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1,116,691,497,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $W$ be a Weyl group and $S$ be a set of Coxeter generators of $W$. Consider the Bruhat order with respect to $S$. Let $J$ be a subset of $S$ and $x,y,u \in W$. In \cite{MazMrd}, V. Mazorchuk and R. Mr{\dj}en prove that, if the intersection of the Bruhat interval $[x,y]$ with the parabolic ... |
1,116,691,497,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: photon number splitting attacks and decoy-state protocols}
Quantum key distribution (QKD)~\cite{Wie83,BB84,Eke91,Ben92} allows two parties, Alice and Bob, to establish
a common and secret key $S$ that is informationally secure; see~\cite{May01,SP00,Ren05}
and references therein. A widely used se... |
1,116,691,497,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This work, inspired by \cite{krugelmobileagent,irarandomagents,brandesnetanalysis}, considers roving agents' numerical characterization, challenging ad hoc pervasive and trustworthy networks. Agents are autonomous, moving, and intelligent software structures capable to play a sensitive role in a... |
1,116,691,497,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\input{sections/01_intro_mlsb}
\section{Approach}
\label{sec:approach}
\input{sections/02_approach_mlsb}
\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}
\input{sections/03_results_mlsb}
\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:outro}
\input{sections/04_outro_mlsb}
\begin{ack} We thank Mike Dun... |
1,116,691,497,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding color confinement
in the framework of QCD is one of the most challenging
non-perturbative problems of strong interaction.
Center vortices offer an appealing picture of confinement
\cite{'tHooft:1978hy,Mack:1979rq,Greensite:2003bk}.
The vortex picture of the QCD vacuum was pr... |
1,116,691,497,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A fundamental problem in information processing is to transmit a message correctly via a noisy channel,
where the noisy channel is mathematically described by a probabilistic relation between input and output symbols.
To address this problem, we employ channel coding, which is composed of two par... |
1,116,691,497,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A major challenge in the current ``big-data era'' is to extract signals from huge databases. Often, an applied researcher proceeds in a two-step fashion: First, in order to decide whether there is any signal in the data at all, one performs an aggregate test of the global null hypothesis of no s... |
1,116,691,497,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(M,g,\mathcal F)$ and $(M',g',\mathcal F')$ be foliated Riemannian manifolds and $\phi:M\to M'$ be a smooth foliated map (i.e., $\phi$ is a smooth leaf-preserving map). Let $Q$ be the normal bundle of $\mathcal F$ and $d_{T}\phi=d\phi|_{Q}$, the restriction of $d\phi$ on the normal bundle $... |
1,116,691,497,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $n$ and $k$ be integers with $1\leq k\leq n.$ Write $[n]=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ and denote by ${[n]\choose k}$ the family of all $k$-subsets of $[n].$ For any positive integer $t$, a family $\mathcal{F}\subseteq {[n]\choose k}$ is said to be \emph{$t$-intersecting} if $|A \cap B|\geq t$ for all $... |
1,116,691,497,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{introduction}}
The existence of two classes of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) differing in
observed durations and spectral properties has been established for some
time
\citep[e.g.][]{1981Ap&SS..80..119M,1984Natur.308..434N,1992AIPC..265....3H}.
These populations were quantified using the Burst an... |
1,116,691,497,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{Sec1}}
The Casimir force \cite{Cas48} between uncharged metallic plates
attracts considerable attention as a macroscopic manifestation of
the quantum vacuum \cite{Mil94,Mos97,Mil01,Kar99,Bor01}. With the
development of microtechnologies, which routinely control the
separation between bodies... |
1,116,691,497,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Discovering statistically significant variables in high dimensional data is an important problem for many applications such as bioinformatics, materials informatics, and econometrics, to name a few.
To achieve this, for example in a regression model, data analysts often attempt ... |
1,116,691,497,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Statement of Results}
In 1946 Paul Erd\H os \cite{E1} posed the following question:
given a finite subset $P$ of
${\mathbb {R}}^2$ or ${\mathbb {R}}^3$, what is the maximum number of pairs $(p_1 ,p_2 )$ with $p_1 ,p_2 \in P$ and $|p_1 -p_2 |=1$?
The Erd\H os unit distance conjecture in ${\m... |
1,116,691,497,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) method is a successful
technique for simulating large low-dimensional quantum mechanical
systems \cite{dmrg}. Developed for computing ground states of 1D
Hamiltonians, it is equivalent to a variational ansatz known as Matrix
Product States (MPS) \c... |
1,116,691,497,629 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}\
Partial actions of groups have been introduced in the theory of
operator algebras as a general approach to study $C^{*}$-algebras by
partial isometries (see, in particular, \cite{E1} and \cite{E3}),
and crossed products classically, as well-pointed out in
\cite{DES1}, are the center of the ric... |
1,116,691,497,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Perovskite manganites with a composition of $R_{1-x}$$A_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ ($R$ stands for a rare-earth ion, $A$ an alkaline earth ion, $x$ the band filling) as illustrated in Fig.~1(a) exhibit a wide variety of ordered structures in spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom depending on the band ... |
1,116,691,497,631 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The measurement of the top quark-antiquark pair (\ttbar) cross section provides a test of the hadro\-production
of top quark pairs as predicted by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). At the CERN LHC, measurements have been performed
in many different decay channels and at thre... |
1,116,691,497,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the context of higher dimensional field theories, topological defects have been used to explain localization
of matter on four-dimensional branes. If one considers a scalar field defined on a non trivial vaccum, with
the shape of a kink centered on the brane, it is well known that massles... |
1,116,691,497,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many problems plague big cities, including transportation, pollution, security, and public safety. With the proliferation of mobile devices and availability of more datasets, there is great potential to revisit these problems and introduce more efficient solutions. As a start, in this study, we s... |
1,116,691,497,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of a 'negative' viscosity in dispersions of ferromagnetic particles in a nonpolar solvent is a curious phenomenon which has recently been discovered. It was predicted by Shliomis and Morozov$^{\ref{bib:shliomis}}$ and corroborated experimentally by Bacri $\it{et\; al.}$$^{\ref{bib:... |
1,116,691,497,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $f \colon [0,1] \rar \mathbb{R}^{+}$ be an arbitrary function and consider the relation $\mathbf{E}_{f}$ on $[0,1]^{\omega}$ defined by setting, for every $(x_{n})_{n < \omega}, (y_{n})_{n < \omega} \in [0,1]^{\omega}$, \Keq\label{def} (x_{n}) \mathbf{E}_{f} (y_{n}) \Leftrightarrow \sum_{n ... |
1,116,691,497,636 | arxiv | \section{Pulsar Timing Arrays for Gravitational Wave Detection}
Exactly a hundred years after Einstein's formulation of general relativity, we are on the verge of finding the ``holy grail" that would open a new window on the universe: gravitational waves (GWs). In addition to Earth-based interferometers such as LIGO a... |
1,116,691,497,637 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with flat bands has opened an avenue to explore abundant phenomena, for instance, localized and correlated states\cite{pnas2011moire,cao2018correlated,nature2019fulltb}, unconventional superconductivity\cite{cao2018unconventional,science2019tuning}, and electronic ... |
1,116,691,497,638 | arxiv | \section{Results}
We start with a compact differentiable
manifold $M$ equipped with a
Riemannian metric $g$ resp. a
non-reversible Finsler metric $f.$
Then the corresponding \emph{norm}
$\|v\|$ of a tangent vector $v$ is defined
by $\|v\|^2=g(v,v)$ resp. $\|v\|=f(v).$
In the following we use as common notation... |
1,116,691,497,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has recently been renewed interest in the possibility of `texture' zeros
in the fermion mass matrices~\cite{Ludl:2014axa,Ferreira:2014vna,Ludl:2015lta}.
Texture zeros are well grounded in renormalizable field theories,
since they can always be implemented
through models with suitable Abeli... |
1,116,691,497,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solar flares, prominence/filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CME) are the
three most intense solar activities. The high-speed magnetized plasma contained in
magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) released during these solar activities may interact with the
magnetosphere and ionosphere, and se... |
1,116,691,497,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The internet has evolved to become one of the main sources of textual information for many people. Through social media, reviews, and comment sections across the internet, people are continuously consuming information through text. With this, racially biased content has become more entrenched wit... |
1,116,691,497,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interplay of the strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in Rashba materials~\cite{manchon2015new} and Coulomb electron-electron (e-e) repulsion leads to a bunch of qualitatively new physical effects, including the emergence of new correlated states~\cite{PhysRevB.85.035116,PhysRevB.89.155103,Phy... |
1,116,691,497,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sc:intro}
MoEDAL (Monopole and Exotics Detector at the LHC)~\cite{moedal-web,moedal-tdr}, the $7^{\rm th}$ experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)~\cite{LHC}, was approved by the CERN Research Board in 2010. It is designed to search for manifestations of new physics through highly-io... |
1,116,691,497,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Blazars are radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic
jets aligned close to our line of sight \citep[e.g.,][]{blandford78}.
With very few exceptions \citep[e.g., 4C+55.17;][]{4C55.17}
they exhibit variable emission at all wavelengths, from radio to
$\gamma$ rays, on time scales as... |
1,116,691,497,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Outflows from the edges of active regions have become a focus of many studies since they were noted in early observations
from Hinode \citep{Kosugi2007}. These outflows are of great interest because of their likely contribution to the slow solar wind
\citep{Sakao2007,Harra2008,Doschek2008}. Upfl... |
1,116,691,497,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In computer aided ECG signal analysis, many of the ECG interpretation problems are solved but there are still doubts if those methods are really useful for practical purposes. Big advancement were made in noise removal, heartbeat detection (QRS detectors), heart rate variability (HRV) analysis an... |
1,116,691,497,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A fundamental postulate of quantum theory is that the Hamiltonian of an isolated system is Hermitian. This Hermiticity ensures real eigenvalues and a coherent, unitary time evolution for the system. This conventional wisdom was upended two decades ago by Carl Bender and co-workers, who showed th... |
1,116,691,497,648 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Isolation Lemma by Mulmuley, Vazirani, and Vazirani~\cite{MVV87}
states that for any given family of subsets of a ground set $E$, if we assign random
weights (bounded in magnitude by poly($\abs{E}$)) to the elements of $E$ then, with high probability, the minimum weight
set in the family i... |
1,116,691,497,649 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsubsection*{Code-Based Signature Schemes.}
It is a long standing open problem to build an efficient and secure
digital signature scheme based on the hardness of decoding a linear
code which could compete with widespread schemes like DSA or
RSA. Those signature schemes are well known to be b... |
1,116,691,497,650 | arxiv | \section{\protect\bigskip Introduction and main results\label{intro}}
Quadratic differentials appear in many areas of mathematics and mathematical
physics such as orthogonal polynomials, moduli spaces of algebraic curves,
univalent functions, asymptotic theory of linear ordinary differential
equations etc...
O... |
1,116,691,497,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-label learning \cite{LearningFML} aims to find a mapping from the feature space $\mathcal X\subseteq \mathbb R^p$ to the label vector space $\mathcal Y\subseteq \{0,1\}^k$, wherein $k$ is the number of labels and $y_i=1$ denotes the sample belongs to label $i$. Binary relevance (BR) \cit... |
1,116,691,497,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pursuit-evasion games have a long history, especially in the setup of \emph{differential games} \cite{Is65,Ji15,Le94,Pa70,Pe93}. Differential games with more pursuers were also introduced in the 1970s, see, e.g. \cite{HaBr74,Ch76,Ps76,LePa85} or a more recent paper \cite{FeIbAlSa20} and refere... |
1,116,691,497,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mathematical models based on ideas from physics can improve our
understanding of the characteristics of crowds and give useful
insights into their dynamics. From a more practical point of view
such models have applications e.g.\ in safety analysis of large
public events where they may help p... |
1,116,691,497,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Domain walls (DW) form a frontier region between adjacent ferromagnetic domains with different direction of magnetization. Their internal structure depends on the competition between the local exchange and anisotropy and the non-local dipolar field\cite{Hubert}. When reducing the size of the obj... |
1,116,691,497,655 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The state complexity of a rational language is the size of its minimal automaton and the state complexity of a rational operation is the maximal one of those languages obtained by applying this operation onto languages of fixed state complexities.
The classical approach is to compute an uppe... |
1,116,691,497,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The use of a wavelet transform (WT) as an X-ray detection
algorithm was pioneered by Rosati et al.\ (1995; 1998)
for the detection of extended sources in the Roentgen Satellite ({\it ROSAT\/})
Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) fields
and subsequently adopted by many groups
(\c... |
1,116,691,497,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Throughout the following considerations, let
\begin{align}
p(x):=\sum\nolimits_{i=0}^n a_i x^i\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\text{, with }|a_i|<2^\tau\text{ and }\tau\in N_{\ge 1},\label{polyf}
\end{align}
be a (not necessarily square-free) polynomial of degree $n$ with integer coefficients of bi... |
1,116,691,497,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Retinal fundus image analysis is crucial for ophthalmologist to deal with the medical diagnosis, screening and treatment of opthalmologic diseases. The morphology of the optic disk (OD) and optic cup (OC) is an important structural indicator for assessing the presence and severity of retinal dis... |
1,116,691,497,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\revB{Wave propagation simulations, governed by the Helmholtz equation, in bounded heterogeneous and unbounded homogenous media are fundamental for numerous applications~\cite{KressColton,Ihlenburg:1998,nedlec:book}.}}
{\revB{Finite element methods (FEM) are efficient for simulating the Helmho... |
1,116,691,497,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{se:introduction}}
In the perturbative construction of Einstein-Hilbert (EH) gravity on four dimensional spacetime one splits the metric $g^{\mu\nu}$ into a background $\hat{g}^{\mu\nu}$ and oscillations $h^{\mu\nu}$ around it which are quantized.
Back in the 1970's quite a few attempts were... |
1,116,691,497,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hybrid metal-organic perovskite semiconductors such as methylammonium lead iodide CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$ (MAPbI3) have emerged as promising new materials for photovoltaic devices and optoelectronics. The power conversion efficiency of solar cells based on perovskite materials exceeded 20\% within e... |
1,116,691,497,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
High harmonic generation (HHG) is a nonlinear phenomenon in which atoms interacting
with an intense laser pulse emit photons whose frequencies are integer multiples of
the driving laser frequency. The emphatic motivation is the generation of spatially
and temporally coherent ... |
1,116,691,497,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Introduction}
Given a { general channel} $b$ over which the uniform $X$ source is \emph{directly} communicated within distortion $D$.
This means the following:
Let the source input space be $\mathcal X$ and the source reproduction space be $\mathcal Y$. { $\mathcal X$ and $\mathcal Y... |
1,116,691,497,664 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A magnetic obstacle is a region in the flow of an electrically
conducting fluid, e.g. liquid metal, where an external
inhomogeneous magnetic field, ${\bf B}$, is applied as shown in
Fig.~\ref{Fig:IntroductoryMO}$a$. The region of the magnetic
obstacle manifests itself through the braking Lorentz ... |
1,116,691,497,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory of superconductivity, originating in~\cite{GL}, provides a phenomenological, macroscopic, description of the response of a superconductor to an applied magnetic field. Several years after it was introduced, it turned out that it could be derived from the microscop... |
1,116,691,497,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Since early 2020, the world has been grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. At the time of writing, there have been more than 250 million confirmed infections while more than five million have succumbed to the virus or related comp... |
1,116,691,497,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Quantum computing has the properties of superposition and entanglement, which grants quantum speedup for certain problems \cite{alexeev2021quantum, ding2020quantum, gokhale2020optimization, niu2020hardware}. Compared with classical computing, exponential speedup has been demonstrated... |
1,116,691,497,668 | arxiv |
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro}
Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN)~\cite{ester1996dbscan} is a typical density based clustering method that determines the cluster structure according to the tightness of the sample distribution.
It automatically determines the number of final ... |
1,116,691,497,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The location and nature of the QCD phase transition has been extensively
studied using lattice techniques with various different fermion actions
\cite{Cheng:2006qk,Bernard:2004je,Aoki:2006br,Chen:2000zu}.
Recently, the most detailed studies of the transition temperature have been
performed ... |
1,116,691,497,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we propose a sequential optimality condition, associated to the weak
stationarity condition presented in our previous work \cite{KrulikovskiRibeiroSachine20aX},
designed to deal with {\em Mathematical Programs with Cardinality Constraints} (MPCaC)
given by
\begin{equation}
... |
1,116,691,497,671 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec1}}
Since the first gravitational wave (GW) signal GW150914 was detected by Advanced LIGO in 2015 \cite{2016prl_GW150914},
Advanced LIGO and later Advanced Virgo have detected more and more GWs sourced from compact binary coalescences\cite{2017prl_GW170817,2021apjl_NSBH, 2016prx_LIGO_O1... |
1,116,691,497,672 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
\subsection{Background}
Let $G = (V,E)$ be a random graph with vertex set $V=[n]$, and let ${\boldsymbol A}_G\in
\{0,1\}^{n\times n}$ denote its adjacency matrix.
Spectral algorithms have proven extremely successful in analyzing
the structure of such graphs under various proba... |
1,116,691,497,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
System identification refers to the problem of building mathematical models and approximating governing equations using only observed data from the system. Governing laws and equations have traditionally been derived from expert knowledge and first principles, however in recent years... |
1,116,691,497,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neural networks have become ubiquitous in natural language processing.
For the word segmentation task, there has been a growing body of work exploring novel neural network architectures for learning useful representation and thus better segmentation prediction \cite{P14-1028,ma-hinrichs:2015:A... |
1,116,691,497,675 | arxiv | \section*{\bf Conflicts of Interest}}}
|
1,116,691,497,676 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article we consider self-similar solutions to Smoluchowski's mean-field model for coagulation. The model applies to a system of particles in which
at any time two particles can coagulate to form a larger particle. If $\phi(\xi,t)$ denotes the number density of particles of size $\xi>0$ ... |
1,116,691,497,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Climate change and its global effects can no longer be ignored. The urgency to both understand and find ways to mitigate climate effects has become an increasing focus of research, driven by the increase in extreme events including wild fires, heat waves, and extreme flooding. As part of this con... |
1,116,691,497,678 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Collisionless shocks are the acceleration sites of energetic particles
responsible for high-energy emission of astrophysical objects and contributing
to the flux of cosmic rays detected at Earth.
Nonthermal particle populations at nonrelativistic shocks of supernova remnants
(SNRs) are believed ... |
1,116,691,497,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The solar dynamo generates magnetic flux inside the Sun, whch is transported
outward and emerges through the Sun\textquoteright{}s surface into
the corona. Magnetic loops build up \textquotedblleft{}closed\textquotedblright{}
magnetic flux (connected to the Sun at both ends) in the corona. Some
... |
1,116,691,497,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quantized enveloping algebra $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)$ has a subalgebra $U_q^+$, called the positive part \cite{charp,lusztig}. Both $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)$ and $U_q^+$ appear in combinatorics \cite{drg,TD00,ter_alternating,ter_catalan,ter_pospart}, mathematical physics \cite... |
1,116,691,497,681 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Radio Frequency (RF)-powered cognitive radio networks are considered to be a promising solution which improves radio spectrum utilization and efficiency as well as addresses the energy constraint issue for low-power secondary systems, e.g., the IoT system~\cite{huynh2018}, \cite{li2018}, \cite{ka... |
1,116,691,497,682 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Racah matrices or $6j$-symbols play an important role in theoretical physics
since its very early days.
It is enough to say that a whole chapter is devoted to this subject in \cite{LL3}.
This reflects the significance of symmetries for description of nature,
but also provides an exampl... |
1,116,691,497,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For any graph $G$ let $V$ denote the set of vertices where $|V| = n$, $E$ denote the set of edges where $|E| = m$, $A$ denote the adjacency matrix, $\chi(G)$ denote the chromatic number and $\omega(G)$ the clique number. Let $\mu_1 \ge \mu_2 \ge ... \ge \mu_n$ denote the eigenvalues of $A$, and ... |
1,116,691,497,684 | arxiv | \section*{Methods summary}
In our experimental setup\cite{Frohlich2011}, we prepare a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of $^{40}$K atoms in a 50/50 mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states $|F=9/2,m_F=-9/2\rangle$ and $|F=9/2,m_F=-7/2\rangle$. We confine the quantum gas to two dimensions in a deep optical lattice fo... |
1,116,691,497,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Traditional lattice calculations of quantum field theories often encounter sign problems in the presence of a chemical potential. An excellent example is Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), where it is impossible to accurately compute quantities at a non-zero baryon density especially at low temperatu... |
1,116,691,497,686 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Galaxies are an important tool for studying the distribution of matter in the Universe and testing cosmological models. The correlation between the shapes of galaxies can be used to measure the weak gravitational lensing field, which is a direct measure of the total mass alon... |
1,116,691,497,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the field of controlling dynamical systems, one of the major missions is to find efficient control policies for stabilizing ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to targeted equilibriums. The policies for stabilizing linear or polynomial dynamical systems have been fully developed using the ... |
1,116,691,497,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solar-like pre-main sequence (PMS) stars and, in general, the low mass PMS stars (M$_* < 2 M_{\odot}$), or T~Tauri stars (TTSs), are complex dynamical systems made of two basic components, star and accretion disk, as well as a dynamical interface,
the stellar magnetosphere (see G\'omez de Castro... |
1,116,691,497,689 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fundamental building blocks of projective geometry
are the theorems of Pappus of Alexandria, living in the
fourth century A.D., and the theorem of Desargues published
in Paris by Girard Desargues a French architect, engineer
and mathematician in 1629.
The celebrated Desargues pers... |
1,116,691,497,690 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The top quark is the most massive elementary particle in the Standard Model (SM).
Its mass is close to the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking, implying a unique sensitivity to interactions beyond the SM.
The production of top quarks at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is... |
1,116,691,497,691 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{\footnotesize{Website: \url{https://simongiebenhain.github.io/NPHM}}}
Human faces and heads lie at the core of human visual perception, and hence are key to creating digital replica of someones identity, likeliness, and appearance.
In particular, 3D reconstruction of human heads f... |
1,116,691,497,692 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Overview}
Let $F_{n,d}$ denote the vector space of real homogeneous forms
$p(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ of degree $d$.
A blender is a closed convex cone in $F_{n,d}$
which is also closed under linear changes of variable. Blenders were
introduced in \cite{Re1} to help describe several different familia... |
1,116,691,497,693 | arxiv | \subsection{Partition function with Chern-Simons coupling}
\label{sec:PartitionFunctionCS}
The five-dimensional lift of Nekrasov's partition function of $SU({N_c})$ theory
is given by the summation over the set of ${N_c}$ Young diagrams (or colored partitions)
$\{ \Ya\lambda\a \}_{\a=1}^{{N_c}}$, as follows:
\begin{... |
1,116,691,497,694 | arxiv | \section{Determination of neutrino energy after scattering} \label{appendix}
In our code, we employ the reaction-rate tables for the nucleon and electron/positron scatterings.
In order to ensure the detailed balance between the direct and inverse reactions between the initial and final states with the neutrino energie... |
1,116,691,497,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
A brand new graph neural network named {\textsc{Graph-Bert}} (Graph based {\textsc{Bert}}) is introduced in \cite{zhang2020graph} for graph data representation learning. Different from conventional graph neural networks \cite{Kipf_Semi_CORR_16,Velickovic_Graph_ICLR_18,Li_... |
1,116,691,497,696 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the standard theory of gravity due to Einstein all conformally flat spacetimes are known. They are either the Schwarzcshild interior metric in the case of no expansion or the Stephani universes when expansion is permitted \cite{steph1,steph2,hans1}. A similar result is not known in the mo... |
1,116,691,497,697 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the interesting paper \cite{1}, the Ermakov-Lewis invariant is used to
study the time-dependent harmonic oscillator (TDHO) in the framework of
Koopman-von Neumann (KvN) mechanics \cite{2,3}. To find the invariant,
a system of coupled differential equations was obtained, which then
was redu... |
1,116,691,497,698 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Product mixing for a group $G$ generally refers to any estimate of the following form: whenever subsets $X,Y,Z\subset G$ have densities $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$ above some threshold, the number of solutions to $xy=z$ with $x\in X,y\in Y,z\in Z$ is $(1+o(1))\alpha\beta\gamma|G|^2$. The following fou... |
1,116,691,497,699 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Wholesale electricity markets in many jurisdictions use a two-settlement structure: a day-ahead market for bulk power
transactions and a real-time market for fine-grain supply-demand balancing. Forecast errors in the day-ahead market necessitate subsequent balancing in the real-time ma... |
1,116,691,497,700 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main goal of Speaker Verification~(SV) is the process of verifying a query sample belonging to a speaker utterance by comparing to the existing speaker models. Speaker verification is usually split into two text-independent and text-dependant categories. Text-dependent includes the scenario ... |
1,116,691,497,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The search for extrasolar planets has
led to more than 700 confirmed discoveries\footnote{The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia;
http://www.exoplanet.eu; 2011-Nov-15} by using all detection techniques. Up to now, most of them have been detected by means of the radial velocity (RV) technique using ... |
1,116,691,497,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Initiated by \cite{Knuth73} almost forty years ago, the study of permutation
classes has since received a lot of attention, mostly with respect to enumerative questions (see
\cite{Bou03,Eli04,KiMa03} and their references among many others).
Most articles are focused on a given... |
1,116,691,497,703 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most challenging questions in fluid dynamics is whether the
incompressible 3D Euler equations can develop a finite time singularity
from smooth and bounded initial data. From a theoretical point of view, the
main difficulty is due to the presence of the vortex stretching term in
th... |
1,116,691,497,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Asymptotic stability of solitary waves in the context of
continuous nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations in one, two, and
three spatial dimensions was considered in a number of recent
works (see Cuccagna \cite{cuccagna} for a review of literature).
Little is known, however, about asymptotic
stab... |
1,116,691,497,705 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the current experimental and theoretical information it is known that Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) describes correctly the hadronic physics. Because of the running of $\alpha_s$, one is not able to apply directly this procedure at low energies, where confinement prevents the use of the pert... |
1,116,691,497,706 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In the past few years, a multitude of different
formalisms combining probabilistic reasoning with logics, databases, or logic programming
has been developed.
Prominent examples include PHA and ICL~\cite{Poole:93,Poole00},
PRISM~\cite{SatoKameya:01}, SLPs~\cite{Muggleton96},
P... |
1,116,691,497,707 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In our previous work \cite{OblomkovRozansky16},\cite{OblomkovRozansky17},
\cite{OblomkovRozansky18}, \cite{OblomkovRozansky18a} we developed and explored a geometric construction for a
triply-graded link homology which categorifies the HOMFLYPT polynomial. The initial... |
1,116,691,497,708 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The idea that the sharp slowing down of super-cooled liquids is related to
the growth of a cooperative length scale dates back at least to
Adam and Gibbs \cite{AG}.
But it is only a few years back that this idea has started being substantiated
by convincing experiments \cite{Ediger,Richert,W... |
1,116,691,497,709 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reliability and band-width efficiency of relays have been crucial issues in {relay-based} wireless communications
including satellite communications and mobile communications.
Recently, the compute-and-forward (CAF) scheme~\cite{Nazer11} attracts great interests because of its high band-width ... |
1,116,691,497,710 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In our current theoretical framework for the building blocks of nature, symmetries play a central role, not least because of the visionary insights of the mathematician Emmy Noether. As we push our understanding of the fundamental interactions of nature to smaller distance scales (higher energy s... |
1,116,691,497,711 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The transition dynamics in a quantum two-level system with a time-dependent
Hamiltonian
varying such that the energy separation of the two diabatic states is a linear function
of time is
a central problem since the early days of quantum mechanics. It is commonly
denoted as the Landau-Zene... |
1,116,691,497,712 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Complex engineered systems are known to exhibit unintended states in their collective dynamics that often disrupt their function \cite{Strogatz2005, buldyrev2010catastrophic, Havlin2012, Helbing2013, Schroder2018}. In complex mobility systems, examples include the emergence of congestion \cite{l... |
1,116,691,497,713 | arxiv | \section{Regularisation of the modular operator}
\label{appendixA}
In this section, we provide a more detailed presentation of the regularisation involved in defining the modular operator via the resolvent, i.e. \eqref{Sigmat1}. We shall consider the case of the plane, but the generalisation to the other cases is stra... |
1,116,691,497,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:introduction}
\subsection{Motivation and New Trends}\label{sect:Motivation/Introduction}
With the emergence of cloud computing, cloud providers tend to virtualize a range of telecom services by spreading the cloud computing technology toward end users and delivering mobile user's co... |
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