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1,116,691,497,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{}
A hot and dense partonic matter has been created at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) of Brookhaven National Laboratory
\cite{White-papers}, which is thought to be a kind of perfect liquid
of quark and gluon~\cite{Gyul}. The study on the properties of this
matter is a hot issu... |
1,116,691,497,316 | arxiv | \section*{Supplementary material}
Technical details and further measurement results are shown in the supplementary material.
\section*{Acknowledgements}
We want to thank our in-house workshop for the fabrication of the waveguides.
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the E... |
1,116,691,497,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The technique of decomposing finite-volume cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds into ideal hyperbolic tetrahedra
was introduced by Thurston \cite{ThNotes} and has proved very useful for understanding these 3-manifolds.
For example, such triangulations provide an effective means of calculating geometr... |
1,116,691,497,318 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) \cite{witten81} model has
been the focus of a great deal of research due both to the fractal
\cite{plischke84, coniglio90, somfai99} and multifractal \cite{amitrano89, jensen03, somfai04} properties of the clusters it produces,
and to its underlying mathem... |
1,116,691,497,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Biomolecular binding processes involve disrupting protein-water interactions
and replacing them with direct interactions between the binding partners.
Thus, protein-water interactions influence the thermodynamics and kinetics of protein interactions~\cite{Ashbaugh:2008:JACS,shea08,levy2006water... |
1,116,691,497,320 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1918, Emmy Noether published a paper that strongly influenced
the physics of the 20th century \cite{MR2761345}. She proved
a theorem asserting that if the Lagrangian is invariant
under changes in the coordinate system, then there exists a conserved
quantity along all the Euler--Lagrange... |
1,116,691,497,321 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Planetary nebulae (PNe) are formed from highly evolved low-medium mass stars, which are in the pre- white dwarf stage. The age of PN central stars fluctuates between 0.1 to about 9 Gy (Allen et al. 1998). The chemical abundances in the nebulae are typical of the moment when the star was born, e... |
1,116,691,497,322 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The characteristics such as the non-homogeneity of the fault itself and the complex formation mechanism and its important role in the process of oil-gas development determine that the prediction of fault reservoir has always been an important subject in oil-gas exploration, and fault detection is... |
1,116,691,497,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Chondrites, the most primitive known meteorites, are the witnesses to the birth of our
solar system.
Their parent bodies, which are asteroids, formed some 4.57 billion years ago in the region
roughly 2-3 AU from the Sun
and have suffered relatively little alteration since then (Wadhwa \& Russ... |
1,116,691,497,324 | arxiv |
\section{Background}
\textbf{Infomin representation learning}. Let $X \in \mathbbm{R}^D$ be the data, $Y \in \mathbbm{R}^{D'}$ be the target we want to predict from $X$. The task we consider here is to learn some representation $Z = f(X)$ that is useful for predicting $Y$ but is uninformative about some target $T \i... |
1,116,691,497,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{daptive} beamforming aims to extract the signal from a certain direction while suppressing interference and noise. The technique has been widely used in many fields such as wireless communications, sonar and radar \cite{van2004detection}. However, standard adaptive beamformers a... |
1,116,691,497,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Fragmentation -- the internal break-up of a core into two or more fragments -- is the leading contender for how the majority of multiple stars form \citep[e.g., review by][]{Goodwin2007}. Fission and capture, two other hypotheses considered for the formation of multiple star s... |
1,116,691,497,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Let $P_n$ be the orthogonal projection of $L^{2}([0, 2\pi)$ onto the linear subspace spanned by the
functions $\{e^{i m \theta}: 0\leq m\leq n; 0\leq \theta < 2\pi\}$. For any function $f$ defined on
$[0, 2\pi)$, let $[f]$ be the linear operator corresponding to multiplication by $f$.... |
1,116,691,497,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many applications in the control of quantum systems involve
controlling a large ensemble using the same control signal
\cite{Li_Khaneja, Bernstein}. In many practical cases, the elements
of the ensemble show dispersions or variations in the parameters
which govern the dynamics of each individual... |
1,116,691,497,329 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
This appendix provides simple, illustrative examples of the use of \tool{VerifOx} and \tool{hw-cbmc}, as well as further technical details.
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.9}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.9}
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.0}
\subsection*{Worked Example of \tool{VerifOx}}
\... |
1,116,691,497,330 | arxiv |
\section{Reconstruction of Bounded-Degree Graphs (Proof of \cref{thm:general})}
\label{sec:general}
In this section, we analyze \textsc{Simple}\xspace (\cref{algo:main}) on general graphs of bounded degree in the distance query model.
Recall that a set $B$ of vertex pairs $\{a,b\}\subseteq V$ is defined in \cref{lem:B... |
1,116,691,497,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The accurate tunability of time dependent fields has allowed the access and manipulation of quantum
systems by the resonant illumination of atoms, finding interesting
effects such as the possibility of trapping the atom in a non-absorbing coherent
superposition ({\it dark state}) which is known ... |
1,116,691,497,332 | arxiv | \section{Description of the results}
In this paper, we are concerned with some qualitative properties for nonnegative {\it $p$-map} solutions $\mathcal{U}=(u_1,\dots,u_p): \mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus\{0\}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^p$ to the following fourth order system in the {\it punctured space},
\begin{equation}\label{our... |
1,116,691,497,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider finite, simple, and undirected graphs, and use standard terminology.
A graph $G$ is {\it locally connected} if for every vertex $u$ of $G$,
the subgraph $G[N_G(u)]$ of $G$ induced by the neighborhood $N_G(u)$ of $u$ in $G$ is connected.
Similarly, $G$ is {\it locally Ore} if
$... |
1,116,691,497,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
On a Riemannian manifold, the Ricci flow $g(t)$ is a family of metrics evolving along its Ricci direction:
\begin{equation}
\partial_t g(t)=-2\text{\rm Ric}(g(t)).
\end{equation}
Since its introduction by Hamilton \cite{Hamilton1982}, the Ricci flow has been used in a wide variety of settings to... |
1,116,691,497,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\quad $\,\,$ The Riemann hypothesis states that the complex zeros of the Riemann zeta function $\zeta(s)$ must all lie on
the critical line $\textrm{Re}(s)=1/2$
\cite{riem,titchmarsh,borwein,rev}. This conjecture is an unsolved problem in mathematics and
all efforts to prove it have remained un... |
1,116,691,497,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{groJ1008-57_gamma_uncertainties}
\caption{Distribution of the relative uncertainties (90\% confidence level)
of the power-law photon indices, $\Gamma$, in our study of all
\textsl{RXTE}-observations of GRO~J1008$-$57 \citep... |
1,116,691,497,337 | arxiv |
\subsection{The apparent spin-synchronism of CoRoT-Exo-4b and $\tau$-Boo}
We now turn to consider the planet CoRot-Exo-4b (\citealt{Aigrain2008},
\citealt{Moutou2008}), which is a transiting $m_{2} = 0.72 M_{J}$
planet in a $P = 9.2$ d circular orbit around a late F-type star
of mass $m_{1} = 1.16
M_{\odot}$. The s... |
1,116,691,497,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Please follow the steps outlined below when submitting your manuscript to
the IEEE Computer Society Press. This style guide now has several
important modifications (for example, you are no longer warned against the
use of sticky tape to attach your artwork to the paper), so all authors
should r... |
1,116,691,497,339 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lovelock's theory suggests that Einstein gravity can be modified with higher derivative terms, with second order equations of motion \cite{ll1,ll2}. One example of such a theory is the well-known Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. Increasing interest has been put on this sort of gravity in $4$-... |
1,116,691,497,340 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In a series of a papers, \cite{Par74,Par76,Par78} introduced the idea
of hydraulic flux concentrations at the solar surface.
Here the hydraulic device is formed by magnetic flux tubes of varying
size and pumping is accomplished by turbulence.
In these papers, he envisaged turbulent pumping (ana... |
1,116,691,497,341 | arxiv |
\section{Algorithm for approximate PMS}
\label{sec:alg}
We first find a suitable representation for rides in a high-dimensional ambient space and define a similarity measure between two rides that approximately captures the matching utility between them. We then use the asymmetric transformations of~\cite{SL15a} (fro... |
1,116,691,497,342 | arxiv | \section{Double pion photoproduction on the nucleon.}
The $\gamma N \rightarrow \pi^+ \pi^- N$ reaction is attracting attentions
of both theoretical and experimental groups and is bound to play a
significant role in photonuclear reactions much as the
$\gamma N \rightarrow \pi N$ played in the past.
Apart from the wo... |
1,116,691,497,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Gaussian graphical model is commonly used for describing the joint distribution of multiple random variables (Lauritzen, 1996).
The graph structure induced by this model not only delineates the conditional dependence between these variables, but also is critical for improving estimation pre... |
1,116,691,497,344 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The X-ray emitting gas at the centers of clusters of galaxies can have
very short cooling times. Without a heating source this gas should cool and
condense at rates of up to thousands of solar masses per year. However, high resolution
X-ray spectroscopy has been unable to detect large
quantiti... |
1,116,691,497,345 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Economic data often contain large clusters such as countries, regions, villages, or firms. Units within these clusters can be expected to influence one another or are influenced by the same political, environmental, sociological, or technical shocks. Several analytical and computer-intensive ... |
1,116,691,497,346 | arxiv | \section{Brownian motion with respect to time-changing Riemannian metrics}
Let $M$ be a $d$-dimensional differentiable manifold, $\pi: \mathcal F(M) \to M$ the frame bundle and $(g(t))_{t \in [0,T]}$
a family of Riemannian metrics on $M$ depending smoothly on $t$ such that $(M, g(t))$ is geodesically complete for all ... |
1,116,691,497,347 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Integral quantum Hall effect in a planar electron
system is a beautiful manifestation of topological
effects in physics. Whenever the Fermi level is in
an energy gap, the quantized Hall conductance is known
to be a topological invariant at the microscopic level.
\cite{tknn,mkan... |
1,116,691,497,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dark Energy is the dominant component of our
Universe, if future observations will establish that its equation of state differ from the one of a Cosmological Constant
contribution, then
we have a case for modifying GR at large
distances and massive gravity can be a compelling candidate. Great... |
1,116,691,497,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:Introduction}
It is well-known that, for a spectrally negative L\'evy process $X$ \cite[Chapter~VII]{bertoin} \cite[Section~9.46]{sato}, fluctuation theory in terms of the two families of scale functions, $(W^{(q)})_{q\in [0,\infty)}$ and $(Z^{(q)})_{q\in[0,\infty)}$, has been devel... |
1,116,691,497,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{W}{ireless} sensor networks (WSNs) have drawn prominent research interests from both academia and industry in recent years and have been envisioned as key technologies for Internet-of-Things (IoTs) \cite{Razzaque2016Middleware}.
With a massive number of sensors deployed in a net... |
1,116,691,497,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Surgical phase recognition is an important step for analyzing and optimizing surgical workflow and has been an important area of research within the computer-assisted interventions (CAI) community. Real-time surgical phase recognition technology is essential for developing context-aware systems,... |
1,116,691,497,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently a rapid progress\cite{Novo,Zha,Cai,Kato} has been made in the
fabrication of graphene nanoribbons\cite{Fuj,Neto,Brey,Son,Yang,Lee} .
They have a great potential for spintronic applications, where
electronic many-body interactions may play a significant
role\cite{Son,Yang,Lee}. Nano... |
1,116,691,497,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, spacetimes whose geometry changes with the probed scale have been introduced (see \cite{frc1,frc2,frc6,frc7} and references therein). Dynamics is defined through an action of the form $S=\intd\varrho(x)\,\mathcal{L}$, where $\varrho(x)$ is a Lebesgue--Stieltjes measure with anomalous s... |
1,116,691,497,354 | arxiv |
\section{I.~Clebsch-Gordan coefficients}
Upon addition of a quasi-particle to a cluster, the probabilities to realize a state with a total spin $S'$ and spin projection $S'_z$ are determined by the corresponding Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for combining the spin $S$ of the existing cluster with the spin $1/2$ of the i... |
1,116,691,497,355 | arxiv | \section{Quantum erasure channel with maximally entangled inputs}
We show that the fidelity would decrease exponentially with the number of channel uses for
rates above capacity for maximally entangled inputs that have the full Schmidt rank.
A quantum erasure channel transmits the input state with probability $1-p$ a... |
1,116,691,497,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graded Lie algebras or Lie superalgebras ({\it i.e.} algebras having commuting
and anti-commuting generators) were at one time considered as models for a
more complete unified electroweak theory \cite{dondi} \cite{neeman} \cite{fairlie}
\cite{squires} \cite{taylor1} as well as Grand Unified Theo... |
1,116,691,497,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Networks are ubiquitous in the real world, and many real-world datasets take the form of networks such as social networks, citation networks, language networks and biological networks. Generally, networks can be divided into two categories: structural networks \cite{wang2016structural,xie2019tpn... |
1,116,691,497,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In cool stars, which possess a convective envelope, magnetism is thought
to be constantly regenerated against ohmic decay by dynamo effect. For
Sun-like stars the interface layer between the inner radiative zone and the
outer convective envelope is generally thought to play a major role in the
... |
1,116,691,497,359 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{N}{owadays}, both carrier frequency and direction of arrival (DOA) are needed in some applications, such as Cognitive Radio (CR) aiming at solving the spectral congestion \cite{Haykin2005, Yucek2009, Mishali2011a, Sun2013, Cohen2014}. The most important function of CRs is to autono... |
1,116,691,497,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The space of stability conditions $\Stab(\D)$ of a triangulated category $\D$ was introduced in \cite{B}. As a set it has a description as the pairs $(\A, Z)$ where $\A$ is the heart of a t-structure on $\D$, and $Z: K(\A) \isom K(\D) \to \C$ is a stability function on $\A$ known as the centr... |
1,116,691,497,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The creation and manipulation of quantum entanglement is central to developing powerful quantum technologies~\cite{QC_Preskill,AtomInt_Cronin}. In particular, precision measurements can greatly benefit from exploiting quantum entanglements~\cite{LIGO_Tse,Gradiometry_Hardman} because non-classic... |
1,116,691,497,362 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Objective of the Super Charm-Tau factory at Novosibirsk is to study the rare decays of D-meson, $\tau$-lepton, unobserved $\tau$ decays etc. Collider has an energy range of 2-7\,GeV in the center of mass system (CMS) and luminosity $10^{35}$\,cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$~\cite{a}. The broad physics program... |
1,116,691,497,363 | arxiv | \section{Methods} \label{sec:methods}
\subsection{Model description}
We use the isopycnic general circulation model BLOM (Bergen Layered Ocean
Model), which was originally developed from the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate
Ocean Model (MICOM\@) \citep{bentsen2013}.
We use the model within the framework of the... |
1,116,691,497,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper \cite{Gurdogan:2015csr}, a certain limit is applied to the $\gamma_i$-deformation
of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM theory \cite{Frolov:2005dj}, and the authors claim
that the resulting non-unitary
theory is conformal in the planar limit where the number $N$ of
colors is sent to ... |
1,116,691,497,365 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is growing scientific interest in understanding functional and structural organizations of the human brain from a large scale of multimodal brain imaging data. In medical imaging analysis, one of the popular ways for this task is to explore brain regional connections (i.e., brain networks) ... |
1,116,691,497,366 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:Introduction}
The Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) formalism provides an alternative to more conventional statistical mechanics approaches by offering a convenient jumping off point for thinking about problems that are not within the purview of equilibrium statistical mechanics. For non-... |
1,116,691,497,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Metamaterials, which consist of artificial elements (so-called metaatoms or metamolecules) usually
arranged in a periodic pattern, have been playing an increasingly important r\^{o}le in
applications in which they emulate physical properties that otherwise cannot be achieved with
na... |
1,116,691,497,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The introduction of convolutional neural network (CNN) has brought forth unprecedented performance increase for classification problems in many different domains including RGB, RGBD, and hyperspectral images.~\cite{SGuptaECCV2014,RGirshickTPAMI2016,KHeCVPR2016,HLeeIGARSS2016,HL... |
1,116,691,497,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Local search is one of the most widely used approaches to solving hard
optimization problems. The basic idea of local search is that one
tries to iteratively improve a current solution by searching for
better solutions in its ($k$-)neighborhood (i.e., within distance $k$
from it). Any optimi... |
1,116,691,497,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The principles of self-organization (SO), implying the autonomous increase of order in a system, is omnipresent in technological and biological entities \cite{nicolis_self_org,cross_pattern}.
Typically, SO is driven by gradients in thermodynamic potentials so that corresponding processes occ... |
1,116,691,497,371 | arxiv | \section{#1}%
\renewcommand*{\thesection}{\Alph{section}}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{frontmatter}
\title{A New Polar Decomposition \\ in a Scalar Product Space}
\author{Xuefang Sui\fnref{e1}}
\author{Paolo Gondolo\fnref{e2}}
\fntext[e1]{{\it Email address:} xuefang.sui@utah.edu}
\fntext[e2]{{\it Email address:... |
1,116,691,497,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_{\mu}$ is an effective operator of dimension five
\begin{eqnarray}{\label{amu}}
\mathcal{L}\supset \frac{e}{4m_{\mu}}a_{\mu} \bar{u}\sigma_{\rho\lambda} u F^{\rho\lambda},
\end{eqnarray}
where $e$ is the electric charge, $m_{\mu}$ is the muon mass, $\sigma^{\... |
1,116,691,497,373 | arxiv | \subsection*{Acknowledgements}
The work in France was supported by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche
(TRANSHYPERO project) and was granted access to the HPC resources of
[TGCC/CINES/IDRIS] under the allocation 2017-A0010907682 made by GENCI.
The work at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was supported by LANL
LDRD ... |
1,116,691,497,374 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A distributed system is abstracted as a set of entities (nodes, processes, agents, etc) that communicate with each other using a communication medium.
The two most used communication media are communication channels (message-passing system) and shared memory (read/write operations).
Programmin... |
1,116,691,497,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec1:intro}
Red early-type and blue late-type galaxies are two distinct populations in the color-magnitude diagrams from the local universe to $z \sim 3$, which are connected with stellar mass and kinematics \citep{York+2000,Strateva+2001,Stoughton+2002,Wyder+2007,Whitaker+2011,Tomczak+20... |
1,116,691,497,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^n$ it is well-known hat the Laplace operator $\Delta$ is invariant under orthogonal transformations. Hence $\mathbb R^n$ has the property that the Laplacian of a radial function (function depending only on the distance to the origin) is still radial. Then, is a ... |
1,116,691,497,377 | arxiv | \section{Particle on a segment}
The quantum stationary states and possible values of energy
of the particle on the segment of a line is given by the Schr\" odinger equation
\begin{equation} \label{sche}
-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{{\rm d}^2\psi(x)}{{\rm d}x^2}=E\psi(x)
\end{equation}
and boundary conditions
\begin{equati... |
1,116,691,497,378 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last decade, gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger were
successfully detected by LIGO and Virgo \cite{Abbott:2016blz}, and
subsequently the first image of a supermassive black hole at the center of
galaxy M87 was photographed by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
\cite{... |
1,116,691,497,379 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
\vspace{-1mm}
With the progress in recent years of quenched simulations of QCD,
deviations of the quenched hadron spectrum from experiment
are being uncovered.
For heavy quark systems precise calculations with NRQCD have shown
that the fine structure of quarkonium spectra c... |
1,116,691,497,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, the opposite deformations between proton
and neutron densities in C isotopes were theoretically suggested
\cite{Enyo1,Enyo3} by the method of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics
(AMD) : The proton density has an oblate deformation, while the neutron
density has a prolate deformation, and... |
1,116,691,497,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reading comprehension (RC) is a widely studied topic in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to its value in human-machine interaction.
In past relevant research, a variety of large-scale RC datasets were proposed, e.g., \textsc{CNN/DailyMail}~\cite{cnndaily}, \textsc{SQuAD}~\cite{squad}, \text... |
1,116,691,497,382 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Variational Inference (VI) \cite{blei2017variational, wainwright2008graphical, zhang2017advances} is a method to do approximate inference on a target distribution $p(z) = \unnorm p(z) / Z$ that is only known up to the normalization constant $Z$. The basic insights are, first, ... |
1,116,691,497,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Face recognition has many applications in the fields of image processing and computer vision; advancements in related technologies allow its efficient and accurate integration in many areas from individual face recognition for unlocking a mobile device to crowd surveillance. Compan... |
1,116,691,497,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Accelerated expansion of the universe and related concept of dark energy are among the most important concepts of modern cosmology. Cosmological studies before the discovery of the accelerated expansion of our universe were mainly focused at constraining the expansion rat... |
1,116,691,497,385 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Stellar spectra contain a wealth of information on the photospheres of
stars, including their chemical makeup. In spite of decades of measuring and studying stellar spectra,
we have a very limited knowledge of how many stars with a given chemical composition exist
in the Galaxy. La... |
1,116,691,497,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A rich sentiment analysis corpus is crucial in creating a good sentiment analyzer. Unfortunately, low-resource languages like Indonesian lack such resources. Some prior studies focused on enriching low-resource languages \cite{nasution2018PHMT,nasution2016pivot,nasution2017pivot,nasution2017plan,... |
1,116,691,497,387 | arxiv | \section{}
\vspace{-2em}
\noindent
The magnetic field is a key ingredient in the recipe of star formation. However, the importance of the magnetic field in the early stages of the formation of low- and high-mass stars is still far from certain. Over the past two decades, the millimeter and submillimeter interferomet... |
1,116,691,497,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graph sequences with limits that can be represented by an unbounded, $L^p$ kernel for some $p<\infty$ arise naturally from various random graph models, among others the dense Preferential Attachment Graph random multigraph model. The second author showed in \cite{KKD} that even if all densities o... |
1,116,691,497,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Unless specified otherwise, `sequence in $X$' means finite sequence whose terms are elements in the set $X$. For ${\bf f} := \langle x_0,x_1,\ldots,x_k\rangle$ a sequence, $x_i<_{\bf f} x_j$ \ iff \
$0\le i<j\le k$, and $x_i\le_{\bf f} x_j$ \ iff \ $0\le i\le j\le k$.
For $n$ a positi... |
1,116,691,497,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Background}
Key exchange mechanisms (KEMs) play a critical role in the security of the internet and other communication systems. They allow two remote entities to securely agree on a symmetric key without explicit sharing, which can be subsequently used to establish an encrypted session. The c... |
1,116,691,497,391 | arxiv |
\section{State-changing parallel transport}\label{sec:transport}
Let us apply the formalism above to a parallel transport process that modifies not the location of the entangling interval, but rather the state of the system. For definiteness, we work on the AdS$_3$ cylinder with a choice of time slice in the boundary... |
1,116,691,497,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\paragraph{Polynomial interpolation problem.} The classical polynomial
interpolation problem starts with a set of data points,
$(a_1, b_1)$, \dots, $(a_{n+1},$ $b_{n+1})$, where $a_i, b_i\in\mathbb{Q}$, $a_i\neq a_j$
for $i\neq j$, and asks for
a univariate polynomial $f\in ... |
1,116,691,497,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec.1}
The thermal conductivity of insulating (dielectric) crystals is
computed almost exclusively on the basis of the phonon Boltzmann
equation. We refer to \cite{HS} for a discussion more complete
than possible in this contribution. On the microscopic level the
starting point is the Born-... |
1,116,691,497,394 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ingrained notion that light travels along a straight line was first defied in 2007 by Siviloglou {\it et al.} \cite{Siviloglou2007a}, who introduced a novel kind of light beam with the ability to self-accelerate along a parabolic trajectory upon free space propagation \cite{Siviloglou2007b}. ... |
1,116,691,497,395 | arxiv | \section{'Twas Brillig, and the Slithy Toves}
Recently, unsupervised language models like $\mathrm{BERT}$ \citep{devlin-etal-2019-bert} have become popular within natural language processing (NLP).
These pre-trained sentence encoders, known affectionately as $\mathrm{BERT}$oids \citep{rogers-etal-2020-primer}, have pu... |
1,116,691,497,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The motion of homogeneous incompressible ideal fluid in a domain
$\Omega \subset \Bbb R^n $ is described by the following system of
Euler equations.
\[
\mathrm{ (E)}
\left\{ \aligned
&\frac{\partial v}{\partial t} +(v\cdot \nabla )v =-\nabla p,
\quad (x,t)\in {\Ome... |
1,116,691,497,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S1}
Ultracold atomic gases have been widely explored from both experimental and
theoretical point of view due to their ability to emulate many effects from
condensed-matter physics and create novel states of quantum matter. Various
results obtained in this area have been reviewed in many... |
1,116,691,497,398 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:intro-1}
The study of the separation property for Schr\"odinger operators on $\RR^n$ was initiated through
the work of Everitt and Giertz in \cite{Everitt-Giertz77}. We recall that the expression $-\Delta + V$ in $L^p(\RR^n)$
is \textit{separated} if the following property is satisfied: ... |
1,116,691,497,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\indent Gowdy models are $U(1)\times U(1)$ symmetry reductions with
many interesting applications in cosmology and quantum gravity,
since they provide inhomogeneous systems with local degrees of
freedom and invariance under a certain class of diffeomorphisms
\cite{Gowdy:1971jh}.
\indent The ex... |
1,116,691,497,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:SI_framework}
There is a growing wave towards personalized decision-making, where the aim is to select the optimal intervention for each unit from a collection of interventions.
In policy evaluation, for instance, one may want to design a governmental policy (intervention) that is part... |
1,116,691,497,401 | arxiv | \section{Background}
A key item in the Mk\,IV upgrade of the EVN was the construction
of the EVN Mk\,IV data processor at the Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE).
JIVE is hosted by ASTRON in Dwingeloo, the Netherlands, and is funded by
science councils of a number of European countries. Special projects have... |
1,116,691,497,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For solving constrained optimal-control problems, we need to face the following issue: in general, the cost-to-go function of the unconstrained problem is quite different from the one that shapes the constraints. An efficient solution can be achieved by combining the two functions via merging \ci... |
1,116,691,497,403 | arxiv | \section{\vspace*{-4pt}Introduction} \label{introduction}
From the WMAP polarization results (Kogut \etal 2003), population III stars
likely existed at z$\simeq$20. These massive stars (\cge 250\Mo) are expected to
produce a large population of black holes (BH; \Mbh\cge 150\Mo; Madau \& Rees
2001). Since there is now ... |
1,116,691,497,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The direct search for physics beyond the Standard Model(SM) has been unsuccessful thus far. There have been anomalies in some of the observables in the flavour sector, with deviations from the SM predictions at the level of few
sigma~\cite{Ligeti}. In fact, the presence of New Physics(NP) at p... |
1,116,691,497,405 | arxiv | \section{Findings}
\label{sec:findiings}
Using the above described classifiers, we conduct an exploratory analysis on the \#WhyIDidntReport movement data. The data collection method for the \#WhyIDidntReport has been explained in Section~\ref{sec:data_collection}. The whole corpus had $37K$ tweets of which about $11K$ ... |
1,116,691,497,406 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
The measurement of the first moment of the proton's spin-dependent structure function
$g_{1}^{p}$ by the European Muon Collaboration
(EMC) \cite{EMCg1p:PLB1988,EMCg1p:NPB1989}
revealed a discrepancy from the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule
\cite{EllisJaffe:PRD1974,EllisJaffeCorr:NP... |
1,116,691,497,407 | arxiv | \part{Supplementary Materials}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\setcounter{table}{0}
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\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\theequation}{S\arabic{equation}}
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\renewcommand{\bibnumfmt}[1]{[S#1]}
\renewcommand{\citenumfont}[1]{S#1}
\pagestyle{empty}
... |
1,116,691,497,408 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pairwise comparisons (PCs) take place when we somehow compare two entities (objects or abstract concepts). According to \cite{HHPRD}, Raymond Llull is credited for the first documented use of pairwise comparisons in ``A system for the election of persons'' (\textit{Artifitium electionis persona... |
1,116,691,497,409 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\end{eqnarray}}{\end{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\... |
1,116,691,497,410 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Over the past decade, gravitational lensing \citep{Bartelmann01} has emerged as one of the most powerful tools to study gravity and the dark sectors of the Universe, dark matter and dark energy, through the impact of these components on the density fluctuations of matter and their e... |
1,116,691,497,411 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec.intro}
Following the first detection of an exoplanetary atmosphere around the hot-Jupiter HD209458 b \citep{Charbonneau2001}, there has been a plethora of studies aimed at better understanding the atmospheres of exoplanets. Whether a planet can retain an atmosphere for a significant ti... |
1,116,691,497,412 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The developments of radioactive-ion beams in the mid-80s, has permitted the exploration of the nuclear chart far from stability.
Various unexpected features have been uncovered thanks to this technical breakthrough.
Halo nuclei are of particular interest here as they exhibit a strongly clusterise... |
1,116,691,497,413 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although their origin is unclear, ultra-high energy cosmic rays
(UHECRs) have often been posited to come from radio galaxies, the subclass of
active galactic nuclei (AGN) that are luminous at radio frequencies.
One fundamental reason for this
is that radio galaxies allow the \cite{hillas_origin... |
1,116,691,497,414 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) have been fundamental to the development of our understanding of the formation and development of the Universe. Starting with the COBE satellite (Boggess et al., 1992) which provided the first detection of the intrinsic CMB te... |
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