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1,116,691,497,715 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Object category recognition has long been a central topic in computer vision research.
Traditionally, object recognition has been addressed by supervised learning using a large dataset of image-label pairs~\cite{Deng2009ImageNetAL}.
However, with supervised approaches, the model... |
1,116,691,497,716 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Immunotherapy seeks to arm the patient with an increased number of effective immune cells that are specifically trained to seek out and destroy harmful cells. One target for immunotherapy that has earned a place in the clinical spotlight recently is melanoma, since specific peptides have been i... |
1,116,691,497,717 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Machine learning generally amounts to solving an optimization problem where a loss function has to be minimized. As the problems tackled are getting more and more complex (nonlinear, nonconvex, etc.), fewer efficient algorithms exist, and the best recourse seems to rely on iter... |
1,116,691,497,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recent years have seen the proliferation of deceptive information online.
With the increasing necessity to validate the information from the Internet, \emph{automatic fact checking} has emerged as an important research topic. It is at the core of multiple applications, e.g., d... |
1,116,691,497,719 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
\section{Motivation}
Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a technology which allows operations to be performed on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it. This concept has long been referred to as the "holy grail" of cryptography \cite{micciancio2010first}, but has historically struggled with spe... |
1,116,691,497,720 | arxiv | \section{Numerical estimates}\label{sec:cestimates}
Summarizing the previous section the control~$u$ and solution~$\theta$ on~$[\tau,\tau+R']$ are given by the infinite series
\begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}
\label{eq:u}u(t) &=& \sum_{i\ge1}\frac{y^{(i)}(t)}{(2i-1)!}\\
\theta(t,x) &=& \sum_{i\ge 0}y^{(i)}(t)\frac{x^{2i} }{(2... |
1,116,691,497,721 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{IntroductionSection}
The treatment of missing data in different areas of science, statistics, economics, or pattern recognition has been and still is a wide subject
of interest, since a variety of situations may lead to incomplete data in a set of information.
In particle and nuclear phys... |
1,116,691,497,722 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
GRBs, amongst the farthest and the most powerful objects ever observed in the Universe, are still a mystery after
50 years from their
discovery time by the Vela Satellites \citep{klebesadel73}.
Phenomenologically, GRBs are traditionally classified in short SGRBs ($T_{90}<2$s) and long LGRBs
($T... |
1,116,691,497,723 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $f: {\mathbb P}^2 \dashrightarrow {\mathbb P}^2$ be a dominant rational self-map of the complex
projective plane~${\mathbb P}^2$. A great deal of effort has gone into understanding how the
ergodic theory of $f$ is governed by two numerical invariants, the first and
second dynamical degrees ... |
1,116,691,497,724 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider an irreducible polynomial $f(X,Y)\in {\mbox{\dbl C}} [X,Y]$.
Assume there exists a pair of operators $(P,Q)\in A_1$, where $A_1= {\mbox{\dbl C}} [x][\partial ]$ is the first Weyl algebra, such that $f(P,Q)=0$ and $\mathop{\rm ord}\nolimits (P)>0$ or $\mathop{\rm ord}\nolimits (Q)>0$, ... |
1,116,691,497,725 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent studies in mathematical psychology \cite{martinez2016quantum}, \cite{kvam2021temporal}, \cite{busemeyer2020application}, show that the Lindbladian equations from quantum mechanics facilitate modeling peculiar aspects of human decision making. Such quantum decision models capture {\em ord... |
1,116,691,497,726 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum properties of light can be used in a myriad of applications, ranging from enhanced
sensing~\cite{goda_quantum-enhanced_2008, collaboration_gravitational_2011}, to spectroscopy~\cite{polzik_spectroscopy_1992, ribeiro_sub-shot-noise_1997},
to metrology~\cite{giovannetti_quantum-enhanced... |
1,116,691,497,727 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In a two-dimensional photonic crystal with inversion symmetry the band gap may become vanishingly small at corners of the Brillouin zone, where two bands touch as a pair of cones. Such a conical singularity is also referred to as a Dirac point, because the two-dimensional Dirac equ... |
1,116,691,497,728 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hard X-ray emission from young Supernova Remnants (SNRs) was first detected in
SN 1006 and interpreted as synchrotron emission from electrons in the energy
range of tens of TeV \citep{koya95}. Such emission meanwhile has been found in
many young shell-type objects. These electrons are also expect... |
1,116,691,497,729 | arxiv | \subsection{Adem Relations}
\paragraph{0.2.1} Now we will return to the discussion of our results on Adem relations.
Of course $B\Sigma_2 \simeq RP^\infty$, the real projective space.
One of our main results is a cochain level computation of the $\smallsmile_n$ products in $N^*(B\Sigma_2)$.
First it is well-known, and... |
1,116,691,497,730 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper considers multifidelity estimation of failure probabilities for large-scale applications with expensive-to-evaluate models.
%
Failure probabilities are required in, e.g., reliable engineering design and risk analysis. Yet failure probability estimation with expensive-to-evaluate no... |
1,116,691,497,731 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The relaxation of closed quantum systems towards equilibrium is a fundamental problem in many-body physics. It is particularly challenging to fully understand this macroscopic process on the basis of microscopic properties \cite{Srednicki1994,Rigol2008,Dziarmaga2010,Polkovnikov2011}.... |
1,116,691,497,732 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Facial expressions have been regarded as one of the most common non-verbal cues for conveying human emotions~\cite{surveyAsli, wang2020suppressing}. Therefore, automatic facial expression recognition (FER) from images has received considerable attention in recent years~\cite{sepas2021capsfield, ... |
1,116,691,497,733 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For decades after electronic computers were invented, they exponentially increased in power and decreased in size, and the looming advent of the quantum limit was seen as a threat to progress. But in 1982 Feynman published a paper \cite{feynman1} in which he argued that quantum computing could b... |
1,116,691,497,734 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Potts model was introduced in 1952~\cite{Pot52} and has since become one of the most studied models of statistical mechanics.
Each vertex of a graph is assigned one of $q$ spins (colours), with spins of adjacent vertices interacting with a strength depending on the temperature $T>0$ of the ... |
1,116,691,497,735 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Clean graphene has shown to be an excellent platform to investigate various electron optical experiments, ranging from Fabry-P\'{e}rot (FP) resonances \cite{Campos12b,Grushina13,Rickhaus13,Varlet14,Shalom16,Calado15}, snake states \cite{Rickhaus15,Taychatanapat14}, electron guiding \cite{Rickhaus... |
1,116,691,497,736 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
Most comets are observed to show activity when they reach heliocentric distances $r_\mathrm{H} \lesssim 5$--6 AU, where the most abundant cometary volatile, water ice, begins to sublimate as a result of increasing insolation. However, a few comets have been observed to exhibit activ... |
1,116,691,497,737 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The field of Galactic astronomy has entered a transformative era. Large-scale surveys, such as APOGEE, GAIA and GALAH, are providing millions of high-quality spectroscopic and astrometric measurements of stars across the Milky Way \citep{Rave2006, Apogee,Galah,Lamost,Gaia}. Fu... |
1,116,691,497,738 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Planets with strong magnetic fields may generate radio and/or X-ray emission when interacting with energetic charged particles.
It is well known that Jupiter emits radio waves from its auroral region due to the cyclotron-maser instability \citep[e.g.][]{wu1979,zarka1998,treum... |
1,116,691,497,739 | arxiv |
\subsection{Contraction of Pairs}
In this section we investigate properties of the contraction operation in our goal to extend Theorem \ref{theo:P123} to contractible pairs. More specifically, we characterize representations of pairs $(G,C)$ satisfying $(P2),(P3)$. We show that (i) the contraction operation preserves ... |
1,116,691,497,740 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\bigskip
In \cite{NOT}, Ng defined the notion of an action $\alpha$ of a
small category $G$ on another small category $H$ and show that its
semi-direct product $H\times_\alpha G$ is a small category if either
$G$ is a groupoid or $G^{(0)} = H^{(0)}$ (see \cite[Propositions 8
\& 10]{NOT}). On the... |
1,116,691,497,741 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Setting problem}
In this paper, we consider the initial-boundary problem of semilinear wave equation
\begin{align}\label{Wave-problem}
\begin{cases}
u_{tt} - \Delta u = f(u), \,\,\, & x \in \Omega,\,\, t>0, \\
u(x,0) =u_0(x),\,\,\, u_t(x,0) = u_1(x) &x \in \overline{\Omega}, \\
... |
1,116,691,497,742 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The Mott metal-insulator transition is one of the most striking manifestations of electronic correlations~\cite{Imada_RMP}. In a single-orbital Hubbard model at half filling (one particle per lattice site), carriers localize when the ratio between the Hubbard on-site rep... |
1,116,691,497,743 | arxiv |
\section{Discussion of Fig.~2 from the main manuscript when replotted on a semi-logarithmic scale}
\begin{figure*}[tbh!]
\centering
\resizebox{17.8cm}{!}{\includegraphics*{overscreening_logarithmic.pdf}} %
\caption{\label{fig:overscreening_logarithmic}$\ln\left(\left|\left<n(x)\right>-n_\infty\right|\right)$ ... |
1,116,691,497,744 | arxiv | \section*{\refname\@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}}%
\newcommand \online{online}
\section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction}
The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem~\cite{robbins1985some} has been extensively studied as a fundamental framework for online optimization problems with partial observations.
In the MAB, ... |
1,116,691,497,745 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction}
There has been overwhelming evidence that coherent structures such as vortices, streamers and zonal flows ($m=n=0$, where $m$ and $n$ are the poloidal and toroidal modenumbers respectively) play a critical role in determining the overall transport in magnetically confined plasm... |
1,116,691,497,746 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Letting $\KK$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero,
we let $\KK^{[n]}=\KK[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial algebra in $n$
variables, and $\AF^n=\spec \KK^{[n]}$ be the affine space. The
Cremona group $\Aut(\AF^n)$ is the group of automorphisms of $\AF^n$,
or equivalently, t... |
1,116,691,497,747 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
The appearance of instantons (topologically nontrivial Euclidean configurations
minimizing the action) is a very common feature of many different field
theories
{}~\cite{Raj}. Of particular interest are the instantons in QCD~\cite{BPTS}
which
are so beautiful that a serious hope existed~\cite{CDG... |
1,116,691,497,748 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Predicting the orientation of thin fibers suspended in fluid flows with low Reynolds number finds many industrial applications, for example, when creating parts using injection molded plastics. One method that has been widely used is to start with the assumption that Jeffery's equation \cite[][... |
1,116,691,497,749 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a sequence of probability measures $\{\mu_i\}_{i=1}^\infty$ on a homogeneous space $X$, it is natural to ask what we can say about weak$^*$ limits of this sequence? Often one is interested in measures that are invariant under a transformation $T$ acting on $X$, and in this case weak$^*$ lim... |
1,116,691,497,750 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec0}
\begin{convention*}\label{conv110211a}
In this paper, $R$ is a commutative noetherian
ring.
In this section, assume that $(R,\ideal{m},k)$ is local.
\end{convention*}
A ``semidualizing'' $R$-complex is a homologically finite $R$-complex $X$ such that
the natural morphism $R\to\R... |
1,116,691,497,751 | arxiv | \section{The $(k,\ell)$-rainbow index for complete bipartite\\ graphs}
This section is devoted to the $(k,\ell)$-rainbow index for complete
bipartite graphs. We start with a lemma about the regular complete
bipartite graphs $K_{n,n}$.
\begin{lemma}\label{lem1}
For every pair of positive integers $k,\ell$ with $k... |
1,116,691,497,752 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Automatic invoice processing systems gain significant interest of
large companies who deal with enormous numbers of invoices each day,
due to not only their legal value requiring them to be stored for
years but also for economic reasons. Cristani et
al in~\cite{cristani2018future} offer a compar... |
1,116,691,497,753 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multicore optical fibers are devices of great importance.
%
In telecommunications, they increase transmission bandwidth via space-division multiplexing \cite{Richardson2013} by parallel transmission of, either, signals though different uncoupled cores \cite{Zhu2010,Takara2012,Hu2018}, or norm... |
1,116,691,497,754 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Registration is a critical technology to establish correspondences between medical images \cite{jour/mia/heinrich2012mind}.
The study of registration algorithm enables tumor monitoring \cite{jour/bone/seeley2014co}, image-guided intervention \cite{jour/bbe/alam2018medical}, and treatment plannin... |
1,116,691,497,755 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern wireless communication systems heavily rely on multi-carrier wave-forms. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) \cite{chang1966synthesis}, Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) \cite{fettweis2009gfdm}, Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) and Universal Filtered Multi-... |
1,116,691,497,756 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transport in normal metal-superconductor-normal metal (N$_a$SN$_b$)
three-terminal hybrid nanostructures has received a special attention, because
those structures allow in principle to produce split pairs of spin-entangled
electrons from a superconductor, acting as a Cooper pair beam splitter\ci... |
1,116,691,497,757 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The advent of model predictive control (MPC) has enabled control processes to take advantage of the rapid advancement in optimization techniques and the computational power of modern hardware \cite{qin2003survey}. The ability to optimize over dynamic models and incorporate various constraints has... |
1,116,691,497,758 | arxiv |
\section{Approach}
In general, a patch stack (also known as patch set) is defined as a set of
patches (commits) that are developed and maintained independently of the base
project.
Well-known examples include the Preempt-RT{} Linux realtime extension, the Linux LTSI
(Long Term Support Initiative) kernel, and vendor-s... |
1,116,691,497,759 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
The recent paper by \citet{Lentz2018a} (LQR) uncovered the role of particle exchange and inter-particle correlation in the dynamics of condensed fluids with non-local interactions on super-de Broglie lengths. The approach covered a wide range of interactions, including th... |
1,116,691,497,760 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0} Let $f$ be a transcendental entire
function and denote by $f^{n}, n \in \mathbb N$, the $n$th iterate of
$f$. The {\it Fatou set}, $F(f)$, is defined to be the set of
points, $z \in \mathbb C$, such that $(f^{n})_{n \in \mathbb N}$ forms a normal
family in some neighbourh... |
1,116,691,497,761 | arxiv | \section{The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models}
\subsection{Geometry and topology}
Let us review and clarify the topological and geometrical aspects
of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models of general
relativistic cosmology. Whilst doing so will contribute to the
overall intention of this paper to clarify, by m... |
1,116,691,497,762 | arxiv | \section{Omitted Details for Section~\ref{sec:motivatinguni}}\label{sect:recurreldetails}
\lstset{language=prog}
\lstset{tabsize=3}
\newsavebox{\progsearch}
\begin{lrbox}{\progsearch}
\begin{lstlisting}[mathescape]
$\mathsf{randsearch}(ar,i,j,d)$ {
1: if ($i=j$ and $ar[i]\ne d$)
2: return $-1$;
3: else if ($i=j$ a... |
1,116,691,497,763 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-collider experiments and astronomical observations have given us our first hints of physics beyond the Standard Model, via the discoveries of neutrino oscillations, dark energy, and dark matter. The implication of these discoveries for fundamental physics is still unknown. The energy scale o... |
1,116,691,497,764 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The starting point of this article on Hopf algebras is a well-known result due to A. Grothendieck, as outlined in \cite{Sweedler}, saying that the category of finite-dimensional, commutative and cocommutative Hopf $K$-algebras over a field $K$ is abelian. This result was extended by... |
1,116,691,497,765 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A relatively new field of study, {\it ergodic optimization} has displayed under a new point of view several distinct problems in dynamical systems, and enjoyed the benefits of allying techniques from optimization theory and ergodic theory to address them. Its usual setup is a dynamical system ... |
1,116,691,497,766 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Spin manipulation and control is at the core of
spintronics, a technology that uses the spin of the electrons, rather than
their charge, to transfer and/or process information.\cite{awsc,fabian}
The Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling arising in materials lacking
structural inversion s... |
1,116,691,497,767 | arxiv | \section{Experimental Details}
Both polycrystalline samples were prepared by a solid-state reaction of La$_2$O$_3$, BaCO$_3$, and MnO$_2$\@.
After repeating the sintering process in an Ar flow, the obtained ceramics was annealed in flowing O$_2$, which leads to LaBaMn$_2$O$_6$\@.
The use of pure Ar gas is to avoid the ... |
1,116,691,497,768 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We use the shorthand ``koosh" to describe the hyperconical, spherically symmetric Kerr-Schild geometry with the line element:
\begin{equation}
ds^2=-\kappa^2 dt^2+\frac{1}{\kappa^2}dr^2+ r^2 d\theta^2+r^2 \sin^2\theta \, d\phi^2.
\label{uniaxialmet}
\end{equation}
This metric describe... |
1,116,691,497,769 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In differential geometry, the Ricci flow is an intrinsic geometric flow.
It is a process of deformation of the Riemannian metric, independent of any embedding or immersion.
The Ricci flow is given by an evolution equation for the metric and the associated Ricci tensor on a Riemannian man... |
1,116,691,497,770 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.8 em}
Human intelligence has long been the goal of artificial intelligence. Humans can effectively solve multi-task learning, lifelong learning, transfer learning, few-shot learning, generalization, exploration, prediction, and decision. AI algorithms, on the other hand, still struggle... |
1,116,691,497,771 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{} \label{sec:lrpair} Let $\kk$ be a field of characteristic zero, and
$A = \oplus_{n \geq 0} A_n$ be
an $\mathbb{N}$-graded Poisson algebra of degree $-1$, that is, a graded, commutative,
associative, unital $\kk$-algebra, whose multiplication is of degree $0$ (\emph{i.e.},
if $ a... |
1,116,691,497,772 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction}
The simplest explanation for the observed acceleration of the universe
is Einstein's cosmological constant, $\Lambda$. However, the value
that explains the acceleration is many orders of magnitude smaller
than that expected from quantum field theory. We are then left either to... |
1,116,691,497,773 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\footnote{This paper is an extension of three workshop papers that were presented at the DeCoDeML workshops at ECML/PKDD 2019 and 2020: Sophie Burkhardt, Nicolas Wagner, Johannes F\"urnkranz, Stefan Kramer: Extracting Rules with Adaptable Complexity from Neural Networks using K-Term DNF Optimiza... |
1,116,691,497,774 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
While there is null result from direct searches for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider, recent LHCb measurements of lepton flavor universality in $B$ physics have shown deviations from the standard model (SM) predictions.
The measurement of $R_{K^{*0}} = {\mathcal B}(B^... |
1,116,691,497,775 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study the problem of designing state feedback controllers for linear time invariant systems with probabilistic system parameters. Such systems in continuous time can be defined as
\begin{align}
\dot{\x} &= \A(\param)\x + \B(\param)\u, \eqnlabel{contiDyn}
\end{align}
where $\pa... |
1,116,691,497,776 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In this section,
motivation of hadron production measurements,
types of targets for measurements,
and the NA61/SHINE experimental apparatus will be discussed.
\subsection{Hadron Production}
In modern long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, neutrino beams are created by colliding prot... |
1,116,691,497,777 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: multiferroic hexagonal manganites}
Materials with coexisting magnetic and electric order, the so-called multiferroics, have been
attracting a lot of attention since it was recognized that they can display gigantic
magnetoelectric coupling effects: Magnetic properties can be controlled by ele... |
1,116,691,497,778 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
With the ever rising concern regarding privacy and security in the modern digital
world, we have seen an increased interest in hardware trusted execution
environments (also known as \textbf{secure enclaves}) from
computer architects, software developers, and security r... |
1,116,691,497,779 | arxiv | \section*{References}\list
{}{\setlength\labelwidth{1.4em}\leftmargin\labelwidth
\setlength\parsep{0pt}\setlength\itemsep{0pt}
\setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin}
\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}
\sloppy
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliog... |
1,116,691,497,780 | arxiv | \section{\bf{Introduction}}
In mathematical analysis and in particular from functional analysis viewpoint, convolution on Euclidean space is a linear map on the function spaces related to Euclidean spaces, for more details see \cite{FollR}, also convolution is similar to cross-correlation.
In classical harmonic ana... |
1,116,691,497,781 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a dynamical system $T:X \to X$ we generally define a \emph{speedup} of $(X,T)$ to be another dynamical system $S:Y \to Y$ conjugate to $T':X\rightarrow X$ where $T'(x)=T^{p(x)}(x)$ for some function $p:X\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}^{+}$. We will refer to $p$ in the preceding definition as the ``j... |
1,116,691,497,782 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optimization for complex systems often involves fitting a system prediction model to estimate how a system performs and then optimizing the decisions based on the system prediction model as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:ocs_fc}. Two major tasks in optimization of complex systems include training or me... |
1,116,691,497,783 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
In this section we give a brief overview of some definitions and
results from \cite{EKR,DKR3}.
We begin with the basic notions of the theory of free partially
commutative groups.
Let $\Gamma $ be a finite, undirected, simple graph. Let
$X=V(\Gamma )=\{x_1,\dots, x_n\}$ be the set of vertices of ... |
1,116,691,497,784 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Standard candles, in particular supernovae Ia (SNe), are one of the most important and reliable estimators
of distance in cosmology~\cite{Riess:1998cb,Perlmutter:1998np}. As is well known, the evidence for cosmological acceleration rests principally on
their properties and on the... |
1,116,691,497,785 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
We presented a strongly-typed implementation of miniKanren\xspace for OCaml. Our implementation
passes all tests written for miniKanren\xspace (including those for disequality constraints);
in addition we implemented many interesting relational programs known from
the literature. We claim that our... |
1,116,691,497,786 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) project \citep[][]{garcia03} is an IRAM Plateau
de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) survey of nearby active galaxies
to map the distribution and dynamics of molecular gas in the inner 1\,kpc at
high spatial resolution ($\sim\,0\,\farcs5 - 1^{\prime\prime}$,
correspon... |
1,116,691,497,787 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that, in local quantum field theory, one encounters
divergences which arise from taking products of field operators at the same
space-time point. As a result, these products do not have a well-defined
meaning. Quite some time ago, Dirac~\cite{Dirac34}
suggested point splitting... |
1,116,691,497,788 | arxiv | \section{1. Introduction}
There is an increasing literature on the application of Structural VARMA
(SVARMA) models for the analysis of economic data which tries to solve the
identification problem of these models by incorporating information from the
distribution of non-Gaussian structural shocks. This information rec... |
1,116,691,497,789 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
Supermassive black holes (SMBH)s, with masses between $10^{6}$ and $10^{10}$ solar masses,
lie at the heart of nearly every galaxy~\citep[e.g.][]{kr95}. With a few notable exceptions, these SMBHs dwell within
stellar spheroids -- spiral bulges, ellipticals, and S0s -- and obser... |
1,116,691,497,790 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The optimal transport (OT) problem asks to compute the minimum cost needed to send supplies to demands. It is formally described as the following linear optimization problem, where
\[ \min_{\mathbf{X} \in \mathbf{U}(\boldsymbol{r},\boldsymbol{c})} \sum_{i\in[n],j\in[m]} \mathbf{X}_{ij}\mathbf{Q}... |
1,116,691,497,791 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the recent years, there has been a growing interest regarding the non-commutative spaces of the Lie algebra type, {i.e. \/} spaces where coordinates can be represented as Lie algebra generators. These types of models have indeed appeared in the context of quantum gravity, as candidates for t... |
1,116,691,497,792 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro} Synchronization of oscillations is one of the
fundamental nonlinear phenomena in biology, physics, chemistry,
communication science, and many other branches of science and
engineering~\cite{book}. Recently, the dynamics of synchronization
of oscillators located at each vertex in... |
1,116,691,497,793 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary of results}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Recent years have seen growing efforts to extend the dictionary of holography beyond the original paradigm of the AdS/CFT correspondence, and generalize it to spacetimes with different asymptotics from those of AdS. In particular, there has been i... |
1,116,691,497,794 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Instabilities due to magnetic buoyancy are driven by stratified horizontal magnetic fields in compressible plasmas \citep{Newcomb_1961}, and may thus occur in a range of astrophysical settings --- for example, in stars, in accretion disks and in the interstellar medium \citep[se... |
1,116,691,497,795 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling \cite{FTN_Mazo,Anderson_FTN,Detection-li2018superposition} has long been one of the promising communication paradigms for future high data rate wireless networks.
Different from the conventional methods of enhancing the data rate, which normally requires more... |
1,116,691,497,796 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Distances are very important in statistics: a class of hypotheses testing methods are based on distances, such as the energy statistics \citep{szekely2004testing}, the distance covariance \citep{szekely2007measuring, szekely2009brownian,lyons2013distance}, and many others.
This... |
1,116,691,497,797 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:The-diagonaization}The diagonalization of the LRK Hamiltonian
and the generator for parameter estimation}
We note that the Hamiltonian in the momentum space is~\citep{pezz`e2017multipartite}
\begin{align}
H_{\theta} & =-\frac{J}{2}\sum_{k}\left[a^{\dagger}(k)a(k)+a^{\dagger}(-k)a(-k)\right]\cos k-\... |
1,116,691,497,798 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide claiming an estimated 1.76 million lives in 2018 \cite{c1}. Chest radiography (CXR) remains widely used for initial radiological examination in patients with suspected lung cancer. However, the National Lung Screening Trial show... |
1,116,691,497,799 | arxiv | \section{Related Work}
Self-supervised learning can be broken down into two tasks:
\textbf{A pretext task} where no labels are involved and where the model learns image features and finds information in the images that it can use as labels to carry out its mission (e.g. classification).
\textbf{A downstream task} ... |
1,116,691,497,800 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optical intensity interferometry (I.I.) offers some considerable advantages over
Michelson interferometry in terms of complexity, cost and wavelength coverage.
Therefore, whilst so far successfully realised for only
one astrophysical instrument (the Narrabri interferometry of Hanbury Brown et al.... |
1,116,691,497,801 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Subluminous B stars (subdwarf B stars or sdBs) are stars with thin hydrogen envelopes, currently undergoing helium-core burning, which are found on the extreme horizontal branch (EHB). Their masses were determined to be around $0.47$\,M$_{\rm \odot}$ \citep{heber09, heber16}. About half of the kn... |
1,116,691,497,802 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
This paper describes {{\scshape GeoReach}} a novel approach that evaluates graph reachability queries and spatial range predicates side-by-side. {{\scshape GeoReach}} extends the functionality of a given graph database management system with light-weight spatial indexing ent... |
1,116,691,497,803 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
The glass transition, an essentially dynamic phenomenon,
can be described as the slowing down and eventual freezing of
$\alpha$ relaxation.
According to mode-coupling (MC) theory \cite{Got91,x15},
the physical origin of this process must be sought on a picosecond scale... |
1,116,691,497,804 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Outcome prediction is based on discriminant analysis,
which is the use of known classifications of some observations to classify others \cite{Hastie1996}. The aim is to use some observations in the data set under study as the training set, to automatically discover and learn the rules linking a... |
1,116,691,497,805 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Problems causing confusion in understanding neutrino oscillations}
Although an extensive review of neutrino oscillations does not mention time
at all\cite{review} and bypasses all confusion,
the continuing argument about the roles of energy, momentum and time in neutrino
oscillati... |
1,116,691,497,806 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
For our general setting we consider the problem of finding $u$ in an equation of the form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:prob-inv}
Tu=v,
\end{equation}
where $T:\X\rightarrow \Y$ is a bounded linear operator between two infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces $\X$ and
$\Y$, the ... |
1,116,691,497,807 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
We aim to solve the equation
\begin{equation*}
Kx=y^\delta
\end{equation*}
for $K:\mathcal{X}\to \mathcal{Y}$ a compact operator between infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Hereby, $y^\delta$ is a noisy measurement of the exact data $y^\dagger\in \mathcal{R}(K)$ and $x^\dagger:=... |
1,116,691,497,808 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum computer provide us more advantages to solve some problems efficiently than the classical Turing machine. Many efficient quantum algorithms towards some problems which are difficult to solve in the classical computer were discovered in the past decades (for example see the review \cite{c... |
1,116,691,497,809 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}{0pt}%
{-12pt plus -2pt minus -4pt}%
{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}%
{\normalfont\large\bfseries\boldmath
\rightskip=0pt plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsec... |
1,116,691,497,810 | arxiv | \part{title
\newboolean{Conference}
\setboolean{Conference}{false}
\newcommand{\NotConf}[1]{\ifthenelse{\boolean{Conference}}{}{#1}}
\newcommand{\IfConf}[2]{\ifthenelse{\boolean{Conference}}{#1}{#2}}
\begin{document}
\ititle{Forward Invariance of Sets for Hybrid Dynamical Systems}
\iauthor{
Jun Chai\\
{\normalsize... |
1,116,691,497,811 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of $p$-brane solitons in low-energy superstring theories has
been the subject of detailed investigation recently [1--12]. With the
growing realisation that the duality symmetries of string theories can
bring about a unification of theories that were previously thought to
have bee... |
1,116,691,497,812 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Striped patterns abound in nature, with lamellar features observable at the micron scale within the cell walls of fruits \cite{pollia}, the chitinous exoskeleton of beetles \cite{beetle}, and the fruit fly embryo \cite{fruitfly}, as well as at much larger scales, such as on the skin of zebras,... |
1,116,691,497,813 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec_introduction}}
In a naive sense, a ``regular'' mathematical object in one which is described by functions. The space where these structural functions live is the ``regularity'' of the defined mathematical object. Thus, $n$-manifolds $M$ are ``regular'' because they are described by its ... |
1,116,691,497,814 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Video games are uniquely positioned in the space of software. They are designed to be an immersive experience for the user with a focus on narrative, interactivity and rich sensory presentation. However, the level of immersion a player experiences is drastically diminished if bugs are discovere... |
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