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1,314,259,994,063
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A primary motivation for this study is Parkinson's disease, which can cause an involuntary shaking that typically affects the distal portion of the upper limbs, and difficulty initiating motion. For patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who do not respond to drug therapy, electrical deep ...
1,314,259,994,064
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior of the solution $(u(t, x), v(t, x), g(t), h(t))$ to the following Lotka-Volterra type competition model with mixed dispersal and free boundaries in time-periodic environment \begin{align*} \left\{\begin{array}{l} \partial_{t}u=d...
1,314,259,994,065
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In July 2016, the $\it {Juno}$ spacecraft will enter a bound orbit around Jupiter, and then complete $\sim 30$ further low-periapse orbits over a period of approximately one year. Measurements of the spacecraft's accelerations may reach a precision of $\sim 1 \phn \mu$gal \citep{kas10}, allowin...
1,314,259,994,066
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The structure of the proton is a result of complicated non-perturbative many-body interactions between its fundamental building blocks, the quarks and gluons. This structure is encoded in various distribution functions, the simplest one being the collinear parton distribution functions that desc...
1,314,259,994,067
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Observational evidence in the X-rays and the MIR indicates that the strong AGN continuum source must be absorbed by obscuring material over a wide solid angle (see e.g., \citealt{Antonucci85,Maiolino98,Risaliti02}). According to observed spectra of different AGN types, the obscur...
1,314,259,994,068
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The tree augmentation problem (TAP) is a central problem in network design. In TAP, the input is a 2-edge-connected\footnote{A graph $G$ is 2-edge-connected if it remains connected after the removal of any single edge.} graph $G$ and a spanning tree $T$ of $G$, and the goal is to augment $T$ to ...
1,314,259,994,069
arxiv
\section*{Keywords} Spherical symmetry; loop quantum gravity; black holes; singularity resolution. \section{Introduction} The study of situations of high symmetry in which one first applies the symmetry to the classical theory and then proceeds to quantize has proven a valuable tool to probe potential regimes of quan...
1,314,259,994,070
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking provides a flavor blind, UV insensitive, predictive method of supersymmetry breaking. In this way it almost fulfills the long wish list of things we would want from the perfect model of supersymmetry breaking \cite{3}\cite{13}. However, it has two main p...
1,314,259,994,071
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The trigonometric P\"oschl-Teller (TPT) potential (also called P\"oschl-Teller I or Darboux-P\"oschl-Teller potential) is one of the most valuable exactly solvable (ES) potentials in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics \cite{poschl, flugge}. It is indeed close to potentials widely used in molecula...
1,314,259,994,072
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{Introduction}} The intriguing behavior of glass-forming liquids is attracting continued interest from many researchers \cite{bapst2020unveiling,jensen2018slow,hecksher2017toward,klieber2013mechanical,blazhnov2004temperature,niss2018perspective,klieber2015nonlinear,gundermann2011predicting}. ...
1,314,259,994,073
arxiv
\section{Proofs of Our Theory Development \label{sec:Proofs}} We here give the proof for the equivalence in optimizing two equations (\ref{eq:dro_p1}) and (\ref{eq:dro_p2}) in Section \ref{subsec:dro_p12}. Then, we detail how to derive the optimization formulations (\ref{thm:opt_sol}) and (\ref{eq:last_opt}) for sol...
1,314,259,994,074
arxiv
\section{Advertisement} GZKFast is a capable event generator which produces results comparable with applications that incorporate far more substantial particle physics kinematics and accelerator data. \vskip 6pt GZKFast provides... \begin{itemize} \item A full featured simulation with rich run time configuration. \i...
1,314,259,994,075
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \textit{stochastic differential equations} (SDE) with reflecting boundary conditions, also called \textit{reflected} \textit{stochastic differential equations }(RSDE) appears from the modeling of different kinds of constrained phenomenon. The elliptic and parabolic PDEs with Neumann typ...
1,314,259,994,076
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Statistical physics is often concerned with the problem of determining a closed set of equations of motion for a relatively small number of macroscopic degrees of freedom, given those for a much larger number of underlying degrees of freedom. This problem occurs in the classical theoretical con...
1,314,259,994,077
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} A Markov random field (MRF) $X = \{X_i : i \in V \}$ is a collection of random variables on an undirected graph graph $G=(V,E)$, where the nodes\footnote{We use the terms \emph{nodes}, \emph{sites} and \emph{pixels} interchangeably.} in $V$ are the random variable indices ...
1,314,259,994,078
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hydraulic fractures (HF) are a class of tensile fractures that propagate in a material as a result of fluid pressurization \citep{detournay2016mechanics}. They are encountered in a number of industrial applications such as oil and gas production, geothermal energy and block caving mining. HFs al...
1,314,259,994,079
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} \label{sec:intro} In their 1973 paper \cite{NPS}, Piatetski-Shapiro and Novodvorsky defined a model for irreducible admissible representations of the group $\GSp(4)$ over a $p$-adic field called the Bessel model, and showed that the dimension of such an embedding is at most 1. Our first task ...
1,314,259,994,080
arxiv
\section{X-ray emission in early-type stars: winds (and magnetic fields)} \label{sec:hotstars} Early findings of approximately constant $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm bol}$ for early-type stars, and the low variability of X-ray emission, were well explained by a model in which X-rays originate in shocks produced by instabili...
1,314,259,994,081
arxiv
\section{Distances to Open Clusters} The results of the Hipparcos mission have recently appeared (\cite{ESA97}, 1997), and they provide unprecedented astrometric precision and accuracy for a very large sample of stars. Analyses of these results are just beginning, of course, but to us some of the most intriguing Hipp...
1,314,259,994,082
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a non-relativistic theory where one allows for a tunable potential (or other parameters like the mass $m$ of the particles), we refer to the unitary window as to the range of those parameters for which the scattering(s) length(s) $a$ attains a value close to infinity (the unitary ...
1,314,259,994,083
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation}\label{sec1} \indent The many-worlds interpretation (MWI) proposed by H. Everett in 1957~\cite{Everett1957,Barrett2012,DeWitt1973} is an attempt for providing a complete unitary ontology to quantum mechanics. However, the MWI has some unwarranted features concerning the role of prob...
1,314,259,994,084
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The cover time $t_{\mathrm{cov}}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the expected number of steps a simple random walk takes to visit every vertex of the graph $G$, starting from the worst possible vertex. It has been studied extensively by computer scientists, due to its intrinsic appeal and its applications...
1,314,259,994,085
arxiv
\section{Standalone Optimization Experiment Setup} \label{appendix:cost-details} \noindent We consider three different cost models on the same workload: \vspace{0.25em} \noindent \textbf{CM1: } In the first cost model (inspired by~\citep{leis2015good}), we model a main-memory database that performs two types of joins:...
1,314,259,994,086
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{SI} The entropy of entanglement, famously elucidated in early debates on the nature of quantum mechanics\footnote{ The phrase ``entropy of entanglement'' is modern terminology \cite{Srednicki:1993im} but the physics was understood} , has emerged more recently as a powerful unifying tool i...
1,314,259,994,087
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite promising results in real-world applications, deep neural networks (DNN) contain hundreds of millions or even hundreds of billions of parameters, making them impossible to deploy on mobile devices. A significant amount of research efforts have been made to compress DNN models. Existing m...
1,314,259,994,088
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section-intro} Generalized Linear Models (GLMs)~\citep{mccullagh1989generalized} are one of the most widely-used classes of models in statistical analysis, and their properties have been thoroughly studied and documented (see, for example, \cite{dunteman2006introduction}). Model training a...
1,314,259,994,089
arxiv
\chapter{Towards Distributed Petascale Computing}\label{ch01} \section{Introduction}\label{ch01sec01} Recent advances in experimental techniques have opened up new windows into physical and biological processes on many levels of detail. The resulting data explosion requires sophisticated techniques, such as grid comp...
1,314,259,994,090
arxiv
\section{\bf #1}}} \newcommand{\SUBSECTION}[1]{\bigskip{\large\subsection{\bf #1}}} \newcommand{\SUBSUBSECTION}[1]{\bigskip{\large\subsubsection{\bf #1}}} \begin{titlepage} \begin{center} \vspace*{2cm} {\large \bf Retarded electric and magnetic fields of a moving charge: Feynman's derivation of Li\'{e}nard-Wiecher...
1,314,259,994,091
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} \label{introduction} Let $\operatorname{M}_{\mathbb P^n}(rm+\chi)$ be the moduli space of Gieseker semi-stable sheaves on the complex projective space $\mathbb P^n$ having Hilbert polynomial $P(m) = rm+\chi$. Le Potier \cite{lepotier} showed that $\operatorname{M}_{\mathbb P^2...
1,314,259,994,092
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \includegraphics[angle=0,width=\textwidth]{pic/flowchart.png} \caption{High-level description of the proposed \mbox{MF-KD}{} method.} \label{fig:flowchart} \end{figure} Deep learning is state of the art in the majority of ML problems: computer vision, speech reco...
1,314,259,994,093
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pretraining objectives of large language models can be roughly divided into two categories. First, vanilla next token prediction \cite{brown2020language} aims to learn the distribution of the next token in a sequence given the context to the left. Second, the masked language modeling (MLM) objec...
1,314,259,994,094
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Leakage in water supply systems causes wastage of water and energy resources, and poses public health risk due to water pollution. Leaks may occur, for example, due to aging pipelines, corrosion, and excessive steady and/or unsteady pressures in the system \cite{ghazali2012comparative}. Thus, an ...
1,314,259,994,095
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Investigation of coordinated dynamics of many interactive oscillatory elements is relevant for the understanding of various phenomena from different branches of science. Probably, the most important and also mostly studied effect is the emergence of a collective mode, observed in populations of ...
1,314,259,994,096
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} A basic assumption of traditional machine learning is that data in the training and test sets are independently sampled in one domain with the identical underlying distribution. However, with the growing amount of heterogeneity in modern data, the assumption of having only one domain...
1,314,259,994,097
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the Standard Model, the electroweak interaction has both vector ($v$) and axial-vector ($a$) couplings. Measurements of two independent parameters, the ratio of widths, $R_f$, and the parity-violation parameter, $A_f$, at the $Z^0$ resonance probe combinations of these two co...
1,314,259,994,098
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Empirically, the pairwise constraint is a kind of economic side-information that can be collected easily from the user feedback. For a user or annotator, it is more convenient to judge whether two images should be in the same category than to classify or tag them. During the past decades, a s...
1,314,259,994,099
arxiv
\section{Proof of the First Zonklar Equation} \ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff \newpage \fi \def\bibfont{\footnotesize} \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \section{Appendix} \label{sec:Appendix} \subsection{Calculation of the steady state probabilities in \eqref{eq:steady_state_prob_chain_nr_msgs_u...
1,314,259,994,100
arxiv
\section{Background} \label{background} The following notation will hold throughout the paper. Let $\bar X$ be a closed Riemann surface with an integrable meromorphic quadratic differential $q$. We remind the reader that $q$ may have poles of order $1$. We denote the vertical and horizontal foliations of $q$ by $\la...
1,314,259,994,101
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper focuses on distributed graph algorithms, particularly on the fundamental problem of deterministic and local ways to compute network decompositions and \emph{low-diameter clusterings}, which cluster at least half of the nodes in a given graph into non-adjacent clusters with small diam...
1,314,259,994,102
arxiv
\section{A dictionary of universal algebra: \\ \section{Introduction} We consider classes of linear multioperator algebras defined by operations and identities among them, that is, varieties of multioperator algebras. Given such a variety, a sequence of vector spaces is associated to it called a {\it cocharacter ...
1,314,259,994,103
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nonclassical states of bosonic modes, such as optical fields \cite{SZ}, motional states of trapped ions \cite{PhysRevLett.76.1796} or mechanical oscillators in optomechanical systems \cite{PhysRevA.56.4175}, are important resources for quantum-enhanced technologies \cite{loncar2019development}, i...
1,314,259,994,104
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} Three-dimensional topological insulators (3D TIs), are predicted to feature helical topological surface states (TSS) with linear dispersion and time reversal symmetry protection \cite{PhysRevB.76.045302,PhysRevB.75.121306,PhysRevB.79.195322,RevModPhys.82.3045}. Experimentally, the first 3D TI ...
1,314,259,994,105
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section:Intro} Compactification of ten-dimensional supergravities on generalized manifolds with $G$-structure has been studied for some time.\footnote{For reviews on this subject see, for example, \cite{Grana:2005jc, Wecht:2007wu,Samtleben:2008pe} and references therein.} These manifolds...
1,314,259,994,106
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Counterexamples for every open 3-manifold embeds in a compact 3-manifold have been discovered for over 60 years. Indeed, there are plenty of such examples even for open manifolds which are algebraically very simple (e.g., contractible). A rudimentary version of such examples can be traced back t...
1,314,259,994,107
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Marginal treatment effects (MTEs) have unified the identification theory of several policy parameters. While the MTE framework is essentially non-parametric,\footnote{Linearity is sometimes assumed to facilitate estimation. See, e.g., Appendix B in \cite{urzua2006}} it is required that the recip...
1,314,259,994,108
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi Armed Bandits (MAB) algorithms are often used in web services \citep{agarwal2016making, li2010contextual}, sensor networks \citep{tran2012long}, medical trials \citep{badanidiyuru2018bandits,rangi2019unifying}, and crowdsourcing systems \citep{rangi2018multi}. The distributed nat...
1,314,259,994,109
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par The conjunction of density functional theory (DFT) \cite{Kohn1965} and the non--equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) method \cite{DiVentra2008, Xue2001} has afforded a tool of unprecedented utility for the computational description of electrical transport in nanoscale devices. Fruitful app...
1,314,259,994,110
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent In 1977, John Cahn gave simple illuminating arguments to describe the interaction between solids and liquids. His model was based on a generalized van der Waals theory of fluids treated as attracting hard spheres \cite{Cahn}. It entailed assigning an energy to the solid surface that is...
1,314,259,994,111
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although binary data are often considered a simple concept, they are typically difficult to model in statistics. Traditionally, binary random variables are modelled independently via a Bernoulli distribution with a single probability of success ($\pi$). However, in many underlying processes, tru...
1,314,259,994,112
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxies may experience interactions and mergers throughout their lifetimes. Tidal forces distort galaxy shapes leading to the formation of different structures and substructures, e.g. shells, rings, tails, and to the onset of star formation inside and outside galaxies \citep[e.g.][]{Toomre7...
1,314,259,994,113
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Inspired by biological neural networks, the theory of artificial neural networks has largely focused on pointwise (or ``local'') nonlinear layers \citep{rosenblatt1958perceptron, cybenko1989approximation}, in which the same function $\sigma \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$...
1,314,259,994,114
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section1} \setcounter{equation}{0} In 1957 R\'enyi published his paper \cite{R} about representations for real numbers by $f$-expansions, called hereafter $\varphi$-expansions, which had tremendous impact in Dynamical Systems Theory. The ideas of R\'enyi were further developed by Parry in ...
1,314,259,994,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stellar evolution theory underpins much of observational astrophysics, yet significant uncertainties remain at low masses ($M\lesssim 0.8$ $M_{\odot}$) and young ages ($t \lesssim 1$ Gyr). Unfortunately, this mass and age range is also where observational constraints are scarce. The fundamental...
1,314,259,994,116
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{M}{assive} multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has attracted extensive research interests for its ability to enable interference-free transmission in an asymptotic sense, thereby improving throughput and energy efficiency significantly. However, the gain of t...
1,314,259,994,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are high-dimensional images---often remotely sensed by airborne or orbital spectrometers---that encode rich spectral and spatial structure~\cite{bioucas2013hyperspectral} that has enabled the detection of material structure in a scene using machine le...
1,314,259,994,118
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) is the most powerful technique to track the changes in the chemical environment of an atom through its core-level shifts. Core-level peaks are readily detected and identified, and core-level shifts can be determined, nowadays, with the highest precisi...
1,314,259,994,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A number of astrophysical source classes including supernova remnants (SNRs), pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), molecular clouds, normal galaxies, and galaxy clusters are expected to be spatially resolvable by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on the {\em \textit{Fermi}\xspace Ga...
1,314,259,994,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is central to better grasp the complexities of the heliosphere, as they represent together with flares, the most intense phenomena in the Sun-Earth system. At the Sun, the exact cause(s) and trigger(s) of CME initiation are still a matter of debate (see...
1,314,259,994,121
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bulk dichalcogenides $TX_2$ with transition metals $T$ and $X=$~S, Se, or Te belong to the class of layered semimetals / semiconductors\cite{wilson69a} which attracted considerable attention for decades. They exhibit a rich variety of physical properties, such as superconductivity in, e.g., NbSe$...
1,314,259,994,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A number of approaches for question answering have been proposed recently that use reinforcement learning to reason over a knowledge graph \citep{minerva,LinRX2018:MultiHopKG,N18-1165,DBLP:conf/aaai/ZhangDKSS18}. In these methods the input question is first parsed into a constituent questi...
1,314,259,994,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Recently in Ref.\cite{IV3} we have proposed a phenomenological quantum field theoretic model for strong low--energy $K^-p$ interactions at threshold for the analysis of the experimental data by the DEAR Collaboration Refs.\cite{DEAR,SIDDHARTA} on the energy level displa...
1,314,259,994,124
arxiv
\section{introduction} The F-doped LnFeAsO (Ln = rare-earth elements), which has been abbreviated as 1111 phase, is the first reported family with the highest critical transition temperature $T_c$ in bulk in the Fe-based superconductors (FeSCs).~\cite{Hosono} However, investigations on the physical properties of 1111-t...
1,314,259,994,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textbf{COVID-19 2020.} The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is an ongoing global health event. In this rapidly unfolding crisis, people are unsure about what is happening and what they should do. They seek to make sense of their uncertainty \cite{sensemaking,maitlis2010sensemaking}. To do s...
1,314,259,994,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT) has provided the most comprehensive view of the $\gamma$-ray sky in the 100 MeV$-$300 GeV energy range \citep{FLAT}. The most recent catalogue of $\gamma$-ray sources detected by the LAT, the third {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope source catalogue \cite...
1,314,259,994,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results}\label{Intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} The purpose of the present paper is to put into evidence a new formula in Hamiltonian dynamics, both simple and general, relating the time evolution of localisation observables to the variation of energy along classical orbits. Our r...
1,314,259,994,128
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In general, an ordinary realistic measurement can also be regarded as an information transfer process between the target system and us via a measurement device, where our available information depends on all of them. A study on the device limitations, therefore, contributes to an understanding o...
1,314,259,994,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Silicon is the second most abundant material in the earth's crust. The semiconducting Si I phase (cubic diamond lattice, $Fd3m$ space group) is extensively used in microelectronics, integrated circuits, photovoltaics, and MEMS/ NEMS technologies. Single-crystal Si is also used in high-power las...
1,314,259,994,130
arxiv
\section{Background}\label{section1} \subsection{Saturated Fusion Systems} We begin with a precise definition of what is meant by a fusion system. For any group $S$ and $P,Q \leq S$ we write Hom$_S(P,Q)$ for the set of homomorphisms from $P$ to $Q$ induced by conjugation by elements of $S$ and Inj$(P,Q)$ for the set of...
1,314,259,994,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main result} Let $\Gamma$ be a rectifiable curve in the complex plane equipped with arc-length measure $|d\tau|$. We suppose that $\Gamma$ is simple, that is, homeomorphic to a segment or to a circle. A measurable function $w:\Gamma\to[0,\infty]$ is said to be a weight if it is positive and fi...
1,314,259,994,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{se:intro} Sampling from probability measures in high dimensional spaces is an important problem that arises in several applications, including computational statistical physics~\cite{Lelievre_al_2009}, Bayesian inference~\cite{Stuart2010}, and machine learning~\cite{Andrieu2003}. Typically...
1,314,259,994,133
arxiv
\section{Proof of theorem \ref{thm: DSD}} \label{appendix: proof of DSD} \begin{proof} Let's first define the Stein operator as \begin{equation} \mathcal{S}_{p_Y}[\bm{g}]=\bm{s}_{p_Y}(\bm{y})^T\bm{g}(\bm{x})+\nabla_{\bm{y}}^T\bm{g}(\mathbf{y}) \end{equation} for the test function $\bm{g}(\bm{y})$ and density $p_Y(...
1,314,259,994,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{ultispectral} imaging sensors from a satellite capture different types of spectral band informations. For instance, a typical high-resolution satellite has several imaging sensors for multi-spectral bands such as red (R), green (G), blue (B), near-infrared (N), etc. Each spectr...
1,314,259,994,135
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In recent years several applications of quantum nonlocality have been proposed \cite{diqkd,dirandom,distateest,rabelo2011device} (see a recent review on Bell nonlocality \cite{review}). These proposals are based on the fact that nonlocal correlations can be certified without any assumption on t...
1,314,259,994,136
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Light in vacuum is quantized as massless photons, which in equilibrium obey Bose-Einstein statistics. If the photons were massive, they could break the gauge symmetry under certain conditions and condense to the lowest energy state sharing a single wave function. However, the light nowadays is...
1,314,259,994,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Fractional calculus has been around for hundreds of years and came around the same time as classical calculus. After years of development, fractional calculus has been widely applied in control theory, image processing, elastic mechanics, fractal theory, energy, medicine, a...
1,314,259,994,138
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In this work, we proposed a novel subspace sparse coding framework regarding data clustering. Our non-negative local subspace clustering (NLSSC) benefits from a novel locality objective in its formulation which focuses on improving the separability of data points in the coding space. In additi...
1,314,259,994,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Providing \emph{predictable} performance is an important ongoing challenge for distributed computing systems. In distributed settings, a \emph{job} is split into multiple smaller \emph{tasks}, which get spread over separate resources for parallel execution. Task execution times in modern systems ...
1,314,259,994,140
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} \label{se:intro} The progress in micro--structure technology of semi--conductors has made it possible to fabricate a pair of parallel two dimensional (2D) electronic layers that are spatially close to each other. Experimental \cite{DR:Solomon89,DR:Gramila91,DR:Eisenstein92,DR:Gramila93,DR:Gram...
1,314,259,994,141
arxiv
\section{Background and Related Work} \textbf{Neural ranking models.} These models focus on measuring the relevance of sentence pairs. A common practice is to map each sentence to a dense vector separately, and then measure their relevance with a similarity function \citep{DBLP:conf/cikm/HuangHGDAH13, karpukhin-etal-2...
1,314,259,994,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been established at lower energies that the ${\rm J}/\psi$s created in nuclear collisions are suppressed when the system size and the centrality of the collision increase~\cite{SPS}. For heavy enough nuclei the suppression exceeds the {\em normal} nuclear absorption observed with light nuc...
1,314,259,994,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The mapping of natural language text to a defined dictionary of concepts is one of the signature tasks of information extraction and a variety of software has been written to address this problem. We informally assessed a small set of open source and freely available software for this task, befo...
1,314,259,994,144
arxiv
\section*{ {{ Dominance of the light-quark condensate \\ in the heavy-to-light exclusive decays}}} \vspace*{1.5cm} {\bf S. Narison} \\ \vspace{0.3cm} Theoretical Physics Division, CERN\\ CH - 1211 Geneva 23\\ and\\ Laboratoire de Physique Math\'ematique\\ Universit\'e de Montpellier II\\ Place Eug\`ene Bataillon\\ F-34...
1,314,259,994,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{The PIR Model} In the classical model for private information retrieval (PIR) due to Chor, Goldreich, Kushilevitz and Sudan~\cite{CGKS98}, a database $\mathbf{X}$ is replicated across $n$ servers $S_1,S_2,\dotsc,S_n$. A user wishes to retrieve one bit of the database, so sends a que...
1,314,259,994,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Finite strongly coupled systems of charged particles in external traps are of high interest in many fields. Examples include ion crystals~\cite{Wineland1987,drewsen1998}, quantum dots~\cite{Alex2001} and dusty plasma crystals~\cite{Arp2004,bonitz2008pop}. Dusty plasmas allow for an easy realizati...
1,314,259,994,147
arxiv
\section{Motivation} Formal definitions are postponed until Section~\ref{sec:basics}. \smallskip The first comprehensive paper on state complexity was published by A. N. Maslov~\cite{Mas70} in 1970, but this work was unknown in the West for many years. Maslov wrote: \begin{quote} {\it An important measure of the...
1,314,259,994,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Autonomous robots need to interact with their physical environment to fulfill a plethora of tasks. This requires the manipulation of individual objects, for example, to fetch an item or to stow it away. A popular approach to enable such manipulations uses object pose estimation and grasp pose ann...
1,314,259,994,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Point cloud registration is an important task in computer vision, which aims to find a rigid body transformation to align one 3D point cloud (source) to another (target). It has a variety of applications in computer vision, augmented reality and virtual reality, such as ...
1,314,259,994,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Presburger Arithmetic $\PrA$ is the first-order theory of natural numbers with addition. It was introduced by M.~Presburger in 1929 \cite{presburger}. Presburger Arithmetic is complete, recursively-axiomatizable, and decidable. The method of interpretations is a standard tool in model theory ...
1,314,259,994,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sequences with a low correlation have important applications in code-division multiple access (CDMA), spread spectrum systems, and broadband satellite communications \cite{AP07, CHPW15, K10, LHL,Lin,16ZXE}. For these applications, sequences with good parameters, such as a low correlation (includi...
1,314,259,994,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much information has been learned concerning the nature of halos in nuclei from studies of heavy ion break up reactions in which the momentum distributions of the valence nucleons have been found to be very narrow \cite{Ha95}. This observation suggests matter distributions which extend well beyo...
1,314,259,994,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \quad Masses of many particles of Standard Model are below the SM scale and their prediction remains one of the main challenges of theoretical physics. In frames of the AdS/CFT approach and Randall-Sundrum model \cite{Randall} spectra of physical particles are obtained as eigenvalues of equati...
1,314,259,994,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A study of images of topological spaces under certain sequence-covering maps is an important question in general topology \cite{GMT, LJ, Li, LL1, Ls3, LY, LZGG, LC2, YP}. S. Lin and P. F. Yan in \cite{LY} proved that each sequence-covering and compact map on metric spaces is an 1-sequence-co...
1,314,259,994,155
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Since the launch of Silk Road, the first modern dark web marketplace (DWM), in 2011~\cite{christin2013traveling} millions of buyers and sellers have traded in the dark web. DWMs have became popular because their users can anonymously access them through ad-hoc browsers, suc...
1,314,259,994,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Optical spectra are important for the characterization and prediction of material properties, as optical excitations are at the core of e.g., light-emitting devices, laser technology, and photovoltaics. For extended systems many-body perturbation theory~\cite{onida:02,botti-review:07}, a Green's...
1,314,259,994,157
arxiv
\chapter{Auxiliaries} \label{auxiliaries} Although there has been some debate about the lexical category of auxiliaries, the English XTAG grammar follows \cite{mccawley88}, \cite{haegeman91}, and others in classifying auxiliaries as verbs. The category of verbs can therefore be divided into two sets, main or lexical...
1,314,259,994,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much attention has been given recently to the study of large uniform triangulations of the sphere. Historically, these triangulations have been first considered by physicists as a discrete model for quantum gravity. Before the introduction of more direct tools (bijection with trees or peeling pr...
1,314,259,994,159
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The low surface brightness Universe received renewed attention in the last decade. Several specially designed and envisioned projects started to collect very deep data (e.g., van Dokkum et al. 2014; Duc et al. 2015; Rich et al. 2020; B\'ilek et al. 2020). Deep imaging revealed low surface bright...
1,314,259,994,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of hot solar corona ($\ge 10^6$ K) is well-established by observations of solar ultraviolet and X-ray emissions originating in magnetically confined coronal plasma, and the acceleration of fast solar wind that commence from magnetically open coronal regions (Peter and Dwi...
1,314,259,994,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few years the most popular speculative idea in theoretical particle physics has been the possibility that extra spacetime dimensions exist. Much of the interest in this area was stimulated by the realization that constraints on the extra dimensions were relatively mild if only gra...
1,314,259,994,162
arxiv
\section{Related Work}\label{sec:related} \subsection{Assumptions} \subsection{Choice of Utility Function for Resource Allocation Problem} \subsection{Value of Coalition} Table \ref{tab:util1} shows the utilities of different players in a $3$ player-$3$ application setting. Player one was assigned a lin...