionization}. The very first sighting of this phenomenon dates back to 1935 by~\citeauthor{Beutler1935} in the context of the photoabsorption of rar... |
1,108,101,565,591 | arxiv | \section*{Proof Without Words}
\begin{minipage}[t]{3in}
Japheth Wood\\
Bard College\\
Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[c]{3in} \centering
\includegraphics[scale=1.5,trim=31 24 35 32,clip]{PetersenGraphBW3.pdf}
The Petersen Graph
\end{minipage}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=2.3,t... |
1,108,101,565,592 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Numerical methods to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) have become
ubiquitous in science and industry.
Many approaches subdivide the domain of the PDE into a mesh of cells that
constitute the computational elements.
The finite/spectral element/volume methods are among the most preva... |
1,108,101,565,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a GARCH-X type model, the variance of a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) type model is augmented by a set of exogenous regressors (X). Naturally, the question arises if the more general GARCH-X type model can be reduced to the simpler GARCH type model. Statist... |
1,108,101,565,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Analysis of agents whose motion follows some patterns or rules is a topic that has been of increasing interest in recent years. Mobile agent behaviors are frequently analyzed in multiple research fields, e.g., video surveillance, crowd monitoring, sport events and situation ... |
1,108,101,565,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Introduction}
Currently a variety of different notions of quantumness are discussed.
It is of fundamental interest to classify the nature into one part showing classical signatures, and another one dominated by quantum phenomena.
In quantum optics, the most common notion of n... |
1,108,101,565,596 | arxiv | \section{The gist of it}
{\bf To show:}
If there is a one-to-one map from $4 \times A$ to $4 \times B$
(which need not hit all of the range $4 \times B$),
then there is a one-to-one map from $A$ to $B$.
\noindent
{\bf A word to the wise:} Check out what Rich Schwartz has to say in
\cite{schwartz:four}.
\noindent {\b... |
1,108,101,565,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Brane setups \cite{Han-Wit} have been widely attempted to
provide an alternative to algebro-geometric methods in the construction of gauge
theories (see \cite{Giveon} and references therein). The advantages of the latter
include the enlightening of important properties of manifolds such as mir... |
1,108,101,565,598 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Persistent homology is a way of quantifying the topology of a function.
Given a function $f : X \to \Rspace$, persistence scans the homology of the sublevel
sets $f^{-1}(-\infty, r]$ as $r$ varies from $-\infty$ to $\infty$.
As it scans, homology appears and homology disappears.
This history ... |
1,108,101,565,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Poisson vertex algebras (PVA) arise as the quasi-classical limit of a family of vertex algebras \cite{DSK06} in the same way as Poisson
algebras arise as the quasi-classical limit of a family of associative algebras.
Note also that a PVA is a local counterpart of a Coisson (=chiral Poisson) a... |
1,108,101,565,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Aggregation is a fundamental irreversible process in which physical
objects merge irreversibly to form larger objects. Aggregation has
numerous applications ranging from astronomy where planetary systems
form via collisions of planetesimals, to atmospheric science
\cite{drake,sein}, to chemical... |
1,108,101,565,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SecI}
Interferometric detectors of gravitational waves with frequency
content $0 < f < f_0$ may be thought of as optical configurations with
one or more arms folding coherent trains of electromagnetic waves (or
beams) of nominal frequency $\nu_0 \gg f_0$. At points where these
intersect, ... |
1,108,101,565,602 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Many problems of relevance in bioinformatics, signal processing, and
statistical learning can be formulated as minimizing a \emph{composite
function}:
\begin{align}
\minimize_{x \in \mathbf{R}^n} \,f(x) := g (x) + h(x),
\label{eq:composite-form}
\end{align}
where... |
1,108,101,565,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\iffalse
- broad view of the field and growing interest
- gai
- many different subtasks
- we focus on one
- challenges:
understanding a text
iteratively towards increasingly more complicated questions/tasks
each time different type of questions
in this cont... |
1,108,101,565,604 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{acronym}
\acrodef{BH}[BH]{black hole}
\acrodef{BAT}[BAT]{Burst Alert Telescope}
\acrodef{BNS}[BNS]{binary neutron star}
\acrodef{EM}[EM]{electromagnetic}
\acrodef{EOS}[EOS]{equation of state}
\acrodef{FAP}[FAP]{false alarm probability}
\acrodef{FAR}[FAR]{false alarm rate}
\acrodef{GBM}[G... |
1,108,101,565,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper deals with the solvability of a class of complex vector fields on the two-dimensional torus
$\mathbb{T}^2$. The main results are generalizations of those contained in the recent papers \cite{CDM} and \cite{CDM1}
where the focus was on solvability in domains of the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$.... |
1,108,101,565,606 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction.}
In Riemannian geometry Vogel proved that every circle-preserving diffeomorphism is conformal, c.f. \cite{Vo} and \cite{Ku}. This theorem has been extended to pseudo-Riemannian manifolds in \cite{Cat}. Here, we shall extend this theorem to Finsler manifolds. Using the Cartan covariant derivat... |
1,108,101,565,607 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\begin{proof}[\textbf{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:minimax}}]
The proof is identical to that in \cite{RakSriTew10a}. For simplicity, denote $\psi(x_{1:T}) = \inf_{f\in\F} \sum_{t=1}^T f(x_t)$. The first step in the proof is to appeal to the minimax theorem for every couple of $\inf$ and $\sup$:
\begi... |
1,108,101,565,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Short period binaries with dwarf components have proven to be ideal systems to constrain stellar structure and evolution models with precise mass and radius data. White Dwarf / Red Dwarf (hereafter WD+RD) binaries are of particular relevance, as their large difference both in r... |
1,108,101,565,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The study of the potential theory for the $d$-dimensional harmonic oscillator
$$
\mathcal{H}=-\Delta+\|x\|^2,
$$
has recently been initiated by Bongioanni and Torrea \cite{BT}.
The multi-dimensional Hermite functions $h_k$ are eigenfunctions of $\mathcal{H}$ and we have
... |
1,108,101,565,610 | arxiv | \section{A brief introduction to cosmology}
\subsection{The basics}
Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, and its aim is to understand the origin of the universe and its evolution. The study of the cosmos is as old as humanity and has always been fascinating. Physical cosmology\footnote{We will drop the ... |
1,108,101,565,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Randall-Sundrum\ (RS) hypothesis of the existence of a fifth
space dimension with a warped metric\ \cite{Randall:1999ee}
provides an alternative
solution to the gauge hierarchy problem, which is distinct from
the supersymmetric\ (SUSY) approach.
Different embedding of the Standard Model\ (SM... |
1,108,101,565,612 | arxiv | \section{Derivation of the UCT-HLLD scheme for Isothermal MHD}
\label{app:UCT_HLLD_isothermal}
The wave pattern emerging from the solution of the Riemann problem in isothermal MHD differs from its adiabatic counterpart for the absence of the contact or entropy mode.
The HLLD flux can still be written in the Roe-like f... |
1,108,101,565,613 | arxiv |
\section{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}
{
This work was supported in parts by
NSFC (61872250, 62132021, U2001206, U21B2023, 62161146005),
GD Talent Plan (2019JC05X328),
GD Natural Science Foundation (2021B1515020085),
DEGP Key Project (2018KZDXM058, 2020SFKC059),
National Key R\&D Program of China (2018AAA0102200),
Shenzhen Sci... |
1,108,101,565,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An ultracold atom gas in the presence of disordered environments is becoming
a subject of increasing experimental and theoretical research
activities. Generally, one would like to understand
how the condensation and the
superfluid properties of ultracold gases are influenced
by a spatially ra... |
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