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1,314,259,994,163
arxiv
\section{Results} The samples studied are single-crystal GaN layers, codoped with Mn and Mg, each with concentrations lower than 1\%. Their fabrication,architecture, and preliminary characterisation are summarised in the \emph{Methods}. Aware that the incorporation of interstitial hydrogen forming complexes with M...
1,314,259,994,164
arxiv
\section{Conclusion}\label{s.conclusion} In this work, we proposed a novel Cascade Residual Convolutional Neural Network that integrates a multiscale processing strategy (through a developed residual processing module) with a learning-based segmentation mechanism in an attempt to solve the scene change detection p...
1,314,259,994,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Continuous frames extend the concept of frames when the indices are related to some measurable space, see \cite{Ali1, Ra, Gb, Gk}. Apart from expected similarities, this extension pointed out various differences between the ``discrete`` and ``continuous`` theories. For example, continuous ...
1,314,259,994,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1970s, Erd\H{o}s \cite{E71} asked how many edges are needed in a graph on $n$ vertices, in order to ensure the existence of a cycle of length exactly $n-r$? Woodall \cite{W76} determined the Tur\'an numbers of large cycles $C_{\ell}$ for $\ell\in [\lfloor\frac{n+3}{2}\rfloor,n]$ as follow...
1,314,259,994,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) \cite{CCA1,CCA2}, is a classic statistical method for finding the maximally correlated linear transformations of two modalities (or views). Using modalities $\myvec{X}\in \mathbb{R}^{D^x \times N}$ and $\myvec{Y}\in \mathbb{R}^{D^y \times N}$, which are center...
1,314,259,994,168
arxiv
\section*{Introduction and notations} In their ICM talk \cite{SU06}, Skinner and Urban outline a program to connect the order of vanishing of the $L$-functions of certain polarized regular motives with the rank of the associated Bloch-Kato Selmer groups. Their strategy is to deform the motives along certain $p$-adic...
1,314,259,994,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} In \cite{L}, Landsberg studied the issue of whether equilibrium is always an entropy maximum, having in view nonextensive (e.g., gravitational) systems, which has been recently revived under a different point of view in \cite{LYEM}. In the process, he arrived at a connection between ...
1,314,259,994,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction and brief review} In the last few years an enormous effort has been made in order to establish the connection between string theories \cite{green} (especially $E_8 \times E_8$ heterotic string \cite{gross}) and low energy physics. Different schemes for constructing classical string vacua have a...
1,314,259,994,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} \setcounter{equation}{0} The hydrodynamic description of fluids is based on the notion of local equilibrium: in a cell, containing many atoms but still very small on the macroscopic scale, the fluid is in thermal equilibrium. The local equilibrium parameters change slowly in space-t...
1,314,259,994,172
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} This is an introductory set of lectures on the basic ideas and methods of effective field theories (EFTs). Other lectures at the school will go into more details about the most commonly used effective theories in high energy physics and cosmology. Professor Neubert's lectures~\cite{Neubert:dp},...
1,314,259,994,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the main goals of today's experiments in nucleus-nucleus (A+A) collisions is to search for the critical point (CP) of QCD matter \cite{Stephanov:1998dy,Stephanov:1999zu,Stephanov:2004wx,Lacey:2006bc,Aggarwal:2010cw} (see also recent reviews \cite{Luo:2017faz, Gazdzicki:2015ska}). Theore...
1,314,259,994,174
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} \label{sec:ackno} The authors thank Sam Fletcher and Borja Balle for comments on this material. \section{Boosting with the M$\alpha$-loss}\label{sec-boost} \noindent$\triangleright$ \textbf{Boosting decision trees}: We know from the last Section that the M$\alpha$-loss allows, by tuning $\...
1,314,259,994,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is widely believed that quantum computers and generally quantum devices, can outperform their classical counterparts. In particular, there are problems that it is believed a quantum computer could solve efficiently, while a classical computer would require exponentially (in the size of the in...
1,314,259,994,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Finding optimal solutions for combinatorial optimization problems, some of which are known to be NP-hard, is a very important problem. Among many possible approaches to such problems, the application of Ising models to solve real social problems has been getting attention due to...
1,314,259,994,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The LHCb detector is one of the four main detectors that operate at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The LHCb detector consists of a single-arm forward spectrometer operating in the region of pseudorapidity, $1.9<\eta<4.9$. The detector was originally designed to study the production and...
1,314,259,994,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By extracting radio frequency(RF) energy from the nearby wireless access points(APs), the energy constrained wireless devices like wireless sensors can theoretically posses perpetual lifetime \cite{Visser2013Rf}. Comparing with traditional energy harvesting techniques (e.g. solar energy, therm...
1,314,259,994,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Water-vapor (H$_2$O) maser emission ($J_\mathrm{K_{a}K_{c}} = 6_{16}$--$5_{23}$ rotational transition at 22.23508 GHz) is a unique probe to directly investigate the structure and dynamics of active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the (sub-)parsec scale. Since the brightness temperature of H$_2$O maser ...
1,314,259,994,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} \label{sec:intro} \nocite{AGS13} This article is about the well-known statement: `The heat kernel is local'. We will discuss what this means exactly and when it holds. This statement first appeared around 1950, for example in the works of~\cite{MinakshisundaramPleijel49}. They st...
1,314,259,994,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{0.5em} \emph{"To measure is to know."}\hfill--- Lord Kelvin \vspace{0.5em} Internode communication is the crux of supercomputing. We can classify the various components involved in sending a message into one of three categories: CPU, I/O, or network fabric, as shown i...
1,314,259,994,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \gro, an X-ray transient bursting pulsar, was discovered near the Galactic center on 1995 Dec.\ 2 with the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on board the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) (Fishman \etal\ 1995; Kouveliotou \etal\ 1996). Using the BATSE data, Finger \etal\ (1996...
1,314,259,994,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Spectrum sensing is a key step in effectively realizing cognitive radio networks (CRN). In the CR access paradigm, secondary users (SU) in a CRN are allowed to access spectrum reserved for use by licensed or primary users (PU) given that 1) those resources are either cur...
1,314,259,994,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, the old subject of quantum field theories in rigid AdS background \cite{Callan:1989em} turned out to be conveniently seen as a non-gravitational instance of AdS/CFT, suggesting new ideas and methods. For example, flat space scattering amplitudes of a massive theory may be obtained at ...
1,314,259,994,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec::Introduction} \PARstart{A}{} standard technique for estimating sparse signals is through the formulation of an inverse problem with the $\ell_1$ norm as convex proxy for sparsity. In particular, consider the problem of estimating a signal $\vec{x} \in \mathbb{R}^n$ from a noisy obser...
1,314,259,994,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The correspondence between three-dimensional topological field theories and topological invariants of knots and links is well known after the seminal paper of \cite{witten}. From the amplitudes of Chern--Simons field theories it is for instance possible to isolate invariants whic...
1,314,259,994,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The formulae by Erlang provided explicit expressions for percentages of lost customers in certain queueing systems in the stationary regime \cite{Erlang1917}. Erlang models still remain highly important in the modern world. However, what is crucial for applications and what is ...
1,314,259,994,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The question addressed in this review is: What are the properties of the unusual two-sphere singularity discovered by B\"ohmer and Lobo? The answer is given for quantum as well as classical singularity structure. This conference proceeding is based on articles by B\"ohmer and Lobo \cite{BL} and b...
1,314,259,994,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{sec_Introduction.tex} \section{Problem Formulation and Notation} \label{ProblemSection} \input{sec_ProblemFormulation.tex} \section{Main Results} \label{MainResults} \input{sec_MainResults.tex} \section{Proofs} \label{Proofs} \input{sec_Proofs.tex} \section{Implementation an...
1,314,259,994,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the interfacial region formed in diffusion limited \mbox{A $+$ B $\to$ 0}\ type reactions between domains of unlike species has attracted much current interest \cite{Overview}-\cite{KozaHaim}. A natural way to examine this problem is to prepare a system with the components initially ...
1,314,259,994,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:IRS} For almost a quarter of a century, a specter has been haunting string theory: the accelerated expansion of our universe implies an asymptotically and approximately de~Sitter (dS) geometry with a small but positive cosmological constant~\cite{Riess:1998cb, Perlmutter:1998np}. Constru...
1,314,259,994,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction } The overall energy budget of the universe is dictated by dark matter and dark energy with a minor contamination from baryonic matter, where dark energy is supposed to dominate the cosmic landscape causing the acceleration of universe. Since 1998, we have witnessed astrophysical observations, sti...
1,314,259,994,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let ${\mathbb B}_n$ be the open unit ball in $\C^n$ and $H({\mathbb B}_n)$ be the space of all holomorphic functions on ${\mathbb B}_n$. For $f\in H({\mathbb B}_n)$ we use $$Rf(z)=z_1\frac{\partial f}{\partial z_1}(z)+\cdots+z_n\frac{\partial f}{\partial z_n}(z)$$ to denote the radial derivative...
1,314,259,994,194
arxiv
\section{Automatic Calibration System} \label{sec:AutomaticExtrinsicCalibrationSystem} The optimal shape determined in Sec.~\ref{sec:ShapeSensitivity} are used as targets for both intrinsic calibration and extrinsic calibration. Target-based LiDAR-camera extrinsic calibration methods often suffer from manual target ex...
1,314,259,994,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The azimuthal anisotropy of hadron transverse momentum distributions in heavy ion collisions at RHIC is sensitive to the properties of produced matter. In the framework of transport approach, it was shown in Ref.\cite{Zhang99} using the ZPC model \cite{Zhang:1997ej} that the value of the second...
1,314,259,994,196
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We acknowledge V. Kaiser for his help with the Thomas--Fermi model and computation time through CIMENT infrastructure (Rhône-Alpes CPER07\_13 CIRA) and Equip@Meso project (ANR-10-EQPX-29-01). We also acknowledge funding from the ANR project TAMTAM (ANR-15-CE08-0008-01). AS acknowledges fundi...
1,314,259,994,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Pick function of one variable is a holomorphic map from the upper half-plane, which we shall denote by $\Pi$, into $\overline{\Pi}$. A Pick function of two variables is a holomorphic map from $\pitwo$ to $\overline{\Pi}$. The purpose of this note is to extend to two variables certain wel...
1,314,259,994,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Being relevant to a wide range of practical scenarios, the behavior of colloid suspensions near solid surfaces has been thoroughly studied over the years. This research effort consists of several bodies of work, for each of which we can give only a few representative references...
1,314,259,994,199
arxiv
\section{{Introduction and Statement of Results} } \subsection{Inhomogeneous approximation in the plane} Throughout $\psi:\N\to\Rp$ is a monotonic function such that $\psi(t)\to0$ as $t\to\infty$ and will be referred to as an \emph{approximating function}. Given $\psi$ and a point $\bm\theta:=(\theta_1,\theta_2) \in ...
1,314,259,994,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} In linguistics, \textit{code-switching} describes using two (or more) languages (or language varieties) within a single text, conversation, or utterance.% \footnote{The term `code-switching' (sometimes referred to as `codemixing', `codeshifting', `lan...
1,314,259,994,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interest in the nonlinear dynamics of microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS \& NEMS) has grown rapidly over the last few years, driven by a combination of practical needs as well as fundamental questions~\cite{LCreview}. Lithographic fabrication technology allows the con...
1,314,259,994,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The magnetic-field structure in the solar corona is primarily governed by evolution of the photospheric magnetic field. Large-scale systematic flows and random convective motion of plasma on the solar surface redistribute the magnetic field; consequently, the coronal magnetic field evolves in a ...
1,314,259,994,203
arxiv
\section[#1]{#2}\setcounter{equation} {0}} \newcommand{\small\begin{equation}}{\small\begin{equation}} \newcommand{\end{equation}\normalsize\vspace*{-0.1ex}}{\end{equation}\normalsize\vspace*{-0.1ex}} \newcommand{\small\begin{eqnarray}}{\small\begin{eqnarray}} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} \newcommand{\end{eqnarr...
1,314,259,994,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Methods and techniques from nonlinear systems analysis have the potential to greatly enhance the surface analysis capabilities of the atomic force microscope (AFM). The nonlinearity of interest in AFM is the minute force between a very sharp tip and a surface, which depends on the material compo...
1,314,259,994,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} In 1965, Gurari\u\i\ constructed a separable Banach space $\Gur$ of ``almost universal disposition for finite-dimensional spaces'', that is, having the following extension property: for every isometry $g: X \to Y$, where $Y$ is a finite-dimensional Banach space and $X$...
1,314,259,994,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Standard Model of Particle Physics is an extremely successful theory which has been tested experimentally to a high level of accuracy \cite{PDG,Lang}. After the discovery of the top quark the Higgs boson which is predicted to exist by the Standard Model is the only `missing' ingredient...
1,314,259,994,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Future smart factories require flexible production of highly individualized goods in small and medium lot sizes, where reconfigurations of systems occur with high frequencies. To achieve this, such factories require flexibly usable assembly line robots, which can wor...
1,314,259,994,208
arxiv
\subsection{Distribution-Dependent Implicit Bias} We next discuss our second sets of results that argue about \emph{distribution-dependent regularization}. Here we want to study if, for a given distribution, the set of solutions on which SGD converges has some meaningful structure on which we can argue why it general...
1,314,259,994,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section_introduction} As of 2007 the mutual fund industry controlled $23\%$ of household taxable assets in the United States\footnote{ Data is taken from the Investment Company Institute's 2007 fact book available at www.ici.org. }. % In absolute terms this corresponded to 4.4 trillion ...
1,314,259,994,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The role of social networks in shaping collective decisions is widely recognised in today's society. Recent political developments, from fake news to data leaks, have also brought to light their powerful role in potentially altering election results, and, therefore, their vulnerability to various...
1,314,259,994,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{General setting} Dunes are land formations of sand which are subject to different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind or water or some other mobile medium. In the case of dunes in the desert their shapes depend mainly on the amount of sand available and on t...
1,314,259,994,212
arxiv
\subsection{The auxiliary linear quadratic problem} Let (LQ) denote the optimal control problem defined by \eqref{LQ.cost}-\eqref{LQ.constraints} below \begin{align} \label{LQ.cost} \text{minimize } & \Omega_{\mathcal{P}_2}({\bar\xi}, \bar{u}, \bar{y}, \bar{h})\\ \nonumber \text{subject to} & \\ \label{LQ.dynamics...
1,314,259,994,213
arxiv
\section*{References} \bibliographystyle{unsrt}
1,314,259,994,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Lattice QCD is proving to be a powerful and precise tool for quantitative studies in a wide range of non-perturbative hadronic processes in general and in flavour physics and the extraction of CKM matrix elements from experimental measurements in particular. Until relatively rec...
1,314,259,994,215
arxiv
\section{\label{sec1}Introduction} ZnO is a promising material for photocatalysis~\cite{Maeda} and photovoltaic applications.~\cite{Law, Riaz} Mn substituting for the divalent cation in ZnO introduces a Mn$^{2+}$/Mn$^{3+}$ level located in the forbidden gap.~\cite{Johnson} The mid-gap position of Mn$^{2+}$ has been alr...
1,314,259,994,216
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Functional flow equations permit to interpolate continuously from the microscopic or classical action to the macroscopic or quantum effective action. For Yang Mills theories and quantum gravity local gauge symmetries play a central role. A functional renormalization approach to such theories s...
1,314,259,994,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The long-standing trend of miniaturizing electronic components is expected to encounter serious obstacles in the not too distance future. Despite the impressive successes in designing electronic components down to the atomic and molecular scales, serious dif{fi}culties are anticipated in assembl...
1,314,259,994,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formal methods community has studied many approaches for automatic verification that are diverse and even seemingly disparate. Two of the main approaches for verifying safety by the automatic inference of inductive invariants are abstract interpretation~\cite{DBLP:conf/popl/CousotC77} and m...
1,314,259,994,219
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} Research reported in this publication was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health \& Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R03HD101083. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily r...
1,314,259,994,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The extremely high densities reached in the cores of compact stars make those astrophysical objects the natural place for the realization of color superconductivity. If the core matter density is high enough to guarantee the quark deconfinement, but sufficiently low to consider the decoupling of...
1,314,259,994,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \footnote{“© 20XX IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or red...
1,314,259,994,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Index coding studies the optimal coding and rate requirements in a network with a single sender and multiple receivers connected by a noiseless broadcast link. In index coding, the sender is assumed to have $m$ messages and each receiver \emph{knows} a subset of the $m$ messages and \emph{wants}...
1,314,259,994,223
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} Following earlier ideas\con\ROLIVE\RIBANEZ\RSTROM\RDUFF\RTOL\RGAZU\RODD\RDEROO\RSTW\noc\ we have proposed recently\con\RDUALITY\RDYON\noc\ that the toroidally compactified heterotic string theory\RNARAIN\RNSW\ in four dimensions may be invariant under an SL(2,Z) group of transformations. These t...
1,314,259,994,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present work is based on our previous paper \cite{Tresguerres:2007ih}. There we studied jointly gravitation and electrodynamics in the form of a gauge theory of the Poincar\'e group times the internal group $U(1)$. Following the approach of Hehl et al. to gauge theories of gravity \cite{He...
1,314,259,994,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Abundant applications raise the demands of training and inference deep neural networks (DNNs) efficiently on diverse hardware platforms ranging from cloud servers to embedded devices. Moreover, computational graph-level optimization of deep neural network, like tensor ope...
1,314,259,994,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many Isabelle users are familiar with the following scenario once their formal developments reach a certain size: \begin{quote}\sl You make a change high up in the theory hierarchy but then want to continue with your latest theory that is a leaf of the hierarchy. So you initiate a build of an Is...
1,314,259,994,227
arxiv
\section*{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:Smalealphatheory}} The proof of the theorem relies in the following three lemmas, stated for $f\in\mathcal{P}_{n,\bfd}[n]$ and $x,y\in\mathbb{F}^n$. \begin{lem}\label{lem:inversegamma} If $\gamma(f,x)\|x-y\|<1$, then $\mathrm{D}_y f$ is invertible and $\|\mathrm{D}_y f^{-1}\mathrm...
1,314,259,994,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The physics of collisionless shock waves is of paramount importance in modern astrophysics, as it governs a variety of phenomena, most notably the emission of high energy radiation. In particular, the afterglow radiation of gamma-ray bursts is generally attributed to the synchrotron emission of e...
1,314,259,994,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathscr{F}$ be a filter over a regular uncountable cardinal $\kappa$. We say that \emph{Galvin's property} holds for $\mathscr{F}$ (in symbols, ${\rm Gal}(\mathscr{F},\kappa,\kappa^+)$) if every family $\langle C_\gamma\mid \gamma<\kappa^+\rangle \subseteq\mathscr{F}$ admits a subfamily $\l...
1,314,259,994,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A stellar tidal disruption event (TDE) happens when a star passes within the Roche radius of a massive black hole. As the streams of stellar debris circularize and are accreted by the black hole, we can expect a luminous flare of thermal emission \citep{Rees88}. The first (candidates) of these st...
1,314,259,994,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Venous obstruction is a common pathological condition of the lower extremities, which reduces the vessel patency and hence the blood flow. Venous obstruction can be a result of a non-thrombotic syndrome (like May-Thurner and venous insufficiency) or an acute/chronic venous thrombosis~\citep{Murp...
1,314,259,994,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \renewcommand1.3{1.3} Non-decoupling effects of heavy particles in the low energy observables have been for a long time an indirect but crucial test for the discovery of new particles. The most recent example is the top quark, which contributes significantly to the observables that measure the ...
1,314,259,994,233
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Telescope observing time is very precious. In particular, minimising the calibration overheads for the unavoidable telluric absorption feature correction would lead to a highly increased efficiency as the required observations have to be done directly before or after the actual science frames wi...
1,314,259,994,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction to the main result} Throughout the paper, we use the following conventions: \begin{itemize} \item The Greek letters $\alpha,\beta,\cdots$ denote indices from $0$ to $3$. The capital Latin letters $A,B,\cdots$ denote indices from $1$ to $2$. The little Latin letters $i,j,k,\cdots$ denote indices ...
1,314,259,994,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tissue classification~(\cite{gurcan2009histopathological,FUCHS2011515}), also known as tissue phenotyping, aims to use computer algorithms to automatically recognize different tissue types in the Whole Slide Images (WSIs). It is one of the fundamental tasks in computational pathology~(\cite{srini...
1,314,259,994,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} The Hirota equation (T system) is ubiquitous in the theory of quantum integrable systems \cite{Hirota:1981, Kulish:1981bi, Kirillov:1987zz, Bazhanov:1987zu, Klumper:1992vt, Kuniba:1993cn, Bazhanov:1994ft, Fioravanti:1995cq, Krichever:1996qd, Zabrodin:1998, Gromov:2008gj, Gromov:2009...
1,314,259,994,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The effective monitoring of degenerative patient conditions represents a significant challenge in many clinical decision-making problems and has given rise to the development of numerous mathematical and computational models \cite{brownell1999dopamine,gratwicke2017early,llano...
1,314,259,994,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Visual object recognition is fundamental to our daily lives. Identifying and categorizing objects in the environment is essential for human survival, indeed our brain is able to assign the correct object class within a fraction of a second, independent of substantial variations ...
1,314,259,994,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The advent of quantum information theory has brought with it the idea that there is a limited sense in which physical systems -- not necessarily human or conscious -- might be said to perform observations. For instance, the reduction in visibility of quantum interference phenomena traditionally ...
1,314,259,994,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has long been speculated that the vast energy of supernova remnants (SNRs) is tapped to produce the bulk of Galactic cosmic rays. Those SNRs interacting with molecular clouds are excellent targets to detect evidence of cosmic ray acceleration. The nearby dense gas acts as a target for hadroni...
1,314,259,994,241
arxiv
\section{An imaging search campaign for wide companions of exoplanet host stars} Some of the exoplanet host stars were found to be components of binary systems and first statistical differences between exoplanets around single stars and exoplanets located in binary systems were already reported by Zucker \& Mazeh (200...
1,314,259,994,242
arxiv
\section{Depolarizing channel} The Kraus operators of depolarizing channel for a single qubit are given by \begin{equation} \begin{split}E_0 = \sqrt{1- {3 \over 4} p} \mathds{1}, \ \ E_1 = \sqrt{{p \over 4}}\sigma_x, \\ E_2 = \sqrt{{p \over 4}}\sigma_y, \ \ E_3 = \sqrt{{p \over 4}}\sigma_z, \end{split} \end{equation} ...
1,314,259,994,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} The Sun often produces major eruptive phenomena that release vast amount of energy on the order of $10^{32}$ erg in a few seconds to minutes. It is now accepted that the source of energy for all of this solar activity is from magnetic fields. Active regions (ARs) are higher concen...
1,314,259,994,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Assistive devices such as robotic arms and powered wheelchairs are designed to return independence to people with motor impairments such as spinal cord injury (SCI), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and cerebral palsy (CP), among others. Controlling assistive devices can be challenging---esp...
1,314,259,994,245
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement} This work was partially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 4222027, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61872369 and 82161148011, Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program under Grant No. BJJWZYJH012019100020098, and the Outstanding In...
1,314,259,994,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interaction of energetic particles with the solar wind is a topic of wide interest in space physics and astrophysics. Several varieties of charged particles populate the heliosphere, including energetic particles originating at the sun (solar energetic particles, or SEPs) and galactic cosmic...
1,314,259,994,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Often the experimentalist needs a low-noise preamplifier for the analysis of low-frequency components (below 10 Hz) from a 50 \ohm\ source. The desired amplifier chiefly exhibits low residual flicker and high thermal stability, besides low white noise. Thermal stability withou...
1,314,259,994,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Strongly coupled plasmas produced in experiments are often far from thermal equilibrium. Ultracold neutral plasmas and the dense plasmas in sonoluminescent bubbles, for instance, can have electron and ion temperatures that differ by an order of magnitude or more~\cite{KillianPR...
1,314,259,994,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, the higher-order cumulants of net-particle distributions have been actively measured in heavy-ion collision experiments to study QCD phase structure~\cite{bookKoch,Asakawa:2015ybt,Luo:2017faz,Bzdak:2019pkr}. Higher-order cumulants ($C_{r}$, $r\leq6$) and their ratios of net-par...
1,314,259,994,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Bounds} Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are a prediction of some of the best-motivated beyond the standard model physics scenarios (see, e.g.~\autocite{jaeckel_low-energy_2010,cicoli_axion-like_2013,ringwald_axions_2014} for reviews). Many of their properties are determined by t...
1,314,259,994,251
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction} Genome dynamics is an important problem in population genetics [1-3] and in molecular evolution [4-9]. Many authors investigated dynamics of evolution [10-13]. The Crow-Kimura and the Eigen models are very popular in evolution theory, describing quite well population genetics, the RNA virus e...
1,314,259,994,252
arxiv
\subsection*{Acknowledgments} The authors would like to acknowledge enlightening conversations with Ben Goldys, which led to a convenient approximation scheme used in \S\ref{sec:Ex}, as well as useful discussions with Michael Cowling and Bill McLean, and bibliographical suggestions of Hans Triebel. The research of GF a...
1,314,259,994,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}} After the seminal work \cite{Garcia-Garcia:2016mno,Cotler:2016fpe}, the spectral form factor is intensively studied as a diagnostic of the quantum chaotic behavior of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model \cite{KitaevTalks,Sachdev,Maldacena:2016hyu}, which is a solvable example of t...
1,314,259,994,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The re-emergence of Deep Learning~\cite{DeepLearningBook2016} has demonstrated significant success in difficult real-world domains such as image \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet}, audio \cite{audio} and video processing \cite{videoCVPR}. Deep Learning is recently being increasingly applied to structu...
1,314,259,994,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Topological entanglement entropy (TEE), first introduced in condensed matter physics \cite{KitaevPreskill,LevinWen}, has been widely used to characterize topological phases. It is the constant subleading term (relative to the area-law term) in the entanglement entropy, only dep...
1,314,259,994,256
arxiv
\section*{For further information please contact us:} \maketitle \thispagestyle{plain} \begin{abstract} \emph{Finite Sample Smeariness} (FSS) has been recently discovered. It means that the distribution of sample Fr\'echet means of underlying rather unsuspicious random variables can behave as if it were smeary f...
1,314,259,994,257
arxiv
\section*{Intrinsic \& Extrinsic Geometry} In thin structures, the effect of mechanical or chemical stimuli can be represented mathematically by a target metric~$\overline{a}$ -- a tensor that describes what the local distances between points should be in response to the applied stimuli\cite{Efrati2009}. The actual dis...
1,314,259,994,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Almost two decades ago Weinberg proposed a way to extend baryon chiral perturbation theory to few-nucleon systems \cite{Weinberg:rz,Weinberg:um}. These seminal papers triggered an intensive research activity starting with the pioneering work of Ref.~\cite{Ordonez:1992xp}. In ...
1,314,259,994,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of results} The main goal of this paper is to study zeros of hypergeometric series in the $p$-adic setting introduced by D. McCarthy \cite{mccarthy-ijnt-2, mccarthy-pacific}. We also establish analogues of classical hypergeometric series transformations, particularly very special cas...
1,314,259,994,260
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The authors acknowledge useful discussions with the participants of the CETUP2012 workshop. This work was supported by U.S. DOE under contract DE-FG02-12ER41808.
1,314,259,994,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interactions between water waves and sea ice are a key mechanism for the polar regions, as they participate in shaping the extent and quality of sea ice covers. Better quantitative understanding of these interactions could lead to improved sea state and climate models and better predictions of s...
1,314,259,994,262
arxiv
\section{A theorem of existence and uniqueness} Let $\Omega$ be (the interior of) a triangular domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$, the cartesian $\{x,y\}$ plane, with vertices $O=(0,0)$, $A=(2a,0)$, $B=(a,a)$, where $a$ is a positive real number. Note that the triangle $OAB$ is rectangular and $\overline{OB}=\overline{BA}$. Let...