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1,116,691,498,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The adsorption of single polymers in dilute solution onto a substrate has been extensively studied for many years via a variety of theoretical models and techniques \cite{Eisenriegler1982,DeBell1993,Vrbova1996,Vrbova1998,Vrbova1999,Grassberger2005,Owczarek2007,Luo2008,Klushin20...
1,116,691,498,316
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays it is strongly believed that the universe is experiencing an accelerated expansion. Recent observations from type Ia supernovae \cite{SN} in associated with Large Scale Structure \cite{LSS} and Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies \cite{CMB} have provided main evidence for this cosmi...
1,116,691,498,317
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} We consider closed strictly convex surfaces $M_t$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$ that contract with normal velocities equal to the positive powers of the Gauss curvature, \begin{equation}\label{flow equation K} \frac{d}{dt} X = -K^{\sigma}\nu. \end{equation} For all $\sigma > 0$, ...
1,116,691,498,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \K{In most wireless networks, medium access control (MAC) is needed to avoid excessive collisions, which occur if a station transmits to another transmitting station\khh{,}{} which is half-duplex, or a station receives multiple simultaneous transmissions and cannot su...
1,116,691,498,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{E}{nd}-to-end backpropagation (E2EBP) \cite{rumelhart1986learning} has been the de facto training standard for deep architectures since almost the inception of deep learning. It optimizes the entire model simultaneously using backpropagated error gradients with respect to some tar...
1,116,691,498,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent observations of high redshift supernovae \cite{hubble}, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropies \cite{wmap} and the shape of the matter power spectrum \cite{sdss} consistently support the idea that our Universe is currently undergoing an epoch of accelerated expansi...
1,116,691,498,321
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence and detection for both stellar mass black holes as well as supermassive black holes are commonly accepted and recognized in the astronomical community \citep{ho99,kor01}. Intermediate mass black holes (IMBH), i.e. black holes with mass in the $10^3-10^4 M_{\sun}$ range, possibly fo...
1,116,691,498,322
arxiv
\section{Parameterization of Energy Correlators} \label{sec:parameterization} At hadron colliders, an $N$-point energy correlator is specified by the rapidity and azimuthal angles of $N$ points on an idealized cylindrical calorimeter at infinity. In the jet substructure (collinear) limit we are considering, they can b...
1,116,691,498,323
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The implementation of non-classical light sources in spectroscopic and sensing methods has been a long-standing goal for advancing many practical applications of quantum science. One particularly intriguing possibility is to use a time-energy entangled photon pair source for two-photon absorptio...
1,116,691,498,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In exponential growth the population grows at a rate proportional to its current size. This is unrealistic, since in reality growth will not exceed some maximum, called its carrying capacity. The logistic equation \cite[Chapter 6]{BACA11} deals with this problem by ensuring tha...
1,116,691,498,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Autonomous systems primarily work through uncertain environments, and due to the changes, they must autonomously decide about adaptive actions. To include all aspects of the system in decision-making, one can use a model-driven approach~\cite{model} to rigorously analyze the local system and the ...
1,116,691,498,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical lattice models attract attention nowadays for several reasons. Classical Heisenberg model is frequently used in Monte Carlo simulations of nonlinear sigma models \cite{Justin}, and also for modeling real compounds \cite{EuX,EuX2,Stenli} and other systems \cite{ptice,grain}. In the recen...
1,116,691,498,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a recent paper [\citet{lfl1}, hereafter Paper I], we proposed a novel mechanism for producing misalignment between the spin axis of a protostar and the normal vector of its circumstellar disc. Our work was motivated by recent measurements of the sky-projected stellar obliquity using the Rossi...
1,116,691,498,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Relaxor ferroelectrics have received a great deal of attention from the physics and materials science communities because of their exceptional dielectric properties and potential for use as piezoelectric devices.~\cite{Park97:82,Cowley11:60,Xu10:79} Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_3$ (PMN), Pb(Zn$_...
1,116,691,498,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The subgradient method plays a central role in large-scale optimization and its numerous applications. The primary goal of the method for nonsmooth and nonconvex optimization is to find generalized critical points. For example, for a locally Lipschitz continuous function $f$, we may be interested...
1,116,691,498,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{irection} of arrival estimation is employed in many applications such as seismic \cite{1}, acoustic \cite{2}, sonar \cite{3}, radar \cite{4}, and wireless communications \cite{5}. However, most of the techniques are devoted to narrowband sources, while in...
1,116,691,498,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The stability and reactivity of molecules can be influenced by the way they vibrate. Thermal and light-induced vibrational excitations can provide molecules with enough kinetic energy to overcome activation barriers along specific reaction coordinates. Molecular vibrations explain the mechan...
1,116,691,498,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{motiv} The past two decades have witnessed the emergence of data-driven models for describing various engineering systems and physical phenomena in wide ranging applications, from improving medical diagnosis \cite{Ma2017diagnosis}, to weather forecasting \cite{guhathakurta2006}, energetic ...
1,116,691,498,333
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} Most atomic nuclei in their ground state are deformed from a well defined spherical shape. Nuclear deformation arises due to short-range strong nuclear force among nucleons themselves, and depending on the proton and neutron number, the minima in the total energy of the system can b...
1,116,691,498,334
arxiv
\section{The problem}\label{Sec:The problem} Consider the boundary-value problem \begin{align} \left\{\begin{array}{l} {\rm Div}\left[{\bf L}^\epsilon({\bf X})\nabla{\bf u}^\epsilon\right]=\textbf{0},\quad {\bf X}\in {\rm \Omega}\setminus{\rm \Gamma}\vspace{0.2cm}\\ \widehat{{\rm Div}}\left[\widehat{{\bf L}}^\epsil...
1,116,691,498,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Simulations of collections of classical objects in the Universe have been performed for many decades \cite{Klypin1983,Centrella1983,Wisdom1991,Duncan1998,Chambers1998,Robutel2001,Reintamayo2015,Rein2019}. The coupled second order differential equations have either been solved numerically b...
1,116,691,498,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Almost complex structure has been employed in the study of superstring theory, gravity and sigma model in different but related researches. In topological sigma model developed by Witten \cite{witten}, almost complex structure arose in a coupling term with sigma model. Following this and the ide...
1,116,691,498,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Federated Learning or Federated Machine Learning (FML) \cite{b1} is introduced to solve privacy issues in machine learning using data from multiple parties. Instead of transferring data directly into a centralized data warehouse for building machine learning models, Federated Learning allows eac...
1,116,691,498,338
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our understanding of the phase structure of QCD at high baryon density and low temperature remains severely hampered by the sign problem. In the absence of first-principles methods which have been proven to circumvent this problem, we can study a related theory, QCD with colour group SU(2) (QC$...
1,116,691,498,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The atomic nucleus is a fascinating quantum-many body system which shows a rich variety of shapes and structures \cite{BM75}. Major advances in experimental techniques have facilitated these studies of atomic nuclei at extremes of isospin, angular-momentum and excitation energy. These investigat...
1,116,691,498,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Network embedding is a fundamental task for graph analytics, which has attracted much attention from both academia (\textit{e.g.}, \cite{perozzi2014deepwalk,node2vec2016,tang2015line}) and industry (\textit{e.g.}, \cite{pbg2019,zhu2019aligraph}). Given an input graph $G$, netw...
1,116,691,498,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theory of Eisenstein series on finite dimensional Lie groups has had profound applications in number theory, geometry, and mathematical physics. To name one important example, Langlands' monograph {\em Euler Products} \cite{eulerproducts} gave meromorphic continuations to the new $L$-f...
1,116,691,498,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Current cosmic acceleration could be due to a cosmological constant, a constant vacuum energy density. Quintessence poses an alternative where there is a dynamical scalar field, rolling in a potential. Cosmic acceleration is also possible without a potential, through changing the kinetic str...
1,116,691,498,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A major open problem in mathematical physics is the existence of an Anderson transition in dimension three and higher for random Schrödinger operators. These operators model transport in disordered media, a classical example being electrical conductivity in metals with impurities. In this pap...
1,116,691,498,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Scheduling problems with incomplete knowledge of the input data have been studied extensively. There are different ways to model such uncertainty, the major frameworks being {\em online optimization}, where parts of the input are revealed incrementally, {\em stochastic optimization}, ...
1,116,691,498,345
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spin current plays central roles in spintronics. Moreover, intrinsic spin current in solids has been shown to induce several peculiar interactions. As spin current breaks inversion symmetry keeping the time reversal symmetry, the interactions induced by spin current have the same symmetry \cite...
1,116,691,498,346
arxiv
\section{Single particle molecular orbitals} \subsection{General remarks} Unlike the case of NV center in diamond, and other similar defects such as the axial divacancy in SiC, although we expect the single charged Si vacancy to still have a $C_{3\nu}$ symmetry, it can still be interpreted as a very weakly broken $...
1,116,691,498,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Iron-chalcogenide superconductors are usually related to the selenium deficient compound FeSe$_{1-x}$, having a transition temperature $T_{\rm c}\simeq8$~K.\cite{Hsu2009, Pomjakushina2009} Higher $T_{\rm c}$'s can be accessed by applying hydrostatic pressure $p$,\cite{Medvedev2009} by inducing ch...
1,116,691,498,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Not all supernova remnants (SNRs) show the ``classical'' shell-like structure. Some of them present instead a filled-center structure: the prototype is the Crab Nebula, but other objects with similar properties have been discovered since then. They are called filled-center SNRs, or Crab-like SNR...
1,116,691,498,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cryptoeconomic incentives in the form of blockchain-based tokens are seen as an enabler of the sharing economy~\cite{pazaitis2017blockchain,ferraro2018distributed} that could shift society toward greater sustainability~\cite{heinrichs2013sharing,fanitabasi2021self}. One of the resources that is s...
1,116,691,498,350
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{chapter=plants:section=introduction} Agriculture is a sector that requires multi-disciplinary knowledge to steadily evolve \cite{intro:multi_disciplinary, intro:multi_disciplinary_1, intro:multi_disciplinary_2} since large-scale food production necessitates a deep understanding of every rel...
1,116,691,498,351
arxiv
\section{ Introduction } {Agoda}~\footnote{{Agoda}.com} is a global online travel agency for hotels, vacation rentals, flights and airport transfers. Millions of guests find their accommodations and millions of accommodation providers list their properties in {Agoda}. Among these millions of properties listed in {Ag...
1,116,691,498,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent studies of rare-earth-based metallic systems have revealed novel electronic states arising from a complex interplay of magnetism and electron-band topology~\cite{hirschberger2016chiral,shekhar2018anomalous,borisenko2019time,soh2019magnetic,wang2016anisotropic,jo2020manipulating,riberolles...
1,116,691,498,353
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Virtual Testing is one of the crucial steps in the assessment of performance and safety of Autonomous Vehicles (AV). The core component in this step is a high-fidelity virtual simulator. These simulators provide a virtual world in which a virtual vehicle can navigate, including the physics engine...
1,116,691,498,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Related Works} \label{Intro} The growing complexity of modern software systems stimulated the use of com\-ponent-based approaches and the enforcement of the separation of concerns \cite{Djoudi2016}. In Context-aware computing the separation is made between the functions the system is built fo...
1,116,691,498,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, a series of studies showed that coherent low frequency electromagnetic cyclotron waves (ECWs) with a typical frequency of 0.1$-$0.5 Hz at 1 AU can be detected widely in the solar wind \citep{jia09p05,jia10p15,jia14p23,boa15p10,gar16p30,wic16p06}. These waves are characterized by...
1,116,691,498,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For over a decade several variants of the so called least squares method of American option pricing have been widely used by financial practitioners and at the same time studied by researchers. The origins of the method can be found in the work of Carriere \cite{Car1996}, Tsitsiklis, Van Roy \cit...
1,116,691,498,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} This paper deals with minimal isometric immersions of a Kähler manifold into product of two real space forms. More specifically, we will be interested first with obstructions to the existence of pluriharmonic isometric immersions and secondly with restrictions on the Ricci cu...
1,116,691,498,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spin exchange (SE) is among the most elementary two body interactions in quantum many body systems. Between two neutral atoms, this exchange can occur within valence electron spins, nuclear spins, or between the electron and nuclear spins. Its coherent teeterboard-like coupling facilitates exci...
1,116,691,498,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} One of the first questions addressed in elementary physics is how much time does it take an object to reach its destination. In non-equilibrium statistical physics this is the first-arrival problem which is fundamental for diffusion controlled chemical reactions and other sea...
1,116,691,498,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we are concerned with the calculation of amplitudes for processes that take place in a constant background magnetic field $B$. There are many papers in the literature in which this kind of process are considered \cite{Esposito:1995db, Elmfors:1996gy, Ioannisian:1996pn, Erdas:1998uu,...
1,116,691,498,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}n many applications, it is essential to have high resolution images for precise analysis and inferences from them. However, a certain amount of degradations (blur and noise) are unavoidable in many of the imaging systems due to several factors, such as the...
1,116,691,498,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} PG\,0043+039 is a bright (m$_v\sim15.5$) and luminous quasar (M$_B=-26.11$) at a redshift of z=0.38512. A luminosity of $\nu L_{\nu}$~=~2.21 $\times 10^{44}$~erg~s$^{-1}$ at 3000~\AA\ has been determined before for this quasar (Baskin \& Laor\citealt{baskin04}). This corresponds to ...
1,116,691,498,363
arxiv
\section*{References}} \begin{document} \definecolor{MyDarkBlue}{rgb}{1, 0.9, 1} \lstset{language=Matlab, basicstyle=\footnotesize, commentstyle=\itshape, stringstyle=\ttfamily, showstringspaces=false, tabsize=2} \lstdefinestyle{commentstyle}{color=\color{green}} \theoremstyle{rem...
1,116,691,498,364
arxiv
\section[Introduction]{Introduction} {\bf Exact convex symplectic manifolds and hypersurfaces.} An {\em exact convex symplectic manifold} $(V,\lambda)$ is a connected manifold $V$ of dimension $2n$ without boundary with a one-form $\lambda$ such that the following conditions are satisfied. \begin{description} \item[(...
1,116,691,498,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the setting of {\it multi-agent online learning} (\cite{shalev-shwartz_online_2011,cesa-bianchi_prediction_2006}), $K$ players interact with each other over time. At each time step $t$, each player $k \in \{1, \ldots, K\}$ chooses an {\it action} $\bz\^t\!k$; $\bz\^t\!k$ may represent, for ins...
1,116,691,498,366
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{sections/introduction} \section{Our Procedure} \label{section: overview} \input{sections/overview} \section{Convergence Theory for Orthogonalization} \label{section:full-memory} \input{sections/full_memory} \section{Convergence Theory for Base Methods} \label{section:no-memory} \i...
1,116,691,498,367
arxiv
\section{Quantinar in numbers} Quantinar ecosystem gather an international community of researchers that produces quality research on diverse scientific topics using modern technologies. At the time of writing, Quantinar already has an important community and can offer high quality content with multiple courselets, es...
1,116,691,498,368
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The MS turn-off is the most reliable feature for age-dating a star cluster. Nevertheless for very young clusters, with ages of tenths to few Myr, the identification of the turn-off is usually hampered by the paucity of massive stars. We propose to take a different point of view, focusing on th...
1,116,691,498,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Parity-violating precision measurements have for many years provided crucial low-energy tests of the Standard Model. Early efforts such as the E122 experiment at SLAC \cite{Prescott1978tm, Prescott1979dh} firmly established the SU(2)$\times$U(1) model as the theory of the unif...
1,116,691,498,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {Weighted ensemble}~\cite{ bhatt2010steady, chong2017path,costaouec2013analysis, darve2013computing,dickson,donovan2013efficient, huber1996weighted, rojnuckarin1998brownian, rojnuckarin2000bimolecular,zhang2007efficient, zhang2010weighted, zwier2015westpa} is an importance sampling technique, b...
1,116,691,498,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Family studies provide an important tool for understanding etiology of diseases, with the key aim of discovering evidence of family aggregation and to determine if such aggregation can be attributed to genetic components. Heritability and concordance estimates are routinely calc...
1,116,691,498,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \input{MFCS_introduction} \section{Preliminaries} \label{sec:preliminaries} \input{MFCS_preliminaries} \section{Copyless cost register automata} \label{sec:copyless_weighted} \input{MFCS_copyless-weighted} \section{Structural properties of copyless CRA} \label{sec...
1,116,691,498,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of properties of bound states of heavy quarks called quarkonium has received a lot of attention since the seminal paper by Matusi and Satz~\cite{Matsui:1986dk}, where it was suggested that the formation of a color deconfined medium in heavy-ion collisions will lead to the dissoluti...
1,116,691,498,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ophthalmologic examination has been regarded as an important routine for detecting not only multiple eye-related diseases but also ocular manifestations of many anomalies in the systemic circulatory system and the nervous system \cite{chatziralli2012value}. Among these detectable anomalies, ...
1,116,691,498,375
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{L}{ow}-density parity-check (LDPC) codes were first introduced by Gallager in the 1960s \cite{Gallager}, together with a class of iterative decoding algorithms. Later, in the 1990s, the rediscovery of LDPC codes by MacKay and Neal \cite{MacKayNeal1995}, \cite{MacKa...
1,116,691,498,376
arxiv
\section{Precision timing for the HL-LHC} The next phase of the already successful Large Hadron Collider (LHC), called the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is foreseen to start operation in 2027. Within a 10 year time period the HL-LHC will provide about ten times the LHC dataset. This rate will require an instantaneous ...
1,116,691,498,377
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most important functions of an autonomous system is to be able to follow a specified path, pertinent to the mission. Trajetory tracking is often accomplished using a combination of a waypoint path planner and a control system that is used to follow the computed way-points. Path planni...
1,116,691,498,378
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The so called \emph{cutting lemma} is a very useful combinatorial partition tool with numerous applications in computational and incidence geometry and related areas (see e.g. \cite[Sections 4.5, 6.5]{mbook} or \cite{cuttings} for a survey). In it's simplest form it can be stated as follows (see...
1,116,691,498,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although audio spoofing countermeasure (CM) \cite{wu2015spoofing} is highly related to Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV)\cite{bai2021speaker}, most of the research on these two tasks has been carried out independently in recent years. This may lead to CM systems not being well suited to some...
1,116,691,498,380
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Astronomical observations allow information to be collected about the distribution of matter in the universe. This distribution contains structures on many different scales. Astrophysicists would like to provide a theoretical account of how these structures formed. In particular, cosmologists w...
1,116,691,498,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are powerful and vastly general tools. But their usual formulation works only in the non-general-relativistic limit. Can they be extended to fully general relativistic systems? The problem can be posed in physical terms: we do not know the position of ...
1,116,691,498,382
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent decades, there had been some significant contributions in the automation of program analysis tasks. Neural networks had been frequently used either for detection or generation tasks in programming language processing similar to natural language processing. It had been employed in de...
1,116,691,498,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} From physical sciences to social sciences, many phenomena are modeled by noisy dynamical systems. In many such systems, several widely separated time scales are present. The system obtained in the homogenization limit, in which the fast time scales go to zero, is simpler than the original one,...
1,116,691,498,384
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The long and (almost) un-interrupted observations of the {\it Kepler} space telescope allow us to investigate moderate or small amplitude brightness variations with long periods. These studies generally need lots of telescope time and high precision simultaneously, therefore space photometry...
1,116,691,498,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Brownian dynamics has been widely applied to nano-scale (macromolecular) driven systems such as AFM/DFM cantilevers \cite{Liang, Tamayo, Kim03}, motor proteins \cite{Juli97}, ion channels \cite{Colqu}, and tribology \cite{Urbakh04}. These systems are mainly in non-equilibrium driven by external ...
1,116,691,498,386
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} MBGD acknowledges F. Halzen for useful discussions. This work was partially financed by CNPq and by Programa de Apoio a N\'ucleos de Excel\^encia (PRONEX), BRAZIL.
1,116,691,498,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}\times(a,b)$ such that $\mu=\mu_t\otimes dt$ with $\mu_t=\sum_i \phi_i\delta_{X_i}$ for a.e. $t\in(a,b)$ for some (pairwise distinct) $X_i\in \mathbb{R}$, we consider the branched transportation type functional (see Section \ref{secnot} for a more precise defi...
1,116,691,498,388
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The Landau--Brazovskii (LB) model is a generic model to describe phase transitions driven by a short-wavelength instability between the disordered phases and the ordered phases \cite{bra75}. This model has been widely used to simulate several physical systems, such as block copolyme...
1,116,691,498,389
arxiv
\section{Feasibility and Challenges: Empirical Observations} \label{sec:questions} Although the idea of concurrent ranging is extremely simple and can be implemented straightforwardly on the DW1000, several questions must be answered to ascertain its practical feasibility. We discuss them next, providing answers base...
1,116,691,498,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most stars form in protoclusters in dense molecular clumps (\citealt{lada03}; \citealt{mckee07b}). The energy and momentum injected by young stars then removes the remaining interstellar material (ISM), thus ending further star formation and reducing the gravitational binding energy of the p...
1,116,691,498,391
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A molecular theoretical account of the free energetics of the reactions \begin{eqnarray} \label{eq:hydro} [\mbox{Fe(H$_2$O)$_n$(OH)$_{(m-1)}$]$^{4-m}$} + \mbox{H$_2$O} \rightarrow [\mbox{Fe(H$_2$O)$_{n-1}$(OH)$_{m}$]$^{3-m}$} + \mbox{H$_3$O$^+$} \end{eqnarray} in water can benefit from discrimi...
1,116,691,498,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a scenario in which a government in some country has to be populated, e.g. by assigning the minister of health, the minister of education, etc. Usually the process for such an assignment is non-participatory. Here we describe a participatory process for electing the government. In essen...
1,116,691,498,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The {\it persistence} is a quantitative measure of the memory of a reference state, typically chosen to be the initial condition after an instantaneous quench, that a stochastic process keeps along its evolution. It is a very general notion related to first passage tim...
1,116,691,498,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In his proof of the non-integrability of the restricted three-body problem, \citet{Poincare1899} first identified the possibility of dynamical chaos in the motion of planetary systems. This result cast doubt on Laplace and Lagrange's "proof" of the solar system's stability \citep{Laskar2012Stabl...
1,116,691,498,395
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} \subsection{Background} During the last several decades, computational advances as well as new insights that reduce the computational cost of methods have made many problems feasible to solve. This has a great impact for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis as a means of reliability...
1,116,691,498,396
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{t} has been well known for many years that the derivation of the rate--distortion function of a given source and distortion measure, does not lend itself to closed form expressions, even in the memoryless case, except for a few very simple examples \cite{Berger71},\cite...
1,116,691,498,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider an oligopolistic market, where the data of the production cost functions and constraints of each producer/firm are available to all his rivals. In such a case each producer can compute his optimal non-cooperative Cournot-Nash strategy by solving the corresponding variational inequality, ...
1,116,691,498,398
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Due to the high resolution with which NOG samples the dominating structures of the nearby Universe, this catalog is more suitable than IRAS-selected galaxy samples for mapping the galaxy density field on quite small scales ($<2$ Mpc). However, high-density sampling rate, achieved with the NOG...
1,116,691,498,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Artificial intelligence methods are playing an increasingly important role in global economics. The growing importance and, at the same time, the risks associated with AI are driving a vibrant discussion about the responsible development of artificial intelligence. Examples of negative consequenc...
1,116,691,498,400
arxiv
\section*{DATA AVAILABILITY} \section*{REFERENCES}
1,116,691,498,401
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blockchain was first used in a peer-to-peer electronic cash system \cite{nakamoto2008bitcoin} to provide immutability through the chain data structure, consensus, and redundant storage. Clients can query and modify the state of the blockchain by full and light nodes. A full node has a complete b...
1,116,691,498,402
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{I3} we considered an inverse boundary value problem for the heat equation in one space dimension. First we recall the problem. Let $a>0$ and $T>0$. Let $u=u(x,t)$ be a solution of the problem: $$\begin{array}{c} \displaystyle u_t=u_{xx}\,\,\mbox{in}\,]0,\,a[\times]0,\,T[,\\ \\ \displayst...
1,116,691,498,403
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the late 1960's, pulsars were discovered in the Crab Nebula and the Vela supernova remnant, proving the relationship between neutron star formation and supernovae. These remained the only such associations for many years, but now, especially as a result of X-ray observations, there are many m...
1,116,691,498,404
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We fix throughout a unique factorization domain $D$ with field of fractions $F$, allowing for the possibility that $D=F$, and write $\chi(F)$ for the characteristic of $F$. We also fix $\ell\in\N$, $m_1,\dots,m_\ell\in\N$, $m=\mathrm{lcm}\{m_1,\dots,m_\ell\}$, and $N_1,\dots,N_\ell\in D$. A p...
1,116,691,498,405
arxiv
\subsection{Simple and Bounded-Degree}\label{a:degree} If $G$ is not initially simple, we first report and discard the self-loops. For each group of pairwise parallel edges $\{e_1,\ldots,e_q\}$ we report directed parallelisms $e_i\to e_1$ for each $i=2,\ldots,q$ and remove all edges $e_2,\ldots,e_q$ from $G$. Suppose...
1,116,691,498,406
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\hbox{\rule[-2pt]{3pt}{6pt}}}{\hbox{\rule[-2pt]{3pt}{6pt}}} \newcommand{\newsection}[1]{\setcounter{equation}{0}\setcounter{theorem}{0} \section{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \title{On a model of evolution of subspecies} \author{{ Rah...
1,116,691,498,407
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} In this section we define the space of real, unimodular lattices, give our result, and introduce notation. The novelty of this paper lies in exhibiting $\mathbb{Z}^2$'s extremal behavior with respect to the Euclidean distance function; that $\mathbb{Z}^2$ is a critical point...
1,116,691,498,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} There are growing evidences recently of the supercritical (or super-Eddington) accretion objects (hereafter, super-Eddington accretors) in the Universe. Super-Eddington accretors are very powerful engines and so play essential roles in various astrophysical phenomena (e.g., emit...
1,116,691,498,409
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:i} Electromagnetic field of a fast charge moving through the topologically nontrivial matter is of interest in many physics fields. A solution to this problem was found when the topological charge density is nearly stationary and homogenous and the electromagnetic response is dominate...
1,116,691,498,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} In many wireless network scenarios, the channel is shared among multiple systems. The coexisting systems create mutual interference, which poses great challenges for communication systems design. Conventionally, interference is either treated as noise in the weak interfer...
1,116,691,498,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a knot $K\subset S^{3}$, the authors defined in \cite{KM-sutures} a Floer homology group $\KHI(K)$, by a slight variant of a construction that appeared first in \cite{Floer-Durham-paper}. In brief, one takes the knot complement $S^{3} \setminus N^{\circ}(K)$ and forms from it a closed $3$-ma...
1,116,691,498,412
arxiv
\chapter[Community and role detection in directed networks]{Community detection and role identification in directed networks: understanding the Twitter network of the care.data debate} \author[B. Amor, S. Vuik, R. Callahan, A. Darzi, S. N. Yaliraki \& M. Barahona]{Benjamin R. C. Amor$^{\ddagger,\dagger}$, Sabine I. Vu...
1,116,691,498,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The main tool used in our work on Hamilton cycles in line graphs~\cite{KV-hamilton} is a result called `Skeletal Lemma'~\cite[Lemma 17]{KV-hamilton}. It deals with quasigraphs in 3-hypergraphs (see below for definitions) and is related to Tutte's and Nash-Williams' chara...
1,116,691,498,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} In spite of the quantitative successes of renormalized perturbation theory, no nontrivial quantum field theory (QFT) in four spacetime dimensions (4D) has been constructed rigorously. It is sometimes suggested that the Wightman axioms might be too restrictive, but most ...