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1,108,101,565,515
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most well-known and long-standing problems in computer science is the question of whether $\ensuremath{\p=\np}$. A solution to the problem would have wide-ranging implications to everything from economics to cybersecurity. To this end many have claimed to have found a proof that either...
1,108,101,565,516
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The interesting functors between model categories are the \emph{left Quillen functors} and \emph{right Quillen functors} (see \cite{MCATL}*{Def.~8.5.2}). In this paper, we study Quillen functors between diagram categories with the Reedy model category structure (see Theorem~\...
1,108,101,565,517
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec.introduction} Several studies have revealed that the ability of humans to make predictions is not only essential for motor control, but it is also fundamental for high level cognitive functions including action recognition, understanding, imitation, mental replay, and social cognition...
1,108,101,565,518
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is not often pointed out that the Universe has recently undergone a bounce {\it in connection space} (not to be confused with a possible metric bounce at the Planck epoch). The natural connection variable in homogenous cosmological models is the inverse comoving Hubble parameter, here calle...
1,108,101,565,519
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It was observed in the well known work of Refs.\cite{gro,pol} that QCD is an asymptotically free theory if the number of quark flavors $N_f$ is smaller than a certain critical value. When $N_f \leq 16$ the one-loop $\beta$-function is negative and the coupling constant diminishes as the energy is...
1,108,101,565,520
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $M$ be a connected manifold. It is well-known that for any Cartan geometry $(\cG \to M, \omega)$ of a given type $(G,K)$ (henceforth, a ``$G/K$ geometry''), the Lie algebra of (infinitesimal) symmetries $\finf(\cG,\omega)$ (see Definition \ref{D:Cartan}) is always finite-dimensional. Ind...
1,108,101,565,521
arxiv
\chapter{Secondary $\Ext$-groups associated to pair algebras}\label{sext} In this chapter we introduce algebraically secondary $\Ext$-groups $\Ext_B$ over a pair algebra $B$. In \cite{BJ5} we already studied secondary $\Ext$-groups in an additive track category which yield the $\Ext$-groups $\Ext_B$ as a special cas...
1,108,101,565,522
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of supersymmetric field theories in physics literature naturally leads to the notion of a (Lie) superalgebra, cf. \cite{med,med2,of12,of121,of122}, being defined as follows: Let $\g=\g_0 \oplus \g_1$ be a $\mathbb{Z}_2-$graded $\mathbb{K}-$vector space. For a homogeneous element $X \in...
1,108,101,565,523
arxiv
\section*{\textcolor{SECOL}{#1}}} \def\coloredtitle#1{\title{\textcolor{TITLECOL}{#1}}} \def\coloredauthor#1{\author{\textcolor{CITECOL}{#1}}} \def\textcolor{SECOL}{Tables}{\textcolor{CONTENTSCOL}{Contents}} \definecolor{URLCOL}{rgb}{0,0.17,0.43} \definecolor{LINKCOL}{rgb}{0.05,0.4,0} \definecolor{CITECOL}{rgb}{0.35,...
1,108,101,565,524
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Metamaterials allow engineering of material parameters from their basic constituents. This property helps one to alter various phenomena associated with the propagation of electromagnetic wave. In particular, dispersion in metamaterials can be tailored by stacking a number of highly dispersive ...
1,108,101,565,525
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Outliers are a fundamental problem in statistical data analysis. Roughly speaking, an outlier is an observation point that differs from the data's ``global picture''~\cite{hawkins1980identification}. A rule of thumb is that a typical dataset may contain between 1\% and 1...
1,108,101,565,526
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent The Dirac equation utilizes a matrix algebra to construct a linear relationship between the quantum operators for energy and momentum in the equations of motion. The properties of evolution dynamics described using such linear operations on quantum states are straightforward, and...
1,108,101,565,527
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many studies in network science are concerned with community detection, proposing various methods and algorithms both for the classification of nodes into clusters, and for the evaluation of such classifications \citep{Dan05,Fort10,Fort16,New06}. Particularly in social networks, the evaluation o...
1,108,101,565,528
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary information for:\\ Stochastic transitions: Paths over higher energy barriers can dominate in the early stages} \renewcommand{\thefigure}{A\arabic{figure}} \setcounter{figure}{0} \begin{center} S.~P. Fitzgerald, A. Bailey Hass, G. D{\'\i}az Leines and A.~J. Archer \end{center} \vspace{...
1,108,101,565,529
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This is our second paper in a series on the computational aspects of Poisson geometry. In the first paper we showed how fundamental concepts from Poisson geometry could be operationalized into symbolic code \cite{CompuPoisson}. We also provided an associated Python module with our implementation...
1,108,101,565,530
arxiv
\section{Topological Orders} In a modern condensed matter physics, a concept of the symmetry breaking has a fundamental importance. At a sufficiently low temperature, most of classical systems show some ordered structure which implies that the symmetry at the high temperature is spontaneously lost or reduced. Thi...
1,108,101,565,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic fields and supersonic turbulence are two mechanisms that are commonly invoked for the regulation of star formation in our Galaxy to the observationally estimated rate of $\sim 3-5\, M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ \citep[see][]{mck89}. This is at least one hundred times less than the rate implied...
1,108,101,565,532
arxiv
\section{General introduction} The experimental breakthroughs of 1995 having led to the first realization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an atomic vapor \cite{Cornell_bec,Hulet_bec,Ketterle_bec} have opened the era of experimental studies of ultracold gases with non-negligible or even strong interactions, in dimens...
1,108,101,565,533
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*} \centering \includegraphics[width=2\columnwidth]{geometry_scheme} \caption{ Left: 3D nanoparticles thin film of thickness $h$ adhered on a semi-infinite substrate. The bottom view, as seen looking across the substrate, highlights the `patched' interface. Centre: 3D Pillar m...
1,108,101,565,534
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \label{sec:appendix} All eight feature pathways of the neurashed model in Figure~\ref{fig:bottleneck}. The left column and right column correspond to Class 1 and Class 2, respectively. \begin{figure}[!htp] \centering \begin{minipage}[c]{0.48\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=7.5cm, heig...
1,108,101,565,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{thintro} Recent advances in fabrication, manipulation and measurement of artificial quantum impurity systems such as quantum dots have led to a resurgence of interest of nanostructures in both experiment and theory. A favorable feature of these nanostructures is the outstanding tu...
1,108,101,565,536
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:intro} In surveys with complete response, the Horvitz-Thompson (HT) estimator is a design-unbiased estimator of population totals \citep{hor:tho:52}. In the presence of auxiliary information, its efficiency can be improved by incorporating into the estimator a working model that ...
1,108,101,565,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Introduction} Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses upwards of a billion solar masses have been observed less than one billion years after the Big Bang \citep{Fan_2006, Mortlock_2011, Wu_2015, Banados_2018}. However, the mechanisms which allow for the formation of supermassive b...
1,108,101,565,538
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} We consider the two-dimensional nonlinear problem describing steady waves in a horizontal open channel occupied by an inviscid, incompressible, heavy fluid, say water. The water motion is assumed to be rotational which, according to observations, is the type of m...
1,108,101,565,539
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction} The past two decades have seen immense progress in observational cosmology that has lead to the establishment of the $\Lambda$CDM model for cosmology. This development is mainly based on the combination of different cosmological probes such as the CMB temperature anisotropies, ...
1,108,101,565,540
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known (see \cite{Mcd}) that the representation theory of the symmetric groups is nicely encoded by the space of symmetric functions (in countably many commuting variables). In fact the interplay between the character theory of the symmetric groups and symmetric functions has enriched...
1,108,101,565,541
arxiv
\section*{I. Introduction} In the paper \cite{zhd97a} we have suggested a generalization of the Turbiner-Shifman approach \cite{tur88}--\cite{tus89} to the construction of quasi-exactly solvable (QES) models on line for the case of matrix Hamiltonians. We remind that originally their method was applied to scalar one-d...
1,108,101,565,542
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vskip1ex A \textit{Lie type algebra} is by definition an algebra $L$ over a field $\Bbb F$ with product $[\,,\,]$ satisfying the following property: for all elements $a, b, c \in L$ there exist $\alpha, \beta \in \Bbb F$ such that $\alpha\ne 0$ and \begin{equation}\label{tozh} [[a,b...
1,108,101,565,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec20200314a} Throughout the paper, $R$ is a commutative ring.\vspace{5pt} Let $I$ be an ideal of $R$, and assume in this paragraph that $R$ is $I$-adically complete and local. When $I$ is generated by an $R$-regular sequence, lifting property of finitely generated modules and of bounded ...
1,108,101,565,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) produces high resolution images of the subsurface directly from seismic waveforms \cite{tarantola1984inversion}. FWI is traditionally solved using optimization by minimizing the difference between predicted and observed seismograms. In such methods a good sta...
1,108,101,565,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The sheer volume of today's digital data has made {\it distributed storage systems} $($DSS$)$ not only massive in scale but also critical in importance. Every day, people knowingly or unknowingly connect to various private and public distributed storage systems, include large data centers (such ...
1,108,101,565,546
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} We present a novel MAR approach based on a generative adversarial framework with joint projection-sinogram correction and mask pyramid network. From the experimental evaluations, we show that existing MAR methods does not effectively reduce metal artifact. By contrast, the proposed approach lever...
1,108,101,565,547
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Reinforcement learning (RL) has been instrumental in many multi-agent tasks such as simulating social dilemmas \cite{leibo2017multi}, playing real-time strategy games \cite{vinyals2019grandmaster}, and optimising multi-robot control systems \cite{long2018towards}. However, sinc...
1,108,101,565,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} A pairwise relation among a group of agents is represented by a `network' (also known as `graph'), where the set of agents forms the \emph{vertex set}, and the links among them form the \emph{edge set} of the network \cite{barabasi2016network}. Examples include `social network' (int...
1,108,101,565,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a number of applications from physics, financial engineering, biology and chemistry it is of interest to compute expectations of some functionals of solutions of ordinary stochastic differential equations (SDE) and stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE) driven by white noise. U...
1,108,101,565,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study the problem of binomiality of polynomial ideals. Given an ideal with a finite set of generators, we would like to know if there exists a basis for the ideal such that its elements have at most two monomials. Such an ideal is called a \textit{binomial ideal}. We use the Conradi-Kahle ...
1,108,101,565,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The wide adoption of machine learning algorithms and ubiquitous sensors have together resulted in numerous tightly-coupled `perception-to-control' systems being deployed in the wild. In addition to effectiveness, robustness is an integral characteristic to be considered when building a trustw...
1,108,101,565,552
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coupled oscillator systems are used to model a wide range of physical and biological phenomena, where the dynamics of the underlying complex system is dominated by the interactions of its elements over multiple temporal and spatial scales. The main advantage of using such a modelling approach st...
1,108,101,565,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction:} Recently, there has been an increasing interest in spin dependent semi-inclusive deep inelastic processes motivated by the inminence of high precision semi-inclusive experiments\cite{1,27}, and by theoretical considerations related to facto\-ri\-za\-tion\cite{2,7}. Both, open the possibility to...
1,108,101,565,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Characteristic masses of the first stars (Population III or Pop III stars) and the nature of their supernova explosions are critically important to determine their role in the cosmic reionization and subsequent star formation in the early universe \citep[e.g.][]{bromm11}...
1,108,101,565,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Sensitivity analysis, i.e. the assessment of how much uncertainty in a given model output is conveyed by each model input, is a fundamental step to judge the quality of model-based inferences \cite{Saltelli2008, Jakeman2006, Eker2018}. Among the many sensitivity indices...
1,108,101,565,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Intense emission and rapid flux variability provide important clues to understand the underlying physical process operating in the relativistic, magnetized jets of blazar sources. This subset of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is comprised of BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and...
1,108,101,565,557
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:Intro}} The well-known singularity theorems by Hawking and Penrose \cite{Hawking} show that cosmological solutions to the Einstein equations generally contain singularities. As discussed by Clarke \cite{Clarke} (see also \cite{Ellis} for a comprehensive overview) there are two types of...
1,108,101,565,558
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, there have been quite a few measurements of quantities in $B$ decays which differ from the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) by $\sim2\sigma$. For example, in $B \to \pi K$, the SM has some difficulty in accounting for all the experimental measurements \cite{piKupdate}. Th...
1,108,101,565,559
arxiv
\subsection{Receiver design} \label{sec:receiver_design} A schematic of the LFI pseudo correlation receiver is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:lfi_pseudo_correlation_schematic}. In each radiometer the sky signal and a stable reference load at $\sim$4~K \cite{2009_LFI_cal_R1} are coupled to cryogenic low-noise HEMT ampl...
1,108,101,565,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this contribution we will deal with vibrational localization in Hamiltonian lattices {\sl without} any kind of disorder. We consider a solution of a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (CODE) of an underlying Hamiltonian system. The localization property of the solution implies the...
1,108,101,565,561
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A vector space~$A$ with a bilinear product~$\circ$ satisfying the identities \begin{gather} (x_1\circ x_2)\circ x_3-x_1\circ(x_2\circ x_3)=(x_2\circ x_1)\circ x_3-x_2\circ(x_1\circ x_3), \label{LeftSym} \\ (x_1\circ x_2)\circ x_3=(x_1\circ x_3)\circ x_2, \label{RightCom} \end{gather} is called a...
1,108,101,565,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) graphene are semimetals with an electron and a hole band. Both bands touch each other at two nodes. The low-energy dispersion in the vicinity of these nodes is linear in ML graphene and quadratic in BL graphene. Exactly at the nodes both systems obey a chiral symm...
1,108,101,565,563
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the standard $\Lambda$CDM scenario, the first structures to form in the universe are low-mass dark haloes, that progressively merge to produce larger and more massive structures \citep[e.g.][]{1984Natur.311..517B}. Baryons then infall into the dark potential wells, forming stars an...
1,108,101,565,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} While chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$pt) has a long history\cite{Pagels}, modern applications have been driven by the formulation given by Weinberg in 1979.\cite{Wphilo} Using power counting techniques, Weinberg demonstrated that for the most general, non--linear chiral lagrangia...
1,108,101,565,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{mage} super-resolution (SR) is an important computer vision task that aims at designing effective models to reconstruct the high-resolution (HR) images from the low-resolution (LR) images~\cite{freeman2000learning,guo2020closed,yang2019lightweight,yang2019multilevel,huang2019pyr...
1,108,101,565,566
arxiv
\subsection{Experimental setting} In order to simulate the distributed environment using a shared memory system, we use threads to simulate the task nodes, and the number of threads is equal to the number of tasks. As such, each thread is responsible for learning the model parameters of one task and communicating wit...
1,108,101,565,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea of spontaneous violation of Lorentz invariance through tensor fields with non-vanishing expectation values has garnered substantial attention in recent years \cite{Will:1972zz, Gasperini:1987nq, Kostelecky:1989jw, Colladay:1998fq, Jacobson:2000xp, Eling:2003rd, Carroll:2004ai, Jacobson...
1,108,101,565,568
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This work is supported in part by the National Science Council of R.O.C. under Grant No: NSC-97-2112-M-006-001-MY3.
1,108,101,565,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[b] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figures/teaser.pdf} \caption{We introduce a method to perform 3D reconstruction from the shadow cast on the floor by occluded objects. In the middle, we visualize our reconstruction of the occluded chair from a new c...
1,108,101,565,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The scalar resonance discovered by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations at the LHC~\cite{Higgs-Discovery_ATLAS,Higgs-Discovery_CMS,Higgs-Discovery_CMS_long} in 2012 has been found to have properties consistent with the predictions of the standard model (SM) for a Higgs boson ...
1,108,101,565,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are flexible probabilistic models for sequential data which assume the observations to depend on an underlying latent state process. Emerging from the field of speech recognition \citep{rab89}, they find applications in various areas, such as medicine \citep{lan13}, p...
1,108,101,565,572
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} Top quark physics is among the central physical topics at the Tevatron and will continue to be so at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the next few years. Compared to other lighter SM fermions, the top quark is the only fermion with mass at the electroweak symmetry breaking scale, so it is...
1,108,101,565,573
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The success of deep neural networks (DNNs) \cite{Krizhevsky,lenet,googlenet,vgg,resnet} has led to them being used in many real world applications. However, these models are also known to be susceptible to adversarial attacks, i.e., minimal patterns crafted by attackers ...
1,108,101,565,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \addtolength{\belowdisplayskip}{-3mm} \addtolength{\abovedisplayskip}{-3mm} Recently, the enlarged Krylov subspace methods \cite{EKS} were introduced in the aim of obtaining methods that converge faster than classical Krylov methods, and are parallelizable with less communication, whereby commu...
1,108,101,565,575
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} We thank Luca Carlone and Konstantinos Gatsis for inspiring discussions, and Luca Carlone for sharing code that enabled the numerical experiments in this paper. \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \section{Notation}\label{app:notation} In the appendices below we use the following notation: gi...
1,108,101,565,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, deep learning approaches have achieved tremendous success in classification problems~\cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet} as well as low-level computer vision problems such as segmentation~\cite{ronneberger2015u}, denoising~\cite{zhang2016beyond}, super resolution~\cite{kim2015accurate, s...
1,108,101,565,577
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fix $1\le p\le q<\infty$ and let $T\colon X\to E$ be a Banach space valued linear operator defined on a saturated order semi-continuous Banach function space $X$ related to a $\sigma$-finite measure $\mu$. In this paper we prove an extension theorem for $T$ in the case when $T$ is $q$-summ...
1,108,101,565,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxy clusters, the most massive gravitational bound systems, continually accrete material from their surroundings. In fact, a substantial fraction of their accretion is recent; clusters increase their mass by a factor of two between $z \sim 0.5$ and the present (e.g., \citealp{Zhao09, Fakhouri...
1,108,101,565,579
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Every day people around the world leave more and more of their digital traces at places they visit. There is an impressive amount of papers leveraging such data for studying human behavior, including mobile phone records \cite{ratti2006mlu, calabrese2006real, girardin200...
1,108,101,565,580
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} Cosmic rays (CRs) are high-energy radiation produced outside the solar system. The accelerators of CRs with energies below $10^{15} $eV (PeV, the knee) are believed to be located inside the Galaxy. Identification of the accelerators, especially which can accelerate CRs to PeV en...
1,108,101,565,581
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The coming decade will see transformative dark energy science done by both ground-based surveys (DESI \cite{DESI}, LSST \cite{LSST}) and space-based missions (Euclid \cite{EUCLID18}, WFIRST \cite{WFIRST18}). We expect that large swaths of the universe will be sampled to close to the sample varia...
1,108,101,565,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Falls are common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), and can have an enormous impact on the physical and psychological health such as injury \cite{Bloem2001, Genever2005}, reduced activity levels \cite{Bloem2001} and poor quality of life \cite{Bloem2004, Romero2003}. A review of prospective...
1,108,101,565,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Person re-identification (ReID) aims to match people in the different places (time) using another non-overlapping camera, which has become increasingly popular in recent years due to the wide range of applications, such as public security, criminal investigation, and surveillance. Most deep lear...
1,108,101,565,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many models of electroweak-scale dark matter (DM), achieving the correct thermal relic density while avoiding direct and indirect detection, collider and precision constraints requires mass relations between particles in the dark sector. As first explored in \cite{Griest:1990kh}, the dark ma...
1,108,101,565,585
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Describing a given scene is considered an essential ability for humans to perceive the world. It is thus important to develop intelligent agents with such an ability, formally known as image captioning that generates the natural language descriptions based on the given...
1,108,101,565,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blazars -- the AGNs dominated by the Doppler boosted radiation of the relativistic jets -- provide an exceptional opportunity for studies of physics of innermost parts of AGN jets. However, to take advantage of this opportunity the radiative mechanisms of the jet emission must be identified. Whi...
1,108,101,565,587
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the simplest and most frequently studied version of the general three-body problem, is the planar circular restricted three-body problem (henceforth CRTBP), which can be stated as follows: \begin{itemize} \item Two primaries, $\mathcal{M}_1$ and $\mathcal{M}_2$ at positions $X_1$ and ...
1,108,101,565,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite its difficulty, quantization of the gravitational field has attracted considerable attention because of its fundamental importance. Currently favored approaches include string theory and loops, both important schemes; see, e.g., \cite{str,ash}. A comparatively new effort is the {\it af...
1,108,101,565,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cold atoms in optical lattices exhibit phenomena typical of solid state physics like the formation of energy bands, Josephson effects Bloch oscillations and strongly correlated phases. Many of these phenomena have been already the object of experimental investigations. For a recent review see \ci...
1,108,101,565,590
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction}\label{ch:introduction} \section{\label{sec:pre}Preliminaries} The central physical phenomenon which lies behind all this work is called {\textit autoionization}. The very first sighting of this phenomenon dates back to 1935 by~\citeauthor{Beutler1935} in the context of the photoabsorption of rar...
1,108,101,565,591
arxiv
\section*{Proof Without Words} \begin{minipage}[t]{3in} Japheth Wood\\ Bard College\\ Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504 \end{minipage} \begin{minipage}[c]{3in} \centering \includegraphics[scale=1.5,trim=31 24 35 32,clip]{PetersenGraphBW3.pdf} The Petersen Graph \end{minipage} \begin{center} \includegraphics[scale=2.3,t...
1,108,101,565,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Numerical methods to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) have become ubiquitous in science and industry. Many approaches subdivide the domain of the PDE into a mesh of cells that constitute the computational elements. The finite/spectral element/volume methods are among the most preva...
1,108,101,565,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a GARCH-X type model, the variance of a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) type model is augmented by a set of exogenous regressors (X). Naturally, the question arises if the more general GARCH-X type model can be reduced to the simpler GARCH type model. Statist...
1,108,101,565,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Analysis of agents whose motion follows some patterns or rules is a topic that has been of increasing interest in recent years. Mobile agent behaviors are frequently analyzed in multiple research fields, e.g., video surveillance, crowd monitoring, sport events and situation ...
1,108,101,565,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Currently a variety of different notions of quantumness are discussed. It is of fundamental interest to classify the nature into one part showing classical signatures, and another one dominated by quantum phenomena. In quantum optics, the most common notion of n...
1,108,101,565,596
arxiv
\section{The gist of it} {\bf To show:} If there is a one-to-one map from $4 \times A$ to $4 \times B$ (which need not hit all of the range $4 \times B$), then there is a one-to-one map from $A$ to $B$. \noindent {\bf A word to the wise:} Check out what Rich Schwartz has to say in \cite{schwartz:four}. \noindent {\b...
1,108,101,565,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Brane setups \cite{Han-Wit} have been widely attempted to provide an alternative to algebro-geometric methods in the construction of gauge theories (see \cite{Giveon} and references therein). The advantages of the latter include the enlightening of important properties of manifolds such as mir...
1,108,101,565,598
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Persistent homology is a way of quantifying the topology of a function. Given a function $f : X \to \Rspace$, persistence scans the homology of the sublevel sets $f^{-1}(-\infty, r]$ as $r$ varies from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. As it scans, homology appears and homology disappears. This history ...
1,108,101,565,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Poisson vertex algebras (PVA) arise as the quasi-classical limit of a family of vertex algebras \cite{DSK06} in the same way as Poisson algebras arise as the quasi-classical limit of a family of associative algebras. Note also that a PVA is a local counterpart of a Coisson (=chiral Poisson) a...
1,108,101,565,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Aggregation is a fundamental irreversible process in which physical objects merge irreversibly to form larger objects. Aggregation has numerous applications ranging from astronomy where planetary systems form via collisions of planetesimals, to atmospheric science \cite{drake,sein}, to chemical...
1,108,101,565,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{SecI} Interferometric detectors of gravitational waves with frequency content $0 < f < f_0$ may be thought of as optical configurations with one or more arms folding coherent trains of electromagnetic waves (or beams) of nominal frequency $\nu_0 \gg f_0$. At points where these intersect, ...
1,108,101,565,602
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Many problems of relevance in bioinformatics, signal processing, and statistical learning can be formulated as minimizing a \emph{composite function}: \begin{align} \minimize_{x \in \mathbf{R}^n} \,f(x) := g (x) + h(x), \label{eq:composite-form} \end{align} where...
1,108,101,565,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \iffalse - broad view of the field and growing interest - gai - many different subtasks - we focus on one - challenges: understanding a text iteratively towards increasingly more complicated questions/tasks each time different type of questions in this cont...
1,108,101,565,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{acronym} \acrodef{BH}[BH]{black hole} \acrodef{BAT}[BAT]{Burst Alert Telescope} \acrodef{BNS}[BNS]{binary neutron star} \acrodef{EM}[EM]{electromagnetic} \acrodef{EOS}[EOS]{equation of state} \acrodef{FAP}[FAP]{false alarm probability} \acrodef{FAR}[FAR]{false alarm rate} \acrodef{GBM}[G...
1,108,101,565,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper deals with the solvability of a class of complex vector fields on the two-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^2$. The main results are generalizations of those contained in the recent papers \cite{CDM} and \cite{CDM1} where the focus was on solvability in domains of the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$....
1,108,101,565,606
arxiv
\section*{Introduction.} In Riemannian geometry Vogel proved that every circle-preserving diffeomorphism is conformal, c.f. \cite{Vo} and \cite{Ku}. This theorem has been extended to pseudo-Riemannian manifolds in \cite{Cat}. Here, we shall extend this theorem to Finsler manifolds. Using the Cartan covariant derivat...
1,108,101,565,607
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \begin{proof}[\textbf{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:minimax}}] The proof is identical to that in \cite{RakSriTew10a}. For simplicity, denote $\psi(x_{1:T}) = \inf_{f\in\F} \sum_{t=1}^T f(x_t)$. The first step in the proof is to appeal to the minimax theorem for every couple of $\inf$ and $\sup$: \begi...
1,108,101,565,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Short period binaries with dwarf components have proven to be ideal systems to constrain stellar structure and evolution models with precise mass and radius data. White Dwarf / Red Dwarf (hereafter WD+RD) binaries are of particular relevance, as their large difference both in r...
1,108,101,565,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The study of the potential theory for the $d$-dimensional harmonic oscillator $$ \mathcal{H}=-\Delta+\|x\|^2, $$ has recently been initiated by Bongioanni and Torrea \cite{BT}. The multi-dimensional Hermite functions $h_k$ are eigenfunctions of $\mathcal{H}$ and we have ...
1,108,101,565,610
arxiv
\section{A brief introduction to cosmology} \subsection{The basics} Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, and its aim is to understand the origin of the universe and its evolution. The study of the cosmos is as old as humanity and has always been fascinating. Physical cosmology\footnote{We will drop the ...
1,108,101,565,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Randall-Sundrum\ (RS) hypothesis of the existence of a fifth space dimension with a warped metric\ \cite{Randall:1999ee} provides an alternative solution to the gauge hierarchy problem, which is distinct from the supersymmetric\ (SUSY) approach. Different embedding of the Standard Model\ (SM...
1,108,101,565,612
arxiv
\section{Derivation of the UCT-HLLD scheme for Isothermal MHD} \label{app:UCT_HLLD_isothermal} The wave pattern emerging from the solution of the Riemann problem in isothermal MHD differs from its adiabatic counterpart for the absence of the contact or entropy mode. The HLLD flux can still be written in the Roe-like f...
1,108,101,565,613
arxiv
\section{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS} { This work was supported in parts by NSFC (61872250, 62132021, U2001206, U21B2023, 62161146005), GD Talent Plan (2019JC05X328), GD Natural Science Foundation (2021B1515020085), DEGP Key Project (2018KZDXM058, 2020SFKC059), National Key R\&D Program of China (2018AAA0102200), Shenzhen Sci...
1,108,101,565,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An ultracold atom gas in the presence of disordered environments is becoming a subject of increasing experimental and theoretical research activities. Generally, one would like to understand how the condensation and the superfluid properties of ultracold gases are influenced by a spatially ra...