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1,116,691,498,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of trace spaces (on the boundary of a domain) for Sobolev spaces on Euclidean domains is associated with the Dirichlet boundary value problem related to elliptic differential equations. Certain types of Dirichlet problems are guaranteed to have solutions when the boundary data arise...
1,116,691,498,116
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the celebrated Kondo problem, a seemingly innocuous magnetic impurity coupled to a band of itinerant electrons gives rise to an infrared logarithmic divergence in not only resistivity but also almost all thermodynamic and kinetic properties \cite{kondo,hewson}. To interpret this logarithmic...
1,116,691,498,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pipeline architecture is known for a very long time and used to increase the throughput of digital blocks\wzcite{Hallin1972880}. This concept has been also early adopted to signal or data processing systems implemented in FPGA\wzcite{614780}. The pipeline architecture allows to increase t...
1,116,691,498,118
arxiv
\section{Discussion and Future Directions}\label{sec:discussion} Over the past two decades, the field of {\sc nlg} has advanced considerably, and many of these recent advances have not been covered in a comprehensive survey yet. This paper has sought to address this gap, with the following goals: \begin{enumerate} \...
1,116,691,498,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although much has been learnt from the study of Galactic classical novae (CNe), it is clear that Galactic data are not ideal for establishing the population characteristics of novae because these data are often heavily biased by selection effects. To-date no RNe have been identified outside the...
1,116,691,498,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Predictions for structure functions in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) including perturbative corrections in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) have recently been advanced to an unprecedented level of precision over a wide kinematical region of Bjorken $x$ and $Q^2 = -q^2$, ...
1,116,691,498,121
arxiv
\section*{\bf 1 Introduction} \end{center} $$ $$ When, in a gauge theory, the local generators of gauge transformations are reducible, the quantization rules are known only in the case where the reducibility has a finite number of stages [1]. The case of infinite reducibility is also of interest [1-4] but in this ...
1,116,691,498,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} The partially filled 5$f$ electronic shell exhibits itinerant-localized dual nature which remains a long-standing issue in condensed matter physics~\cite{LAReview}. The itinerant 5$f$ states embodied by the noticeable hybridization with conduction bands and the localization degr...
1,116,691,498,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Solar irradiance varies on short timescales from minutes to hours as well as long time scales of days, years, decades and beyond. The variations at the different time scales originate from different processes in the solar atmosphere. The short time scales - other than reconnection processes such ...
1,116,691,498,124
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The ongoing Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey \citep[VLASS;][]{VLASS} is the first radio all-sky survey that is sensitive to several classes of slowly evolving extragalactic radio transients, including flares from active galactic nuclei (AGN), core-collapse ...
1,116,691,498,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classification of C*-algebras is a research programme initiated by the work of Glimm, Dixmier, Bratteli and Elliott. After some recent breakthroughs, the combination of work of many many mathematicians over several decades has culminated in the complete classification of unital separable simple ...
1,116,691,498,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When studying stellar nucleosynthesis and chemical enrichment, it is difficult to optically distinguish between isotopes of a given element, since their atomic lines are blended. However, microwave lines from rare isotopic substitutions of a given molecular species, so-called ``isotopologues'...
1,116,691,498,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supersymmetry (SUSY) provides an elegant solution to naturally resolve the gauge hierarchy problem within the Standard Model (SM), and presuming $R$ parity conservation, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) neutralino serves as a viable cold dark matter (CDM) candidate~\cite{Goldberg:1983n...
1,116,691,498,128
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} One of the reasons that $C^*$-algebras are so well studied is that they have a very deep representation theory. Understanding the spectrum or primitive ideal space of a $C^*$-algebra, and in particular the topology on these spaces, can reveal a great deal of information about the underlying al...
1,116,691,498,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) plays a core role in many quantum algorithms \cite{Hallgren:02, Shor:94, Shor:05, Szegedy:04, WCNA:09}. Some interesting algebraic and theoretic problems can be addressed by QPE, such as prime factorization \cite{Shor:94}, discrete-log finding \cite{Shor:05}, ...
1,116,691,498,130
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An important problem in the social sciences is estimating the effect of a discrete intervention on a continuous outcome over time. When interventions take place at an aggregate level (e.g., a state), researchers make causal inferences by comparing the post-intervention (``post-period'') outcome...
1,116,691,498,131
arxiv
\section{General Overview} The \aipcls{} is a \LaTeXe{} document class for conference proceedings of the American Institute of Physics and other documents with similar layout requirements. Your file will be used to reproduce your paper as is, the only modifications done by the publisher are adding appropriate page n...
1,116,691,498,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cataclysmic Variables are at the low mass end of objects known as Interactive Binaries, where the primary, more massive and accreting component is a White Dwarf. The secondary is a pre-main sequence late type star that fills its Roche lobe and loses matter through the inner Lagrangian point...
1,116,691,498,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Part I (Sekanina \& Kracht 2017; hereafter Paper~1) the orbit of comet C/1995 O1 was determined from astrometric observations covering an arc of 17.6~yr; the conditions were examined that existed at the time of a predicted close encounter with Jupiter on $-$2251 November 7; a correlation was e...
1,116,691,498,134
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Perovskite transition-metal oxides challenge electronic structure theory since several decades, due to the variety of collective structural, electronic, and magnetic phenomena w...
1,116,691,498,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} In recent years, model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated the capacity to learn sophisticated behavior in complex environments. Starting with Deep Q-Networks (DQN) achieving human-level performance on Atari games \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/Mnih...
1,116,691,498,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In non-parametric classification, we are given a \emph{training set} \ensuremath{P}\xspace consisting of $n$ points in a metric space $(\metricSet,\metricFunc)$\xspace, with domain $\mathcal{X}$ and distance function $\textup{\textsf{d}}: \mathcal{X}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}$. Additionally,...
1,116,691,498,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The application of neural networks (NNs) as approximation architecture in numerical solution methods of partial differential equations (PDEs), possibly on high-dimensional parameter- and state-spaces, has attracted significant and increasing attention in recent years. We mention...
1,116,691,498,138
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study admissible extensions of several theories $T$ of reverse mathematics. The idea is that in such an extension the structure $\mathfrak{M} =(\mathbb{N},\mathbb{S},\in)$ of the natural numbers and collection of sets of natural numbers $\mathbb{S}$ has to obey the axioms of $T$...
1,116,691,498,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Conformal field theories (CFTs) play an important role in many aspects of theoretical physics, from the concrete study of physical systems at criticality to abstract problems in mathematical physics. Although some CFTs can be given a weakly coupled description, the most interesting and commonly ...
1,116,691,498,140
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, an essential ingredient of the theory of general relativity (GR) \cite{Einstein1917As}, was guided by the idea that the evolution of the Universe should be static \cite{Tawfik:2011mw,Tawfik:2008cd}. This model was subsequently refuted and acco...
1,116,691,498,141
arxiv
\section{Compactness of the operators $T_1$ and $T_2$}\label{T_1-compact} Here we use notations from the algorithm of Subsection \ref{Alg_statement} to prove the compactness of the operator $T_j$ given by equation (\ref{T_j}) for $j=1, 2$. The proof requires several steps. Let us first prove that the operator $T_1$...
1,116,691,498,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Physics motivation} The charmless hadronic decay $B_s^0 \rightarrow \eta^\prime \eta$ is suppressed in the Standard Model (SM) and proceeds only through transitions sensitive to Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics~\cite{Bevan:2014iga}. BSM scenarios, such as a fourth generation ...
1,116,691,498,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Humans are able to understand a very large variety of complex actions performed by others. Automatic monitoring of human actions is, on the other hand, a long-standing and challenging problem in computer vision. In the literature, one finds substantial efforts along the lines of temporal seg...
1,116,691,498,144
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last decades the searches for a dark matter (DM) signal from the Sun were performed looking for possible excesses of neutrinos or gamma-rays associated with the Sun's direction. However, as it was noted in Ref.~\cite{Schuster:2009fc}, several DM models that have been recently develope...
1,116,691,498,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} In this article, we present predictions for mass-loss rates and velocity structures for a grid of $\textrm{O}$-type stars, using two distinct methods for solving the wind dynamics. Mass loss forms an integral aspect characterizing massive $\textrm{O}$-type stars. Be...
1,116,691,498,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Forces developed by contracting skeletal muscle depend on the structure and geometry of the contracting fascicles, and their interaction with the surrounding connective tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of the internal structure of the muscles in 3D, and the changes to this ...
1,116,691,498,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:two} Microlensing constitutes one of the major methods to detect and characterize extrasolar planets \citep{mao91, gould92a}. The method is sensitive to planets that are difficult to be detected by using other methods such as cool planets at or beyond the snow line \citep{bond04, g...
1,116,691,498,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study regularity properties of induced cost (under several criteria) on a controlled diffusion process with respect to a control topology defined by Borkar \cite{Bor89}, and implications of these properties on existence and, in particular, approximations for optimal controlled ...
1,116,691,498,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Accurate prediction of the timing is of great importance in clinical research and practice to facilitate preparation for renal replacement therapy and individualize clinical decisi...
1,116,691,498,150
arxiv
\section{Model and Simulation Results} Though the previous work found that the replotted road networks of cities have scale-free characteristics \cite{Rosvall}, there is no well-accepted model for these networks up to now. Without losing generality, our simulation starts from generating the urban transportation networ...
1,116,691,498,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The existence of strong electron correlations (SEC), due to the significant Coulomb interaction of holes in $d_{x^2-y^2}$-orbitals of copper ions, essentially complicates the study of low-temperature properties of cuprate high-temperature superconductors (HTSC). On the other han...
1,116,691,498,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{int} In the paper \cite{SM} Smilansky suggested a mathematical model which he called "The irreversible quantum graph". In this model a one-dimensional quantum graph interacts with a finite system of harmonic oscillators attached at different points of the graph. Regardless of the physical...
1,116,691,498,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Related Work} A tremendous amount of recent research has focused on approaches towards generating responses for conversations in an open-domain setting \cite{radford2019language,xing2018hierarchical,wolf2019transfertransfo}. An equally challenging task for natural language generation systems ...
1,116,691,498,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider timelike maximal surfaces in a three dimensional vacuum spacetime $({\mycal M}^{1 + 2},{\mathfrak{g}})$. These surfaces are usually referred to as relativistic strings in the literature. The case of non-compact timelike maximal graphs in Minkowski spacetimes ${\mathbb R}^{1 + n}$ i...
1,116,691,498,155
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Structure models of quasicrystals are usually based on the asumption of either energetical or entropical stabilization of the material. Random tilings as possible structure models of the second kind where proposed \cite{Elser} soon after the discovery of quasicrystals and studied thoroughly s...
1,116,691,498,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{acl2023.bbl} \bibliographystyle{acl_natbib} \clearpage \section{Appendix} \begin{table*}[htb] \newcolumntype{?}{!{\vrule width 1pt}} \newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{40em}} \centering \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.0} \small \scalebox{0.95}{ \be...
1,116,691,498,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Still growing interest in extremal black holes is motivated by their unusual and not fully understood nature. The problems of entropy, semiclassical configurations, interactions with matter, and information paradox have not been resolved completely. Apart from their global structure and behav...
1,116,691,498,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The tunneling decay of particles trapped in an external potential $V(\vec{x})$ is a problem often encountered in nuclear, atomic and molecular physics. The most famous example is arguably the alpha decay of nuclei for which Gamow calculated the decay rates semiclassically \cite{Gamo28}. For a ...
1,116,691,498,159
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} In this paper we discuss the explicit formulas for the solution of the following singular generalized heat and wave equations on the Euclidian space $R^n$:\\ $$ \left \{\begin{array}{cc}\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial t}+\frac{k}{t}\right) u(t,X)=\Delta u(t,X);(t,X)\in \R^\ast_+\times R^n\\ u(...
1,116,691,498,160
arxiv
\section*{Checklist} \newpage \section{Introduction} Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)~\citep{DBLP:conf/iclr/KipfW17, DBLP:conf/iclr/VelickovicCCRLB18, NEURIPS2018_53f0d7c5} have achieved great practical successes in many real-world applications, such as chemistry \citep{pires2015pkcsm}, molecular biology \cit...
1,116,691,498,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Towards the end of the introduction of \cite{hrushovski:kazhdan:integration:vf} three hopes for the future of the theory of motivic integration are mentioned. We propose to investigate one of them in a series of papers: additive invariants and integration in $o$\nobreakdash-minimal...
1,116,691,498,162
arxiv
\section*{ABSTRACT} The Cosmic Neutrinos Background (\textbf{CNB}) are Primordial Neutrinos decoupled when the Universe was very young. Its detection is complicated, especially if we take into account neutrino mass and a possible breaking of Lorentz Invariance at high energy, but has a fundamental relevance to study t...
1,116,691,498,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In April 2019 the \textit{Criminal Code Amendment (Sharing of Abhorrent Violent Material) Act 2019} (Cth) criminalised the failure to report and/or remove Australian-related Abhorrent Violent Material (AVM)\footnote{``the most egregious, violent audio, visual material perpetrated by the perpetrat...
1,116,691,498,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The coherent transfer of quantum states between light and atoms has been the subject of much research, both experimentally and theoretically, motivated by potential applications in quantum computing, quantum cryptography and teleportation. While the transfer of quantum states from light to a sing...
1,116,691,498,165
arxiv
\section{Band structure of the spin filter using micropillars of different diameters} In this section, we consider micropillars of two different diameters to construct the honeycomb lattice. In the considered system two types of micropilars have different mode localization energies due to their different diameters, wh...
1,116,691,498,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The solution of the linear Boltzmann equation (LBE) is computationally expensive due to its high dimensionality. Studies of numerical techniques focus mostly on the steady mono-energetic form being the building block for more complex cases. Discretization is generally pe...
1,116,691,498,167
arxiv
\section{Implementation Details} \label{appendix:implementation} \begin{table*}[t] \centering \caption{Hypeparameter specifications.} \begin{tabular}{ccccccccccc} \toprule Dataset & \(p_{e,1}\) & \(p_{e,2}\) & \(p_{f,1}\) & \(p_{f,2}\) & \(p_\tau\) & \(\tau\) & \makecell{Learning\\rate} & \makecell{Training\\e...
1,116,691,498,168
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Material} \subsection{The dielectric constant} Here we elaborate on the understanding of the dielectric constant $\epsilon_c$. In BKT theory, the vortex system is descibed by the Hamiltonian \begin{eqnarray} \frac{{\cal H}_v}{k_BT}=&-&\pi K\int d^2{\mathbf r} \int d^2{\mathbf r'}n(\mathbf r...
1,116,691,498,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Determining cloud coverage over a specific location at a given time plays an important role in forecasting key weather related parameters like rainfall, humidity, and solar irradiance~\cite{ma2018application}. Additionally, exact spread of the clouds has been proven to affect t...
1,116,691,498,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neutron stars observed in nature are magnetized objects with the magnetic field strength at the surface in the range of $10^{9}$-$10^{13}$~G~\cite{LGS}. For a special class of neutron stars such as soft gamma-ray repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars, the field strength can be much larger and ...
1,116,691,498,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Performing real-world tasks such as cooking meals or assembling furniture requires an agent to determine long-term strategies. This is often formulated as a \emph{planning} problem. In traditional AI literature, symbolic planners have shown remarkable capability in solving high-level reasoning pr...
1,116,691,498,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the dynamics of self-gravitating systems began with the pioneering work by Jeans \cite{Jeans1929}, who showed that, within the framework of the Euler equations with a gravitational potential obeying the Poisson equation, perturbations with the wavelength $\lambda$ greater than...
1,116,691,498,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bilayer graphene\cite{novoselov2005,novoselov2006,mccann2006,guinea2006,latil2006,partoens2006,partoens2007,koshino2009} has been intensely studied in the last few years, mainly due to the tunability of its band-gap by an electric field. The two layers can be oriented differently, but what is m...
1,116,691,498,174
arxiv
\subsection{Introduction} In the past decade, precision experiments of ultracold quantum gases at unitarity have enabled the study of transport phenomena in strongly coupled systems \cite{2004PhRvA..70e1401K,2007PhRvL..98q0401J,2008PhRvA..78e3609R,Cao:2010wa,Vogt:2011np,2012Sci...335..563K}. Usually, transport phenome...
1,116,691,498,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The two prevalent themes in auction theory are revenue maximization for seller - referred to as \textit{optimality}, and social welfare maximization - referred to as \textit{efficiency}. For example, $\text{VCG \cite{Clarke71,Groves73,Vickrey61}}$ is the most widely studied efficient auction, wh...
1,116,691,498,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Visual object tracking, which tracks a specified target in a changing video sequence automatically, is a fundamental problem in many aspects such as visual analytics \cite{c5}, automatic driving \cite{c6}, pose estimation \cite{c8} and et al. On the one hand, a core problem of tracking is how to...
1,116,691,498,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The single-particle momentum distribution plays an important role in our understanding of the ground-state properties of quantum many-particle systems~\cite{si.so.89,west.75}. It is defined as the average number of particles with momentum {\bf k} in an N-particle system, $n({\bf k})=\langle \Psi...
1,116,691,498,178
arxiv
\section{Historical review and methodology.} The one of the question which naturaly appears in all algebraic studies, is the question of the classification (up to isomorphism) of the algebraic objects from some class. One of the classical example of this kind of results is the classification of the semisimple finite d...
1,116,691,498,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introd} The associated Legendre functions are an important class of special functions that appear in a wide range of problems of mathematical physics. The physical importance of these functions is related to the fact that they appear as solutions of the field theory equations in vari...
1,116,691,498,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The subject of open quantum systems has undergone substantial growth in the last three decades, starting with contributions to the field of fundamental quantum physics with the aim of understanding the process of decoherence. Based on the von Neumann approach to the reduction of the state v...
1,116,691,498,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S_introduction} \noindent Outflows, produced by Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and intense episodes of star-formation, have been proposed to play a crucial role in regulating the built up of stellar mass and black-hole mass growth through negative and positive feedback (see e.g. \citealt{K...
1,116,691,498,182
arxiv
\section*{References}% \begin{quotation}\mbox{}\par} \def\refer#1\par{{\setlength{\parindent}{-\leftmargin}\indent#1\par}} \def\end{quotation}{\end{quotation}} {\noindent\small{\bf Abstract:} The complexity of composite spectra of close binaries makes the study of the individual stellar spectra extremely difficult. For...
1,116,691,498,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Linear quadratic (LQ) stochastic games have attracted a great deal of attention in the control and related community due to its wide applicability in stochastic control, minimax control, multi-agent systems and economics \cite{basar1995dynamic}, \cite{engwerda2005lq}, \cite{foley1971class}, \ci...
1,116,691,498,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The structure of nuclei far from stability is of primary interest within low-energy nuclear physics. The Nuclear Shell Model has long been established as the backbone of isotopic structure, correctly reproducing the canonical magic numbers ($N,Z = 2,8,20,28,50,82$) for protons and neutrons for s...
1,116,691,498,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Toxic comment detection on social media has proven to be essential for content moderation. According to the French Minister of Education, 18\% of French students were victims of harassment on social networks in 2021. At the same time, the number of posts on these platforms has been increasing. I...
1,116,691,498,186
arxiv
\section{Experimental} Polycrystalline samples of (Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{3}$Mo$_{3}$N, where $0 \le x \le 1$, were synthesized by a solid-state reaction of a mixture of transition metal oxides in a H$_{2}$-N$_{2}$ mixed gas stream \cite{Prior}. Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$, Co$_{3}$O$_{4}$, and MoO$_{3}$ were mixed in a molar ratio...
1,116,691,498,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Selection of a suitable loss function is crucial in order to train a neural network for a desired task. For a given neural network architecture \cite{resnet,vgg} and optimization procedure \cite{kingma2014adam}, the profile of the loss function largely governs what is learnt by the neural network...
1,116,691,498,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, the formation of the first stars occurred in the redshift range $30 \gtrsim z \gtrsim 20$ (\citealt{BL01, Miralda_E_2003, Bromm_Yoshida_2011, Stacy_2014, Hummel_2014}, for a recent and extensive review see also \citealt{Br...
1,116,691,498,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} The regulation of star formation in galaxies and building-up of their stellar mass are hot topics and major unresolved issues in the research of the galaxy formation and evolution. Galactic scale winds in cooperation with the gas feeding and the star formation efficiency are ...
1,116,691,498,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much efforts have been devoted to the study of high Reynolds number turbulence, assuming the properties of local homogeneity and isotropy. Under these assumptions it has been shown~\cite{mon71} that, in between the integral scale at which energy is fed into the flow and the dissipative scale at w...
1,116,691,498,191
arxiv
\section{Commutative origins} Henry Helson is known for his work in harmonic analysis, function theory, invariant subspaces and related areas of commutative functional analysis. I don't know the extent to which Henry realized, however, that some of his early work inspired significant developments in noncommutat...
1,116,691,498,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Asteroids are small rocky bodies left over from the planet formation era. Although their internal structure is not well constrained, the images of a handful of asteroids have provided us with the clues to the origins of their surface features \cite[e.g.,][]{Asphaug2002ASTE,Chapman2...
1,116,691,498,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The \emph{(directed) Bruhat graph} $\widehat{\Gamma}$ of a Coxeter group $W$ is the directed graph with vertex set $W$ and directed edges $w \to wt$ whenever $\ell(wt)>\ell(w)$; we write $\widehat{\Gamma}(u,v)$ for its restriction to a Bruhat interval $[u,v] \subset W$. These g...
1,116,691,498,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ``biological impossibility'' of reprogramming adult somatic cells to the pluripotent state had been accepted as a dogma for a long time in biology~\cite{Solter:84}. This view was radically changed by the work of John B. Gurdon in 1962 who showed that a nucleus from a fully differentiated fro...
1,116,691,498,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the essential results in probability theory on groups is Kesten's theorem \cite{Kesten}: the probability of return to identity of a random walk on a group $\Gamma$ decreases exponentially fast if and only if $\Gamma$ is non amenable. A natural question is to extend this to other su...
1,116,691,498,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We suppose that the data-generating process $X$ is defined on the stochastic basis $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathcal{F}_t, P)$ and it is the solution of the one-dimensional stochastic differential equation written as: \begin{equation}\label{yu:tmodel} dX_t=A(X_t)dt+C(X_{t-})dZ_t, \end{equation} w...
1,116,691,498,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Community Question Answering (CQA) platforms, such as Quora\footnote{\url{https://www.quora.com}}, Yahoo! Answers\footnote{\url{https://answers.yahoo.com}}, and Stack Overflow\footnote{\url{https://www.stackoverflow.com}}, are Internet-based crowdsourcing services which enable users to post ques...
1,116,691,498,198
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} We prove several results about the complexity of the role colouring problem. A {\em role colouring} of a graph $G$ is an assignment of colours to the vertices of $G$ such that two vertices of the same colour have identical sets of colours in their neighbourhoods. We show that the problem of finding ...
1,116,691,498,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We investigate the time-periodic Navier-Stokes equations with a non-zero drift term in the three-dimensional whole-space. More specifically, we consider the system \begin{align}\label{intro_nspastbodywholespace} \begin{pdeq} &\partial_t\uvel -\Delta\uvel -\rey\partial_1\uvel + \grad\upres...
1,116,691,498,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In today's modern society, catalysts are widely used in the industrial sectors such as petroleum refining, fuel cells, chemical intermediates, pharmaceuticals, reduction of emission, and agrochemicals to increase the reaction rate of the desired chemical reaction\cite{zhu2015...
1,116,691,498,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} \vspace{-0.16cm} Deep metric learning (DML) aims to learn a non-linear embedding function (a.k.a. distance metric) such that the semantic similarities over samples are well captured in the feature space \citep{tadmor2016learning,sohn2016improved}. Due to its funda...
1,116,691,498,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems have appeared in numerous countries, satisfying the demands of both industries and end users. However, today, researchers have focused on the concepts and applications of future wireless communication, that is sixth-generation (6G) wi...
1,116,691,498,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Factorization homology is a homology theory on manifolds with coefficients in suitable $\mathrm{E}_n$-algebras. The main results of this paper are: \begin{enumerate} \item We construct a $\Gtop$-enriched category $\mathrm{Mfld}^{\mathrm{fr}_{V}}_{n}$. Its objects are $V$-framed $G$-manif...
1,116,691,498,204
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} Diverse, multi-modal behaviors generated by our models on different environment are best experienced and understood in a video. We invite you to visit \url{https://notmahi.github.io/bet} to see BeT{} models in action. \section{Environment and Dataset Details} \label{sec:appendix_environments_datase...
1,116,691,498,205
arxiv
\section*{} \section{Introduction} The extreme difficulties which arise if one tries to draw physically important conclusions from the basic assumptions of Einstein's theory are mainly due to the non-linearity of the field equations. Moreover, the fact that the spacetime topology is not given a priori, and the impos...
1,116,691,498,206
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} A monochromatic spectral line will be broadened after single Compton scattering on thermal electrons in an optically thin, hot plasma. The emergent spectrum will depend on the angle between the direction, $\bg{\Omega}$, from which the photons are supplied and the observer's direction, $\bg{\Omeg...
1,116,691,498,207
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement} This research was financially supported by the Victorian High Education State Investment Fund (VHESIF) Smarter, Faster, Biopharma and Food Manufacturing and CSL Innovation Ltd. \section{Introduction} In the era of digital revolution, computers have been increasingly used to digitize and ...
1,116,691,498,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-2mm} Statistical dependency measures the correlation of random variables or factors in models, which is often an important concern in various scientific domains including statistics~\cite{granger1994using,jiang2015nonparametric}, robotics~\cite{julian2014mutual,charrow2015information},...
1,116,691,498,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par A metric space $(X,d)$ is a CAT(0) space if it is geodesically connected and if every geodesic triangle in $X$ is at least as thin as its comparison triangle in the Euclidean plane. For other equivalent definitions and basic properties, we refer the reader to standard texts such as \cit...
1,116,691,498,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exel has recently introduced a new kind of crossed product for an endomorphism $\alpha$ of a $C^*$-algebra $B$ \cite{E}. The crucial ingredient in his construction is a \emph{transfer operator}, which is a positive linear map $L:B\to B$ satisfying $L(\alpha(a)b)=aL(b)$. In the motivating example,...
1,116,691,498,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Faced with various policy-violating activities ranging from disinformation~\cite{resende2019mis} to harassment~\cite{hua2020characterizing,matias2015reporting,duggan2014online} and abuse~\cite{bursztein2019rethinking,revenge}, social media companies increasingly rely on automated algorithms to ...
1,116,691,498,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Dislocations are of fundamental importance in the physics of semiconductors, both from a mechanical and from an electronic point of view. They are the carriers of plasticity in crystals and act as trapping and scattering centers for electronic carriers. A wealth of experimental inf...
1,116,691,498,213
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{intro} Gravitational lensing is an important probe for the mass distribution of lensing galaxies as well as for the internal structure of lensed sources \citep[e.g.,][]{koc06}. Quadruply lensed quasars are particularly useful in this regard since the positions and flux ratios of the lense...
1,116,691,498,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction}In~\cite{VX} we initiated a study of character sheaves for ${\mathbb Z}/m{\mathbb Z}$-graded Lie algebras. The invariant theory of graded Lie algebras was studied by Vinberg in~\cite{V} where the classical graded Lie algebras were divided into types I, II and III. In~\cite{VX,VX2} we focus on type...