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1,116,691,497,715
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Object category recognition has long been a central topic in computer vision research. Traditionally, object recognition has been addressed by supervised learning using a large dataset of image-label pairs~\cite{Deng2009ImageNetAL}. However, with supervised approaches, the model...
1,116,691,497,716
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Immunotherapy seeks to arm the patient with an increased number of effective immune cells that are specifically trained to seek out and destroy harmful cells. One target for immunotherapy that has earned a place in the clinical spotlight recently is melanoma, since specific peptides have been i...
1,116,691,497,717
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Machine learning generally amounts to solving an optimization problem where a loss function has to be minimized. As the problems tackled are getting more and more complex (nonlinear, nonconvex, etc.), fewer efficient algorithms exist, and the best recourse seems to rely on iter...
1,116,691,497,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Recent years have seen the proliferation of deceptive information online. With the increasing necessity to validate the information from the Internet, \emph{automatic fact checking} has emerged as an important research topic. It is at the core of multiple applications, e.g., d...
1,116,691,497,719
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} \section{Motivation} Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a technology which allows operations to be performed on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it. This concept has long been referred to as the "holy grail" of cryptography \cite{micciancio2010first}, but has historically struggled with spe...
1,116,691,497,720
arxiv
\section{Numerical estimates}\label{sec:cestimates} Summarizing the previous section the control~$u$ and solution~$\theta$ on~$[\tau,\tau+R']$ are given by the infinite series \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl} \label{eq:u}u(t) &=& \sum_{i\ge1}\frac{y^{(i)}(t)}{(2i-1)!}\\ \theta(t,x) &=& \sum_{i\ge 0}y^{(i)}(t)\frac{x^{2i} }{(2...
1,116,691,497,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{IntroductionSection} The treatment of missing data in different areas of science, statistics, economics, or pattern recognition has been and still is a wide subject of interest, since a variety of situations may lead to incomplete data in a set of information. In particle and nuclear phys...
1,116,691,497,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction} GRBs, amongst the farthest and the most powerful objects ever observed in the Universe, are still a mystery after 50 years from their discovery time by the Vela Satellites \citep{klebesadel73}. Phenomenologically, GRBs are traditionally classified in short SGRBs ($T_{90}<2$s) and long LGRBs ($T...
1,116,691,497,723
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $f: {\mathbb P}^2 \dashrightarrow {\mathbb P}^2$ be a dominant rational self-map of the complex projective plane~${\mathbb P}^2$. A great deal of effort has gone into understanding how the ergodic theory of $f$ is governed by two numerical invariants, the first and second dynamical degrees ...
1,116,691,497,724
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider an irreducible polynomial $f(X,Y)\in {\mbox{\dbl C}} [X,Y]$. Assume there exists a pair of operators $(P,Q)\in A_1$, where $A_1= {\mbox{\dbl C}} [x][\partial ]$ is the first Weyl algebra, such that $f(P,Q)=0$ and $\mathop{\rm ord}\nolimits (P)>0$ or $\mathop{\rm ord}\nolimits (Q)>0$, ...
1,116,691,497,725
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent studies in mathematical psychology \cite{martinez2016quantum}, \cite{kvam2021temporal}, \cite{busemeyer2020application}, show that the Lindbladian equations from quantum mechanics facilitate modeling peculiar aspects of human decision making. Such quantum decision models capture {\em ord...
1,116,691,497,726
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum properties of light can be used in a myriad of applications, ranging from enhanced sensing~\cite{goda_quantum-enhanced_2008, collaboration_gravitational_2011}, to spectroscopy~\cite{polzik_spectroscopy_1992, ribeiro_sub-shot-noise_1997}, to metrology~\cite{giovannetti_quantum-enhanced...
1,116,691,497,727
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In a two-dimensional photonic crystal with inversion symmetry the band gap may become vanishingly small at corners of the Brillouin zone, where two bands touch as a pair of cones. Such a conical singularity is also referred to as a Dirac point, because the two-dimensional Dirac equ...
1,116,691,497,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hard X-ray emission from young Supernova Remnants (SNRs) was first detected in SN 1006 and interpreted as synchrotron emission from electrons in the energy range of tens of TeV \citep{koya95}. Such emission meanwhile has been found in many young shell-type objects. These electrons are also expect...
1,116,691,497,729
arxiv
\subsection{Adem Relations} \paragraph{0.2.1} Now we will return to the discussion of our results on Adem relations. Of course $B\Sigma_2 \simeq RP^\infty$, the real projective space. One of our main results is a cochain level computation of the $\smallsmile_n$ products in $N^*(B\Sigma_2)$. First it is well-known, and...
1,116,691,497,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper considers multifidelity estimation of failure probabilities for large-scale applications with expensive-to-evaluate models. % Failure probabilities are required in, e.g., reliable engineering design and risk analysis. Yet failure probability estimation with expensive-to-evaluate no...
1,116,691,497,731
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The relaxation of closed quantum systems towards equilibrium is a fundamental problem in many-body physics. It is particularly challenging to fully understand this macroscopic process on the basis of microscopic properties \cite{Srednicki1994,Rigol2008,Dziarmaga2010,Polkovnikov2011}....
1,116,691,497,732
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Facial expressions have been regarded as one of the most common non-verbal cues for conveying human emotions~\cite{surveyAsli, wang2020suppressing}. Therefore, automatic facial expression recognition (FER) from images has received considerable attention in recent years~\cite{sepas2021capsfield, ...
1,116,691,497,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For decades after electronic computers were invented, they exponentially increased in power and decreased in size, and the looming advent of the quantum limit was seen as a threat to progress. But in 1982 Feynman published a paper \cite{feynman1} in which he argued that quantum computing could b...
1,116,691,497,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Potts model was introduced in 1952~\cite{Pot52} and has since become one of the most studied models of statistical mechanics. Each vertex of a graph is assigned one of $q$ spins (colours), with spins of adjacent vertices interacting with a strength depending on the temperature $T>0$ of the ...
1,116,691,497,735
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Clean graphene has shown to be an excellent platform to investigate various electron optical experiments, ranging from Fabry-P\'{e}rot (FP) resonances \cite{Campos12b,Grushina13,Rickhaus13,Varlet14,Shalom16,Calado15}, snake states \cite{Rickhaus15,Taychatanapat14}, electron guiding \cite{Rickhaus...
1,116,691,497,736
arxiv
\section{\uppercase{Introduction}} Most comets are observed to show activity when they reach heliocentric distances $r_\mathrm{H} \lesssim 5$--6 AU, where the most abundant cometary volatile, water ice, begins to sublimate as a result of increasing insolation. However, a few comets have been observed to exhibit activ...
1,116,691,497,737
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The field of Galactic astronomy has entered a transformative era. Large-scale surveys, such as APOGEE, GAIA and GALAH, are providing millions of high-quality spectroscopic and astrometric measurements of stars across the Milky Way \citep{Rave2006, Apogee,Galah,Lamost,Gaia}. Fu...
1,116,691,497,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Planets with strong magnetic fields may generate radio and/or X-ray emission when interacting with energetic charged particles. It is well known that Jupiter emits radio waves from its auroral region due to the cyclotron-maser instability \citep[e.g.][]{wu1979,zarka1998,treum...
1,116,691,497,739
arxiv
\subsection{Contraction of Pairs} In this section we investigate properties of the contraction operation in our goal to extend Theorem \ref{theo:P123} to contractible pairs. More specifically, we characterize representations of pairs $(G,C)$ satisfying $(P2),(P3)$. We show that (i) the contraction operation preserves ...
1,116,691,497,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \bigskip In \cite{NOT}, Ng defined the notion of an action $\alpha$ of a small category $G$ on another small category $H$ and show that its semi-direct product $H\times_\alpha G$ is a small category if either $G$ is a groupoid or $G^{(0)} = H^{(0)}$ (see \cite[Propositions 8 \& 10]{NOT}). On the...
1,116,691,497,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Setting problem} In this paper, we consider the initial-boundary problem of semilinear wave equation \begin{align}\label{Wave-problem} \begin{cases} u_{tt} - \Delta u = f(u), \,\,\, & x \in \Omega,\,\, t>0, \\ u(x,0) =u_0(x),\,\,\, u_t(x,0) = u_1(x) &x \in \overline{\Omega}, \\ ...
1,116,691,497,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The Mott metal-insulator transition is one of the most striking manifestations of electronic correlations~\cite{Imada_RMP}. In a single-orbital Hubbard model at half filling (one particle per lattice site), carriers localize when the ratio between the Hubbard on-site rep...
1,116,691,497,743
arxiv
\section{Discussion of Fig.~2 from the main manuscript when replotted on a semi-logarithmic scale} \begin{figure*}[tbh!] \centering \resizebox{17.8cm}{!}{\includegraphics*{overscreening_logarithmic.pdf}} % \caption{\label{fig:overscreening_logarithmic}$\ln\left(\left|\left<n(x)\right>-n_\infty\right|\right)$ ...
1,116,691,497,744
arxiv
\section*{\refname\@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}}% \newcommand \online{online} \section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction} The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem~\cite{robbins1985some} has been extensively studied as a fundamental framework for online optimization problems with partial observations. In the MAB, ...
1,116,691,497,745
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction} There has been overwhelming evidence that coherent structures such as vortices, streamers and zonal flows ($m=n=0$, where $m$ and $n$ are the poloidal and toroidal modenumbers respectively) play a critical role in determining the overall transport in magnetically confined plasm...
1,116,691,497,746
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Letting $\KK$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, we let $\KK^{[n]}=\KK[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial algebra in $n$ variables, and $\AF^n=\spec \KK^{[n]}$ be the affine space. The Cremona group $\Aut(\AF^n)$ is the group of automorphisms of $\AF^n$, or equivalently, t...
1,116,691,497,747
arxiv
\section{Motivation} The appearance of instantons (topologically nontrivial Euclidean configurations minimizing the action) is a very common feature of many different field theories {}~\cite{Raj}. Of particular interest are the instantons in QCD~\cite{BPTS} which are so beautiful that a serious hope existed~\cite{CDG...
1,116,691,497,748
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Predicting the orientation of thin fibers suspended in fluid flows with low Reynolds number finds many industrial applications, for example, when creating parts using injection molded plastics. One method that has been widely used is to start with the assumption that Jeffery's equation \cite[][...
1,116,691,497,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a sequence of probability measures $\{\mu_i\}_{i=1}^\infty$ on a homogeneous space $X$, it is natural to ask what we can say about weak$^*$ limits of this sequence? Often one is interested in measures that are invariant under a transformation $T$ acting on $X$, and in this case weak$^*$ lim...
1,116,691,497,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec0} \begin{convention*}\label{conv110211a} In this paper, $R$ is a commutative noetherian ring. In this section, assume that $(R,\ideal{m},k)$ is local. \end{convention*} A ``semidualizing'' $R$-complex is a homologically finite $R$-complex $X$ such that the natural morphism $R\to\R...
1,116,691,497,751
arxiv
\section{The $(k,\ell)$-rainbow index for complete bipartite\\ graphs} This section is devoted to the $(k,\ell)$-rainbow index for complete bipartite graphs. We start with a lemma about the regular complete bipartite graphs $K_{n,n}$. \begin{lemma}\label{lem1} For every pair of positive integers $k,\ell$ with $k...
1,116,691,497,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automatic invoice processing systems gain significant interest of large companies who deal with enormous numbers of invoices each day, due to not only their legal value requiring them to be stored for years but also for economic reasons. Cristani et al in~\cite{cristani2018future} offer a compar...
1,116,691,497,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multicore optical fibers are devices of great importance. % In telecommunications, they increase transmission bandwidth via space-division multiplexing \cite{Richardson2013} by parallel transmission of, either, signals though different uncoupled cores \cite{Zhu2010,Takara2012,Hu2018}, or norm...
1,116,691,497,754
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Registration is a critical technology to establish correspondences between medical images \cite{jour/mia/heinrich2012mind}. The study of registration algorithm enables tumor monitoring \cite{jour/bone/seeley2014co}, image-guided intervention \cite{jour/bbe/alam2018medical}, and treatment plannin...
1,116,691,497,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modern wireless communication systems heavily rely on multi-carrier wave-forms. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) \cite{chang1966synthesis}, Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) \cite{fettweis2009gfdm}, Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) and Universal Filtered Multi-...
1,116,691,497,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transport in normal metal-superconductor-normal metal (N$_a$SN$_b$) three-terminal hybrid nanostructures has received a special attention, because those structures allow in principle to produce split pairs of spin-entangled electrons from a superconductor, acting as a Cooper pair beam splitter\ci...
1,116,691,497,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The advent of model predictive control (MPC) has enabled control processes to take advantage of the rapid advancement in optimization techniques and the computational power of modern hardware \cite{qin2003survey}. The ability to optimize over dynamic models and incorporate various constraints has...
1,116,691,497,758
arxiv
\section{Approach} In general, a patch stack (also known as patch set) is defined as a set of patches (commits) that are developed and maintained independently of the base project. Well-known examples include the Preempt-RT{} Linux realtime extension, the Linux LTSI (Long Term Support Initiative) kernel, and vendor-s...
1,116,691,497,759
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction} The recent paper by \citet{Lentz2018a} (LQR) uncovered the role of particle exchange and inter-particle correlation in the dynamics of condensed fluids with non-local interactions on super-de Broglie lengths. The approach covered a wide range of interactions, including th...
1,116,691,497,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Let $f$ be a transcendental entire function and denote by $f^{n}, n \in \mathbb N$, the $n$th iterate of $f$. The {\it Fatou set}, $F(f)$, is defined to be the set of points, $z \in \mathbb C$, such that $(f^{n})_{n \in \mathbb N}$ forms a normal family in some neighbourh...
1,116,691,497,761
arxiv
\section{The Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models} \subsection{Geometry and topology} Let us review and clarify the topological and geometrical aspects of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models of general relativistic cosmology. Whilst doing so will contribute to the overall intention of this paper to clarify, by m...
1,116,691,497,762
arxiv
\section{Omitted Details for Section~\ref{sec:motivatinguni}}\label{sect:recurreldetails} \lstset{language=prog} \lstset{tabsize=3} \newsavebox{\progsearch} \begin{lrbox}{\progsearch} \begin{lstlisting}[mathescape] $\mathsf{randsearch}(ar,i,j,d)$ { 1: if ($i=j$ and $ar[i]\ne d$) 2: return $-1$; 3: else if ($i=j$ a...
1,116,691,497,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-collider experiments and astronomical observations have given us our first hints of physics beyond the Standard Model, via the discoveries of neutrino oscillations, dark energy, and dark matter. The implication of these discoveries for fundamental physics is still unknown. The energy scale o...
1,116,691,497,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The starting point of this article on Hopf algebras is a well-known result due to A. Grothendieck, as outlined in \cite{Sweedler}, saying that the category of finite-dimensional, commutative and cocommutative Hopf $K$-algebras over a field $K$ is abelian. This result was extended by...
1,116,691,497,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A relatively new field of study, {\it ergodic optimization} has displayed under a new point of view several distinct problems in dynamical systems, and enjoyed the benefits of allying techniques from optimization theory and ergodic theory to address them. Its usual setup is a dynamical system ...
1,116,691,497,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Spin manipulation and control is at the core of spintronics, a technology that uses the spin of the electrons, rather than their charge, to transfer and/or process information.\cite{awsc,fabian} The Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling arising in materials lacking structural inversion s...
1,116,691,497,767
arxiv
\section{Experimental Details} Both polycrystalline samples were prepared by a solid-state reaction of La$_2$O$_3$, BaCO$_3$, and MnO$_2$\@. After repeating the sintering process in an Ar flow, the obtained ceramics was annealed in flowing O$_2$, which leads to LaBaMn$_2$O$_6$\@. The use of pure Ar gas is to avoid the ...
1,116,691,497,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We use the shorthand ``koosh" to describe the hyperconical, spherically symmetric Kerr-Schild geometry with the line element: \begin{equation} ds^2=-\kappa^2 dt^2+\frac{1}{\kappa^2}dr^2+ r^2 d\theta^2+r^2 \sin^2\theta \, d\phi^2. \label{uniaxialmet} \end{equation} This metric describe...
1,116,691,497,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In differential geometry, the Ricci flow is an intrinsic geometric flow. It is a process of deformation of the Riemannian metric, independent of any embedding or immersion. The Ricci flow is given by an evolution equation for the metric and the associated Ricci tensor on a Riemannian man...
1,116,691,497,770
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.8 em} Human intelligence has long been the goal of artificial intelligence. Humans can effectively solve multi-task learning, lifelong learning, transfer learning, few-shot learning, generalization, exploration, prediction, and decision. AI algorithms, on the other hand, still struggle...
1,116,691,497,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{} \label{sec:lrpair} Let $\kk$ be a field of characteristic zero, and $A = \oplus_{n \geq 0} A_n$ be an $\mathbb{N}$-graded Poisson algebra of degree $-1$, that is, a graded, commutative, associative, unital $\kk$-algebra, whose multiplication is of degree $0$ (\emph{i.e.}, if $ a...
1,116,691,497,772
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction} The simplest explanation for the observed acceleration of the universe is Einstein's cosmological constant, $\Lambda$. However, the value that explains the acceleration is many orders of magnitude smaller than that expected from quantum field theory. We are then left either to...
1,116,691,497,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \footnote{This paper is an extension of three workshop papers that were presented at the DeCoDeML workshops at ECML/PKDD 2019 and 2020: Sophie Burkhardt, Nicolas Wagner, Johannes F\"urnkranz, Stefan Kramer: Extracting Rules with Adaptable Complexity from Neural Networks using K-Term DNF Optimiza...
1,116,691,497,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} While there is null result from direct searches for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider, recent LHCb measurements of lepton flavor universality in $B$ physics have shown deviations from the standard model (SM) predictions. The measurement of $R_{K^{*0}} = {\mathcal B}(B^...
1,116,691,497,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study the problem of designing state feedback controllers for linear time invariant systems with probabilistic system parameters. Such systems in continuous time can be defined as \begin{align} \dot{\x} &= \A(\param)\x + \B(\param)\u, \eqnlabel{contiDyn} \end{align} where $\pa...
1,116,691,497,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this section, motivation of hadron production measurements, types of targets for measurements, and the NA61/SHINE experimental apparatus will be discussed. \subsection{Hadron Production} In modern long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, neutrino beams are created by colliding prot...
1,116,691,497,777
arxiv
\section{Introduction: multiferroic hexagonal manganites} Materials with coexisting magnetic and electric order, the so-called multiferroics, have been attracting a lot of attention since it was recognized that they can display gigantic magnetoelectric coupling effects: Magnetic properties can be controlled by ele...
1,116,691,497,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} With the ever rising concern regarding privacy and security in the modern digital world, we have seen an increased interest in hardware trusted execution environments (also known as \textbf{secure enclaves}) from computer architects, software developers, and security r...
1,116,691,497,779
arxiv
\section*{References}\list {}{\setlength\labelwidth{1.4em}\leftmargin\labelwidth \setlength\parsep{0pt}\setlength\itemsep{0pt} \setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin} \usecounter{enumi}} \def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em} \sloppy \sfcode`\.=1000\relax} \let\endthebibliog...
1,116,691,497,780
arxiv
\section{\bf{Introduction}} In mathematical analysis and in particular from functional analysis viewpoint, convolution on Euclidean space is a linear map on the function spaces related to Euclidean spaces, for more details see \cite{FollR}, also convolution is similar to cross-correlation. In classical harmonic ana...
1,116,691,497,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a dynamical system $T:X \to X$ we generally define a \emph{speedup} of $(X,T)$ to be another dynamical system $S:Y \to Y$ conjugate to $T':X\rightarrow X$ where $T'(x)=T^{p(x)}(x)$ for some function $p:X\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}^{+}$. We will refer to $p$ in the preceding definition as the ``j...
1,116,691,497,782
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Optimization for complex systems often involves fitting a system prediction model to estimate how a system performs and then optimizing the decisions based on the system prediction model as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:ocs_fc}. Two major tasks in optimization of complex systems include training or me...
1,116,691,497,783
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} In this section we give a brief overview of some definitions and results from \cite{EKR,DKR3}. We begin with the basic notions of the theory of free partially commutative groups. Let $\Gamma $ be a finite, undirected, simple graph. Let $X=V(\Gamma )=\{x_1,\dots, x_n\}$ be the set of vertices of ...
1,116,691,497,784
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Standard candles, in particular supernovae Ia (SNe), are one of the most important and reliable estimators of distance in cosmology~\cite{Riess:1998cb,Perlmutter:1998np}. As is well known, the evidence for cosmological acceleration rests principally on their properties and on the...
1,116,691,497,785
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} We presented a strongly-typed implementation of miniKanren\xspace for OCaml. Our implementation passes all tests written for miniKanren\xspace (including those for disequality constraints); in addition we implemented many interesting relational programs known from the literature. We claim that our...
1,116,691,497,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) project \citep[][]{garcia03} is an IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) survey of nearby active galaxies to map the distribution and dynamics of molecular gas in the inner 1\,kpc at high spatial resolution ($\sim\,0\,\farcs5 - 1^{\prime\prime}$, correspon...
1,116,691,497,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that, in local quantum field theory, one encounters divergences which arise from taking products of field operators at the same space-time point. As a result, these products do not have a well-defined meaning. Quite some time ago, Dirac~\cite{Dirac34} suggested point splitting...
1,116,691,497,788
arxiv
\section{1. Introduction} There is an increasing literature on the application of Structural VARMA (SVARMA) models for the analysis of economic data which tries to solve the identification problem of these models by incorporating information from the distribution of non-Gaussian structural shocks. This information rec...
1,116,691,497,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} Supermassive black holes (SMBH)s, with masses between $10^{6}$ and $10^{10}$ solar masses, lie at the heart of nearly every galaxy~\citep[e.g.][]{kr95}. With a few notable exceptions, these SMBHs dwell within stellar spheroids -- spiral bulges, ellipticals, and S0s -- and obser...
1,116,691,497,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The optimal transport (OT) problem asks to compute the minimum cost needed to send supplies to demands. It is formally described as the following linear optimization problem, where \[ \min_{\mathbf{X} \in \mathbf{U}(\boldsymbol{r},\boldsymbol{c})} \sum_{i\in[n],j\in[m]} \mathbf{X}_{ij}\mathbf{Q}...
1,116,691,497,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent years, there has been a growing interest regarding the non-commutative spaces of the Lie algebra type, {i.e. \/} spaces where coordinates can be represented as Lie algebra generators. These types of models have indeed appeared in the context of quantum gravity, as candidates for t...
1,116,691,497,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Synchronization of oscillations is one of the fundamental nonlinear phenomena in biology, physics, chemistry, communication science, and many other branches of science and engineering~\cite{book}. Recently, the dynamics of synchronization of oscillators located at each vertex in...
1,116,691,497,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary of results} \setcounter{equation}{0} Recent years have seen growing efforts to extend the dictionary of holography beyond the original paradigm of the AdS/CFT correspondence, and generalize it to spacetimes with different asymptotics from those of AdS. In particular, there has been i...
1,116,691,497,794
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Instabilities due to magnetic buoyancy are driven by stratified horizontal magnetic fields in compressible plasmas \citep{Newcomb_1961}, and may thus occur in a range of astrophysical settings --- for example, in stars, in accretion disks and in the interstellar medium \citep[se...
1,116,691,497,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling \cite{FTN_Mazo,Anderson_FTN,Detection-li2018superposition} has long been one of the promising communication paradigms for future high data rate wireless networks. Different from the conventional methods of enhancing the data rate, which normally requires more...
1,116,691,497,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Distances are very important in statistics: a class of hypotheses testing methods are based on distances, such as the energy statistics \citep{szekely2004testing}, the distance covariance \citep{szekely2007measuring, szekely2009brownian,lyons2013distance}, and many others. This...
1,116,691,497,797
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:The-diagonaization}The diagonalization of the LRK Hamiltonian and the generator for parameter estimation} We note that the Hamiltonian in the momentum space is~\citep{pezz`e2017multipartite} \begin{align} H_{\theta} & =-\frac{J}{2}\sum_{k}\left[a^{\dagger}(k)a(k)+a^{\dagger}(-k)a(-k)\right]\cos k-\...
1,116,691,497,798
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide claiming an estimated 1.76 million lives in 2018 \cite{c1}. Chest radiography (CXR) remains widely used for initial radiological examination in patients with suspected lung cancer. However, the National Lung Screening Trial show...
1,116,691,497,799
arxiv
\section{Related Work} Self-supervised learning can be broken down into two tasks: \textbf{A pretext task} where no labels are involved and where the model learns image features and finds information in the images that it can use as labels to carry out its mission (e.g. classification). \textbf{A downstream task} ...
1,116,691,497,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Optical intensity interferometry (I.I.) offers some considerable advantages over Michelson interferometry in terms of complexity, cost and wavelength coverage. Therefore, whilst so far successfully realised for only one astrophysical instrument (the Narrabri interferometry of Hanbury Brown et al....
1,116,691,497,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Subluminous B stars (subdwarf B stars or sdBs) are stars with thin hydrogen envelopes, currently undergoing helium-core burning, which are found on the extreme horizontal branch (EHB). Their masses were determined to be around $0.47$\,M$_{\rm \odot}$ \citep{heber09, heber16}. About half of the kn...
1,116,691,497,802
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} This paper describes {{\scshape GeoReach}} a novel approach that evaluates graph reachability queries and spatial range predicates side-by-side. {{\scshape GeoReach}} extends the functionality of a given graph database management system with light-weight spatial indexing ent...
1,116,691,497,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation} The glass transition, an essentially dynamic phenomenon, can be described as the slowing down and eventual freezing of $\alpha$ relaxation. According to mode-coupling (MC) theory \cite{Got91,x15}, the physical origin of this process must be sought on a picosecond scale...
1,116,691,497,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Outcome prediction is based on discriminant analysis, which is the use of known classifications of some observations to classify others \cite{Hastie1996}. The aim is to use some observations in the data set under study as the training set, to automatically discover and learn the rules linking a...
1,116,691,497,805
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Problems causing confusion in understanding neutrino oscillations} Although an extensive review of neutrino oscillations does not mention time at all\cite{review} and bypasses all confusion, the continuing argument about the roles of energy, momentum and time in neutrino oscillati...
1,116,691,497,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} For our general setting we consider the problem of finding $u$ in an equation of the form \begin{equation}\label{eq:prob-inv} Tu=v, \end{equation} where $T:\X\rightarrow \Y$ is a bounded linear operator between two infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces $\X$ and $\Y$, the ...
1,116,691,497,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} We aim to solve the equation \begin{equation*} Kx=y^\delta \end{equation*} for $K:\mathcal{X}\to \mathcal{Y}$ a compact operator between infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Hereby, $y^\delta$ is a noisy measurement of the exact data $y^\dagger\in \mathcal{R}(K)$ and $x^\dagger:=...
1,116,691,497,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum computer provide us more advantages to solve some problems efficiently than the classical Turing machine. Many efficient quantum algorithms towards some problems which are difficult to solve in the classical computer were discovered in the past decades (for example see the review \cite{c...
1,116,691,497,809
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{0pt}% {-12pt plus -2pt minus -4pt}% {4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}% {\normalfont\large\bfseries\boldmath \rightskip=0pt plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsec...
1,116,691,497,810
arxiv
\part{title \newboolean{Conference} \setboolean{Conference}{false} \newcommand{\NotConf}[1]{\ifthenelse{\boolean{Conference}}{}{#1}} \newcommand{\IfConf}[2]{\ifthenelse{\boolean{Conference}}{#1}{#2}} \begin{document} \ititle{Forward Invariance of Sets for Hybrid Dynamical Systems} \iauthor{ Jun Chai\\ {\normalsize...
1,116,691,497,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of $p$-brane solitons in low-energy superstring theories has been the subject of detailed investigation recently [1--12]. With the growing realisation that the duality symmetries of string theories can bring about a unification of theories that were previously thought to have bee...
1,116,691,497,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Striped patterns abound in nature, with lamellar features observable at the micron scale within the cell walls of fruits \cite{pollia}, the chitinous exoskeleton of beetles \cite{beetle}, and the fruit fly embryo \cite{fruitfly}, as well as at much larger scales, such as on the skin of zebras,...
1,116,691,497,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec_introduction}} In a naive sense, a ``regular'' mathematical object in one which is described by functions. The space where these structural functions live is the ``regularity'' of the defined mathematical object. Thus, $n$-manifolds $M$ are ``regular'' because they are described by its ...
1,116,691,497,814
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Video games are uniquely positioned in the space of software. They are designed to be an immersive experience for the user with a focus on narrative, interactivity and rich sensory presentation. However, the level of immersion a player experiences is drastically diminished if bugs are discovere...