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1,108,101,565,415 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A type II supernova explosion is one of the most spectacular
events in astrophysics, with huge energy release of about
$10^{53}$ erg or several tens of MeV per nucleon \cite{Bethe}.
When the core of a massive star collapses, it reaches densities
several times larger than the normal nuclear densi... |
1,108,101,565,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Stochastic partial differential equations (stochastic PDEs) arise in
many fields, such as biology, physics, engineering, and economics, in which
random phenomena play a crucial role. Complex systems always
contain some element of uncertainty. Uncertainty may arise ... |
1,108,101,565,417 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High resolution spectroscopy has been employed to infer the chemistry and history of populations across the Milky Way. Advances in infrared detector technology and instrumentation have recently enabled large scale studies directed toward the central parts of the Galaxy - the bulge and nuclear sta... |
1,108,101,565,418 | arxiv | \subsection{Contractive shadowing}
We prove here a {\em shadowing lemma} saying that under some conditions a loose pseudo-orbit of a chain of contracting maps is shadowed by a true orbit of the mapping sequence. In particular, a closed pseudo-orbit is shadowed by a periodic orbit of the mapping chain.
Given a metric... |
1,108,101,565,419 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Structured fluids composed of discrete particles, bubbles or droplets are abundant in industry and nature. The importance of these materials is highlighted by the century long continued scientific attention which their flow behavior has received. At sufficient volume fraction of ... |
1,108,101,565,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Jordan type of a graded Artinian algebra $A$ and linear form $\ell$ is a partition determining the Jordan block decomposition for the (nilpotent) multiplication map by $\ell$ on $A$ which is denoted by $P_{\ell,A}=P_\ell$. Jordan type determines the weak and strong Lefschetz properties of Art... |
1,108,101,565,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The celebrated \emph{Cahn--Hilliard equation},
\begin{equation*}
u_t=\Delta\left(-\varepsilon^2\Delta u+F'(u)\right),
\end{equation*}
where $\varepsilon$ is a positive constant and $F:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is a double well potential with wells of equal depth,
was originally proposed... |
1,108,101,565,422 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have achieved remarkable success in many fields, such as computer vision, natural language processing, information retrieval, etc. However, training and deploying DCNNs usually require a large amount of computational cost and power consumption, which is ... |
1,108,101,565,423 | arxiv | \section*{\nomname
}
}{\typeout{Success}}{\typeout{Failure}}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\renewcommand{\nomgroup}[1]{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{A}}{\item[\textbf{Abbreviations}]}{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{G}}{\item[\textbf{Symbols}]}{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{C}}{\item[\textbf{Abbreviations}]}{%
\ifthenelse{\... |
1,108,101,565,424 | arxiv | \section{Abstract}
\noindent
Coherent neural spiking and local field potentials are believed to be signatures of the binding and transfer of information in the brain. Coherent activity has now been measured experimentally in many regions of mammalian cortex. Synfire chains are one of the main theoretical constructs tha... |
1,108,101,565,425 | arxiv | |
1,108,101,565,426 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{secIntroduction}
Credit scoring is undoubtedly one of the oldest applications of analytics where lenders and financial institutions perform statistical analysis to assess the creditworthiness of potential borrowers to help them decide whether or not to grant credit \citep{thomas2000survey}.... |
1,108,101,565,427 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Indirect measures of the structure of massive-star winds are possible in X-ray binaries through the analysis of the interaction between the compact companion and the stellar wind.
In this report we summarize the constraints obtained on wind clumping in HMXB using the hard X-ray variability ob... |
1,108,101,565,428 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Advancements in modern deep learning have resulted in substantial progress in our ability to model, reconstruct, and forecast complex time-series data, most notably through recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) \cite{chen2019neuralODE,rubanova20... |
1,108,101,565,429 | arxiv | \section{Parton--parton scattering amplitudes}
The parton--parton elastic scattering amplitude, at high squared energies $s$
in the center of mass and small squared transferred momentum $t$ (that is
$s \to \infty$ and $|t| \ll s$, let us say $|t| \le 1~{\rm GeV}^2$),
can be described by the expectation value of two {... |
1,108,101,565,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The speed at which spiral galaxies rotate remains relatively constant
out to large radii \cite{RFT80,aB81}, which implies that they contain
large amounts of dark matter. The nature of this material remains
obscure, but one key diagnostic is provided by the shape of the ... |
1,108,101,565,431 | arxiv |
\section{The CMS Collaboration \label{app:collab}}\begin{sloppypar}\hyphenpenalty=5000\widowpenalty=500\clubpenalty=5000\input{EXO-10-010-authorlist.tex}\end{sloppypar}
\end{document}
|
1,108,101,565,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discrete symmetries play an important role in
model building of particle physics.
For example, abelian and non-abelian discrete flavor symmetries
are useful to derive realistic quark/lepton masses and their
mixing \cite{Altarelli:2007cd}.
Discrete non-abelian flavor symmetries can also be us... |
1,108,101,565,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:int}
Suppose we want to transmit or store a block of $l$ qubits (i.e. two-state
quantum systems) in a noisy environment. Here `noisy' means that each qubit
may become entangled with the environment. Thus due to spurious interactions
with the environment the actual state of the $l$ qubi... |
1,108,101,565,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fundamental nature of Einstein equations as well as beautiful
discovery of the existence of a large class of two-dimensional
completely integrable systems made very natural various
expectations and conjectures of the integrability of the Einstein
equations, at least for the space-times with a... |
1,108,101,565,435 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{lip} O.~Lipovan proved some retarded versions of the
inequalities of Ou-Iang \cite{ou} and Pachpatte \cite{Pach}. From
Lipovan's retarded inequalities, some criteria are obtained
ensuring the global existence of solutions to the generalized
Li{\'e}nard equation with time delay, and to a... |
1,108,101,565,436 | arxiv | \section{$G$-stable modules for abstract groups}
\label{s2}
In this chapter we study ${\mathbb A} G$-modules where $G$ is a group, ${\mathbb A}$
is an associative ring.
\subsection{Automorphisms of indecomposable modules}
\label{s2.1}
Let ${\mathbb B}$ be a finite dimensional algebra over a field ${\mathbb K}$
(of an... |
1,108,101,565,437 | arxiv | \section{Clock Postulate and Global Reference Frame}
One of the widely known incompatibilities between special relativity and general relativity is how each theory sees red-shift. In special relativity, the moving observers notice clocks rate change by a Lorentz factor $\gamma$. But stationary observers share the same... |
1,108,101,565,438 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many hard diffractive and high-energy processes are under intense study in the last two decades. One of the main subjects in high-energy physics is the improvement of our knowledge about quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Additionally, the Higgs mechanism is one of most important subjects to be inves... |
1,108,101,565,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
The number, reliability and coverage of evolutionary trees are growing rapidly \cite{Maddison07,TreeFam}. However, knowing organisms' evolutionary relationships through phylogenetics is only one step in understanding the evolution of their characteristics \cite{Yang12}. Three i... |
1,108,101,565,440 | arxiv | \section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}
The author wishes to acknowledge useful conversations
and correspondence with S.Jain, J.Morehead, and M.Srednicki.
|
1,108,101,565,441 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of synchronistion is based on the adjustment of rhythms of
oscillating systems due to their interaction \cite{pikovsky01}.
Synchronisation phenomenon was recognised by Huygens in the 17th century, time
when he performed experiments to understand this phenomenon \cite{bennett02}... |
1,108,101,565,442 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Semiclassical gravity describes the interaction of the
gravitational field as a classical field with quantum matter
fields. For a free quantum field this theory is robust in the
sense that it is consistent and fairly well understood
\cite{birrell82,wald94}. The gravitational field i... |
1,108,101,565,443 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A core-collapse supernova (SN) explosion marks the disruption of a massive star by an energetic shock wave followed by the
formation of a neutron star or a black hole. In the first hundreds of milliseconds (ms) of a supernova, temperatures in the range
of tens of MeV, densities beyond nuclear ma... |
1,108,101,565,444 | arxiv | \section{Supplementary Data}
Supplementary Material should be uploaded separately on submission. Please include any supplementary data, figures and/or tables. All supplementary files are deposited to FigShare for permanent storage and receive a DOI.
Supplementary material is not typeset so please ensure that all info... |
1,108,101,565,445 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Microtubules (MTs) are fascinating biological macromolecules that are
essential for intracellular trafficking, cell division and maintaining the
cell shape. They display unique elastic and dynamic behavior, inherited by
their complex self-assembling nanotube structure. Surprisingly, despite... |
1,108,101,565,446 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Today, algorithmic systems driven by large amounts of data
are increasingly being used in all aspects of life.
Often, such systems are being used to assist, or, even replace
human decision-making.
This increased dependence on algorithms has given rise to the field of algorithmic fairness, where... |
1,108,101,565,447 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{comment}
\textcolor{red}{I am doing this paper to show the construction of the eft using theoretical tools, and showing its connections to current used frameworks.}
\end{comment}
The recent detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from various coalescing binaries \cite{Ab... |
1,108,101,565,448 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Chemical reaction calculations have a wide range of applications in the materials developments, such as catalysts~\cite{Reiher2017-jt,Norskov2009-fr} and batteries~\cite{Rice2021-si}.
The chemical reaction speed is determined by the reaction rate constant $k$ which depends ... |
1,108,101,565,449 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Denmark is one of the most digitized countries in Europe~\cite{desi2019}.
After implementation of the 2011 Danish e-government strategy~\cite{danmark2011digital}, citizens interact with the government mostly through e-government systems, such as, self-service web-applications an... |
1,108,101,565,450 | arxiv |
\section*{Background}
Influenza, short for flu, is an acute respiratory infection caused by flu viruses. Flu circulates in all over the world. The worldwide infection places a substantial burden on people's health every year. According to World Health Organization(WHO)’s report, flu is estimated to result in about 3 ... |
1,108,101,565,451 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of the main results}
Let $M$ be any $\sigma$-finite von Neumann algebra and $\varphi \in M_*$ any faithful state. Following \cite{Co80, Ha85}, we define the \emph{bicentralizer} of $M$ with respect to $\varphi$ by
$$\mathord{\text{\rm B}}(M, \varphi) = \left\{ x \in M \mid x a_{n} - ... |
1,108,101,565,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that the pure state space $P({\mathcal A})$ of a quantum spin chain ${\mathcal A}$
(UHF-algebra, see subsection \ref{setting})
is homogeneous under the action of the asymptotically inner automorphisms \cite{powers}, \cite{brat}, \cite{fkk}.
In fact, the homogeneity is proven for ... |
1,108,101,565,453 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Web pages are constantly increasing in complexity and size. The HTTP Archive reports that the global average web page size has surpassed 1MB in April 2012 \cite{httparchive}. By the start of July 2013, visiting one of the top 1000 sites incurs, on average, 1246kB of web ... |
1,108,101,565,454 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:instroduction}
Social media users are constantly creating content that connects them to others, but are users aware of the emotional influence that social media has on their moods or lives? While consuming and sharing information online is advantageous to connecting people, it may pose... |
1,108,101,565,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Hydrodynamics is an effective description of out-of-equilibrium systems in which the mean free path of particles is much shorter than any macroscopic time or length scale of the system~\cite{Kovtun:2012rj}. The equations of motion are the conservation laws of the energy... |
1,108,101,565,456 | arxiv | \section{Schwinger Dyson Equations}
\label{DS}
In principle one can improve on the approximations for the fluctuation
field integral if the action $\E{\Action} $ is known.
In any case, more accurate methods are applicable
in the first step, since the starting action $S^0$
is known by assumption.
If $\E{\Action}... |
1,108,101,565,457 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{wrapfigure}[14]{o}{0.25\textwidth}
\vspace{-3em}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=1]{qt-example}
\end{center}
%
\caption{\label{qt-example}Quasi-thres. graph with thick skeleton, grey root and dashed transitive closure.}
\end{wrapfigure}
Quasi-Threshold graphs, also kn... |
1,108,101,565,458 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Section Introduction}
After the electronification of delta-one trading, where high-frequency trading companies provide the vast majority of the liquidity on several thousands of assets, systematic options trading seems to be the next main challenge in quantitative trading. For assets liste... |
1,108,101,565,459 | arxiv | \section{\large\textbf{Introduction}}\label{I}
\textit{Counting invariants}, also called \textit{coloring invariants} or
\textit{coloring-counting invariants}, are a type of integer-valued
invariant of knots or other knotted objects (links, braids, tangles, spatial
graphs, surface-links etc.). They are defined by atta... |
1,108,101,565,460 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
The study of large underdense voids in the large-scale matter distribution of the Universe has become increasingly important in recent years, with the creation of a number of public catalogues of voids in galaxy survey data \citep{Pan:2012,Sutter:2012wh,Nadathur:2014a} and ... |
1,108,101,565,461 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the central problems in constructing precision tests of
a quantum field theory such as quantum chromodynamics is the elimination of
theoretical ambiguities such as the dependence on the renormalization
scale $\mu$ in perturbative expansions in the coupling $\alpha_s(\mu)$.
However, any pr... |
1,108,101,565,462 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
As one of the brightest binary stars in the sky, Capella
($\alpha$\,Aurigae, HD\,34029, HR\,1708, HIP\,24608,
\ion{G8}{3}+\ion{G0}{3}, $P_{\rm orb} = 104$ days, $V = 0.07$) has
been studied for more than a century with a wide range of techniques
and at all observable wav... |
1,108,101,565,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Clusters serve as laboratories for investigating the dependence of
galaxy morphology on the density of the environment. \citet{dre80}
found that the fraction of early type galaxies increases with local
density of galaxies. He also found that around 80\% of galaxies in
nearby clusters are of the... |
1,108,101,565,464 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In response to large-scale integration of intermittent sources of energy \cite{lund2015review} in power systems,
system operators seek novel approaches to balancing the load and generation.
The aggregation of distributed energy resources (DERs) and regulation of their aggregate power output h... |
1,108,101,565,465 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High-energy electrons have a wide range of applications, ranging from fundamental research in particle physics to medical diagnostics and treatment. However, conventional acceleration methods require long acceleration lengths, which also acts to limit the maximum attainable energy to some tens o... |
1,108,101,565,466 | arxiv |
\section{Detailed setup}
The simplified scheme of the experimental setup shown in Fig.~2 in the main text does not show the implementation of the variable splitting-ratio beam-splitters, phase shifters, and the interferometer stabilization system. In Fig.~\ref{fig:detailed_setup} the detailed scheme of our setup can ... |
1,108,101,565,467 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Studying the statistical fluctuations of a system is a powerful
method to characterise the thermodynamic properties of a system.
As a matter of fact, the presence of a phase transition is signalled
by an enhancement of the fluctuations in the system.
The observables appropriate to extract this... |
1,108,101,565,468 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\mathbb{A}$ the ring of adeles of $\mathbb{Q}$.
An equidistribution theorem for a family of automorphic representations of $G(\mathbb{A})$ is one of
recent topics in number theory and automorphic representations.
After Sauvageot's i... |
1,108,101,565,469 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The high-quality cosmological observational data (e.g. supernovae type
Ia, CMB, galaxy clustering, etc), accumulated during the last two decades,
have enabled cosmologists to gain substantial confidence that modern
cosmology is capable of quantitatively reproducing the details of
many observ... |
1,108,101,565,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\baselineskip=12pt
Back in 1962 Schwinger considered the possibility that a vector
gauge field can
imply a nonzero mass gauge particle. He showed this is indeed
the case for
an exactly solvable model,
namely two-dimensional Quantum Electrodynamics (QED$_2$) with
a massless fermion field
\cite{Sc... |
1,108,101,565,471 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{SecIntro}
Regularization is an essential mechanism in Machine Learning that usually refers to the set of techniques that attempt to improve the estimates by biasing them away from their sample-based values towards values that are deemed to be more ``physically plausible''~\cite{Friedman1... |
1,108,101,565,472 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-into}
Cyclic codes are an important class of linear codes. Due to their desirable algebraic properties and efficient algorithms for encoding and decoding processes, cyclic codes have been widely used in many areas such as communication and data storage system. They can also be used to ... |
1,108,101,565,473 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An {\em $r$-graph} is an $r$-uniform hypergraph, namely a set of
sets called {\em edges}, all of size $r$. For a hypergraph $H$ we
denote by $\nu(H)$ the largest size of a matching (set of disjoint
edges) in $H$, and by $\tau(H)$ the minimal size of a cover (a set
of vertices meeting all edges). ... |
1,108,101,565,474 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Working symbolically with matrices requires \emph{non-commuting}
variables and thus non-com\-mu\-tative (nc) rational expressions.
Although the (algebraic) construction of \emph{free fields},
that is, universal fields of fractions of \emph{free associative algebras},
is available due to Paul M.... |
1,108,101,565,475 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
Although supersymmetry has so far eluded discovery at the LHC \cite{ATLAS20,CMS20}, it remains an important component for building models
beyond the Standard Model, particularly when going to grand unified scales and beyond. It is well known that supersymmetry can provide for the naturalness ... |
1,108,101,565,476 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{tate} machine replication~\cite{DBLP:journals/csur/Schneider90}
is a common technique for
implementing distributed, fault-tolerant services. Commonly,
replicated state machine (RSM) implementations are centred
around the use of a consensus protocol, as re... |
1,108,101,565,477 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The present paper is comprised of a geometric model-theorist's attempts to do noncommutative algebraic geometry. The latter endeavour takes as its starting point the possibility of extending the anti-equivalence of categories $\mathsf{CRing}$ and $\mathsf{AffSch}$ (which denote the categories of ... |
1,108,101,565,478 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework that allows an agent to complete tasks in an environment, even when a model of the environment is not known.
The agent `learns' to complete a task by maximizing its expected long-term reward, where the reward signal is supplied by the environment.
RL a... |
1,108,101,565,479 | arxiv | \section{Extension to Low Rank Phase Retrieval (LRPR)} \label{algo_thm_proof_lrpr}
In LRPR, recall that, we measure ${\y_{(mag)}}_k = |\bm{A}_k \x^*_k|$.
This problem commonly occurs in dynamic phaseless imaging applications such as Fourier ptychography.
Because of the magnitude-only measurements, we can recover each c... |
1,108,101,565,480 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}~
Coherence underlies quantum phenomena. Familiar from waves, coherence gives rise to interference effects that power quantum systems to be different from and more useful than everyday objects. Quantum coherence enables computation \cite{Shor1999}, measurement \cite{Dowling1998}, teleportation \ci... |
1,108,101,565,481 | arxiv | \section{Alanine dipeptide in vacuum}
The conformational transition between conformers $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of the alanine dipeptide molecule
has been extensively studied as an example of rare event~\cite{SM-2005-JCP-Ren-Weinan, SM-2013-PRL-Tiwary-Parrinello,
SM-2014-JCTC-Salvalaglio-Parrinello,SM-2017-JMM-Cuny-Mineva... |
1,108,101,565,482 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
{1ex \@plus .2ex}%
{\normalfont\large\sffamily\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
{-3ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
{0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\sffamily... |
1,108,101,565,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A number of ways of introducing inverses of graphs have been proposed, all based on inverting adjacency matrices. For a graph with a non-singular adjacency matrix a first thought might be to hope that the inverse matrix defines a graph again. It turns out, however, that this happens to be the ca... |
1,108,101,565,484 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Confinement is one of the peculiar features of Quantum Chromodynamics,
the theory of strong interactions. Thanks to 25 years of intensive
research in the field of lattice gauge theory, a few mechanisms for
confinement have been identified. These mechanisms are associate... |
1,108,101,565,485 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Casimir effect which results in a force acting between two
parallel electrically neutral material plates separated with a gap
of width $a$ finds many prospective applications ranging from
fundamental physics to nanotechnology.\cite{1}
For real dissimilar material plates described by the diel... |
1,108,101,565,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are motivated by the
solutions of the most important problems: the hierarchy problem,
gauge coupling unification and dark matter problem \cite{1.}.
Experimental searches
for SUSY in the most probable channels for the superparticle
production at the LHC d... |
1,108,101,565,487 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\noindent In optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), measurements of external magnetic fields rely on detection of energy-level shifts/spin precession arising from Zeeman interaction \cite{budker2013optical}. However, if nonmagnetic interactions similarly affects the energy levels, OPMs can a... |
1,108,101,565,488 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entangled Quantum Key Distribution \cite{Ekert} is a protocol to allow two remote parties to generate a shared secret. The key, or random bit string, is shared between the two parties, Alice and Bob, without a third party, Eve, gaining any information about the key. EQKD consists of three parts a... |
1,108,101,565,489 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par
Speech enhancement aims to isolate a desired speech signal from the additive background noise, and increase the quality or intelligibility of the processed speech \cite{benesty2005}.
In the past decade, due to important theoretical advances, faster and cheaper computational resources, and th... |
1,108,101,565,490 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We are concerned with the well-posedness of linear elliptic systems of
the form
\begin{align}
\label{eq:ellsys_strong}
-{\rm div}\, \mathbb{C} : \partial u =~& f, \\
\label{eq:farfield_bc_formal}
u(x) \sim~& 0, \quad \text{as } |x| \to \infty,
\end{align}
where $\mathbb{... |
1,108,101,565,491 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this note we develop a new approach to certain results of Cheeger, Colding and Tian involving the curvature of Riemannian manifolds close, in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense, to a singular limit. In one aspect our results go a little beyond those in the literature but the main interest, for us, ... |
1,108,101,565,492 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:intro}
Graph-theoretic trees are abundant in mathematics and its applications, from computer science to theoretical
biology. A natural question is how to define limits and limit objects as the size of the trees tends to
infinity. On the one hand, there are \emph{local} approaches yieldi... |
1,108,101,565,493 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The propagation of optical waves in random media, including atmospheric turbulence, is governed by the stochastic Hemholtz equation. Applying weak perturbation theory, it is possible to achieve closed form expressions for most field statistics as outlined by Tatarskii\cite{tatarski1967wave}. Simi... |
1,108,101,565,494 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of factoring a univariate polynomial $P(x)$ over a finite
field $F$ often arises in computational
algebra~\cite{Cantor92,Gathen02,Gathen92}.
An important case is
when $F$ has small characteristic and $P(x)$ has high degree but is
{\em sparse}, that is $P(x)$ has only a small numbe... |
1,108,101,565,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{peech-driven}
human-machine interaction has progressed up to real-world scenarios today, with applications to smart speakers, intelligent conference room and virtual assistant, etc. Speech separation has become a major concern as the front-end for robust speech interaction.
Leve... |
1,108,101,565,496 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is considerable evidence from astrophysical observations that there is more mass in the universe than can be accounted for with only standard model particles \cite{Clowe:2006eq,planck,structure}.
The most popular theory that explains this discrepancy introduces dark matter particles called ... |
1,108,101,565,497 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres has improved dramatically over the last two decades. A wide range of spectroscopic observations have been used extensively to constrain atmospheric chemical compositions, temperature structures, clouds, hazes and other atmospheric prop... |
1,108,101,565,498 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ultimate fate of the star (when it undergoes catastrophic phase
of collapse) is one of the most important questions in gravitation
theory today. When a star has exhausted all of its nuclear fuel, it
collapses under the influence of its own gravity and releases large
amount of energy. In fact... |
1,108,101,565,499 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper we demonstrated how to create a highly competitive video deblurring model by revisiting details of an otherwise fairly standard CNN baseline architecture.
We show that despite a lot of effort being put into finding a good video deblurring architecture by the c... |
1,108,101,565,500 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At a distance of 16.7~Mp
, M87 is the dominant galaxy of the Virgo Cluster. It is one of the
nearest radio galaxies and was the first extragalactic X-ray source to
be identified. Because of its proximity, many interesting
astrophysical phenomena can be studied in more detail in M87 than in
other... |
1,108,101,565,501 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0} Quantum systems with defects or boundaries
often show interesting physical behaviors. For example, impurities
in various materials have been one of the major subjects of research
in condensed matter physics. In such systems, we expect that the
whole system (both the bulk ... |
1,108,101,565,502 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Similarly to light, gravitational waves can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects, e.g., galaxies and galaxy clusters~\citep{Ohanian:1974ys,Thorne:1982cv,Deguchi:1986zz,Wang:1996as,Nakamura:1997sw,Takahashi:2003ix}.
Lensing changes the gravitational-wave amplitude without ch... |
1,108,101,565,503 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
\textcolor{black}{While the existence of quasicrystals \cite{Shechtman1984,Levine1984}
in nature is no longer debatable, it remains an open question if
materials can have a quasicrystalline ground state, and what the finite-temperature properties of this phase are \cite{DeBoissieu2012}. In add... |
1,108,101,565,504 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) in $\mathbb R \times \mathbb R^d$,
\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:nls}
i \psi_t + \Delta \psi + g (|\psi|^2) \psi = 0, \quad \psi (0,\mathbf{x}) = \psi_0 (\mathbf{x}),
\end{equation}
appears in many different contexts. In applica... |
1,108,101,565,505 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Many important environmental and biological phenomena that occur in our daily lives involve fluids partly flowing freely and partly filtrating through a porous medium. Such processes are of interest in physiology when studying cancer growth and filtration of blood through arter... |
1,108,101,565,506 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Positron annihilation is one of the key tools in modern investigations
of the Fermi surface (FS) of solids \cite{west1995}, alongside quantum
oscillatory techniques, Compton scattering and angle-resolved photoemission.
Unlike other methods, however, the positron probe itself plays a crucial
role ... |
1,108,101,565,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Triangular matrix factorization is a main building block in computational linear
algebra.
Driven by a large range of applications in computational sciences, parallel
numerical dense LU factorization has been intensively studied since
several decades which results in software of great matur... |
1,108,101,565,508 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Motivated by the problem in which two or more objectives must be considered at the same time, even though they may conflict with each other, in this work we are interested the design of stochastic algorithms for multi-objective optimization. This type of problem is commonly found in everyday life... |
1,108,101,565,509 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A {\em discrete statistical model} \ is a subset
$\mathcal{M}$ of the open probability simplex $\Delta_{n}$. Each point $p$ in $\Delta_n$
is a probability distribution on the finite state space $\{0,1,\ldots,n\}$,~i.e.~$p = (p_0,p_1,
\ldots,p_n),$ where the $p_i$ are positive real numbers tha... |
1,108,101,565,510 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Optical properties of low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures originate from excitons (Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs) and exciton complexes such as biexcitons (coupled states of two excitons) and trions (charged excitons). These have pronounced binding energies in nanostru... |
1,108,101,565,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $d\ge2$ and $\phi_s(r)=\sqrt{s^2+r^2}$ for $r\ge0$ and $s>0$. We write $D$ for the operator $\sqrt{-\Delta_x}$, that is
\[
\widehat{Df}(\xi)=|\xi|\widehat{f}(\xi)
\]
where $\widehat{\cdot}$ denotes the (spatial) Fourier transform defined by
\[
\widehat{f}(\xi)=\int_{\mathbb R^d}e^{-ix\cdot\x... |
1,108,101,565,512 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A comprehensive description for various phenomenon in different high-energy experiments \cite{Tawfik:2014eba,Tawfik:2010aq} can be given by extensive [such as Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG)] and nonextensive (such as Tsallis) statistics. In both statistical approaches, the thermodynamic ... |
1,108,101,565,513 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) is a candidate for background independent and non-perturbative theory of quantum gravity \cite{book,review,review1,rovelli2014covariant}. Among successful sub-areas in LQG, applying LQG to cosmology is a fruitful direction in which LQG gives physical predictions and p... |
1,108,101,565,514 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Uncertainty\cite{uncertainty,kennard1927,robertson1929,Busch2007} and entanglement\cite{schrodinger-35,text,horodecki09} are two major cornerstones of quantum mechanics. These characteristics cause quantum mechanics to differ from classical mechanics. Quantum uncertainty provides a limit on the ... |
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