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2,869,038,154,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many galactic disks in the nearby Universe appear to be non-axisymmetric \citep{Jog2009}. The
feature was first systematically studied in \citet{Baldwin1980}, which considered lopsided galaxies as a
subclass of spirals. They examined about 20 best known galaxies with asymmetries and proposed tha... |
2,869,038,154,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The announcement of the five-sigma discovery of the Higgs boson at the
LHC on July 4th 2012 officially launched a new program of precision
tests of the standard model (SM) in Higgs physics. By precisely
measuring the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson we aim t... |
2,869,038,154,530 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction and motivation}\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} increasing demand for ubiquitous, reliable, fast, and scalable wireless services is pushing today's radio technology toward its ultimate limits.
In this context, it is natural to continue searching for more bandwidth, which in turn pu... |
2,869,038,154,531 | arxiv | \subsection*{Introduction}
This paper presents a proof of the following theorem:
\bte
\label{main}
\footnote
{\rm\ It follows from an e-mail discussion between G.~Hjorth
and the author in May -- July 1995 that G.~Hjorth may have proved
equal or similar theorem independently.}
\ Let\/ $\mathbin{\relf{E}}$ be a\/ $\... |
2,869,038,154,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Single-image super-resolution (SR) algorithms aim to construct a high-quality
high-resolution (HR) image from a single low-resolution (LR) input.
Numerous single-image SR
algorithms have been recently proposed for generic images
that exploit priors based on
edges~\cite{DBLP:conf/cvpr/SunXS08}, g... |
2,869,038,154,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The quantum phase transitions of two (spatial) dimensional systems
have been the focus of much study in the condensed matter community.
Prominent examples include the superfluid-insulator transition in
thin films \cite{gruner,kapi,shahar}, the transitions between
various quantu... |
2,869,038,154,534 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Skyrme model \cite{skyrme} is an effective low-energy action for QCD
\cite{witten},
where the primary ingredients are meson fields, whereas baryons appear
as solitonic excitations, and the baryon
number is identified with the topological charge.
\\
The original Skyrme Lagrangian has the foll... |
2,869,038,154,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many of the ideas presented in this paper have also appeared
previously in \cite{us}. The intent of this article is to assemble
what we view as the important points in a short and coherent
summary, and to add some results concerning a relation between
Lee-Yang zeroes and Stokes phenomena.
Quantu... |
2,869,038,154,536 | arxiv | \section{Abundances in Dwarf Galaxies and the Halo}
The idea that the stellar halo of the Milky Way (MW) formed {\it
predominantly} through the infall of smaller star systems ---
presumably dwarf galaxies --- has a long history (Searle \& Zinn
1978), strong observational evidence (e.g., Majewski 1993,
Majewski, Munn \... |
2,869,038,154,537 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
The spectrum of mutations in a collection of cancer genomes can be described by a mixture of a few mutational signatures. The mutational signatures can be found using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). To extract the mutational signatures we have to assume a distribution for the observed muta... |
2,869,038,154,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the free Hamiltonian as a self-adjoint operator acting on $L^2({\bf R}^n)$:
\begin{align*}
H_0 = p^2 - \sigma |x|^{\alpha},
\end{align*}
where $x= (x_1, x_2,...,x_n) \in {\bf R}^n$, $p = -i \nabla $, $p^2 = p \cdot p = - \Delta $, $\sigma > 0$ and $0 < \alpha < 2$.
The external poten... |
2,869,038,154,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sc:setting of the problem}
In this paper we consider the following non-linear parabolic equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq: PDE non lin iniziale}
\left\{\begin{array}{lcr}
\frac{\partial u(t,x)}{\partial t}= \Delta u (t,x) + F( \nabla u(t,x)) b (t, x),&\quad& x\in \mathbb R^d ,t \... |
2,869,038,154,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optical solitons are localized pulses that do not change shape as they propagate in nonlinear media \cite{Agr92,Tay92,Kiv03}. Dispersion and nonlinearity conspire to cancel the spatial dependence in the dynamics, which is usually described by nonlinear differential equations \cite{Lam80,Nov84}, ... |
2,869,038,154,541 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The first observation of \glspl{gw} by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations~\cite{Abbott:2017xlt} marked the beginning of \gls{gw} astronomy. It was quickly followed by many more detections~\cite{LIGOScientific:2018mvr}. However, inherent sources of noise in ground-based ... |
2,869,038,154,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photoemission \textcolor{black}{spectroscopy} is an essential \textcolor{black}{experimental} tool to characterize the electronic structure of a system. In particular it can be used to trace phase transitions, which are especially important in strongly correlated systems. Indeed, one of the most
... |
2,869,038,154,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{W}{ith} the rapid development of sensing, computing, and communication technologies, the internet of things (IoT) is a popular solution to solve the problems in industry, agriculture, energy, transportation, etc. However, privacy issues in IoT are often a significant concern have be... |
2,869,038,154,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{Q}{uadrature} squeezed states are quantum resources in continuous-variable quantum information processing with quadrature amplitudes of light \cite{Squeeze:Walls,CVQI:PvL,EntanglementFromSq}. Especially, squeezed vacua are used as ancillary inputs for quantum operations such as quan... |
2,869,038,154,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Even though in the general theory of relativity (GR) the geometry of spacetime is modelled by a \mbox{(pseudo-)Riemannian} metric of Lorentzian signature,
there is no clear physical principle, nor experimental evidence, that tells us that this spacetime geometry should necessarily be \mbox{(pse... |
2,869,038,154,546 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
A \emph{sparse model} is one in which signals of a given type $\vec{\data}
\in \reals^{\ndims}$ can be represented accurately as sparse linear combinations
of the columns (atoms) of a learned dictionary $\mat{\dict} \in \reals^{\ndims{\times}\natoms}$,
$\vec{\data} = \ma... |
2,869,038,154,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Shapley's Constellation~III in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is one
of the most enigmatic structures in the local universe: a coherent
semicircular arc spanning several hundred parsecs, composed of
thousands of bright young stars and tens of star clusters. Its
regularity across such a large... |
2,869,038,154,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Complexity of quantum evolution is of wide theoretical and practical interest. It can be captured in different ways, one common idea is to quantify what is colloquially called scrambling of quantum information~\cite{Hayden07,Susskind08}. Details of what scrambling means depend on a parti... |
2,869,038,154,549 | arxiv |
\section{Experimental setups}
\renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\arabic{figure}}
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\noindent\textbf {Experimental setup to characterize resonance tuning}:
The experimental setup to characterize the resonance frequency tuning versus voltage applied on the AlN actuator is shown in Fig. \ref... |
2,869,038,154,550 | arxiv |
\subsection{Experimental estimation of activation volume of C14 CaMg$_2$}
The available data on specifically basal slip in the C14 CaMg$_2$ Laves phase studied here allows at least an approximate comparison of the activation volumes \cite{freund2021plastic}. Using the scarce, slip system-specific data with a linear fi... |
2,869,038,154,551 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec0}
The only known way to obtain direct experimental information on the
space-time structure of the particle emitting source created in a
relativistic nuclear collision is through two-particle intensity
(Hanbury-Brown--Twiss (HBT)) interferometry \cite{BGJ90}. The
goal of this method ... |
2,869,038,154,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Hartogs triangle $$ \mathbb{H} = \{(z_1, z_2)\in \mathbb{C}^2: |z_1|< |z_2| < 1\} $$
is a pseudoconvex domain with non-Lipschitz boundary. It serves as a model counterexample for many questions in several complex variables. For instance, it does not admit a Stein neighborhood basis o... |
2,869,038,154,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Computing optimal transport (OT) distances between pairs of probability measures or histograms, such as the earth mover's distance~\citep{werman1985,Rubner2000} and Monge-Kantorovich or Wasserstein distance~\citep{villani09optimal}, are currently generating an increasing... |
2,869,038,154,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The following is well known
\begin{theorem}{\rm (The Jordan theorem)}\label{theo1.1}
Let $f:[0,1] \to \bR^2$ be a simple closed curve in the plane ($f$ is continous, $f(0) = f(1)$ and $f(u) \not= f(v)$ for $0 < u < v \le 1$).
Define $P=_{\rm def}$ {\rm image}$f= \{f(u) : 0 \le u \le 1\}$,... |
2,869,038,154,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Currently most laboratory experiments are described up to a very good
precision by the Standard Model of particle interactions. However,
recent developments show that effects beyond the Standard Model surely
exist. The anomaly in atmospheric neutrinos is now understood by
$\nu_\mu \rightarrow ... |
2,869,038,154,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a rather subjective matter to decide whether a given statement in \textbf{ZFC} belongs to the field of Elementary Number Theory or not. A typical example is Goodstein's Theorem, which, even if it concerns positive integers, it has been traditionally classified as belonging to the field of ... |
2,869,038,154,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Theoretical prediction of two inertial ranges, consequence of
both energy and enstrophy
concervation laws by the two- dimensional Euler equations, was and still
is
one of the most remarkable achievements of statistical hydrodynamics
[1]. A direct
and most important outcome of these conserv... |
2,869,038,154,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cyber-physical systems consist of discrete (usually digital, often implemented in software) controllers interacting with a continuous physical environment.
Control is often networked, sometimes wirelessly.
Many cyber-physical systems are safety- or performance-critical, or economically vital.
We... |
2,869,038,154,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Fairness, non-discrimination, and unwanted bias have always been concerns in human decision making \cite{VarshneyV2017}, but are increasingly in the limelight because historical human decisions are now being used as training data for machine learning models in high stakes appli... |
2,869,038,154,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Event analysis from news and social networks is very useful for a wide range of social studies and real-world applications \cite{chen2020event}, such as the impact of epidemics, wars and urban violence, finance, elections, and sentiment analysis. Although machine learning methods have been recen... |
2,869,038,154,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Voronoi Diagram (VD) is one of the essential structures for computational geometry, along with the convex hull and the Delaunay triangulation which is its dual. The VD provides proximity information of the input seeds (points), something that is required by several scientific and technologica... |
2,869,038,154,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bohr's quantum jump is accompanied by the absorption or emission of a photon in case of a radiative resonant energy transfer. In a quantum system there are continuous transitions, making it difficult to monitor or control them. To monitor individual transitions, Dehmelt \cite{dehmelt,deh} propos... |
2,869,038,154,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace*{-0.05in}
The Low Latency Fault Tolerance (LLFT) system provides fault tolerance
for distributed applications, using the leader-follower replication
technique. LLFT provides application-transparent replication, with
strong replica consistency, for applications that involve multiple
... |
2,869,038,154,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
In 1966, Schmidt \cite{Schmidt1} introduced a two-player game referred to thereafter as
Schmidt's game. Schmidt invented the game primarily as a tool for
studying certain sets which arise in
number theory and Diophantine approximation theory. Schmidt's game, and other si... |
2,869,038,154,565 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank S.~Singh and J.~Ritt for supplying the mouse gastrointestinal samples. We thank K.~Calabro for helping develop the Monte Carlo simulation code. We thank all the members of the Biomicroscopy Lab for their helpful conversations and careful review of this manuscript. This work was suppo... |
2,869,038,154,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the coming years the production and decay of Higgs bosons will play a
central role in many analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A
crucial ingredient is often provided by the matching coefficients which govern
the coupling of Higgs bosons to gluons. The corresponding effecti... |
2,869,038,154,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The very short lifetime of the $\tau$ lepton ($2.9 \times 10^{-13}$s) makes it very difficult to measure its electric and magnetic dipole moments. While the Standard Model (SM) prediction of the $\tau$ anomalous magnetic moment $a_{\tau}=(g-2)_{\tau}/2$ is known with a tiny unc... |
2,869,038,154,568 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
2,869,038,154,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
With the advent of complex silicon detectors such as monolithic sensors or hybrid detectors with 3D sensors, detailed end-to-end Monte Carlo simulations of such devices have become an indispensable tool for detector R\&D.
They are used to optimize the detector design prior to p... |
2,869,038,154,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Parsing expression grammars are a recognition-based system for parsing of formal languages. They were defined by Ford \cite{ford2004parsing}, who showed equivalence with earlier parsing systems by Birman and Ullman \cite{birman1970parsing,birman1970tmg} that are able to recognise the class of \... |
2,869,038,154,571 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions}
In this paper, we present almost optimal distributed algorithms for coverage problems.
Our algorithms beat the previous ones in several fronts: e.g.,
(i) they provably acheive the optimal approximation factors for these problems,
(ii) they run in only four rounds of computation (as opposed to ... |
2,869,038,154,572 | arxiv |
\section{How to Correct/review this document}
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Space telescopes and technological innovations}
The ambitious science quests conceived during the past decade (e.g. cosmic origins, exploration of exoplanets) come together with demanding technological challenges. The spac... |
2,869,038,154,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Define the automorphism group of a vector field on a smooth manifold to be
the group of diffeomorphisms of the manifold preserving the vector field.
A natural question is how small the automorphism group of a vector field
can be. Suppose that we only consider vector fields which are invariant... |
2,869,038,154,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
State determination through measurements, also called \emph{Tomography}, is very important in Quantum Mechanics. It is also important in
Classical mechanics, but it is considerably more nuanced and involved in quantum theory. We recall here a very deep characterisation of
states in general given... |
2,869,038,154,575 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Recent work in machine learning and computer vision have demonstrated advantages of integrating human attention with artificial neural network models, as studies show that many machine vision tasks, i.e., image segmentation, image captioning, object recognition, etc., can... |
2,869,038,154,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Baker and Norine defined linear equivalence and ranks of divisors on graphs and showed that they have many properties similar to those of linear equivalence and dimensions of complete linear series on algebraic curves. In particular, they satisfy analogues of the Riemann-Roch and Abel-Jacobi Th... |
2,869,038,154,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A system that is driven out of equilibrium by a quantum quench will display many interesting, non-equilibrium phenomena (for a review, see Ref.~\onlinecite{Mitra2018}). However, it is generally believed that after some transient period, a generic, infinite (or in practice large) system equilibra... |
2,869,038,154,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec01}
The response to
external electric and magnetic fields provides a fundamental tool for studying and altering
the properties of materials with numerous attendant applications. In particular higher-order
responses allow for `manipulating light with light.' Thus, there is considerable... |
2,869,038,154,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: file preparation and submission}
The \verb"iopart" \LaTeXe\ article class file is provided to help authors prepare articles for submission to IOP Publishing journals.
This document gives advice on preparing your submission, and specific instructions on how to use \verb"iopart.cls" to follow t... |
2,869,038,154,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Navigation comes easy to humans. We are able to maneuver through novel parts of our environments, self-locate by integrating over convoluted trajectories, and even come up with shortcuts that traverse areas of the environment we have never visited before. Two principles seem to drive these abil... |
2,869,038,154,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In two previous papers~\cite{cmr,cmr1}, we considered the long term nonlinear
evolution of a Keplerian binary system that is perturbed by a normally incident
periodic gravitational wave, and in a recent work~\cite{cmr2} we considered the
additional effect of radiation damping,
which is of inter... |
2,869,038,154,582 | arxiv | \section{\fontsize{14}{16pt}\fontseries{bx}\fontshape{n}\selectfont #1}}
\newcommand{\subsEction}[1]
{\subsection{\fontsize{12}{14pt}\selectfont #1}}
\newcommand{\okrug}
{\unitlength=1mm
\makebox[10mm][l]{
\raisebox{-3mm}[4mm][3mm]{
\put(4,4){\circle{6}}
\put(1,4){\circle*{1.50}}
}}}
\newcommand{\lintwopt}[2]
{\unitl... |
2,869,038,154,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Recently, quaternion-valued signal processing has been introduced to solve problems related to three or four-dimensional
signals, such as vector-sensor array signal processing~\cite{BihanN2004,liu14e,liu14k}, and wind profile
prediction~\cite{took09a,liu13j}. In many... |
2,869,038,154,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optimal Mass Transport (OMT) is a well-studied problem with a variety of applications in a diverse set of fields, ranging from physics to computer vision and in particular statistics and data science.
Fueled by the appearance of OMT in transformation-based density estimation and random sampling a... |
2,869,038,154,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reinforcement learning (RL) is promising in solving sequential decision making problems such as robotic navigation with obstacle avoidance as it seeks long-term optimal policies \cite{RL1998Sutton, Q-learningML1992}. Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which combines deep neutr... |
2,869,038,154,586 | arxiv | \section*{To-do list and general comments}
\section{Introduction}
Stochastic Reaction Networks (SRNs) are a class of continuous-time Markov
chains, $X{\equiv}\{X(t)\}_{t\in[0,T]}$, that take values in $\mbox{$\zset_+^d$}$, \emph{i.e.}, the
lattice of $d$-tuples of non-negative integers. SRNs are mathematical models... |
2,869,038,154,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{int}
In the canonical quantization approach to quantum field theory (QFT), states of the quantum field containing particles are built up from the vacuum state using particle creation operators.
The definition of particle states therefore relies on the definition of a vacuum state (a s... |
2,869,038,154,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concentration--compactness method is nowadays a basic tool in applied mathematics for the analysis of variational problems with lack of compactness or more specifically for proving existence of solutions of non-linear partial differential equations which are invariant under a group of transf... |
2,869,038,154,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The mysteries of LLL}
The LLL algorithm (\cite{LLL82}) is one of the most celebrated algorithmic inventions of the twentieth century, with countless applications to pure and computational number theory, computational science, and cryptography. It is also the most fundamental of lat... |
2,869,038,154,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
Phase I dose-finding clinical trials in oncology seek to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to obtain reliable information regarding the safety profile of a drug or a combination of drugs, pharmacokinetics, and the mechanism of action \cite{chevret_2006}\cite{crowley_2005}. In... |
2,869,038,154,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In optical metrology of nanostructures rigorous (i.e., accurate) simulation of light propagation is an essential
component~\cite{Pang2012aot,Lai2012aot}.
A challenge consists in reducing computation times for simulation results matching predefined accuracy requirements.
This is especially impo... |
2,869,038,154,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Particle physics data are famously collated and summarised in the
Particle Data Book \cite{Beringer:1900zz}. However, it is interesting
to note that there are no entries on the deconfined phase of QCD -- a
symptom of the difficulty of studying (experimentally and
theoretically) this new phase. Th... |
2,869,038,154,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Literature Review}
The dynamics of incompressible fluid flows are described by a set of nonlinear PDEs known as the Navier-Stokes equations. The properties of such flows are then characterized in terms of a dimensionless parameter $Re$, the Reynolds number. Experiments show that many... |
2,869,038,154,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kitaev's famous proposal~\cite{kitaev.01} for the realization of Majorana quasiparticles opened a period of intense study into these topological bound states~\cite{aguado.17,lutchyn.bakkers.18,pawlak.hoffman.19}.
Currently, realizations of Majorana bound states are expected in a few low-dimensi... |
2,869,038,154,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The paper is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior in time
of solutions to the Cauchy problem of the following two systems of
cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equations in one space dimension:
The first one is
\begin{equation}\label{E:sysnew1}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
&i\partial_t u... |
2,869,038,154,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
According to Moore’s law \cite{ref31}, traditional computer architectures will reach their physical limits in the near future. Quantum computers \cite{ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7,ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref... |
2,869,038,154,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lyman limit systems are a special class of Ly$\alpha$ absorbers which span a range of
column densities: $\NHI = 1.6\times10^{17}\pcms - 2\times10^{20}\pcms$. The lower limit
is defined by the column density which gives an optical depth of unity at the Lyman limit
and the upper limit is defi... |
2,869,038,154,598 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The seminal works of Dirac \cite{Dirac} on constraint Hamiltonian systems
have been developed in several important research lines. One of these
developments is due to Fradkin, Fradkina, Batalin and Tyutin
(BFFT) \cite{BFFT}, where Hamiltonian systems submitted to second class constraints are con... |
2,869,038,154,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A dynamical system with time delays reacts not
only to its current state, but also to what occurred
in the past. It is well known in this context that
time-delayed dynamical systems are prone to instabilities
whenever the delay times become comparable to the time
scales needed to react to curr... |
2,869,038,154,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, great scientific interest has been taken in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their fascinating optical properties \cite{Mak_MoS2monofirst_PhysRevLett_2010}. TMDs materials like MoS$_2$, WS$_2$, MoSe$_2$ and WSe$_2$, being semiconductors with a bandgap in the visible waveleng... |
2,869,038,154,601 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
One of the most intriguing predictions of Quantum electrodynamics
is the existence of irreducible vacuum fluctuations of the
electromagnetic (e.m.) field. It was Casimir's fundamental
discovery \cite{casimir} to realize that this purely quantum
phenomenon was not confined to the atomic s... |
2,869,038,154,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease is a progressive, ultimately fatal disease causing progressive loss of motor function~\cite{Oliver2017}. ALS progression is heterogeneous in terms of the pattern of spread across body parts and the rate of ... |
2,869,038,154,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model (SM) arises solely from
the presence of a fundamental scalar, the scale of the electroweak interactions
requires a severe fine-tuning. The economy of the Higgs mechanism thus comes
at the cost of making the SM unnatural. Technicolor models... |
2,869,038,154,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section1}
Let $f$ be a locally integrable function on $\mathbb R^n$. The Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator of $f$ is defined by
\begin{align}
M(f)(x)=\sup\limits_{Q}\frac{1}{|Q|}\int_Q|f(y)|dy,\;\;x\in \mathbb R^n,
\end{align}
where the supremum is taken over all cubes containing $x$. It is... |
2,869,038,154,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The role of strangeness in low and medium energy nuclear physics is currently
of considerable interest, as it has the potential to deepen our
understanding of the relevant strong interaction mechanisms in
the non-perturbative regime of QCD.
For example, the system of a strange baryon (hyperon $Y... |
2,869,038,154,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In his seminal 1987 paper \cite{Polyakov:1987zb}, Polyakov provides a solution to the
two-dimensional induced gravity theory \cite{Polyakov:1981rd},
\begin{equation}
\label{polyeq1}
S = \frac{c}{96 \pi} \int d^2x \sqrt{-g} \, R \frac{1}{\nabla^2} R,
\end{equation}
by working in a light-cone gaug... |
2,869,038,154,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Artificial intelligence is a wide research field that simulates human intelligence using certain machines that are programmed to perform human-like skills. Presently, the study of artificial intelligence encompasses several branches, such as machine learning (ML), reinforcement learning and deep... |
2,869,038,154,608 | arxiv | \section{The problem: regular magnetic field resists strong shocks}
Magnetic fields in the interstellar medium of the Milky Way and other disc galaxies are, to a first approximation, frozen-in to the interstellar gas: put another way, the magnetic Reynolds number of the medium is sufficiently high
that advection domina... |
2,869,038,154,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}
Theoretical model atmospheres are needed in order to interpret stellar
fluxes and derive individual characteristics of stars, like stellar
parameters and chemical abundances. In recent decades, successive
improvements of the often used one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic atm... |
2,869,038,154,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-Gaussian and in general non-classical states of light enjoy an increasing
interest in the quantum information community. They are indispensable building
blocks for entanglement generation, distillation and broadcasting, for quantum
information relays and networks in the realm of quantum in... |
2,869,038,154,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Consider an $N$-node multi-hop network, where each node $i$ observes a convex function $f_i$, and all the $N$ nodes wish to determine an optimal consensus $x^*$, which minimizes the sum of the $f_i$'s:
\begin{align}
x^*\in\operatornamewithlimits{arg\,min}_x\sum_{i=1}^Nf_i(x)... |
2,869,038,154,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most studied problems in extremal combinatorics is the so-called Tur\'an problem originated in the work of Tur\'an \cite{T1941} (for a recent survey see \cite{FS2013}). A basic problem of this sort asks for the maximum possible number of edges $ex(F,G)$ in a subgraph $G'$ of a given gr... |
2,869,038,154,613 | arxiv | \section{Generalized extraction of the sum over certain range from a higher-order tensor of cumulative sums}
\label{app:cumsum-extraction}
\vspace{1cm}
\begin{theorem}
\label{theorem:multi-cumsum}
Let $\mathfrak{X}, C \in \mathbb{R}^{N_1 \times N_2 \times \cdots \times N_M}$ with $\mathfrak{X}$ being an ... |
2,869,038,154,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For many decades, factor analysis has been a popular method to
model the covariance matrix $\Vary$ of correlated, multivariate observations $\ym_t$ of dimension $\dimy$,
see e.g. \citet{and:int} for a comprehensive review.
Assuming $\nfactrue$ uncorrelated factors,
a factor model yields the... |
2,869,038,154,615 | arxiv | \subsection*{Abstract}
Privacy-preserving releasing of complex data (e.g., image, text, audio) represents a long-standing challenge for the data mining research community. Due to rich semantics of the data and lack of {\em a priori} knowledge about the analysis task, excessive sanitization is often necessary to ensure ... |
2,869,038,154,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern methods for stretching single molecules provide a valuable insight about the response of polymers to external forces. The interest on single molecules loading encouraged new research and technological developments on related mechanical experiments. Typically, mechanical methods allow the m... |
2,869,038,154,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computer vision research has made great progress in the past few years, driven by the development of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet, szegedy2015going, he2016deep, huang2017densely, xie2017aggregated, jf2021grcnn, wang2017gated, Chen_2020_CVPR, hu2018squeez... |
2,869,038,154,618 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro}Introduction}
The problem of a dipole emitter placed close to a reflective surface has received much interest over the last few decades: seminal work \cite{DREXHAGE} by Drexhage in 1970 first demonstrated that a reflective interface modifies the intrinsic properties of the emitter, influencing b... |
2,869,038,154,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$ decay) is a
second order nuclear weak decay process with the emission of two electrons
only~\cite{Vog92,fae98,AEE07}: $(A,Z)\rightarrow
(A,Z+2)+2e^-$. This process violates the total lepton number conservation and is
therefore forbidden in the stan... |
2,869,038,154,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The equation \begin{equation}\label{LebNag} x^2 + D = y^n \end{equation} is known as the \emph{Lebesgue--Nagell equation}. Here, $x$ and $y$ are coprime integers, $n \geq 3$ and $D$ is an integer whose prime divisors belong to a fixed finite set. The Lebesgue--Nagell equation has a rich history ... |
2,869,038,154,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The production of lepton pairs in hadron-hadron collisions via the Drell--Yan (DY) process
is described in the standard model (SM) by the $s$-channel exchange of $\gamma^*/\text{Z}$.
Theoretical calculations of the differential cross section $d\sigma/dM(\ell\ell)$, wh... |
2,869,038,154,622 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Online shopping has become popular in our daily lives. Hundreds of millions of users visit e-commerce platforms (such as Amazon, eBay, Taobao and JD) every day. The product search service, which displays relevant products based on user queries, is of great importance for user experience and tran... |
2,869,038,154,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is commonly accepted that the parent compounds of the
superconducting high-$T_c$ cuprates are antiferromagnetic
charge-transfer insulators and that superconductivity emerges upon
doping either with holes or electrons.\cite{Imada, ARM} There are
some similarities but also differences between h... |
2,869,038,154,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sectionintroduction}
The discovery and exploration of the mechanism of mass generation and
electroweak symmetry breaking is one of the most important tasks of future
collider experiments. Within the Standard Model of elementary particle
physics (SM) electroweak symmetry breaking is realiz... |
2,869,038,154,625 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\noindent {\it Microscopics of the model.---} ${\cal N} = 2^{*}$ gauge theory is obtained as a deformation of the maximally supersymmetric $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory. The field content of ${\cal N}=4$ SYM theory includes the
gauge field $A_\mu$, four Majorana fermions $\psi_a$, and three complex
sca... |
2,869,038,154,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Black hole quasinormal modes (QNMs), describing the characteristic oscillations of black holes, have attracted a lot of attention recently, see for example reviews~\cite{Chandrasekhar:1985kt,Kokkotas:1999bd,Berti:2009kk,Konoplya:2011qq} and references therein. Due to the existence of an event hor... |
2,869,038,154,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Supervised learning can achieve good performance given considerable amounts of labelled data for training. One essential factor accounting for the recent successes in deep learning and image classification is the ImageNet database which contains more than 14 million hand-annotat... |
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