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1,108,101,566,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The most extended convention place the mass range of brown dwarfs (BDs) at $ 13 - 80 \, M_{J}$ (being $M_J$ the mass of Jupiter), having enough mass to burn deuterium but not for hydrogen fusion~\citep{bur97}, i.e. in between the heaviest giant planets and the lightest stars. BDs above $\sim ...
1,108,101,566,316
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction} Two processes act in concert to align grains with the interstellar magnetic field: (1) the grain's principal axis of greatest moment of inertia $\hat{a}_1$ aligns with respect to its angular momentum vector $\mathbf{J}$ and (2) $\mathbf{J}$ aligns with respect to the magnet...
1,108,101,566,317
arxiv
\section{introduction} Let $X$ be a projective variety over complex numbers $\mathbb{C}.$ Let $Aut^0(X)$ be the connected component, containing the identity automorphism of the group of all algebraic automorphisms of $X.$ Then $Aut^0(X)$ has a structure of an algebraic group (see \cite[Theorem 3.7, p.17]{MO}). Further...
1,108,101,566,318
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We acknowledge the financial support of the Royal Society (S.B.D.) and the UK EPSRC, and invaluable discussions with Igor Mazin, Michelle Johannes and Zahid Hasan. This experiment was performed with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI, proposal nos. 200...
1,108,101,566,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Imagine we have $N$ conditionally independent draws of $\boldsymbol{X}$ from a model and we would like to consider a variational approximation under the variational posterior $q(\cdot|\eta)$. In a number of interesting cases a variational bound is not available directly, but a bound becomes avai...
1,108,101,566,320
arxiv
\section{The Brauer Group for Trivial Actions}\label{sec-4} In this section we want to give a precise description of the set $\mathcal{E}_G(X)$ of exterior equivalence classes of $C_0(X)$-linear actions $\beta:G\to \Aut\(C_0(X,\K)\)$ in the case where $G$ is smooth, $G_{\subab}$ is compactly generated, and $X$ is a se...
1,108,101,566,321
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Planning collision-free paths for multiple robots, an easily stated yet difficult problem, has been actively studied for decades \cite{ErdLoz86, LavHut98b, LunBer11, Rya08, Sil05, StaKor11, Sur09, BerOve05, BerSnoLinMan09, Zel92}. The hardness of the problem mainly resides wit...
1,108,101,566,322
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\g}{\mathfrak{g}} \newcommand{\lcf}{\lbrack\! \lbrack} \newcommand{\rcf}{\rbrack\! \rbrack} \newcommand{\todo}[1]{\vspace{5 mm}\par \noindent \marginpar{\textsc{ToDo}} \framebox{\begin{minipage}[c]{0.86\textwidth} \tt #1 \end{minipage}}\vspace{5 mm}\par}...
1,108,101,566,323
arxiv
\section{Quantum optimization on Maximum Independent Set} In this section, we provide details on the numerical analysis of the various quantum optimization algorithms presented in the main text. As discussed in the main text, we focus on the maximum independent set problem on random unit disk (UD) graphs. We paramet...
1,108,101,566,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last decade graphene is arguably one of the most investigated materials among all the existing carbon allotropic forms \cite{doi:10.1002/anie.201600655,Geim2007}. Indeed, despite the difficulties in synthesising high-quality large-area graphene sheets \cite{taioli2014computational,tatti...
1,108,101,566,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The well-developed experimental technique of correlation femtoscopy measurements in the field of high-energy heavy-ion collision physics makes it possible to investigate the spatio-temporal structure of the systems produced in such collisions, as well as the peculiarities of the process of their...
1,108,101,566,326
arxiv
\section*{Results} To mold the elastic energy landscape near a curved boundary (Fig. 1a), we fabricate long, epoxy resin strips using standard lithographic techniques to form wavy structures (Fig. 1b) that are placed between two parallel glass slides with planar anchoring oriented perpendicular to the strip (see Method...
1,108,101,566,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Events containing a high $P_{T}$ isolated electron or muon and associated with missing transverse momentum have been observed at HERA \cite{isoleph1origwpaper,isoleph1newwpaper,isolepzeusorigwpaper,zeustop}. An excess of HERA~I data events (1994--2000, mostly in $e^{+}p$ collisions) compared to ...
1,108,101,566,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction and general framework} In recent years, fractional calculus has received a great deal of attention. Equations involving fractional derivatives and fractional Laplacians have been studied by various authors (see, e.g. Podlubny \cite{Po} and references therein). In probability theory, fractional c...
1,108,101,566,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent The study of warped discs dates back to Laplace's (1805) study of the motions of the satellites of Jupiter, in which he showed that each satellite precessed around an axis on which the orbit-averaged torques from the quadrupole moment of the planet and the tidal field from the Su...
1,108,101,566,330
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} \label{sec:conclusions} We have presented a motion generation network that leverages the knowledge encapsulated in CLIP, allowing intuitive operations, such as text conditioned motion generation and editing. As demonstrated, training an auto-encoder on the available motion data alone struggles to...
1,108,101,566,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{comment} Consider a \emph{Jordan curve} $\gamma$, that is, a simple, closed curve in the plane. We say that $\gamma$ has \emph{bounded curvature} if for every point $x$ on $\gamma$, there are open unit disks $U_x$ and $V_x$ and $\varepsilon_x>0$ such that \begin{align} x&\in\partial U_x\q...
1,108,101,566,332
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} This work was partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 and under grant number DE-SC0019066; by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); by the U.K. Science \& Technology Facilities Council under award numbers, ST...
1,108,101,566,333
arxiv
\section{Hypergraph Colouring} In their seminal 1975 paper, \citet{EL75} introduced what is now called the Lov\'asz Local Lemma. This tool is one of the most powerful probabilistic techniques for proving the existence of combinatorial objects. Their motivation was hypergraph colouring. A \defn{hypergraph} $G$ consist...
1,108,101,566,334
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The Beilinson-Hodge conjecture (${\rm BH}(X,n)$) asserts the surjectivity of the cycle map $$ \bar{c}_{n,n}: H^n_M(X,\Q(n)) \xr{} \Hom_{{\rm MHS}}(\Q(-n),H^{n}(X,\Q)) $$ for all integers $n\geq 1$ and every smooth complex algebraic variety $X$. Informally speaking, the conjecture means that e...
1,108,101,566,335
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} The following survey is by no means the first one ever conducted on this topic. For instance in 1997, some 48 participants of a UMBC quantum mechanics workshop were asked by Tegmark \cite{Tegmark} about their favored interpretation of quantum mechanics. Although the Copenhagen i...
1,108,101,566,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum error-correcting codes play an important role in quantum computing and quantum communication. Just as in classical coding theory, one central theme in quantum error-correction is the construction of quantum codes that have good parameters. In \cite{CRSS98}, Calderbank \emph{et al.} pres...
1,108,101,566,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{introduction} Graphene, a single-atom-thick honeycomb sheet of carbon atoms\cite{sc04Novoselov,nature05Novoselov}, possesses unusual material characteristics as compared to other 2D electron systems. Having high electron mobilities, the particles in Graphene are orders of magnitude...
1,108,101,566,338
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \input{math_commands.tex} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} % \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{url} \usepackage{lineno} \usepackage{booktabs} % \usepackage{pgfplots, amsthm, graphicx, subcaption, dsfont, tikz, tikz-qtree, tabularx, amssymb,enumerate, verbatim, ...
1,108,101,566,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we continue to study the model of (2 + 1)-dimensional massless Dirac fermions interacting with a random static non-Abelian gauge potential. The Hamiltonian (or rather a generating functional for the Green's functions) of this model is given by \begin{eqnarray} \mbox{i}\hat H - \...
1,108,101,566,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The following questions are motivated by applications involving flash memory. Let $S_n$ be the \df{symmetric group} of permutations $\pi=[\pi(1),\ldots,\pi(n)]$ of $[n]:=\{1,\ldots,n\}$, with composition defined by $(\pi\rho)(i)=\pi(\rho(i))$. For $2\leq k \leq n$ let $$\tau_k:=\bigl[k,\;...
1,108,101,566,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Bayesian analyses of \ac{GW} data from binary mergers rely on extensive explorations of the posterior probability distribution of detected signals~\cite{Aasi:2013jjl, Veitch:2014wba} and hinge on accurate waveform models, representing the prediction of a \ac{GW} signal originat...
1,108,101,566,342
arxiv
\section{Field Failures} \label{sec:fieldfailures} In this section, we introduce the key concepts that are relevant in our study: \emph{field failure}, \emph{field fault} and \emph{field-intrinsic fault}. \begin{pdefinition}{Field Failure} A \emph{field failure} is a software failure experienced in a production envi...
1,108,101,566,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The measurements of the angles $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$ of the Unitarity Triangle (UT) at the B-factories are providing precision tests of the Standard Model (SM) description of $CP$ violation. This description is provided by the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark-mixing~\cite{CKMmat...
1,108,101,566,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The next decade will see a dramatic improvement in our ability to probe the Universe, with major leaps in capabilities occurring nearly simultaneously across many new facilities. Each of these new facilities will enable transformative science, but joint analyses of the resultant datasets will ...
1,108,101,566,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $L$ be a rational function with complex coefficients. Any representation of $L$ in the form $L=P\circ W$, where $P$ and $W$ are rational functions of degree greater than one and the symbol $\circ$ denotes the superposition of functions, that is $P\circ W=P(W)$, is called a decompositio...
1,108,101,566,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Jet quenching caused by parton energy loss in dense medium has been proposed as a hard probe of the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions \cite{Bjorken:1982tu,Gyulassy:1990ye}. The simplest form of jet quenching is the suppression of ...
1,108,101,566,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Type IIP supernovae (SNe~IIP, ``P'' stands for plateau at the light curve) originate from massive stars that retain a significant fraction of the hydrogen envelope until the core collapse. A pre-SN star before the explosion has the structure of a red supergiant (RSG)...
1,108,101,566,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction} 2S 1845$-$024\xspace (also known as GS 1843$-$024) is a transient X-ray source discovered with the {\it Ginga} observatory \citep{1988IAUC.4661....2M,Koyama1990}. It belongs to the class of high mass X-ray binaries (HXMB). Many of the physical properties of the system and the neutron star (NS) a...
1,108,101,566,349
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Intro} Introduction} \begin{figure} \insertfig{rnplane} \caption[$r-n_s$ plane] { Natural inflation predictions and WMAP3 constraints in the $r$-$\ensuremath{n_s}$ plane. (Solid/blue) lines running from approximately the lower left to upper right are predictions for constant $N...
1,108,101,566,350
arxiv
\section{Model}\label{s:sezione1} A quantum channel that uses continuous alphabet can be modeled by a Bosonic field mode whose phase space quadratures enable for continuous variable encoding/decoding \cite{caves94}. On $n$ uses of such a channel we have to consider $n$ independent Bosonic modes, described by annihila...
1,108,101,566,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Algebraic and analytic crystal limits} Let $K$ be a compact semisimple Lie group, $G$ its complex form. The quantized coordinate ring on $G$ can be constructed in two different flavours. In the algebraic approach we define a $\mathbb{C}(q)$-algebra $\cO_q[G]$ with $q$ an indetermina...
1,108,101,566,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Over recent years it has become apparent that massive black holes lie at the centre of the majority of local galaxies. In addition, correlations between the mass of these central black holes ($M_{\rm BH}$) and host galaxy properties suggests that the evolution of galaxies must ...
1,108,101,566,353
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \vspace{-2mm} In this paper, we have proposed a deep coarse-to-fine model with high order context and guided filtering for semantic image segmentation. At the coarse level, we target directly at the influence of high order pattern on the unary node to encode the relative interaction between them. ...
1,108,101,566,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \copyrightnotice% Nowadays, radar sensors are widely used for modern advanced driver assistance systems. In contrast to other used sensor types such as camera and lidar, radar is known for its robustness regarding adverse weather conditions because of its comparatively large wavelength of about...
1,108,101,566,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:i} Let $\O$ be a smooth bounded domain of ${\mathbb R}^N$, $N\geq2$ and let $\Sig_k$ be a smooth closed submanifold of $\partial\O$ with dimension $0\leq k\leq N-1$. Here $\Sig_0$ is a single point and $\Sig_{N-1}=\partial\O$. For $\l\in{\mathbb R}$, consider the problem of finding mini...
1,108,101,566,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Computing thermodynamic quantities of the ferromagnetic Ising model has been a fundamental problem in statistical physics since the early 20th century \cite{Ising}, where the demonstration of the model's phase transition served as the first rigorous proof that small changes at an atomic scale ...
1,108,101,566,357
arxiv
\section{Summary} \section{Conclusion} $\SD$ has achieved wide-spread popularity in applications that wish to optimize for the $\EMD$ criterion. However, with a thorough analysis, we point out two limitations in $\SD$ which make it hard to use in deep learning: (i) numerical instability due to floating point ...
1,108,101,566,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} \noindent A (reduced) compact complex-analytic space $X$ can be viewed as a first-order structure, in the sense of mathematical logic, by equipping $X$ with a predicate symbol $P_A$ for each complex-analytic subset $A\subseteq X^n$, for all $n\geq 0$. We denote this structur...
1,108,101,566,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars are a rare class of hydrogen deficient red giants. These stars are characterized by dramatic, unpredictable photometric declines with slow returns to full luminosity caused by clouds of carbon dust forming and flowing away from the star...
1,108,101,566,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Statement of the Results} \label{sec:intro} In this paper, we study the distribution of resonances for convex strictly obstacles $\mathcal{O}$ under general boundary conditions including Neumann and general smooth Robin boundary conditions $\partial_\nu u+\eta u=0$, $\eta\in C^\infty(\part...
1,108,101,566,361
arxiv
\section*{INTRODUCTION} The parameters for a high luminosity, high energy muon collider are summarize in Tb.\ref{tb1}. The design of an extreme low-beta interaction region for a muon collider\cite{ref1} is non trivial and present a challenge in many ways similar to the one encounter in the Next Linear Collider (NLC)\...
1,108,101,566,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Weak gravitational lensing has developed into a useful probe of the Universe. Weak gravitational lensing takes advantage of small distortions (``shears'') of distant galaxies which are caused by the deflection of light ray paths by intervening gravitational fields, as predicted by General Relativ...
1,108,101,566,363
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the currently observable universe is isotropic to a very high degree, this is not a generic feature of spacetimes near singularities --- rather the opposite. In fact, within general relativity and under certain assumptions in the matter sector, the most generic approaches to singularities ...
1,108,101,566,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A significant part of the information perceived by a person and required for making even the simplest everyday decisions is presented in multiple modalities, that is, with the help of different types of ``input information'', requiring the use of various senses and types of knowledge. Visual inf...
1,108,101,566,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although the idea of inflation \cite{Starobinsky:1980te, Sato:1980yn, Guth:1980zm} (for a review, see \cite{Lyth:2009zz}) started from solving the problems (like horizon and flatness problem) of the old hot big bang model, the key to distinguish different inflation models lies on primordial curv...
1,108,101,566,366
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{sections/introduction} \section{Related work} \label{sec:related-work} \input{sections/related-work} \section{Fourier Transform} \label{sec:fourier_transform} \input{sections/fourier-transform} \section{Proposed method} \label{sec:proposed_method} \input{sections/proposed-method} \sect...
1,108,101,566,367
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A famous exercise of \cite{St1} proposes to the reader to show that every item of a long list of combinatorial structures provides a possible interpretation of the well-known sequence of Catalan numbers. In addition, since its appearance, many new combinatorial instances of Catalan numbers (in p...
1,108,101,566,368
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical novae span a subclass of cataclysmic variables, consisting of a white dwarf which interacts with a late-type companion star. The companion loses its mass through Roche lobe overflow, forming an accretion disk around the white dwarf. The mass transfer from the companion induces th...
1,108,101,566,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Physical entities typically loose their individual identities within a highly correlated whole which is not describable in terms of the mere knowledge of its physical constituents. Viewing a time series as a whole system with the series values as its constituents, the correspon...
1,108,101,566,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Models for the spread of information among networked entities were studied for decades in sociology and economics~\cite{ThresholdModels:1978,EasleyKleinbergBook:2010,JacksonNetworks:Book2010}. A diffusion process is initiated from a seed set of nodes (entities) and progresses in steps: Initi...
1,108,101,566,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quadratic number fields were proposed as a setting for public-key cryptosystems in the late 1980s by Buchmann and Williams \cite{BWKeyEx,BWKeyExReal}. Those cryptosystems were generalized to number fields of arbitrary dimension about a decade later \cite{arb_dim_1,arb_dim_2,arb_dim_3}. Their sec...
1,108,101,566,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} Giant extrasolar planets that orbit their host stars at distances shorter than $\approx$ 1 AU but farther away than the hot-Jupiter pile-up at $\approx$ 0.1 AU, are termed ``warm" giants. They have been efficiently discovered by radial velocity (RV) surveys \citep[e.g.,][]{hebrar...
1,108,101,566,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Probability theory in linear spaces has long been considered and extended to more general models which are nonlinear, such as hyperspaces of linear space or metric spaces generally. Basic objects such as expectation, conditional expectation of random element taking values in metric space also...
1,108,101,566,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Streaming services are witnessing a rapid growth in mobile networks. According to Allot Communications \cite{allot}, HTTP streaming service made up 37 percent of mobile broadband traffic during the second half of 2010. This presents new challenges for operators that are used to classify service...
1,108,101,566,375
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been known for a long time that there is a wonderful interplay between discrete time stochastic processes and partial differential equations, see the seminal paper by Courant, Friedrichs and Lewy \cite{CFL}. Since then, the pioneering work of Feller revealed deep connections to second...
1,108,101,566,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theoretical proposal \cite{bernevig2006a,kane2005,bernevig2006, qi2008,fu2007a,moore2007,roy2006,zhang2009a} and experimental discovery of the topological insulators \cite{koenig2008,hsieh2008,xia2009,chen2009} have provoked an intensive research effort in condensed matter physics. Topologica...
1,108,101,566,377
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Systems made of correlated electrons confined in semiconductor nanoscopic dot and ring structures, so-called quantum dots (QDs) and rings (QRs) respectively, have been the subject of intense theoretical and experimental research, see e.g. Refs. \onlinecite{Jac98,Lip08} and references therein. Fr...
1,108,101,566,378
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Count time series is an active area of current research, with several recent review papers and books appearing on the topic \citep{fokianos2012count, davis2016handbook, weiss2018introduction, davis2021count}. Gaussian models, which are completely characterized by the series' mean and autocovari...
1,108,101,566,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main purpose of this work is to answer, for a specific family of continuous random trees (CRT in short), the following general question about measured metric spaces. If $m(r)$ denotes the measure assigned to the ball centered at some fixed distinguished point and with radius $r\geq 0$,...
1,108,101,566,380
arxiv
\section{Examples for local parameterization functions} \label{sec:app1} \begin{example} Taylor polynomials of degree $k$ at $t=t_n$, \begin{equation} \label{eq:taylor} \widetilde{\gamma}_n(\tau; \boldsymbol{\Gamma}_n)=\sum_{j=0}^k \widehat{\gamma}^n_j\, \tau^j \end{equation} where $\widehat{\gamma}^n_j=\frac{\g...
1,108,101,566,381
arxiv
\section{Experimental set-up}\label{sec:Exp} These works motivate us to study and utilize the quantum properties of SPPs in more advanced quantum information protocols. Quantum teleportation uses entanglement as a resource to faithfully transfer unknown quantum states between distant nodes. Ever since it was first intr...
1,108,101,566,382
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-equilibrium evolution of isolated quantum many-body systems has recently come to the center of attention \cite{2011RvMP...83..863P,2007PhRvL..98r0601K,2008Natur.452..854R,2008PhRvL.100j0601B,2009PhRvL.103j0403R,2010NJPh...12e5020C,2010PhRvE..81c6206S,2010NJPh...12e5017B,2011PhRvL.106e0405B,2...
1,108,101,566,383
arxiv
1,108,101,566,384
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lattice computations of the potential of a pair of static-light mesons (in the following also referred to as $B$ mesons) are of interest, because they constitute first principles determinations of a hadronic force. Until now interactions between static-light mesons have exclusively been studie...
1,108,101,566,385
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Our understanding of supersymmetric QCD (SQCD) has grown rapidly over the last four years \cite{seiberg}. There are now solid examples of four dimensional gauge theories that confine by the dual Meissner effect, exhibit chiral symmetry breaking and even theories that give rise to massless compo...
1,108,101,566,386
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Multiple previous works have proposed algorithms for data repair using Denial Constraints (DCs) \cite{DiscoveringChuIP13} or subsets thereof \cite{RekatsinasCIR17,VolkovsCSM14,ChuIP13,BohannonFGJK07}. These approaches employ algorithms that use the constraints to detect and chan...
1,108,101,566,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are many interesting and widely used estimators of a functional with finite semi-parametric variance bound that depend on the estimation, in a first step, of nuisance functions, such as conditional expectations or densities. Examples include estimators of the mean with data missing at...
1,108,101,566,388
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} 3$d$-containing materials are well known for strong electron correlations, narrow band widths, site- and orbital-selective states, and robust magnetism whereas 4- and 5$d$ systems are recognized for strong spin–orbit coupling, increased hybridization, extended orbitals, and a tendency tow...
1,108,101,566,389
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of equidistribution of zeros of random holomorphic sections has become intensively active recently, which can be applied to quantum chaotic eigenfunctions \cite{bbl, nv} and shed a light on the Quantum unique ergodicity conjecture \cite{rs, hs}. Shiffman-Zelditeh \cite{sz} establish...
1,108,101,566,390
arxiv
\subsection{Appendix: Quantum maximum via SDP}\label{SDP} We follow the SDP method put forward by Wehner \cite{Wehner} recently, in order to prove analytically quantum bounds for the correlation type Bell inequalities of Eq.~(\ref{bellexpr}). Let us consider the $m\times m$ matrix $M$ with real coefficients \begin{eq...
1,108,101,566,391
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} The Meridian Axial Circle (MAC, D=180~mm, F=2.3~m) in Kiev was recently modernized by installing a 1040x1160 CCD camera that can work in scan mode (Telnyuk-Adamchuk et al. \cite{aa2002}; Karbovsky \cite{karb}). The camera, designed at the Nikolaev Observatory (Ukraine), incorporates a glass f...
1,108,101,566,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the context of fault-tolerant quantum computing, operations from the Clifford group are relatively easy to perform and are therefore considered inexpensive. In contrast, operations that do not belong to the Clifford group are complicated to execute fault-tolerantly because t...
1,108,101,566,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Social network analysis tools have attracted significant attention in the literature \cite{getoor2005link,koschutzki2005centrality,fortunato2010community}. Such tools are typically used under an assumption that the members of the network are not strategic, i.e., they do not manipulate the topolo...
1,108,101,566,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By charged current quasielastic scattering (CCQE) one usually understands the reaction in which the elementary process \begin{equation} \nu_l (p) \,+ \,n(k) \rightarrow l^-(k')\, + \, p(p') \label{qe} \end{equation} takes place inside the nucleus. CCQE, the largest reaction channel for $E_\nu...
1,108,101,566,395
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec.int} In recent years the study of the structure and behavior of real world networks has received wide attention. The degree sequence of these networks appear to have special properties (like power law degree distribution). Classical random graph models (like the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi m...
1,108,101,566,396
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \begin{table*}[t] \centering {\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{6pt} \small \begin{tabular}{@{}l c c c c c c c c@{}} \toprule {\bf Methods} & \makecell{{\bf Frozen}\\{\bf LMs}} & {\bf Automated} & \makecell{{\bf Gradient-}\\{\bf free}} & \makecell{{\bf Gu...
1,108,101,566,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Many algorithms in machine learning and other scientific computing fields rely on optimizing a function with respect to a parameter space. In many cases, the objective function being optimized takes the form of a sum over a large number of terms that can be treated as ident...
1,108,101,566,398
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} This short article presented an overview of a set of video-based techniques designed for real-world crowd insights and the management of dense crowds in urban environments, and described results from actual deployments. \input{mybib.bbl} \end{document}
1,108,101,566,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interaction between matter and strong magnetic fields is a subject of permanent research \cite{LAI,MIRANSKY}. In particular the combination of magnetic fields and the strong interaction has been intensively debated in the low \cite{CHAKRABARTY, BRODERICK,DONG,RABHI,CHANDRA,BANDY,HABER,...
1,108,101,566,400
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{motivation} Today's cars, self-driving or not, can exchange information with the outside over a standardised interface: the On-Board-Diagnosis (OBD) interface, which exists since 1988. OBD-II is a vehicle diagnostic system, which makes important electronic control units (ECU) of the car ...
1,108,101,566,401
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The question we would like to answer is the following one\footnote{for the notation and the exact definition of the objects that are involved we refer to the original source.}: \begin{question}\label{conj1} Let $(X,X_0)$ be an henselian couple (in the sense of \textnormal{Definition \ref{definit...
1,108,101,566,402
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Atomic nuclei are among the most fascinating quantum many-body systems that depict a rich variety of shapes and structures \cite{BM75}. Most of the nuclei are known to have axially-symmetric, dominantly quadrupole, deformed shape in the ground-state. However, there are also regions in the nuclea...
1,108,101,566,403
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A recent paper of Livingston and Meier raises an interesting question about {\em superslice knots}. Recall~\cite{brakes:superslice} that a knot $K$ in $S^3$ is said to be superslice if there is a slice disk $D$ for $K$ such that the double of $D$ along $K$ is the unknotted 2-sphere $S$ in $S^4$....
1,108,101,566,404
arxiv
\subsection*{Introduction} Atomic and molecular physics arc certainly the oldest subfields of quantum physics and everybody knows the major role that they played in the early 1920s when the first principles of quantum mechanics were elaborated. After this {\it golden era}, many physicists considered research in these s...
1,108,101,566,405
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:introduction}} Let $\Omega$ be a bounded polyhedral domain in $\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}^d$, $d\in\ensuremath{\mathbb{N}}$. We consider the linear parabolic partial differential equation \begin{equation} \label{eq:strong} \begin{aligned} \ensuremath{\partial _t} u + \L u &= f \q...
1,108,101,566,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The interior of a neutron star (NS) is one of the most extreme environments known to exist in the observable universe. The hydrostatic equilibrium established by the NSs own gravity acting against the degeneracy pressure of neutrons in its core is described by the Tolman-Oppenhe...
1,108,101,566,407
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Approximate chiral symmetry is an important feature of the QCD lagrangian. Much of the low-energy behavior of QCD at zero temperature and density can be understood in terms of chiral symmetry, its spontaneous breaking and the anomolous breaking of the $U(1)_A$ subgroup. There has been conside...
1,108,101,566,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a growing need for real-time status monitoring and controlling with the overwhelming proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as sensor networks, camera networks, and vehicular networks, to name but a few \cite{palattellaInternetThings5G2016}. Timely updates of status at the ...
1,108,101,566,409
arxiv
\section{\label{section1:level1} Introduction} Radon provides a dangerous background for experiments in search for WIMP dark matter~\cite{PhysRevD.101.052002,XENON:2020fbs,lux2015RnBackgrounds,deap2015Rn}. Radon emanation accounted for $>50$\% of the projected electron recoil background in LZ~\cite{PhysRevD.101.0520...
1,108,101,566,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two-dimensional electron gases~\cite{ando-82-rmp} (2DEGs) buried inside semiconductor heterostructures~\cite{harris-89-rpp} show ballistic transport over micrometers at low temperature. Their very long electron mean free path results from the combination of a high growth quality by molecular bea...
1,108,101,566,411
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Vertex operator algebras (VOA) are mathematical counterparts of conformal field theory. An important family of examples comes from representations of affine Lie algebras. More precisely, if we let $\hat{\frak g}$ be an affine Lie algebra, the irreducible $\hat{\frak g}$-module $L(k,0)$ with hi...
1,108,101,566,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interest for the magnetocaloric effect has been increasing in the last decades in view of applications for room temperature refrigeration \cite{Pecha}. Neutron scattering studies can bring important microscopic information on the spin and lattice dynamics of these systems and reveal key ingredien...
1,108,101,566,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In \cite[p.~354]{ramanujanoriginalnotebook2}, \cite[p.~263, Entry 3]{bcbramforthnote}, Ramanujan gave the following beautiful identity for $a\neq 0, |a|<1,$ and $|b|<1$, namely, \begin{align}\label{neglected} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{ (b/a)_n a^n }{ (1- q^n) (b)_n } = \sum_{n=1}^{\...
1,108,101,566,414
arxiv
\section{\textsc{Introduction}} Due to major technological upheavals, the complexity of many dynamical systems has dramatically increased in recent years, thus making their control more and more challenging. The academic community has coined this paradigm shift under the name of the \emph{Cyber-Physical revolution} (se...