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1,477,468,751,181
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{prop}[theorem]{Proposition} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{...
1,477,468,751,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro} The ability to build adequate models of the coronal magnetic field is extremely important for understanding the physics of the solar corona. The corona is believed to be generally in a force-free (or at least low-$\beta$) state \citep{Gary2001}. Destabilization of this state m...
1,477,468,751,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} A DC network is a power system with electrical power flows in the form of direct current~% \cite{dorfler2018electrical}. DC networks have found promising applications in low- and medium-voltage power systems with high penetrations of DC loads and generators, such as distribution ...
1,477,468,751,184
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Rhythm plays a crucial role in many aspects of physics, biology and chemistry \cite{strogatz2003sync,winfree2001geometry}. To study the rhythmic phenomena quantitatively, the phase oscillator model has been widely used since the prominent studies had been done \cite{winfree196...
1,477,468,751,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The possibility concerning the existence of extra dimensions is one of the most astonishing aspects on string theory and the formalism of $p$-branes. In spite of this possibility, extra dimensions still remain up to now unaccessible and obliterated to experiments. An alternative approach to th...
1,477,468,751,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A class of very accurate standard candles, the supernovae Ia (SNeIa), has been highly developed in the last two decades \citep{Branch}; however, these objects are hardly detectable at redshifts higher than $z$ = 1.7, so the study of more distant regions of the Universe leads to the needing to imp...
1,477,468,751,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most stars are believed to form in clusters (e.g. Lada \& Lada 2003) and high-mass stars may form exclusively in cluster-forming clouds. For a comprehensive understanding of clustered star formation, a good knowledge of the initial conditions and earliest phases of the process is crucial which...
1,477,468,751,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recognition of proper names constitutes one of the major problems for the wealth of tagging systems developed in the last few years. Most of these systems are statistically based and make use of statistical properties which are acquired from a large manually tagged training corpus. The forma...
1,477,468,751,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Studying the formation and evolution of potentially habitable Earth-like planets requires a good knowledge of the environment close to the habitable zone, and thus of the \emph{exozodiacal} dust residing in this region (similar to our zodiacal dust). The presence of exozodiacal dust around other...
1,477,468,751,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intr} The transverse force on a vortex in superfluids (neutral and charged) is debated during many decades and has been a topic of reviews and books \cite{RMP,Kop,Magn,VolB}. In a continuous superfluid at $T=0$, which is identical to a perfect fluid in classical hydrodynamics, the balanc...
1,477,468,751,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Solutions of integrable hydrodynamic chains and 2+1 quasilinear systems can be found by the method of hydrodynamic reductions (see, for instance, \textbf{\cite{Fer+Kar}}, \textbf{\cite{Gib+Tsar}}). Suppose some hydrodynamic chain is given. Then one can seek hydrodynamic reductions for this hydr...
1,477,468,751,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the past decade it has become clear from observations that star formation in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ; \citealt{morris96a}) of the Milky Way, and in the centres of other nearby galaxies \citep[e.g.,][]{barth95a,jogee02a}, deviates from the patterns of star formation a...
1,477,468,751,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fashion is about 2\% of the world's GDP and a significant sector of the retail industry. Whenever a new fashion item like apparel or footwear is launched, the retailer needs to prepare and show rich information about the product, including pictures, text descriptions, and detailed attribute tags....
1,477,468,751,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider two models of Markov jump processes with mean field interaction. In both cases, we have $n$ particles or spins that evolve as a pure jump process, where the jump rates of the individual particles depend on the empirical distribution of all $n$ particles. We prove the large devia...
1,477,468,751,195
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In recent years the X-ray properties of Seyfert galaxies have been extensively studied (for a review see Mushotzky, Done \& Pounds 1993). It was soon realised that Seyfert 2 galaxies exhibit much lower X-ray luminosities, at least in the soft X-ray band below $\sim 3$ keV, than those typical o...
1,477,468,751,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Countless students in introductory physics learn that the ``exchange of virtual particles'' is responsible for the fundamental forces of nature. Several popular introductory textbooks contain diagrams which sketch how classical particle exchange could plausibly explain the qualitative nature of ...
1,477,468,751,197
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Quantum key distribution~(QKD), whose security is guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics, allows two remote and legitimate users to share a private and secret key~\cite{bennett1984,ekert1991,bennett1992a,lo2012}. Nowadays, for the need of high-speed key generation rate, prepare-and-measure...
1,477,468,751,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dynamics of opinions in society is a very intricate and intriguing process. Especially in today's world, with the pervasive infiltration of social networks like Facebook and Twitter that allow quick broadcasts of opinions, phenomena which were once wild speculations by philosophers, such as ...
1,477,468,751,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A number of dedicated observing programs have shown that most massive stars are formed in systems with at least one binary companion~\citep{2007ApJ...670..747K,2007ApJ...664.1102K,2009AJ....137.4608K,2012ApJ...751....4K,2012Sci...337..444S,2014ApJS..213...34K}. Those binaries in tight orbits ca...
1,477,468,751,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Surface groups have a foundational role in geometric topology and geometric group theory. In this paper, we study a class of amalgamated products of surface groups, which in many ways resemble fundamental groups of $3$--manifolds. Let $\mathcal{C}_{m,n}$ be the collection of amalgamated free...
1,477,468,751,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-1ex} The loss landscape of neural networks has attracted great research interests in the deep learning community \cite{open_prob,thelosslandscapeofoverparameterizednn,largebatchtraining, essentiallynobarriersin, landscapedesign,empiricalanalysisofhessianofoverparameter}. It provi...
1,477,468,751,202
arxiv
\section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.715cm} {#1}} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1} } \newcommand{\bbox}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}} \newcommand {\defeq}{\stackrel{\rm def}{=}} \newcommand{\tr}[1]{\:{\rm tr}\,#1} \newcommand{\ntr}[1]{\,\frac {\rm tr}{N}\,#1} \def{\,\rm e}\...
1,477,468,751,203
arxiv
\section{introduction} The ATLAS and CMS have observed the Higgs boson \cite{ATLAS-CMS} and up to now the measurements of Higgs properties consist with the standard model (SM) predictions. However, the SM suffers from the so-called naturalness problem \cite{finetuning} which inspires theorists to propose various new ph...
1,477,468,751,204
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} The center vortices are color magnetic line-like (surface-like) objects in three (four) dimensions which are quantized in terms of center elements of the gauge group. Condensation of center vortices in the vacuum of QCD leads to quark confinement such that the color electric ...
1,477,468,751,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Cuntz-Krieger algebras were introduced by J.~Cuntz and W.~Krieger in 1980, \cite{cuntzkrieger}, as $C^{*}$-algebras arising from dynamical systems. This class of $C^{*}$-algebras has since shown up in several contexts, including the classification program as the Cuntz-Krieger algebras with f...
1,477,468,751,206
arxiv
\section{Attentive Pooling Networks for Answer Selection} \label{ap_networks} \emph{Attentive pooling} is an approach that enables the pooling layer to be aware of the current input pair, in a way that information from the question $q$ can directly influence the computation of the answer representation $r^a$, and vic...
1,477,468,751,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the rapid increase in the number of user-generated videos shared on the Internet, it is becoming increasingly advantageous to explore new ways of retrieving them---for example, by automatically detecting events occurring in them. One less explored approach is to analyze the soundtracks. B...
1,477,468,751,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been known for forty years that quasi-cyclic codes are good \cite{CPW} in the asymptotic sense: the product of their rate by their relative distance does not vanish when the length goes to infinity. Thirteen years ago, it was shown that even the self-dual subclass was good \cite{LS2}. A d...
1,477,468,751,209
arxiv
\section{Section heading}\label{} Almost two decades after the discovery of the high-temperature superconductors (high-$T_c$), the theoretical description of this phenomenon still represents a challenge for the physicists. The study of the Fermi surface and the dispersions of bands is essential to better understand ...
1,477,468,751,210
arxiv
\section{introduction} Topological defects interpolating between distinct quantum ground states can host localized fermions, harboring rich physics (see, e.g., Refs. \cite{Jackiw76,Su79,Kitaev01,Nayak08}). In solids, nontrivial topology can emerge from an inversion of electronic bands at the interface of two materia...
1,477,468,751,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A number of physical processes are modeled by generalizations of the well-known equations of mathematical physics such as, e.g., the KdV and mKdV equations, the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation, which contain time-dependent coefficients. That is why last decade these equations do attract attenti...
1,477,468,751,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Data} WLM (Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte) is a dwarf irregular galaxy and is a member of the Local Group. It is at a distance of $932\pm33$ kpc \citep{mcconnachie05}. In \citeyear{valcheva07} \citeauthor{valcheva07} did a photometric study on part of WLM and found a C/M ratio of $0.56\pm0.12$ which d...
1,477,468,751,213
arxiv
\section{} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section{Introduction} Let us consider smooth solutions to the stationary Navier-Stokes system \begin{equation}\label{nse} u\cdot \nabla u-\Delta u=\nabla p, \qquad {\rm div }u=0 \end{equation} in $\mathbb R^3$ with the additional condition at infinity: $u(x)\to 0$ as $|x|\to \i...
1,477,468,751,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:introduction} Since fusion configurations involve very hot plasmas, they typically require a careful design to maintain fast moving particles inside the core of the device on sufficiently long times. In the magnetic confinement approach \cite{bellan_2006_fundamentals,chen_introduction,fr...
1,477,468,751,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s1} Synchronization is a phenomenon in which two or more systems coordinate and act at the same time with similar behavior. Synchronization determined phenomenon such as the chorusing of crickets, a flash of fireflies, pendulum clocks, and even the life cycle of creatures~\cite{Pikovsky,RBr...
1,477,468,751,216
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Finsler geometry is well known mathematical framework which is a nearest generalization of Riemannian metric geometry~\cite{Rund:1959,Asanov:1985,Matsumoto:1986}. There are various approaches to Finsler formulation of a gravity theory. In Ref. \cite{Chang:2008yv} it has been found that some Fins...
1,477,468,751,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the fundamental observations of data science is that high-dimensional data often exhibits low-dimensional structure. Detecting and utilizing structures such as sparsity, union of subspaces, or low-dimensional manifolds has been the driving force of innovation and success for many modern...
1,477,468,751,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmic inflation \cite{inflation} has been a paradigm beyond the Standard Big Bang Cosmology in which flatness, isotropy, homogeneity, horizon and relic problems are explained and solved. The inflaton generates scale-invariant and Gaussian spectrum of density fluctuations. Furthermore, quantum f...
1,477,468,751,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The time-evolution of a closed quantum system is usually described as the conjugation by a group of unitary operators on the Hilbert space representing the state space of the system. When the system is open, that is, exchanges energy with its surroundings, the situation is more complicated and r...
1,477,468,751,220
arxiv
\subsection*{Examples}The following examples show that Theorem 1 and Corollary 3 essentially cannot be improved upon. \begin{itemize}\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\scalebox{.5}{{$\blacksquare$}}} \item[(A)] There is a Suslinian chainable continuum that contains a totally disconnected Polish space of positive dimension. ...
1,477,468,751,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Within the standard model (SM), the double charm decays of $B_{u,d}$ and $B_{s}$ Mesons considered here are dominated by the color-favored ``Tree" transition $b\to c\bar{c}d (s)$, while the color-suppressed ``Penguin" transition is generally small. If the penguin contribution was absent, the mix...
1,477,468,751,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main result} Let $P$ be a $d$-dimensional polytope with $n$ vertices and let $f_i(P)$ be the number of $i$-dimensional faces of $P$. It is known that $f_j(P) \leq \left(\begin{smallmatrix} n\\ j+1 \end{smallmatrix}\right)$ for $j \leq \lfloor \frac{d}{2}\rfloor$ and equality holds when $P$...
1,477,468,751,223
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} {\bf We consider discrete random fractal surfaces with negative Hurst exponent $H<0$. A random colouring of the lattice is provided by activating the sites at which the surface height is greater than a given level $h$. The set of activated sites is usually denoted as the excursion set. The connected...
1,477,468,751,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $n, e\in\mathbb{N}$. Let $k$ be a field and $0\neq q\in k$. Suppose that either $e>1$ and $q$ is a primitive $e$th root of unity; or $q=1$ and $\ch k=e$.\footnote{In the latter case, $e$ is necessarily to be a prime number.} Let $\HH_k(\mathfrak S_n)$ be the Iwahori-Hecke algebra associated ...
1,477,468,751,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It is widely believed that complex systems of interest in the sciences and engineering are both modular and hierarchical. Network theory uses the tools and visual language of graph theory to model such systems, and has proven to be both effective and flexible in describing thei...
1,477,468,751,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{Introduction.---} Inspiralling comparable mass compact binaries are the most plausible sources of gravitational radiation for the operational, planned and proposed laser interferometric GW interferometers. GW data analysts, analyzing noisy data from the interferometers, require acc...
1,477,468,751,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are two main motivations behind the definitions and results presented here. See next section for a precise definition of Fuchsian convex bodies, the main object of this paper, and Fuchsian convex surfaces (boundaries of Fuchsian convex bodies). The first motivation is to show that ...
1,477,468,751,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} In recent years we have witnessed a resurrection of interest in light-front Hamiltonian physics in two areas. The first one, the new nonperturbative approach to QCD \cite{thelongpaper}, is related to the original application of light-front coordinates \cite{ancient}, i.e. hadron spectrosco...
1,477,468,751,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Circumstellar disks and planetary companions around nearby stars are routinely observed on the ground by several facilities with exoplanet direct-imaging capabilities \cite{Beuzit2008,Macintosh2008,Guyon2010c,Hinkley2011,Skemer2012,Close2014}. Of these facilities, the in...
1,477,468,751,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Overview} Propagation models on lattices or more general graphs describe the spreading of some discrete signal through a set of discrete entities. In the most general terms, the signal corresponds to some qualitative change that causes the entity to interact differently with its neig...
1,477,468,751,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} \IEEEPARstart{V}{isual} tracking is one of the fundamental task in computer vision with a plethora of applications such as video surveillance, robotics, human-computer interaction etc. The goal of visual tracking is to estimate the state of the target (location and size) in ...
1,477,468,751,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In his recent brilliant manuscript \cite{Read}, the late Charles J.~Read constructed an equivalent norm $|||\cdot|||$ on $c_0$ such that the space $\mathcal R = (c_0, |||\cdot|||)$ answers negatively the following open problem by Ivan Singer from 1974 \cite{Singer}: \begin{itemize} \item[(S...
1,477,468,751,233
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Since the pioneering discoveries of quasicrystals with icosahedral,\cite{SBGC} dodecagonal,\cite{INF} decagonal,\cite{Ben} and octagonal\cite{WCK} symmetry, electronic transport phenomena arguably belong to the most celebrated and intriguing physical properties of these intermetalli...
1,477,468,751,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen has been working on a class of stochastic models called integer-valued trawl processes. References include \cite{BarndorffNielsen(11)}, \cite{BarndorffNielsenBenthVeraart(12)} and \cite{BarndorffNielsenLundeShephardVeraart(14)}. These are flexible m...
1,477,468,751,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), supersymmetry (SUSY) offers a very promising avenue. By relating bosons and fermions, it stabilises the Higgs boson mass with respect to quantum corrections, allows for the unification of the gauge couplings and provides...
1,477,468,751,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Smartphones have now replaced many measuring instruments and devices specially the ones that we use in our daily life. Examples are alarm clock, calendar, calculator, maps etc. With the help of computer vision, we also have apps that can monitor persons health and estimate blood pressure and hear...
1,477,468,751,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction and the main results} The paramount property of an analytic function is that it is completely determined by its value and the values of all its derivatives at a single point. Borel first perceived that there is a more larger class of smooth functions than that of analytic functions which has thi...
1,477,468,751,238
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newtheorem{dfn}{Definition}[section] \newtheorem{thm}[dfn]{Theorem} \newtheorem{lmma}[dfn]{Lemma} \newtheorem{ppsn}[dfn]{Proposition} \newtheorem{crlre}[dfn]{Corollary} \newtheorem{xmpl}[dfn]{Example} \newtheorem{rmrk}[dfn]{Remark} \newcommand{\begin{dfn}}{\begin{dfn}} \newcommand{\begin{thm}}{\begin{thm...
1,477,468,751,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since 2005, 14 satellite companions to the Milky Way have been discovered (see \citet{willman09} and references therein). Despite the fact that many of these objects are less luminous than a typical globular cluster ($-1.5 < M_V < -8.6$), these 14 objects have a range of properties that encompa...
1,477,468,751,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $Q$-curvature arises naturally as a conformal invariant associated to the Paneitz operator. When $n=4$, the Paneitz operator is defined as: $$P_g=\Delta_g^2+\delta(\frac{2}{3}R_g\,g-2\, {\rm Ric_g})d,$$ where $\delta$ is the divergence operator, $d$ is the differential operator, $R$ is the s...
1,477,468,751,241
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Some of the most interesting unsolved problems in general relativity require full dynamical solutions of Einstein's equations in three spatial dimensions. Such solutions have to be found numerically, and this is only barely becoming technically feasible. An important set of pro...
1,477,468,751,242
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many new charmonium-like states have been discovered by the B-factory experiments, typically via a prominent hadronic decay to a known charmonium state, such as $J/\psi$, $\psi(2S)$ or $\chi_{c1}$. Some have attracted particular interest because of their net electric charge~\cite{zplus}...
1,477,468,751,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The prime counting function $\pi(x)$ denotes the number of primes less or equal to $x$. In 1872, Lionnet \cite{lionnet} raised the question whether the inequality \begin{equation} \pi(2n) - \pi(n) \leq \pi(n) \tag{1.1} \label{1.1} \end{equation} holds for every integer $n \geq 2$. This means th...
1,477,468,751,244
arxiv
\section*{\refname}} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{graphics} \usepackage{dcolumn} \usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{float} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{subfig} \usepackage[colorlinks=true,linktocpage=true,urlcol...
1,477,468,751,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Network data has become a ubiquitous part of daily life and spans diverse areas; from social networks, emails, and online forums, to scientific citation networks and protein or chemistry interactions. Accordingly, there has been a recent push to develop methods for knowledge extraction and repr...
1,477,468,751,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this paper, $M^n$ denotes an $n$-dimensional, compact, connected, oriented, smooth manifold with nonempty boundary $\Sigma$ and $n\geq3.$ We say that a Riemannian metric $g$ is a gradient Einstein-type metric on $M^{n}$ or that $(M^n,g)$ is a gradient Einstein-type manifold if there e...
1,477,468,751,247
arxiv
\section[Introduction]{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Outflows in the form of winds are commonly associated with various astrophysical sources like AGNs, X-ray binaries, YSOs etc. In radio quiet AGNs, blue-shifted iron lines are frequently reported. This blue shift is believed to be generated from resonance absorptio...
1,477,468,751,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning models are often deployed in a target domain that differs from the domain in which they were trained and validated in. This leads to the practical challenges of adapting and evaluating the performance of models on a new domain without costly labeling of the dataset of intere...
1,477,468,751,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While there are relatively efficient approximate similarity search algorithms, it is widely supposed that the exact search suffers from dimensionality \cite{Pestov2012}. Thus, solving the problem in the most general case for an arbitrary dataset is impossible. We investigate exact indexing fo...
1,477,468,751,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to develop efficient importance sampling algorithms for computing the expectations of functionals of solutions to McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (MV-SDE). MV-SDE are stochastic differential equations where the coefficients depend on the law of the ...
1,477,468,751,251
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a given positive integer $p$ and a surface $\Sigma$, we are concerned with obtaining optimal drawings (that is, drawings with the fewest possible number of crossings) for the $K_{p,q}$ family in $\Sigma$. For that, we want to use the duplication operation (see below) akin to its use in Zar...
1,477,468,751,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-class segmentation problems are common in analysis of biomedical images. A typical solution is to train a neural network pixel classifier. Commonly, these networks predict a probability distribution over all classes in each pixel, which can be thresholded to obtain a final segmentation. The...
1,477,468,751,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transition to turbulence is a widely studied phenomenon in hydrodynamical flows, where usually a control parameter such as the Reynolds number ($R_e$) is progressively varied and a sequence of local and/or global bifurcations leads the system unto an erratic state where disorder in space and ti...
1,477,468,751,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $ \mathcal{X}$ be a Banach space and $I_\mathcal{X}$ be the identity operator on $\mathcal{X}$. Carl Neumann's classical result says that if $ T : \mathcal{X}\rightarrow \mathcal{X}$ is a bounded linear operator such that $\|T-I_\mathcal{X}\|<1$, then $T$ is invertible \cite{CARLNEUMANN}. F...
1,477,468,751,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the pioneering paper published by Moore in 1970 \cite{Moore1970} and the contributions by Fulling and Davies \cite{FullingDavies1976} and by Ford and Vilenkin \cite{FordVilenkin1982} that appeared some years later, radiation reaction force on moving boundaries attracted the attention of ma...
1,477,468,751,256
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The bending of light by gravitational fields can both magnify and create multiple images of an object \citep{1986ApJ...310..568B, 1996astro.ph..6001N}. The gravitational field of a galaxy creates `macro-images' of a distant source such as a quasar. Coherent trends in the magnif...
1,477,468,751,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We provide a short overview of the systems used for describing fractals that are most similar to the way we are proposing. In the $1960$s, Lindenmayer \cite{AL} designed a system to formally describe the development of simple organisms such as bacteria, later known as L-systems. Mathematicians ha...
1,477,468,751,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding star formation mechanisms and their physical connection to the interstellar medium (ISM) properties of galaxies is crucial for resolving astrophysical issues such as the physical nature of the Hubble sequence, the nature and triggering of starbursts, and the interpretation of obser...
1,477,468,751,259
arxiv
\section{Non-interacting limit} \label{Non_int} The single particle Hamiltonian of a spin-orbit(SO) coupled bosonic system in an optical lattice (as given by Eq.\ 1 of the main text with $\lambda = \mathcal{V} =0$) can be written as a $2 \times 2$ matrix in the momentum representation as \begin{equation} H_{SO} = \lef...
1,477,468,751,260
arxiv
\section{Background and Data Collection} \label{sec:Background and Data Collection} \subsection{Stack Overflow Q\&A Site} Q\&A sites have become very popular in recent years. There are several Q\&A sites that programmers use to ask questions, solve problems they encounter, provide answers to other people's problems, ...
1,477,468,751,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism $f\colon S\to S$ on a surface determines a complex structure and holomorphic quadratic differential, $(X,q)$, up to Teichm\"uller deformation, for which the vertical and horizontal foliations are the stable and unstable foliations of $f$. The pseudo-Anosov generate...
1,477,468,751,262
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper can be thought as a continuation of \cite{BeKr} and \cite{BaBe}, on which we build our main results. The problem addressed in the present work is to extend the approach proposed in \cite{BeKr} and \cite{BaBe} to Stein domains of analytic spaces. More precisely, the main theorems of t...
1,477,468,751,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \subsection{Background and Problem Definition} \label{ssec:background} Halfspaces are Boolean functions $h_{\mathbf{w}}: \mathbb{R}^d \to \{ \pm 1\}$ of the form $h_{\mathbf{w}}(\mathbf{x}) = \mathrm{sign} \left(\langle \mathbf{w}, \mathbf{x} \rangle \right)$, where $\mathbf{...
1,477,468,751,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the following stochastic differential equation (SDE in short) driven by fractional Brownian motion (fBm in short) \begin{equation}{\label{eq1}} \left\{ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{d}X_{t}&=b(X_{t})\mathrm{d}t+\sigma\mathrm{d}B^{H}_{t},\\ X_{0}&=x, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equat...
1,477,468,751,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The set $\mathcal{Q}$ of quasi-alternating links was defined by Ozsv\'ath and Szab\'o \cite{Osvath-Szabo:DoubleCovers} as the smallest set of links satisfying the following:\\ \begin{minipage}{3.8in} \begin{itemize} \item the unknot is in $\mathcal{Q}$ \item if link $\mathcal{L}$ has a diagram $L...
1,477,468,751,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the United States, numerous laws have been enacted to protect very specific classes of information about individuals: the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) protects information used to determine credit worthiness~\cite{fcra:ftc}; % the Health Insurance Portability and Acco...
1,477,468,751,267
arxiv
\section*{\large Supplemental Material:\\ From semimetal to chiral Fulde-Ferrell superfluids} \indent In this Supplementary Material we provide the details of the model realization, and the proof of the generic theorem to determine the topology, i.e. the Chern number of a chiral superfluid/superconductor. \section...
1,477,468,751,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the significant challenges is to prolong the lifetime of energy-constrained wireless networks which are powered by finite capacity batteries. Although, the lifetime of such networks can be extended by replacing or recharging the batteries, it may be inconvenient and costly. Therefore, ener...
1,477,468,751,269
arxiv
\section*{introduction and background} Gromov Witten theory has provided important tools to study interesting loci in the moduli space of curves since the early 90's. Here we use the Gromov-Witten theory of smooth projective homogeneous spaces $X$ to produce a seemingly rich source of basepoint free classes of arbit...
1,477,468,751,270
arxiv
\subsection{Proving Semantic Equivalence of Optimized formulas (\Cref{thm:sem-equiv-opt})} \label{sec:proof-opt-equiv} \vspace{-1mm} In this section we present proofs ascertaining the correctness of our enforcers. We prove \Cref{thm:strong-enf}, by proving that the enforcers synthesised by our synthesis function are...
1,477,468,751,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Everyday processes occur in such a way as to suggest an obvious intuitive difference between the past and the future. One of the great mysteries of physics and, in particular, the metaphysics of time is to explain the existence of this time-asymmetry despite the symmetry of th...
1,477,468,751,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent observational data provide a strong support of the existence of extragalactic magnetic fields, in the range of $\mcO (10^{-14}$-$10^{-20})\,{\rm G}$ on Mpc scales~\cite{Neronov:1900zz,Tavecchio:2010mk,Dermer:2010mm,Huan:2011kp,Dolag:2010ni,Essey:2010nd,Taylor:2011bn,Vovk:2011aa,Taka...
1,477,468,751,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{I} Taken the importance of transportation networks in different types of natural and man-made structures the relevance of their stability against disturbances be they individual failures or complete breakdown is obvious. In turn, one may single out two main ingredients which determi...
1,477,468,751,274
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since their discovery in 1960s (Schmidt 1963), quasars have become important extra-galactic objects in astrophysics. They not only can be used to probe the physics of supermassive black holes and accretion/jet process, but also are closely related to the studies of galaxy evolution, intergala...
1,477,468,751,275
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Intro} INTRODUCTION} Network theory has proven a powerful framework for studying the effects of randomness and heterogeneity on the dynamics of interacting agents with non-trivial connectivity patterns \cite{Strog1}. One of the most important applications of this work is to the spread of infectious ...
1,477,468,751,276
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} The renormalization group (RG) has been recognized as a powerful theoretical tool to study phase transitions and critical phenomena since the seminal work by Wilson {\it et al.} \cite{Wilson:1971bg, Wilson:1971dh, Wilson:1971dc, Wilson:1973jj}. A second-order phase transition is ...
1,477,468,751,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper concerns the task of graph exploration by a finite automaton guided by a graph labeling scheme. A finite automaton $\mathcal{R}$, called a robot, must be able to visit all the nodes of any unknown anonymous undirected graph $G = (V,E)$. The robot has no a priori information abou...
1,477,468,751,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s1} \setcounter{footnote}{0} In this note, we review the basic ideas presented in our recent works \cite{Sumino:2008hu,Sumino:2008hy}, which analyze possible connections between the charged lepton spectrum and family gauge symmetries; in particular, full advantage of Koide's mass formula...
1,477,468,751,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dempster-Shafer evidence theory\cite{dempster1967upper,shafer1976mathematical} has attracted more and more attentions recently years. It can handle with uncertain and incomplete information in many fields, such as target recognition, information fusion and decision making\cite{denoeux2008conjunc...
1,477,468,751,280
arxiv
\section{Tests of Lorentz violation with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos} Lorentz symmetry is a fundamental symmetry underlying both quantum field theory and general relativity. Nevertheless, violation of Lorentz symmetry, often known as Lorentz violation (LV), has been searched for since the iconic Michelson-Morl...