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1,108,101,565,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The origin of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR, with
energies~$E>10^{18}$~eV) still remains a mystery.
Experimental results \cite{HPphoton,photonreview,Augerphoton} suggest that
the UHECR flux is composed predominantly of hadronic primary particles.
As charged particles,... |
1,108,101,565,316 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}In recent years there has been considerable interest in
the breakdown of the Lorentz invariance, as a phenomenological possibility
\cite{alan} in the context of various quantum field theories as well as
modified gravity and string theories\cite{kraus,arkani,grip,tajac}. The
... |
1,108,101,565,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout we shall assume that all graphs are simple. For a positive integer $r$ we let $K_r$ denote a complete graph on $r$ vertices and we let $K_{r,r}$ denote a balanced complete bipartite graph with $r$ vertices in each part. A \emph{triangle} in a graph $G$ is a subgraph isomorphic to $K... |
1,108,101,565,318 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Zero-shot recognition~\cite{lampert2014attribute,palatucci2009zero} considers if models trained on a given set of $\seen$ classes $\mathcal{S}$ can extrapolate to a distinct set of $\unseen$ classes $\mathcal{U}$. In generalized zero-shot learning~\cite{chao2016empirical,xian20... |
1,108,101,565,319 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf
In recent years it has become understood that quantum oscillations of the magnetization as a function of magnetic field, long recognized as phenomena intrinsic to metals, can also manifest in insulating systems.
Theory has shown that in certain simple band insulators, quantum oscillatio... |
1,108,101,565,320 | arxiv | \section{Introduction :}
Quasi-particle models of quark gluon plasma (qQGP) are phenomenological models to explain the non-ideal behavior of quark gluon plasma (QGP), seen in lattice simulation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at finite temperature \cite{bo.1,bo.1b,fo.1,pn.1} and relativistic heavy ion collisions. Th... |
1,108,101,565,321 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Swimming magnetic microrobots have attracted much attention in recent years. These robots
can be used for operation in hard-to-reach environments of the human body and performing
safety critical medical operations such as targeted therapy and tissue removal~\cite{peyer2013bio}.
Despite rece... |
1,108,101,565,322 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are incorporated in real-world applications used by a broad spectrum of industry sectors including healthcare \citep{Shorten2021DeepLA,Fink2020PotentialCA}, finance \citep{Huang2020DeepLI, Culkin2017MachineLI}, self-driving vehicles \citep{Swinn... |
1,108,101,565,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pre-trained language models (PrLM), including ELECTRA \cite{clark2020electra}, RoBERTa\cite{liu2019roberta}, and BERT \cite{devlin:bert}, have demonstrated strong performance in downstream tasks \cite{wang2018glue}. Leveraging a self-supervised training on large text corpora, these models are ab... |
1,108,101,565,324 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that every symplectic form on $X = S^2\times S^2$ is, after
multiplication by a suitable constant, symplectomorphic to a product form
${\omega}^{\lambda} = (1+{\lambda}){\sigma}_1 + {\sigma}_2$ for some ${\lambda} \ge 0$, where the $2$-form
${\sigma}_i$ has total area $1$ on ... |
1,108,101,565,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mobility is a key factor in determining autonomy and independence for people with severe disabilities (PsD). Electric powered wheelchairs (EPW) are an important means of providing mobility to PsD across the age span. Tips and falls are the most frequent reason that PsD who use EPW report to eme... |
1,108,101,565,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent cosmological observations give evidence for the presence of a cosmological matter density, which represents about 27\% of the total density of the Universe, and the presence of the so-called dark energy. Using the total matter density observed by WMAP \cite{Komatsu:2008hk} and the bar... |
1,108,101,565,327 | arxiv |
\section{Background}\label{sec:background}
\begin{table*}[t]
\captionsetup{font=scriptsize}
\vspace{-0.1in}
\scriptsize
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Database & \thead{\scriptsize{\# Unique} \\ \scriptsize{contents}} & \# Distortions & \thead{\scriptsize{\# Picture} \scriptsize{contents}} & \t... |
1,108,101,565,328 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we have demonstrated a novel method for music-to-body movement generation in 3-D space. Different from previous studies, which merely apply conventional recurrent neural networks on this task, our model incorporates the U-net with self-attention mechanism to e... |
1,108,101,565,329 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent realistic MHD simulations have revealed that the complex
brightness and flow structure of sunspots results from convective energy
transport dominated by a strong vertical (in the umbra) or inclined (in
the penumbra) magnetic field \citep{Heinemann:etal:2007,
Scharmer:etal:2008, Rempel:eta... |
1,108,101,565,330 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{INTRODUCTION}
Deep inelastic scattering (DIS) off protons has provided decisive information on
the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. Inclusive
measurements of the cross section for the reaction $ep\rightarrow e{\rm X}$
as a function of the virtuality of the exchanged boson... |
1,108,101,565,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $C$ be a smooth irreducible projective curve of genus $2$ over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic zero, and let $\mathcal{SU}_C(3)$ be the moduli space of rank $3$ vector bundles over $C$ with trivial determinant. Laszlo began to investigate the local structure of this modul... |
1,108,101,565,332 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hybrid analog and digital beamforming (HBF) design has recently been recognized as a key technology in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems to improve the spectral efficiency and/or energy-efficiency at affordable hardware cost and power consumption \cite{sohrabi2016hybrid}-\cite{Tsinos... |
1,108,101,565,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An interesting development in the black holes studies is the discovery of the black ring solutions
of the five dimensional Einstein equations by Emparan and Reall \cite{ER1}, \cite{ER2}. These are asymptotically
flat solutions with an event horizon of topology $S^2\times S^1$ rather the much mo... |
1,108,101,565,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exploration of extragalactic objects, or in particular, Active
Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), with long-baseline interferometers in the
near-infrared (near-IR) has been very limited. While the brightest
Type 1 AGN NGC4151 and Type 2 AGN NGC1068 have been observed by
\cite{Swain03} and \cite{Wittkow... |
1,108,101,565,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Sparse approximations have over the last decade gained a great deal of popularity in
numerous areas. For example, in compressed sensing, a large sparse signal is decoded
by finding a sparse solution to a system of linear equalities and/or inequalities. Our particular
inter... |
1,108,101,565,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
According to the most general definition of a system (see e.g. \cite{KaFaArbib}),
by a discrete system (further --- a system) we understand a stationary dynamical system with a
discrete time $\N_0=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$; that is, a 5-tuple $\mathfrak A=\langle\Cal I,\Cal S,\Cal O,S,O\rangle$
wher... |
1,108,101,565,337 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nonconforming finite element methods (FEMs) have recently been rehabilitated
by the medius analysis, which combines arguments from traditional a~priori and a~posteriori error analysis \cite{Gudi10}. {In particular, nonconforming finite element schemes can be equivalent \cite{CCDGNN15,CC_DP_... |
1,108,101,565,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Overview}
Charmonium suppression is one of the classical probes used in heavy
ion collisions. Since charm quark pairs originate during early hard
processes, they go through all stages of the evolution of the system. A
small fraction of such pairs $\sim O(10^{-2})$
produces bound $... |
1,108,101,565,339 | arxiv | \section{Motivation and objectives}
The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for external aerodynamic
applications has been a key tool for aircraft design in the modern
aerospace industry. CFD methodologies with increasing functionality
and performance have greatly improved our understanding and predictive
capabi... |
1,108,101,565,340 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Gradually typed programming languages are designed to resolve the
conflict between static and dynamically typed programming styles
\citep{tobin-hochstadt06,tobin-hochstadt08,siek-taha06}.
A gradual language allows a smooth transition from dynamic to static
typing through grad... |
1,108,101,565,341 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conformal mapping \cite{ZN} is a coordinate transformation technique that has found numerous practical applications in science and engineering. Most of these applications are for two-dimensional problems but the scope of the technique is not limited to two-dimensions. Liouville's theorem \cite{D... |
1,108,101,565,342 | arxiv | \section{Formalism of resonant-state expansion for outside perturbation}
Suppose that we have calculated a sufficient number of the RSs of a basis optical system described by generally dispersive permittivity and permeability tensors, $\hat{{\pmb{\varepsilon}}}(k,\r)$ and $\hat{{\pmb{\mu}}}(k,\r)$, where $k=\omega/c$ ... |
1,108,101,565,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Learning theory traditionally has been studied in a statistical framework, discussed at length, for example, by \citet{SSS14:book}.
The issue with this approach is that the analysis of the performance of learning methods seems to critically depend
on whether the data generating mechanism satisfie... |
1,108,101,565,344 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By using a \emph{Bell-nonlocal}~\cite{Bell64,NLreview} resource, such as an entangled pure quantum state, one can generate correlations between measurement outcomes which do not obey the principle of local causality~\cite{Bell04}, beating our intuitive understanding of nature. To date, convincin... |
1,108,101,565,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mass of the top quark is a fundamental parameter of the
Standard Model, since it enters in the electroweak precision tests
\cite{gfitter} and constrained the mass of the Higgs boson
even before its actual discovery at the LHC.
Moreover, the fact that the
electroweak
vacuum lies on the boun... |
1,108,101,565,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-2mm}
The term `quantification' was introduced by Forman~\cite{forman2008quantifying} and defined as the task of estimating the class-distribution of a categorical data-set. In a typical scenario, a classifier is trained on a set of labeled `source' samples, and applied to a new set of `t... |
1,108,101,565,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{SecIntro}
Risset and Mathews \cite{risset1969} were the first to highlight the fact that the spectral enrichment of brass sounds with increasing sound level is crucial to recognize these instruments. They included nonlinear distortion into their additive sound synthesis more than 10 years... |
1,108,101,565,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
One of the most important questions in a gravitational theory (such as GR) and relativistic astrophysics is the gravitational
collapse of a massive star under its own gravity at the end of its life cycle. A process in which a sufficiently massive
star undergoes a continual gravitati... |
1,108,101,565,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
With the rapid development in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and their engineering and scientific applications, the need for accurate and efficient simulations of fluid flows has become vitally important. The lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has proved especially adv... |
1,108,101,565,350 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\begin{displaymath}}{\begin{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\end{displaymath}}{\end{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqn... |
1,108,101,565,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Deep learning offers a powerful framework for learning increasingly complex
representations for visual recognition tasks. The work of Krizhevsky \etal
\cite{KSH13} convincingly demonstrated that deep neural networks can be very
effective in classifying images in the challenging... |
1,108,101,565,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The {\em Kepler} science team is reporting on its first planet discoveries (\citealp{koi7,borucki10,koi17,koi18,koi97}) in this volume -- discoveries discerned from data taken in the first weeks of science operations. The progression from pixels to planet detection passes throug... |
1,108,101,565,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The explosive advances of convolution neural networks (CNNs) are mainly driven by continuously growing model parameters, incurring deployment difficulty on resource-constrained devices.
By directly removing parameters for a sparse model, network sparsity emerges as an important ... |
1,108,101,565,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:Introduction}}
Online social networking platforms are being increasingly used by campaigners, activists and marketing managers for promoting ideas, brands and products. In particular, the ability to recommend news articles \cite{Leskovec2009}, videos, and even products \cite{Leskovec20... |
1,108,101,565,355 | arxiv |
\subsection{Results}
Throughout the paper, we will understand the {\em minimal polynomial} of an algebraic number to be its minimal polynomial over $\mathbb{Z}$; we obtain this by multiplying the traditional minimal polynomial over $\mathbb{Q}$ by the smallest positive integer such that all its coefficients bec... |
1,108,101,565,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although rare, massive stars ($M_*>8-10M_\odot$) play a crucial role in multiple astrophysical domains in the Universe. Throughout their life they continuously lose mass via strong stellar winds that transfer energy and momentum to the interstellar medium. As the main engines of nucleosynthesis,... |
1,108,101,565,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-agent path finding ({\bf MAPF}\xspace) problem aims to find paths for multiple agents from their initial locations to destinations such that no two agents collide with each other while they follow these paths. This problem has been studied under various constraints (e.g., where an upper bo... |
1,108,101,565,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reflected forms of regular Dirichlet forms have been introduced by Silverstein in \cite{Sil1} to study the boundary behavior of Markov processes. More precisely, it is an important question to characterize all extensions of a given Markov process beyond its lifetime, whose sample paths show the... |
1,108,101,565,359 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Conventional imaging sensors detect signals lying on regular grids. On the other hand, recent advances and proliferation in sensing have led to new imaging signals lying on irregular domains. An example is brain imaging data such as Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoenc... |
1,108,101,565,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rydberg atoms are -- amongst others -- highly susceptible to external fields and show a strong mutual interaction \cite{gallagher94}. Combining the extraordinary properties of Rydberg atoms, which originate from the large displacement of the valence electron and the remaining ionic core, with th... |
1,108,101,565,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We study a general class of complex non-linear segmentation energies
with high-order regional terms. Such energies are often desirable in
the computer vision tasks of image segmentation, co-segmentation and
stereo
\cite{kkz:iccv03,freedman:pami04,rother:cvpr06,Ismail:LevelSetsWithArea08,isma... |
1,108,101,565,362 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The possibility of producing translationally ultracold molecules
has recently generated great anticipation in the field of
molecular dynamics. Attractive applications include the
possibility of testing fundamental symmetries
\cite{EDM}, the potential of new phases of matter \cite{10, 11a,
11b, 1... |
1,108,101,565,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\def\mathcal{N}{\mathcal{N}}
The recent developments on the duality between $\mathcal{N}=6$ superconformal Chern-Simons
theory in three dimensions and superstrings moving on ${\rm AdS}_4 \times {\mathbb P}^3$
\cite{{Aharony:2008ug}, Benna:2008zy,Schwarz:2004yj,Bagger:2007vi,Bagger:2006sk,Gustav... |
1,108,101,565,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
{A class of scalar-tensor} theories of
{gravity --- Horndeski
theories~\cite{Horndeski} and their
extensions~\cite{Zuma,GLVP,KobaRev} --} has proved itself promising
candidate for supporting
various cosmological scenarios including those without the initial
{singularity.}
Wh... |
1,108,101,565,365 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the present note we focus on the sub-Riemannian geodesics for sub-Riemannian structures associated with the complex dimensional Hopf fibration
$$\mathbb S^1 \hookrightarrow \mathbb S^{2n+1}\hookrightarrow \mathbb {CP}^n$$
over the complex projective space $\mathbb {CP}^n$. The motivat... |
1,108,101,565,366 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-3pt}
The ever-increasing employment of machine learning (ML) technology, especially deep neural networks (DNNs), in various applications has tremendously improved these application domains' efficiency, such as computer vision \cite{CV1,he2016deep,simonyan2014very}, speech recognition \ci... |
1,108,101,565,367 | arxiv | \section{Methodology}
Customers experience in fashion e-commerce consists in selecting an article in a desired size, trying the article, forming an opinion on its size and returning or keeping it. To simulate the customers behavior towards sizing, we model the joint probability of a customer to pick a size and the res... |
1,108,101,565,368 | arxiv | \section{Nonlocal Gauge theories}
A consistent gauge-invariant theory for spin one massless particles
regardless of the spacetime dimension fits in the following general class of theories
\cite{modestoLeslaw}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&
\mathcal{L}_{\rm gauge} = - \frac{1}{4 g^2} {\rm tr}\con\left[ \, {\bf F} \, e^{H({\ca... |
1,108,101,565,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we shall deal with the problem of constructing {\it compactly supported radial} functions $\Phi$
on $\R^d$ such that the symmetric kernels $\Phi(\bx-\by)$ could serve as reproducing kernels for Sobolev spaces
under appropriate inner products. Due to advantageous aspects in practi... |
1,108,101,565,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the role of particle inertia on the
late-time dispersion process is a problem of paramount importance in a
variety of situations, mainly related to geophysics and atmospheric
sciences. Airborne particulate matter in the atmosphere has indeed a
well-recognized role for the E... |
1,108,101,565,371 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cosmic neutrinos of energy in the Exavolt and higher (1 EeV = $10^{18}$~eV) energy range,
though as yet undetected,
are expected to arise through a host of energetic acceleration and interaction
processes at source locations throughout the universe. However, in only one of these
sources--the dis... |
1,108,101,565,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
More than 30 years ago 't Hooft \cite{'t Hooft:1976up,'tHooft:fv}
explored some of the physical consequences of topological structures
\cite{Belavin:1975fg} in non-Abelian gauge theories. The issues are
directly tied to chiral anomalies, and the phenomena discussed ranged
fr... |
1,108,101,565,373 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Since the relativistic and higher-order $\alpha_s$ corrections are
less important for bottomonia than for any other $q\bar q$ systems,
study on bottomonia may offer more direct information about the
hadron configuration and application of the perturbative QCD. The
key problem is how to dea... |
1,108,101,565,374 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In a series of articles on biological evolution published in the Journal of Statistical Physics, it is natural to ask what expertise and insights statistical physicists can bring to the study of evolution, and in what way might their approach to the subject differ from biologis... |
1,108,101,565,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fermat varieties have been touchstones for various conjectures in number theory and algebraic geometry.
For example, they have provided evidences for the conjectures of Weil, Hasse-Weil, Hodge, Tate, Bloch, etc.
Another most fascinating conjecture is the Beilinson conjecture \cite{beilinson} ... |
1,108,101,565,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Nambu -- Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model \cite{Nambu} is a quantum field
theory of fermions in which the only interaction is an attractive
contact interaction between fermion and anti-fermion. Its Lagrangian
density is
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}=\bar\psi_{\alpha p}(\partial{\!\!\! /}\,+m)\psi_{\alph... |
1,108,101,565,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The class of L\'evy processes with paths whose graphs have convex hulls in the plane with smooth boundary almost surely has recently been characterised in~\cite{SmoothCM}. In fact, as explained in~\cite{SmoothCM}, to understand whether the boundary is smooth at a point with t... |
1,108,101,565,378 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a high-dimensional regression setting, we are faced with many potential explanatory variables (features),
often with most of these features having zero or little true effect on the response. Model
selection methods can be applied to find a small submodel containing the most relevant features,
... |
1,108,101,565,379 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\vskip-\baselineskip
Spatially indirect excitons in a semiconductor system are a highly sought alternative for achieving quantum condensation and superfluidity in solid state devices at experimentally accessible temperatures.
Excitons are electrons and holes that bind into pairs through their l... |
1,108,101,565,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
``Supernova impostors" are a heterogeneous class of transient exhibiting luminosities between those of classical novae and supernovae (SNe), and a wide variety of light curves and spectral features (Smith et al. 2011; Van Dyk \& Matheson 2012). Some have been broadly characterised as extragalacti... |
1,108,101,565,381 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors gratefully acknowledge, that the proposed research is a result of the
research project “IIP-Ecosphere”, granted by the German Federal Ministry for
Economics and Climate Action (BMWK) via funding code 01MK20006A.
\section*{Author contributions statement}
All authors provided cr... |
1,108,101,565,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Three decades ago it was proposed that systems composed of an
unconfined Fermi liquid of up, down, and strange quarks could be
absolutely stable \cite{Wit, Bodmer, Chin, Terazawa}. In its
simplest Fermi liquid picture, stability depends on whether it
would be possible or not to lower the energy ... |
1,108,101,565,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to public blockchain-based financial infrastructure that uses smart contracts to replicate traditional financial services in a more open, interoperable, and transparent way \cite{Schaer.2021}. These smart contract-based services are u... |
1,108,101,565,384 | arxiv |
\section{Appendix}
\input{tables/architecture}
\input{tables/hyperparameters}
\section{Background}
\label{sec:background}
In this section, we review the background notation, the basic variational autoencoder (VAE) framework, and the concept of \emph{disentanglement} in the context of this framework.
\subsection{Var... |
1,108,101,565,385 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In multi-label classification the task is to automatically assign an object to multiple categories based on its characteristics. Each object of our interest is described by a feature vector $\field{x}$ belonging to $p$-dimensional space and vector of $K$ labels $\field{y}=(y_1,\ldots,y_K)'$. In ... |
1,108,101,565,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{}
This paper is intended to supplement the two earlier papers \cite{BW13, BW18} of the first two authors on canonical bases arising from quantum symmetric pairs (QSP) and applications to super Kazhdan-Lusztig theory; it extends some principal results therein to proper generalities. ... |
1,108,101,565,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent advances in measure theory have stimulated the resurgence of Maharam's classical work \cite{ma42} to the formulation of the ``saturation'' of measure spaces. The notion of saturation is rooted in the study of Loeb spaces. A refinement of this notion appeared in \cite{fk02,fr12,hk84} and th... |
1,108,101,565,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Block-wise product (BWP) codes, particularly BWP-BCH codes, recently received quite a lot of research as well as practical interests \cite{Cho14} -- \cite{Kim16}.
In BWP codes, the user data is arranged in a two-dimensional array, composed of rows and columns. Each entry of the... |
1,108,101,565,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a classical result of A.\,Clebsch \cite{clebschPaper} that every planar pentagon $P$ is projectively equivalent to the pentagon $P'$ formed by intersections of diagonals of~$P$. More precisely, if we label the vertices of $P$ and $P'$ in such way that the $k$'th vertex of $P'$ is opposite... |
1,108,101,565,390 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Experimental studies of the $D_2$ spectrum have been started just after discovery of
atomic deuterium \cite{Urey1932_1, Urey1932_2}. First reports were motivated by the
problem of spectroscopic determination of the nuclear spin of deuterium
\cite{LewisAshley1933, MurphyJohnston1934} and... |
1,108,101,565,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The picture of the large-scale structures reveals that matter in the
Universe forms an intricate and complex system, defined as ``cosmic
web'' \citep{Z82,S83,E84,Bond96,a2010}.
First attempts of mapping the three-dimensional spatial distribution
of galaxies in the Universe \citep{g78,de86,geller... |
1,108,101,565,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intsec}
NASA's {\it Kepler} mission has been an enormous success, discovering over 3500 planet candidates to date \cp{Borucki2011,Batalha2012}. Among the mission's many firsts and accomplishments, however, one of the most revolutionary is that for the first time we have a robust determ... |
1,108,101,565,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Nowadays, most advanced signal processing applications, such as wireless communications, graphics, industrial control and medical imaging, strongly rely on linear algebra algorithms. Some of these algorithms require performing QR Decomposition (QRD)~\cite{matrixCompu}\cite{Sh... |
1,108,101,565,394 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{Sec1}}
The consistent consideration of quantum processes in the vacuum violating
backgrounds has to be done in the framework of nonperturbative calculations
for quantum field theory, in particular, QED. Different analytical and
numerical methods were applied to study the effect of electron-... |
1,108,101,565,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After the observation of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) \cite{expt1,rmp1999} of alkali atoms, there have been
many experimental studies to explore different quantum phenomena involving matter wave
previously not accessible for investigation in a controlled environment, such as, quantum
pha... |
1,108,101,565,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent years have seen significant advances in quantum and quantum-inspired Ising solvers, such as quantum annealers~\cite{johnson2011quantum}, quantum approximate optimization circuits~\cite{farhi2014quantum}, or coherent Ising machines~\cite{honjo2021100}.
These are devices/methodologies desig... |
1,108,101,565,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Formamide (NH$_2$CHO{}) is an interstellar complex organic molecule (iCOM,
referring to C-bearing species with six atoms or more)
\citep{Herbst2009,Ceccarelli2017} and a key precursor of more complex
organic molecules, that can lead to the origin of life,
because of its potential to form peptide... |
1,108,101,565,398 | arxiv | \section{\fontsize{18}{25}\selectfont Supplementary Information}
\section{Multi-photon coincidence amplitudes}
For convenience, we will assume the JSA is a matrix of amplitudes corresponding to photon-pair creation at particular signal and idler frequencies. Since the JSA is actually a continuous function, the bandwid... |
1,108,101,565,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Disks around young stars provide the material from which planets form. Knowledge of their physical and chemical structure is therefore crucial for understanding planet formation and composition. The physics of protoplanetary disks has been studied in great detail, both using ob... |
1,108,101,565,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hopf orders allow to introduce a number-theoretic perspective in the study of semisimple Hopf algebras. For cocommutative Hopf algebras (group algebras), a rich theory on Hopf orders emerged from Larson's seminal papers \cite{L1} and \cite{L2}; see, for example, \cite{Ch2} and \cite{U} and the... |
1,108,101,565,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Majorana fermions are zero energy spatially localized states that emerge in topological superconductors as an equal superposition of electrons and holes \cite{kitaev,read,wilczek}. Theoretical predictions for their presence in nanoscale devices, such as spin-orbit coupled wir... |
1,108,101,565,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{Respiratory motion hampers accurate diagnosis as well as image-guided therapeutics. For example, during radiotherapy,} it may lead to poor local tumor control and increased radiation toxicity to the normal organs~\cite{motionlung2018}.
It can also exhibit itself as motion artifacts in the acquir... |
1,108,101,565,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Networked systems are ubiquitous and include critical infrastructure networks such as the power grid, gas transmission pipelines, water networks and district heating systems. In such systems, optimization is often leveraged to maximize technical performance or economic efficienc... |
1,108,101,565,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Protein mediated regulation of membrane curvature occurs during many cellular processes such as cargo trafficking, cell motility, cell growth, and division \cite{McMahon2005, Zimmerberg2006, Jarsch2016, Bassereau2018}.
Recently, several classes of proteins capable of curv... |
1,108,101,565,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{$\widehat{HF}(Y)$ an invariant associated with $\pi_1(Y)$}
Heegaard Floer homology is an invariant associated with a closed oriented three manifold which was introduced by $\text{Ozsv\'{a}th}$ and $\text{Szab\'{o}}$ in \cite{OS}. There are four versions of this invariant: ... |
1,108,101,565,406 | arxiv | |
1,108,101,565,407 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One definition of the epoch of galaxy formation is when galaxies first began
to form stars. Different types of galaxies (e.g., ellipticals and spirals)
or different parts of the same type of galaxies (e.g., bulge and
disk of spirals) may have formed at different epochs. A important goal of ... |
1,108,101,565,408 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics techniques are widely employed
in the study of molecular fluids under steady flow. Periodic boundary
conditions (PBCs) are employed to study bulk properties of a fluid, but
standard PBCs with a fixed simulation box are incompatible with a homogeneous
linear... |
1,108,101,565,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lasers emit light over a range of wavelengths
described by the laser line shape
function.\cite{Csele,Milonni,Pedrotti} For a HeNe laser operating
under normal conditions, the main source of laser line shape
broadening is Doppler broadening in the lasing medium, resulting in
a Gaussian gain profil... |
1,108,101,565,410 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Correlations in ultracold atomic gases arise from the interplay of quantum statistics,
interactions and thermal and quantum fluctuations. Recently, a lot of progress has been
made experimentally to probe and characterize these correlations
\cite{stenger99,altman04,bloch:885,gericke08}. The on... |
1,108,101,565,411 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The strength and variation of observed solar activity is governed by
the spatio-temporal dependence of flow fields in the convective
envelope \citep{charbonneau05,fan09}.
Thus, understanding the physics that governs the evolution
and sustenance of the activity cycle of the... |
1,108,101,565,412 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgement}
We thank T. Alexiadis and J.~M\'{a}rquez for the data acquisition, B. Pellkofer for hardware support, A. Quiros-Ramires for support with MTurk, A. Osman for support with Tensorflow, and S. Pujades for help with finalizing the paper. We further thank Karras et al. for providing us with a sta... |
1,108,101,565,413 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{Intro}}
Since 1990s the standard {\sl de facto} for scientific high performance computations involving discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is FFTW library~\cite{FFTW}.
Author used it during his whole research career, from early 2000s, when it was still version 2. This library provides self tune... |
1,108,101,565,414 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The aim of this work is to investigate the solutions to some boundary value problems involving the equation
\begin{equation}
\left( D^{\nu_1}_{t} + D^{\nu_2}_{x} \right) u = 0, \quad x \in \Omega_0,\, t \geq 0, \quad \nu_j \in (0,1) \cup \mathbb{N},\, j=1,2 \label{eqFirst}
\end{equation}
where $... |
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