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1,108,101,566,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{figures/main_illustration.pdf} \vspace{-0.3cm} \caption{[A] Multiple moving sensors scan a time-varying object (cloud) from multiple-views. [B] The measurements, acquired at a different times, are t...
1,108,101,566,116
arxiv
\section{An infinite sequence of networks} \label{app:networks} To protect our intellectual property, the construction is encrypted by a private secret key. After discovering the cipher, all details are here: \medskip\noindent ePC2 26lWMqx HOi9q2k DiP3XAq qEr c Auxn2A SnIbgpyM9k cNh18cNwnzxl IXd DI jNdNJ WN4z 5kzVf...
1,108,101,566,117
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In the present paper we complete the study of the spherical nilpotent orbits in complex symmetric spaces by considering the symmetric pairs $(\mathfrak g,\mathfrak k)$ with $\mathfrak g$ of exceptional type, the cases with $\mathfrak g$ of classical type being considered in \cite{BCG} and \cite...
1,108,101,566,118
arxiv
\section{Our results} \label{sec:intro} \section {Introduction} \paragraph {BosonSampling.} BosonSampling (Aaronson and Arkhipov \cite {AaAr13}, see also Tishby and Troyansky \cite {TrTi96}) is the following computational task. \vspace{0.1 in} \begin {enumerate} \item ...
1,108,101,566,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Certain classes of neutron stars are expected to be excellent sources of continuous gravitational waves (GWs). Anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters, now widely recognised as neutron stars of the highly-magnetised variety \cite[`magnetars',][]{td92}, may be deformed by magnetic stress...
1,108,101,566,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Decades ago, elliptical galaxies were thought to contain very little, if any, gas. Studies of galaxy formation, therefore, often focussed on the stellar properties, however we now know that a large fraction of the baryonic mass in massive galaxies is believe to be in diffuse form. Thus a complet...
1,108,101,566,121
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are sometimes speculations about a worst case scenario unfolding at the LHC. For example a light Higgs finally showing up after many years of running with no further signs of new physics would be distinctly unsatisfying. This would provide us with no insight about the origins of the observe...
1,108,101,566,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The effects of topological terms on the dynamics of Goldstone modes and the quantum number of solitons and instantons in non-linear ${\sigma }$ (NL${% \sigma }$) models have a long history, and continue to attract strong interests from the physics community\cite{wilczek}. For example, in one spa...
1,108,101,566,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Observables in QCD are functions of $\alpha=g^2/4\pi$ and $1/N_f$. An inspection of the 5-loop $\beta$ function~\cite{Baikov:2016tgj} (see also~\cite{Luthe:2016ima}), 5-loop $\gamma_m$~\cite{Baikov:2014qja}, and 3-loop $\gamma_\pm$~\cite{Gracey:2012gx} reveals that these RG functi...
1,108,101,566,124
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mutualistic relationships, interspecific interactions that benefit both species, have been empirically studied for many years \cite{boucher:book:1985,hinton:PTENHS:1951,wilson:AmNat:1983,bronstein:QRB:1994,pierce:ARE:2002,kiers:Nature:2003,bshary:book:2003} and also a considerable body of theory...
1,108,101,566,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The primary purpose of this paper is to establish uniform Lipschitz estimates for a family of elliptic operators with rapidly oscillating, almost-periodic coefficients, arising in the theory of homogenization. More precisely, we consider the linear elliptic operator \begin{equation}\label{opera...
1,108,101,566,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In~\cite{strassen:1969}, V.\ Strassen presented a noncommutative algorithm for multiplication of two~$\matrixsize{2}{2}$ matrices using only~$7$ multiplications. The current upper bound~$23$ for~$\matrixsize{3}{3}$ matrix multiplication was reached by J.B.\ Laderman in~\cite{laderman:1976a}. Th...
1,108,101,566,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Integrating renewable energy generations, distributed microgenerators, and storage systems into power grids is one of the key features of enabling the future smart grid \cite{SG-techreport}. However, this integration gives rise to new challenges, such as the appearance of overvoltages at the dis...
1,108,101,566,128
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A large fraction of early-type main sequence stars are associated with ultracompact H{\sc ii}-Re\-gions (UCH{\sc ii}s, Wood \& Churchwell \cite{wood}). These are characterized by large electron densities $N_{\rm e} \ge 10^4$ $\mbox{cm}^{-3}$, sizes $< 0.1$~pc and temperatures $T_e \approx 10\,00...
1,108,101,566,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A fractional quantum Hall (QH) system of filling fraction $\nu$ has edge channels that support fractional charges obeying fractional braiding statistics~\cite{Wen_review}. At $\nu = 2/3$, the edge states are decomposed into a $\nu_c^{\textrm{edge}}=2/3$ charge mode and a counterpropagating neutr...
1,108,101,566,130
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The determination of the one-body distribution function, which gives the probability of finding a particle at some given position,with a given velocity at a given time, is one of the central problems in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Its time-evolution is in many cases well described by a...
1,108,101,566,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At sufficiently low temperatures a condensate of weakly interacting bosons can be represented by a single wave function whose dynamics obeys the Gross-Pitaevskii equation \cite{gross61,pitaevskii61}. The Gross-Pitaevskii equation can be thought of as the Hartree equation for the ground state ...
1,108,101,566,132
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The Near-Infrared Extragalactic Background Light (NIREBL) is the integrated light of the entire cosmic history in the near infrared. Thus, the origin of the NIREBL is essential to probe the formation and evolution of galaxies from birth to the present Universe. Since current technology limits u...
1,108,101,566,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Video Retrieval is one of the most eminent and challenging problems in the digital world today. It is the task of ranking videos in a database based on their relevance to user input queries. While most practical applications use video meta-data to convert the problem into a straight-forward page ...
1,108,101,566,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The interactions between two baryons have been studied by two methods in lattice QCD. The first one is the direct method~\cite{Yamazaki:2015asa,Wagman:2017tmp,Berkowitz:2015eaa}, which extracts the eigenenergies of the ground and/or the excited states from the temporal c...
1,108,101,566,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of results} Let $G$ be a totally disconnected, locally compact topological group, with neutral element~$e$, and $\alpha\colon G\to G$ be a continuous endomorphism. Then various $\alpha$-invariant subgroups of~$G$ can be associated with $\alpha$, which are important for the structure ...
1,108,101,566,136
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}} \def\arabic{section}.{\arabic{section}.} \def\Roman{section}-\Alph{subsection}.{\Roman{section}-\Alph{subsection}.} \def#1}{} \def\FERMILABPub#1{\def#1}{#1}} \def\ps@headings{\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{} \def\@oddhead...
1,108,101,566,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, there has been huge progress in understanding out-of-equilibrium dynamics in isolated many-body quantum systems, both theoretically and experimentally. Different experimental setups, in particular experiments on ultra cold atoms, can be found in the review article \cite{review} and refe...
1,108,101,566,138
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Human-level intelligence has two remarkable hallmarks: quick learning and slow forgetting. Human can efficiently learn to recognize new concepts from a few of examples without forgetting the prior knowledge. Ideally, the artificial agent should be able to demonstrate the same capabilities, learn...
1,108,101,566,139
arxiv
\section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.15cm}{#1}} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1}} \usepackage{accents} \newcommand{\dbtilde}[1]{\accentset{\approx}{#1}} \def{\bf{e}}{{\bf{e}}} \def{\cal{H}}{{\cal{H}}} \def{\cal{G}}{{\cal{G}}} \def{\mathbb{I}}{{\mathbb{I}}} \def{\ma...
1,108,101,566,140
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of higher dimensional branes is an important part of the ongoing quest to understand the structure of superstring theory. It is generally motivated by their possible roles in understanding the string-theoretic origins of entropy, duality symmetries, the AdS/CFT correspondence etc \cite...
1,108,101,566,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the influential paper of Morris and Thorne\cite{Morris}, one of the most fascinating features of the theory of general relativity is the potential existence of space-times with wormholes. It is believed that they are the short-cut between otherwise distant or unconnected regions of th...
1,108,101,566,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:INT} Eigenvalues of random matrices form a strongly correlated point process. One manifestation of this fact is the unusually small fluctuation of their linear statistics making the eigenvalue process distinctly different from a Poisson point process. Suppose that the \(n\times n\) ran...
1,108,101,566,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The famous $O(3)$ model in two dimensions has various applications in condensed matter and high energy physics. From the point of view of gauge field theories, it is one of the few toy models that exhibits asymptotic freedom and a dynamical mass generation. The other main feature of the $O(...
1,108,101,566,144
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We work over the field $\mathbb{C}$ of complex numbers. Let $X$ be a compact K\"ahler space with only rational singularities. Given an automorphism $f\in\textup{Aut}(X)$, the \textit{first dynamical degree} $d_1(f)$ is defined as the spectral radius $\rho(f^*)$ of the induced linear operation $f...
1,108,101,566,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a general consensus that the matter produced at RHIC behaves as a near perfect fluid \cite{perfectfluid}. One of the key findings that led to this interpretation is the strong anisotropic flow of produced hadrons and its description by ideal hydrodynamic simulations \cite{idealhydro}. ...
1,108,101,566,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) has emerged as a highly-tunable platform to observe correlated electron behaviour, such as insulating phases or unconventional superconductivity \cite{Cao2018,Cao_Insulator,Yankowitz2019}. By twisting two sheets of graphene by an angle $\theta$, a moir\'{e} pattern ...
1,108,101,566,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} This survey deals with an area in which measure theory is intertwined with combinatorics and asymptotic analysis; its applications to dynamics, algebra, and other problems will be partly touched upon in this paper, as well as in subsequent publications. The survey contains a~lot of ...
1,108,101,566,148
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{figure}{0} \setcounter{table}{0}} \setcounter{page}{1} \title{Alphabet Sizes of Auxiliary Variables\\ in Canonical Inner Bounds} \author{Soumya Jana\\ Department of Electrical and Computer engineering\\ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign\\...
1,108,101,566,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction and standing assumption} Throughout this paper, \begin{empheq}[box = \mybluebox]{equation*} \text{$\mathcal{H}$ is a real Hilbert space} \end{empheq} with inner product $\innp{\cdot,\cdot}$ and induced norm $\|\cdot\|$. We denote by $\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{H})$ the set of all nonempty subs...
1,108,101,566,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vskip 2mm In this article, we are mainly concerned with the linear programming problem with the small noisy data as follows: \begin{align} & \min_{x \in \Re^{n}} c^{T}x, \hskip 2mm \text{subject to} \; Ax = b, \; x \ge 0, \label{LPND} \end{align} where $c$ and $x$ are vectors in $\Re^{...
1,108,101,566,151
arxiv
\chapter{Search for unstable sterile neutrinos} \label{ch:analysis} \section{Data selection} This analysis uses a large set of well-reconstructed, upwards-going, high-energy, muon data events. This dataset is assembled using the event selection described briefly in this section. More details on the event selection ca...
1,108,101,566,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A graph $G=(V,E)$ is a {\em pairwise compatibility graph} (PCG) if there exists a tree $T$, an edge-weight function $w$ that assigns positive values to the edges of $T$ and two non-negative real numbers $d_{min}$ and $d_{max}$, with $d_{min} \leq d_{max}$, such that each vertex $u \in V$ is un...
1,108,101,566,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:introduction}} LHD inward-shifted configurations are unstable to resistive MHD pressure-gradient-driven modes \cite{1,2}, because the magnetic hill is located near the magnetic axis and they are not stabilized by the magnetic well or the magnetic shear \cite{3}. Previous stability stud...
1,108,101,566,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par The success of the standard model[1] of quarks and leptons is impressive. Perhaps the top quark,whose mass was constrained to be in a narrow range by experiments at LEP, has been discovered at Fermilab[2]. The weak coupling of the top quark is predicted to be almost purely left-handed ...
1,108,101,566,155
arxiv
\section*{-1. Introduction} The contents of this paper are as follows. In Section 0, we sketch one part of the historic background: classical inequalities on determinants and permanents of positive semi-definite matrices. In Section~\ref{new}, we prove pfaffian and hafnian versions of these inequalities, and we for...
1,108,101,566,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Learning representations for visual correspondence is a long-standing problem in computer vision, which is closely related to many vision tasks including video object tracking, keypoint tracking, and optical flow estimation, \emph{etc}. This task is challenging due to the factors such as viewp...
1,108,101,566,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the space of solutions, $M$, to the equation $F(x)=0$ where $F:\mathbb R^n \rightarrow \mathbb R^m$ is a smooth function. To understand the geometry of $M$ one could start by computing the derivative $DF(x)$. Under suitable regularity conditions (e.g., $DF(x)$ is surjective for all so...
1,108,101,566,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known following Drinfeld\cite{Dri} that the semiclassical object underlying quantum groups are Poisson-Lie groups. This means a Lie group together with a Poisson bracket such that the group product is a Poisson map. The infinitesimal notion of a Poisson-Lie group is a Lie bialgebra, m...
1,108,101,566,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the experiments at RHIC \cite{Muller:2006ee,Adams:2005dq} advanced the empirical knowledge of the hot QCD matter dramatically, the understanding of the state of matter that has been formed is still lacking. For example, the STAR collaboration's assessment \cite{Adams:2005dq} of the evid...
1,108,101,566,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is an inherent feature of natural languages that their expressions have the potential to convey a range of semantic values which their usage in context will constrain in such a way that some value is eventually circumscribed and expressed. This is exemplified in the minimal contrast below...
1,108,101,566,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stern's diatomic sequence (defined in Section \ref{CF.5}) stems from the study of continued fractions and has a number of remarkable combinatorial properties, as seen in Northshield \cite{NorthshieldS10}. There are many different multidimensional continued fraction algorithms, and they serve a...
1,108,101,566,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that in the space of dimension higher than two the many-particle wave function is either symmetric or antisymmetric under a permutation group operation; this property leads to the division into the systems of bosons and fermions, respectively. As a consequence, the distributi...
1,108,101,566,163
arxiv
\section{HEAVY ELEMENT ABUNDANCE DETERMINATION} \subsection{Ground-based optical observations} To derive element abundances from the optical spectra, we have followed the procedure detailed in ITL94 and ITL97. We adopt a two-zone photoionized H II region model (Stasi\'nska 1990): a high-ionization zone with tempera...
1,108,101,566,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of finding the graphs with maximal and minimal energy has been extensively studied for several matrices. For the Adjacency matrix, Gutman \cite{Gutman2} proved the following. \begin{theorem} Let $T$ be a tree on $n$ vertices. Then $$E(S_{n})\leq E(T)\leq E(P_{n}).$$ \end{theorem} Wher...
1,108,101,566,165
arxiv
\section{Optimal Offline Algorithm } In this section, we propose an offline algorithm $\mathsf{OFF}$, and show that it satisfies the sufficiency conditions of Theorem \ref{th_algo1_1}. Algorithm $\mathsf{OFF}$ first finds an initial feasible solution via INIT\_POLICY, and then iteratively improves upon it via PULL\_BA...
1,108,101,566,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Common supervised machine learning approaches to extractive summarisation attempt to label individual text extracts (usually sentences or phrases; in this paper we will use sentences). In a subsequent stage, a summary is generated based on the predicted labels of the individual sentences and o...
1,108,101,566,167
arxiv
\section*{} \section{INTRODUCTION} In past decades there has been a large amount of discussion regarding the secular evolution of bars in spiral galaxies. Numerical simulations show that gas inflow, star formation and the subsequent buildup of a central mass concentration (CMC) can considerably alter the shape of a b...
1,108,101,566,168
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve defined over the rational field ${\mathbb Q}$ by a hyperelliptic equation of the form $y^2=f(x)$, $\deg f(x)\ge3$. One may construct a sequence of ${\mathbb Q}$-rational points in $C({\mathbb Q})$ such that the $x$-coordinates of these rational points form a seque...
1,108,101,566,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope, located on the Canary Island of La Palma at 2200\,m~a.s.l., is capable of extending very high energy observations to energies previously unreachable and detecting new sources at energies down to 50\,GeV. One of these sources ...
1,108,101,566,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Overview of Euclidean field theory} \label{sec:overview} A Euclidean field theory of a scalar field on a domain $\Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ is specified by a formal probability measure on a space of fields\footnote{Rigorously, the space of fields is the Schwartz distribution s...
1,108,101,566,171
arxiv
\subsection{$U=0$ limit} In the case of $U=0$, the $T_U (\mathbf{ k} , \mathbf{ p} ) \rightarrow 0$, the unitarity relation of physical $S$-matrix in Eq.(\ref{phyunit}) is thus reduced to a simple form, \begin{equation} \sum_{k_i=\pm p_i} | s_V (\mathbf{ k} , \mathbf{ p} )|^2 =1, \label{sVoptic} \end{equa...
1,108,101,566,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} As one of the most important topics in document processing systems, signature verification has become an indispensable issue in modern society~\cite{dey2017signet,zheng2019ranksvm}. Precisely, it plays important role in enhancing security and privacy in various fields, such as fi...
1,108,101,566,173
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} \par \IEEEPARstart {O}{cupational} stress is well-researched \cite{Carneiro2019} \cite{Can2019a} \cite{Schmidt2018}\cite{Carneiro2017}\cite{Alberdi2016}, though not least due to its pernicious effect on people's health but also due to the economic benefits of keeping in check the...
1,108,101,566,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. For a vertex $v\in V$, let $N_G(v)=\{u\in V |uv \in E\}$ and $N_G[v] = N_G(v) \cup \{v\}$ denote the open and closed neighborhoods of $v$, respectively. A set $D\subseteq V$ is called a \emph{dominating set} of a graph $G=(V,E)$ if $|N_G[v] \cap D| \geq 1$ for all $v \in...
1,108,101,566,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are intense radio transients with extreme brightness temperatures that show dispersion relations consistent with propagation through cold plasma \citep{Lorimer2007Sci...318..777L, Thornton2013Sci...341...53T,Petroff2016PASA...33...45P}. Until now, more...
1,108,101,566,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The optical response in periodically driven topological systems is important for the study of the gain and loss mechanism, especially in the many-electron system. For non-Hermitian system under laser, the conductivity and absorption as well as the scattering are related to the polarization v...
1,108,101,566,177
arxiv
\section{Interacting Hopf Algebras: a Complete Axiomatisation of Affine Circuits} \label{sec:axiomatisation} This appendix contains the equational theory of affine relations over a field $\field$, called the theory of Affine Interacting Hopf algebras ($\AIH{\field}$), as it appears in~\cite{interactinghopf} (for the l...
1,108,101,566,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The calculation of accurate potential energies of molecules and materials at affordable cost is at the heart of computational chemistry. While state-of-the-art \textit{ab initio} electronic structure theories can yield highly accurate results, they are computationally too expensive for routine a...
1,108,101,566,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fractional D3 branes have played an important r\^ole in extending AdS$_5$/CFT$_4$ dualities to settings where the gauge theory is not scale invariant. Being nothing but D5 branes wrapped on collapsed 2-cycles which exist at Calabi-Yau (CY) threefold conical singularities, they source 3-form flux...
1,108,101,566,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Polar codes \cite{arikan} are capacity-achieving linear block codes based on the polarization phenomenon, that makes bit channels either completely noisy or completely noiseless as code length tends to infinity. While optimal at infinite code length, the error-correction perfo...
1,108,101,566,181
arxiv
\subsection{Proof of Theorem} The proof proceeds in two steps. We first derive the $L_2$ rate of convergence for the bias of the naive estimator and then we derive that of the variance. The approach of the proof closely follows the proof for the $L_2$ rate of convergence of the mean regression function itself found in ...
1,108,101,566,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quest to control electron spin in a solid has continued to date to advance progress in modern information technology~\cite{Wolf2001,Awschalom2007,Waldrop2016}. A series of potential future spintronic devices have been established, including spin transistors~\cite{Datta1990,Chuang2015}, all-s...
1,108,101,566,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{X-ray QPO in AGN} Both stellar mass black hole binaries (BHB) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) are powered by gas accreting onto a central black hole, and their observational properties are determined primarily by the black hole mass, mass accretion rate and spin. This relative simpl...
1,108,101,566,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Subject to the effects of wind, a flat sandy surface is unstable and evolves into a regular periodic pattern of wavelength of the order of 10 cm and height of a few centimeters (see Fig. \ref{death-valley}) \cite{bagnold,sharp,hunter1,origin,reineck,hunter2,allen,kocurek,schenk}. A slight sand a...
1,108,101,566,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Reconnection is aprocess by which electromagnetic energy is transferred to the plasma, heating and accelerating the particles. In a magnetospheric context, this process occurs on the dayside, where closed magnetic flux is opened, and on the nights...
1,108,101,566,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} State-of-the-art nonlinear spectroscopy techniques finally enable tracking ultrafast coupled electronic-vibrational motion on its natural timescale, granting unprecedented insight into the quantum-mechanical effects ruling nanoscale physical phenomena~\cite{mukamel2000arpc, jonas2003arpc, cho...
1,108,101,566,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{uring} the process of a cascading outage in power systems, the propagation of component failures may cause serious consequences, even catastrophic blackouts \cite{r1,r2}. For the sake of effectively mitigating blackout risk, a naive way is to reduce the probability of blackouts...
1,108,101,566,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The interaction between solid objects and a surrounding fluid is at the heart of many fluid mechanics problems stemming from various fields such as physics, engineering and biology. Among other factors, the behaviour of such fluid-structure interaction systems is critically det...
1,108,101,566,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S:Intro} Let $n\geq 2$ be a fixed integer. We write $\mathbb{B}$ for the open unit ball and $\mathbb{S}$ for the unit sphere in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The closure of $\mathbb{B}$, which is the closed unit ball, is denoted by $\bar{\mathbb{B}}$. For any $x=(x_1,\ldots, x_n)$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, w...
1,108,101,566,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Extrasolar Giant Planets (EGPs) are now being discovered at an accelerating pace \citep{schneider,butler}. In particular, an increasing interest has been focused on hot Jupiters that transit their parent stars, since they represent a valuable tool to determine key physical parameters of the EGP...
1,108,101,566,191
arxiv
\section{The category of reduced orbifolds}\label{sec_redorbcat} To define an orbifold category where the objects are orbifolds and the morphisms are equivalence classes of charted orbifold maps we have to answer the following questions: \begin{enumerate}[(i)] \item \label{q1} When shall two charted orbifold maps b...
1,108,101,566,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Silica (SiO$_2$), a key constituent of Earth, terrestrial (``rocky'') and even giant planets, is an important compound for theory, basic science and technology, including as a laboratory standard for high-energy-density (HED) experiments. Its response to dynamic compression helps to determine i...
1,108,101,566,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much of the theory of random processes has been driven by the study of evolving physical systems that clearly either have no memory, or can be assumed forgetful to a good approximation. This leads naturally to models that require the Markov property in one of its forms. However, many real-worl...
1,108,101,566,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Risk averse variants of Dynamic Programming are widely studied. Our work is very close to \cite{ruszczynski2010risk} who, for a very similar setting, proves the convergence of the Value Iteration algorithm. The contribution of our work is two-fold. First, instead of complicated axiomatic definiti...
1,108,101,566,195
arxiv
\subsection{Defining the Path Integral} The transition element to be analyzed in the remainder of this paper is given in its one-dimensional form by \begin{equation} \label{one} W_{fi} = \langle \, p_f \, | \exp \left ( - i \hat{H} T / \hbar \right ) | \, q_i \, \rangle \, . \end{equation} The final state, $| \, p_f \...
1,108,101,566,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions for the Dirichlet problem \begin{equation}\label{w1} \left\{\begin{array}{ll} a\, \mbox{div} \dfrac{Du}{\sqrt{1+|Du|^2}} +b\, \dfrac{\mbox{det} D^2u}{(1+|Du|^2)^2}=\phi\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+|Du|^2}}\right), & \mbox{in $\Omega$}\\ u=0...
1,108,101,566,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum data locking (QDL) is a uniquely quantum protocol that provides one of the strongest violations of classical information theory in the quantum setting~\cite{QDL}. In QDL the knowledge of a relatively short key of constant size allows one to (un)lock an arbitrarily long message encoded i...
1,108,101,566,198
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary} \newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma} \input{./macros.tex} \begin{document} \twocolumn[ \aistatstitle{Algorithms for the Communication of Samples} \aistatsauthor{Lucas Theis \And Noureldin Yosri} \aistatsaddress{Google \And G...
1,108,101,566,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the pioneering works of Bahcall \& Soneira (\cite{bah}) and Gilmore \& Reid (\cite{gil83}), the comparison with deep star counts has been a primary method to disentangle the stellar components of the Milky Way. However, the number of parameters and the observational uncertainties involved i...
1,108,101,566,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Two ways are currently known to form planetesimals in the solar nebula or more generally in a protoplanetary disk. Either pebbles grow via sticking collisions to larger and larger bodies, which can probably only be achieved for very fluffy ice grains, otherwise fragmentation, bo...
1,108,101,566,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the byproducts of Shor's factoring algorithm \cite{shor} and Grover's searching algorithm \cite{grover96}, the quantum phase estimation algorithm \cite{kitaev} and amplitude amplification technique \cite{brassard-Amplitude-Amplification} play important roles in many quantum algorithms develop...
1,108,101,566,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{image/XLM-RA} \caption{The XeroAligned XLM-R model (called XLM-RA) for cross-lingual NLU. The XeroAlign loss is added to the otherwise unaltered training to encourage the sentence embeddings in different languages to be simil...
1,108,101,566,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A system of polynomial equations is called \emph{partition regular} if every finite colouring of the positive integers admits monochromatic non-constant\footnote{A solution $(x_{1},\ldots,x_{s})$ is \emph{non-constant} if $x_i\neq x_j$ holds for some $i\neq j$.} solutions to the system.\footno...
1,108,101,566,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $p$ be a prime integer, and $q$ a power of $p$. We work over an algebraically closed field $\Bbbk$ of charcteristic $p$. We consider a plane curve $C$ of degree $q^2+q+1$ defined by a homogeneous polynomial of the form \begin{equation} F=\sum_{i,j,k} a_{ijk} x_i x_j ^q x_k ^{q^2},\label{1...
1,108,101,566,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reflected stochastic differential equations have been introduced in the pionneering work of Skorokhod (see \cite{Sko61}), and their numerical approximations by Euler schemes have been widely studied (see \cite{Slo94}, \cite{Slo01}, \cite{Lep95}, \cite{Pet95}, \cite{Pet97}). Reflected stochastic...
1,108,101,566,206
arxiv
\section{Motivation} Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) of quarks and leptons have played an important role for almost 40 years in theoretical attempts to make sense of the apparent group structure and mass spectra of the quark and lepton matter fields and coupling strengths of the gauge and Higgs fields observed in...
1,108,101,566,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Eventhough the word {\em scattering} appears to imply {\em transport}, studies of Helmholtz scatterers have shown effects of {\em trapped} periodic orbits \cite{Predrag}. As there is nothing particular about the Helmholtz equation, similar effects are expected for wave equations for other med...
1,108,101,566,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro1} It all boils down to the following elementary inequality named after W. H. Young: if $p>1$ and $1/p+1/q=1$, then for any $\alpha,\beta\in\mathbb R^+$, $$\alpha\beta\le \frac{1}{p}\alpha^p+\frac{1}{q}\beta^q $$ with equality if and only if $\alpha^p=\beta^q$. \medskip Operator...
1,108,101,566,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Low density nuclear matter tends to be much more interesting than a simple zero density limit of the bulk physics of nuclei. Indeed, new phenomena show up and are mainly associated with the formation of bound states or with the emergence of strong correlations~\cite{bal04,sed03,bro00,bar06,hor...
1,108,101,566,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The major goal of statistical mechanics is to explain the macroscopic properties of complex systems in terms of a very small number of parameters by using probabilistic approaches. As is well known, its primary motivation was the study of thermodynamical properties of matter based on random beh...
1,108,101,566,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bitcoin is widely used, with a current market capitalization of over 120 billion USD. Given the massive level of economic activity and the potential for future growth, it is natural to ask: how confident can we be in the security and reliability of this system and its variants? While practical e...
1,108,101,566,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present study deals with an empirical analysis and mapping of Swiss franc (CHF) interest rates (IR). The complete empirical analysis includes comprehensive quantitative analysis and characterisation of daily behaviour of CHF interest rates from October 1998 to December 2005. A mapping part of...
1,108,101,566,213
arxiv
\section{Motivations, metric problem and overview of past and new results} \label{sec:intro} This paper continues the related work \cite{bright2021easily}, which provided practical motivations for a metric map of the Lattice Isometry Space and then focused on 2-dimensional lattices. Briefly, since crystal structures a...
1,108,101,566,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ESA gamma-ray observatory INTEGRAL \citep{winkler03} is dedicated to the fine spectroscopy (2.5 keV FWHM @ 1 MeV) and fine imaging (angular resolution: 12 arcmin FWHM) of celestial gamma-ray sources in the energy range 15 keV to 10 MeV with concurrent source monitoring in the X-ray (3-35 ...