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1,477,468,750,981 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The electromagnetic form factors of a nucleon provide information on its internal
momentum space distribution of charge and magnetization, thus furnishing a unique
window into the quark and gluon substructure of the nucleon. Building a bridge
between QCD and the observed nucleon properties is ... |
1,477,468,750,982 | arxiv | \section{Supplementary material}
In this supplementary material we provide details of the derivation of the main formulas in the text of the paper.
\subsection{Markovian evolution}
In this section we describe the mapping of Eq. (13) in the main text on the Markovian evolution process. For the sake of consistency, ... |
1,477,468,750,983 | arxiv | |
1,477,468,750,984 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{introduction}
The properties of quantum electron on a fractal substrate and under the influence of a magnetic field were studied long ago in the physics literature~\cite{Alexanderetal,Alexander,Rammal,AO,Rammal2,Ghez} as part of a more general program involving quasiperiodic media~\cite{... |
1,477,468,750,985 | arxiv | |
1,477,468,750,986 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Young stellar objects grow mainly by accreting mass from a circumstellar or protoplanetary disk. Planet formation theories predict that the composition of the disk should vary with time owing to the growth of dust grains into centimeter-sized grains, or ``pebbles'', that drift... |
1,477,468,750,987 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
\label{sec:intro}
As is well-known, string and M theory are higher dimensional theories, that can yield phenomenologically relevant four-dimensional models through compactification. The vast majority of these constructions use a Calabi--Yau (CY) manifold as the internal, compact space. There are ... |
1,477,468,750,988 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the following Cauchy problem
\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
^{C}D_{0|t}^{\gamma _{1}}u-\Delta u=f(v(t,.)),\;\;t>0,x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}, \\%
[5pt]
^{C}D_{0|t}^{\gamma _{2}}v-\Delta v=g(u(t,.)),\;\;t>0,x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}
\end{array
\right. \label{sys1}
\end{equa... |
1,477,468,750,989 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The power spectra of fluctuations in the matter and (more observably)
galaxy fields carry important cosmological information. On large
scales and early epochs, where the fluctuations are small and
Gaussian, this information is preserved from early epochs, each
Fourier mode having evolved linear... |
1,477,468,750,990 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We shall use the 1+3 frame formalism \cite{EU,WE} to write down the
evolution equations for spherically symmetric models as a
well-posed system of first order PDEs in 2 variables.
The formalism is particularly well-suited for studying
perfect fluid spherically symmetric
models \cite{SSSS}, and... |
1,477,468,750,991 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past decade, memes have become a ubiquitous phenomenon over the internet. Memes can come in several formats such as images, video, etc. Memes can take a combined form of both text and images too. Due to its vast popularity, different people perceive memes distinctively. Recent studies h... |
1,477,468,750,992 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, the ability to embed representations of images and text in a joint space was studied thoroughly for many tasks. Among which are image annotation and search~\cite{klein2015associating, chen2017amc}, zero-shot recognition~\cite{socher2013zero, mukherjee2016gaussian, frome2013devise, ree... |
1,477,468,750,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Thermal energy storage (TES) \cite{TES1,TES2} technology has attracted wide attention due to its ability to solve the temporal and spatial imbalance between energy supply and energy demand. Among various TES methods, the latent heat storage (LHTES) \cite{LHTES,LHTES2} which could store thermal... |
1,477,468,750,994 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quantum Yang-Baxter equation is an equation in the field of mathematical physics and it lies in the foundation of the theory of quantum groups.
Let $R:V \otimes V \rightarrow V \otimes V$ be a linear operator, where $V$ is a vector space. The quantum Yang-Baxter equation is the equality $R^... |
1,477,468,750,995 | arxiv | \section{Hamiltonian and molecular potential}
The Hamiltonian of the $i$-th Rydberg atom is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
H_{i} &=& \hbar \omega_{0} \sum_{j_z=-3/2}^{3/2}\ketbra{np_{3/2},j_z}{np_{3/2},j_z}_{i} \notag \\
&&+ \hbar (\omega_{0}+\Delta) \sum_{j_{z}=-1/2}^{1/2}\ketbra{np_{1/2},j_z}{np_{1/2},j_z}_{i},
\end{eqna... |
1,477,468,750,996 | arxiv | \section{IGRB Anisotropy}
In all-sky high-energy gamma-ray observations an intense diffuse emission originating from the Milky Way is visible.
Above 30~MeV the large majority of this emission is produced
by cosmic-ray (CR) ions interacting with the Galactic interstellar gas via neutral pion production and decay, and
... |
1,477,468,750,997 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Motivic homotopy theory intertwines classical algebraic geometry and stable algebraic topology.
In this paper we study obstruction theory for $E_\infty$-structures in the motivic setup.
An $E_\infty$-structure on a spectrum refers as usual to a ring structure which is not just given up to homotop... |
1,477,468,750,998 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Magellanic Clouds present a nearby, easily observable laboratory in which to study minor galaxy interactions. In this system, the Magellanic Bridge is thought to be a product of the tidal interaction between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC \& SMC). It contains both gas and stell... |
1,477,468,750,999 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
As usual, let $\sigma(N)$ denote the sum of divisors of a positive integer $N$.
$N$ is called perfect if $\sigma(N)=2N$.
Though it is not known whether or not an odd perfect number exists,
many conditions which must be satisfied by such a number are known.
Suppose that $N$ i... |
1,477,468,751,000 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A long-term goal of AI research is to build embodied agents that can perceive the environment, communicate with humans, and perform real-world tasks to benefit human society.
However, since the agent interacts closely with humans and environments, it often receives sensitive information during ... |
1,477,468,751,001 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The traditional and widely used picture of elastic multiple scattering of light is one of a plane wave that exponentially decays on the length scale of a mean free path while
propagating from one particle to another, with an electric field orthogonal to the direction of propagation, and wit... |
1,477,468,751,002 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of quantum walks (QWs) was introduced by Aharonov et al. \cite{Aharonov1} as a quantum version of the usual random walks. QWs have been intensively studied from various fields. For example, quantum algorithm \cite{Portugal}, the topological insulator \cite{Kitagawa}, and radioactive w... |
1,477,468,751,003 | arxiv | \@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{20pt plus 2pt minus 2pt{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{20pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{letterpaper,left=1.75cm,right=1.75cm,top=1.5cm,bottom=1.5cm}
\usepackage{graphicx}%
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usep... |
1,477,468,751,004 | arxiv | \section{Conditional Computation for Deep Nets}
Deep learning is about learning hierarchically-organized representations,
with higher levels corresponding to more abstract concepts automatically
learned from data, either in a supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised
way, or via reinforcement learning~\citep{Deepmind-... |
1,477,468,751,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The share of wind in the energy mix, and the number of wind energy installations, continue to grow and will be a key component of a significantly greener grid in the decades to come \cite{irena2021wind}. Moreover, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), \cite{doe2021wind}, wind ener... |
1,477,468,751,006 | arxiv | \section{Decoupling via Inverse Iteration}
\label{sec:decoupling}
The following results are the basis of the subroutine we use to decouple a Hessenberg matrix once a forward approximate eigenvalue of $H$ is obtained.
\begin{lemma}[Decoupling in Exact Arithmetic]
\label{lem:exactdecoupling}
Let $s\in \bC$ and $H\in ... |
1,477,468,751,007 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inflation has been remarkably successful in solving some puzzles in
the standard hot big bang cosmology
\cite{Guth81,Linde82,Steinhardt82,Starobinsky-inf}. Inflation also
predicts that fluctuations of quantum origin were generated and
frozen to seed wrinkles in the cosmic microwave background (C... |
1,477,468,751,008 | arxiv | \section{Torus with respect to BLR and NLR}
The unification model, invoking a dusty torus located in between the
broad-line region (BLR) and narrow-line region (NLR)
of active galactic nuclei (AGNs),
is well supported for Seyfert galaxies.
However, there are still some important open questions:
Does the subtending angl... |
1,477,468,751,009 | arxiv |
\subsubsection{The ATLAS and CMS detectors}
ATLAS and CMS are general-purpose detectors with a cylindrical geometry and a nearly hermetic coverage
in $\theta$ and $\phi$\footnote{Both ATLAS and CMS use right-handed coordinate systems with their origin placed
at the nominal interaction point and the $z$-axis running... |
1,477,468,751,010 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entity resolution (ER) is the process of identifying records that refer
to the same real-world entity.
Accurate and efficient ER is needed in various data-intensive
applications, including but not limited to health studies, fraud
detection, and national censuses~\cite{Christen:2012:DMC:234410... |
1,477,468,751,011 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion}
The discovery of ALPs using helioscopes requires high efficiency and low background X-ray detectors. The possibility to study the properties of ALPs implies the use of high resolution and low energy threshold detectors. Metallic magnetic calorimeters can be optimized to ful... |
1,477,468,751,012 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the main objectives of linear collider experiments is the precision spectroscopy
of new particles predicted in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), such as
Supersymmetry (SUSY). Since some, or most, of these particles may have masses of
$\cal{O}\mathrm{(1~TeV)}$, these s... |
1,477,468,751,013 | arxiv | \section{Hitchin representations}\label{sectionHitchin}
In this section we give a short overview of surface and orbifold Hitchin representations.
\subsection{Spaces of representations} \label{section_irrep}
\sloppy Let $G$ be a Lie group and let $\Gamma$ be a group with a finite presentation $\langle \alpha_1, \l... |
1,477,468,751,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Supersolidity, where superfluid and crystalline orders coexist, have
fascinated physicsits since they were first theoretically
proposed\cite{Andreev69}. Recent experimental results in
$^4$He\cite{MosesChan} that are still under active debate have led
to renewed interest. Experime... |
1,477,468,751,015 | arxiv | \section{Appendix A: Proof of Observation 1}
Let us first recapitulate the algorithm and fix the notation. Let $\vert \psi \rangle$
be the randomly drawn initial state and denote by $\vert \pi \rangle $ its best product
state approximation (BPA), that is,
\begin{align} \label{min}
\vert \pi \rangle = \text{argm... |
1,477,468,751,016 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In deep inelastic scattering (DIS) the incident lepton is scattered on
a coloured quark. Normally this results in a colour field between the struck
quark and the proton remnant, such that hadrons are produced in the whole
rapidity region in between.
In electron-proton collisions at HERA, thi... |
1,477,468,751,017 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Low flux states in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are of particular interest as they can show very extreme behaviour, such as drops by factors of 10 or more in flux over the 2--10~keV band on time scales of months to days \citep[e.g.][]{Grupe07}. The nature of these low states may have important ... |
1,477,468,751,018 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{s:intro}
\begin{notation}\label{not:leqct}
Equality, inequality and strict inequality up to a constant
between total functions $D\to\bbbn$, where $D$ is any set,
are denoted as follows:
\begin{eqnarray*}
f\ \leq_{\rm ct}\ g &\Leftrightarrow&
\exists c\in\bbbn\ \forall x\in D\ f(x)\l... |
1,477,468,751,019 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The aim of this work is to provide a natural geometric interpretation of the automorphism groups of holomorphic vector bundles over the Riemann sphere.
According to a foundational theorem of Grothendieck \cite{Groth57}, every bundle $E\to \field{C}\field{P}^{1}$ splits as a d... |
1,477,468,751,020 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro.st}
The nonparametric estimation, based on the observation of $n$
i.i.d. copies $X_{1}$,~\dots, $X_{n}$, of the distribution of a
continuous random variable under a monotonicity constraint, has
received a great deal of attention in
the past decades, see \cite{BW06} for a review. Th... |
1,477,468,751,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational infall is a key part of the massive-star formation process, contributing via competitive accretion \citep{2004MNRAS.349..735B} and core accretion \citep{2003ApJ...585..850M}. These processes occur in high-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) at early evolutionary stages and continue th... |
1,477,468,751,022 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Research in the field of question answering could route from earliest examples of AI system designed to answer questions like ELIZA \citep{weizenbaumELIZAComputerProgram1966} developed at MIT in the 1960s; or engineering approaches to complex problems; or foundational research in the psychology f... |
1,477,468,751,023 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cancer is an evolutionary process where cellular sub-populations known as sub-clones compete with each other under conditions of Darwinian natural selection\cite{yates2015subclonal}. Resultant Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity (ITH) has been associated with higher likelihood of relapse and increased resi... |
1,477,468,751,024 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A 19th century
theorem of Gegenbauer asserts that for each fixed $k$, the set of positive integers not divisible by the $k$th power of an integer larger than $1$ has asymptotic density $\zeta(k)^{-1}$, where $\zeta(s)$ is the familiar Riemann zeta function. Call such an integer \textsf{$k$th-powe... |
1,477,468,751,025 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
General relativity is nowadays the standard physical theory to describe gravitational phenomena. From a theoretical and astrophysical point of view, black holes are one of the most successful predictions of general relativity, testing this theory under regimes of extreme gravi... |
1,477,468,751,026 | arxiv | \section*{Quantum materials, minus the oxygen}
Heusler compounds are intermetallic compounds that crystallize in one of several stuffed tetrahedral structures. Conventionally the term ``Heusler'' has been reserved for the cubic polymorphs, but here I expand the term to include the hexagonal analogues (Fig. \ref{crystal... |
1,477,468,751,027 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The so-called deterministic compartmental dynamical systems are the simplest amongst the models of epidemiogical dynamics, and a large number of them have been recently considered in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic (see, for example, \cite{MB2020science,VLABHPRYV2020,CG2020size} and references... |
1,477,468,751,028 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider polynomials orthogonal with respect to the \textit{generalised higher order Freud weight}
\begin{equation} \label{freudg}
\omega(x;t,\lambda)=|x|^{2\lambda+1}\exp\left(tx^2-x^{2m}\right)
\qquad x,t \in\mathbb{R}, \qquad m=2,3,\dots,\end{equation}
with $\lambda>-1$ a pa... |
1,477,468,751,029 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{
$2010$ \emph{Mathematics Subject Classification.} Primary $57\rm S25$; Secondary $55\rm M35$.
\emph{\textcolor{white}{ggf}Keywords and phrases.} induced character, fixed point, Smith problem, smooth action.}
P. A. Smith raised in $1960$ the following question for finite groups \cite... |
1,477,468,751,030 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
However, before proving Theorem \ref{maintheorem} we mention several concepts and results which we need to make use of, and we prove a lemma.
A graph $G$ is an edge-critical block, if $\kappa(G)=2$ and $\kappa(G-e)=1$ for any edge $e$ of $G$ . Let $D(G)$ be the set of edges $uv$ where $d_{G}(u)... |
1,477,468,751,031 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A stochastic process $\bfxi=(\xi_t)_{t\in[0,1]}$ on the interval $[0,1]$,
whose sample paths belong to the space $C[0,1]$ of continuous functions on
$[0,1]$, is called \emph{max-stable} (MSP), if there are norming functions
$a_n,b_n\in C[0,1]$, $a_n>0$, such that the distribution of the proce... |
1,477,468,751,032 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
So far, most of the large-scale machine learning systems are trained in batch mode where the data samples from all the classes must be available during training. As pointed out by~\cite{rebuffi2016icarl,li2016learning}, natural learning systems are inherently incremental where new knowledge is co... |
1,477,468,751,033 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological quantum computation has recently emerged as one of the most intriguing paradigms
for the storage and manipulation of quantum information~\cite{Nayak_2008, Pachos_2012}.
The defining features of topological order, namely the existence of degenerate ground states which
(i) share the ... |
1,477,468,751,034 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Holographic correlators are correlation functions of single trace operators in CFTs with holographic duals, such that the large $N$ limit of the CFT correlators is dual to scattering of gravitons or KK modes in weakly coupled AdS gravity. One reason to study these correlators is to... |
1,477,468,751,035 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}
\newtheorem{cor}{Corollary}
\newtheorem{rem}{Remark}
\newtheorem{lem}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
\renewcommand {\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand {\beq}{\begin{e... |
1,477,468,751,036 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a variety of groups that can act on a Riemann surface/algebraic curve over $\mathbb{C}$; the automorphism group, the mapping class group (here we might allow punctures) and if the curve is defined over $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$, then the absolute Galois
group $\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\... |
1,477,468,751,037 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A superlattice structure in two-dimensional (2D) materials has opened a new way to engineer electronic bands, starting with the investigation on a honeycomb superlattice structure in monolayer graphene \cite{PhysRevLett.71.4389}. Recently, Moir\'e pattern in a twisted-bilayer van der Waals heter... |
1,477,468,751,038 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:Introduction}
In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions a new state of matter known as Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is produced. A key observable in the study of QGP is azimuthal anisotropy in particle production wrt. the collision symmetry plane, $\Psi_n$ \cite{Ollitrault:1992bk, Voloshin:... |
1,477,468,751,039 | arxiv | \section{The space of functions of bounded variation}\label{sec:int}
A \emph{countable vector space} $A$ over a countable field $K$ consists of a set $\lvert A \rvert\subseteq \Nat$ and mappings $+ \colon \lvert A \rvert \times \lvert A \rvert \longto \lvert A \rvert$, $\cdot \colon K \times \lvert A \rvert \longto ... |
1,477,468,751,040 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article, a linear map from differential two-forms to symmetric two-tensors
in two-dimensional Hermitian manifolds
introduced in \cite{gi-u1-prl} is studied.
The map reveals another aspect of Seiberg-Witten map.
The original Seiberg-Witten map is a map
from noncommutative gauge f... |
1,477,468,751,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This bundle provides two classfiles, namely \verb+cas-sc.cls+ and
\verb+cas-dc.cls+ and corresponding template files for typesetting
journal articles supposed to go through Elsevier's updated workflow.
\verb+cas-sc.cls+ is meant for one-column, the other
\verb+cas-dc.cls+ for two-column layout.... |
1,477,468,751,042 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The starting point for this work is the classical generating series
\[ \exp\frac{1}{2}(\Lambda X - \Lambda/X) = \sum_{i\in{\bf Z}} J_i(\Lambda)X^i \]
for the Bessel functions $\{J_i(\Lambda)\}_{i\in{\bf Z}}$ due to Schl\"omilch\cite{Sc} that was the foundation for his treatment of Bessel fun... |
1,477,468,751,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The task of time stretching or pitch shifting music signals is fundamental in computer music and has many applications within areas such as transcription, mixing, transposition, and auto-tuning \cite{Ishizaki2009,Risset20022}. Time stretching is the operation of changing the length of a signal, w... |
1,477,468,751,044 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Let $\Sigma$ be a finite ordered non-empty set which we refer to as an \emph{alphabet}. The elements of~$\Sigma$ are called \emph{characters}. characters are treated as integers in a range $[0, \sigma-1]$; and we assume that a pair of characters can be compared in $\mathcal{O}(1)$ time. A fi... |
1,477,468,751,045 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
The challenge of the error free quantum
computation~\cite{Kitaev2002,Childs2002,Preskill1998} resulted in a surge of
interest to many physical systems and mathematical models that were considered
very exotic before. While it is clearly very difficult (if not impossible) to
satisfy the condition... |
1,477,468,751,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Time crystals are nonequilibrium many-body phases, in which time-translation symmetry is spontaneously broken \cite{Wilczek2012, Shapere2012, Sacha2020, Else20,Khemani2019}.
Time crystals that are induced by periodic driving exhibit a robust subharmonic response in relation to the driving frequ... |
1,477,468,751,047 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
\textbf{%
There is a contradiction at the heart of our current understanding of individual and collective mobility patterns.
On one hand, a highly influential stream of literature on human mobility driven by analyses of massive empirical datasets finds that human movements show no evidence of chara... |
1,477,468,751,048 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec1}
When we have two independent samples and would like to detect whether there is difference between means of the two populations then we apply the parametric and the non parametric tests. If the samples come from normal distribution, then the $t$ test will be the right choice.
In th... |
1,477,468,751,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In his landmark study \cite{mazur1978} of the Eisenstein ideal with prime level, Mazur named five ``special settings'' in which ``it would be interesting to develop the theory of the Eisenstein ideal in a broader context'' [pg.\ 39, \textit{loc.\ cit.}], the first of which is the setting of squa... |
1,477,468,751,050 | arxiv | \section*{ 1. Introduction }
Measurements of the photoproduction of the $K^+\Lambda$ final
state with high statistics have become possible in the past
decade due to high-flux photon beams in the GeV range. Recently,
the CLAS collaboration published a compendium of data
for this reaction over a wide range of
angle... |
1,477,468,751,051 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{daptive} Volterra filters have been thoroughly studied in diverse applications \cite{karakucs2017bayesian,mallouki2016analysis,sicuranza2004filtered,sicuranza2005multichannel}. However, such filters become computationally expensive when a large number of multidimensional coeffici... |
1,477,468,751,052 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The logistic fictitious play (LFP) algorithm (a.k.a.\ stochastic fictitious play with best logit response), first introduced by Fudenberg and Kreps in 1993~\cite{Fuden_93}, is a classical algorithm in game theory (see~\cite{Ny_06} and references therein). In this work we focus o... |
1,477,468,751,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Several real-world systems such as social-interactions, brain-connectome, epidemic spread, recommender systems, and traffic patterns are best represented by structured data in the form of large graphs. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are deep neural network architectures that lev... |
1,477,468,751,054 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{\bibname}}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{nicefrac}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{chngcntr}
\usepackage{xargs} ... |
1,477,468,751,055 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) by the Advanced Laser Interferometer
Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO) has enabled some of the first
experimental studies of gravity in the highly dynamical and strong-field
regimes \cite{gw150914, gw151226, o1bbh, gw170104, gw150914_tgr}. These fi... |
1,477,468,751,056 | arxiv | \section{Zero-Width Attack}\label{sec.zwspa}
In this section, we present the Zero-Width attack (ZeW).
We first introduce in Section~\ref{sub.motivations} the motivations and the intuition that drives our investigation. In Section~\ref{sub.tp} we describe how ZeW can affect different NLP pipelines. We conclude with Sect... |
1,477,468,751,057 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extensive studies on the high-$T_c$ superconducting copper oxides have
revealed an intimate connection between the magnetism and the
superconductivity. \cite{kastner} A detailed study of the spin dynamics in the
superconducting La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ system has been performed by Yamada
$et$ $al.... |
1,477,468,751,058 | arxiv | \section{Results and questions about the spectrum of the damped wave equation}
Let $(M, g)$ be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold without boundary.
Let $a$ be a $C^\infty$ {\em real valued} function on $M$.
We study the ``damped\footnote{The term ``damped'' applies to the case when $a\geq 0$, that is to say, when the... |
1,477,468,751,059 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite all its success, quantum mechanics after more that one hundred years, is still under debate. All the problems due to its interpretation are originated from the choice to formulate the theory using the Hilbert space formalism. Here we will discuss how this choice is unavoidable and su... |
1,477,468,751,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an algorithm with no supervision that can be used to train an agent to interact with an unknown environment. The dynamics of the interaction are often assumed to be a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The key feature of RL is its sole dependence on a set of experience... |
1,477,468,751,061 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The magnetic order can be excited by magnetic fields, spin~\cite{STT,TmIG0}
and heat~\cite{SpinCaloritronics,OtaniSpinConv} currents, mechanical rotations
and sound waves~\cite{MechanicalWaves1,MechanicalWaves2}, optical fields in
cavities~\cite{Cavitronics1,Cavitronics2}, and electric
fields~\c... |
1,477,468,751,062 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Precise measurements of neutrino mixing parameters are
crucial to searches for {\it CP}-symmetry violation among neutral leptons and tests of neutrino oscillation theory. In particular, the precision of neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ is of key significance in constraining the leptonic {\it... |
1,477,468,751,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{P}{oint} set registration is a challenging but meaningful task, which has wide application in many fields \cite{myronenko2009image,ma2016non,wu2012online,klaus2006segment,maintz1998survey,raguram2008comparative,yuille1988computational,sonka2014image}. For example, point set registr... |
1,477,468,751,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec: introduction}
\NEW
Millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communications are one of the most promising candidates to support extremely high data rates in future wireless networks~\cite{rappaport2014mmWaveBook,Niu2015Survey,Nitsche2014IEEE}.
MmWave communications are attractive for many appl... |
1,477,468,751,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-.75em}
Language models (LM) are very powerful in lipreading systems (e.g. in \cite{bowden2013recent,6288999}). Language models built upon the ground truth utterances of datasets learn grammar and structure rules of words and sentences (the latter in the case of continuous speech). Howeve... |
1,477,468,751,066 | arxiv | \section{Preliminary notions}
We first need some linear operators on the ring $\mu$ of symmetric functions. As Schur functions are a basis, it suffices to describe the operators on these functions. The first one is a projection on Schur functions indexed by partitions that have at most $k$ parts, denoted $\downarrow... |
1,477,468,751,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1931 Dirac linked the existence of magnetic monopoles (MMs) with
the quantization of electric charge and postulated the relation
between the elementary
electric charge $e$ of the electron and a basic magnetic charge $g$
\cite{dirac}:
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{ccc} g = \frac{n\hbar c}{2... |
1,477,468,751,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The unique properties of graphene, the first truly two-dimensional material, have spurred a flood of research on fundamental physics and on technological possibilities. \cite{Neto_Gfn_ElProp_RMP09, Castro_BBLG_ElProp_JPCM10, Nilsson_BLG_MultiLG_electron_PRB08, SDS_Gfn_RMP11, PesinAHM_Gfn_Spin... |
1,477,468,751,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1972 it was suggested by Wolff \citep{1972ApJ...176..833W} that solar flares could stimulate free oscillations in the Sun. The general idea by Wolff was that the flares would cause a thermal expansion that would act as a mechanical impulse by causing a wave of compression to move subsonically ... |
1,477,468,751,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hilbert spaces of entire functions play an important part in modern analysis. Their structural properties
(e.g., problems of uniqueness, interpolation or sampling) are of interest both from the function-theoretic point of view
and for numerous applications -- spectral problems for canonical... |
1,477,468,751,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
Let $(x_1,Y_1), \ldots, (x_n,Y_n)$
be observations from the nonparametric regression model
\begin{equation}
Y_i = f(x_i) + \sigma\,\epsilon_i
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon_i \sim N(0,1)$,
$x_i \in (0,1)$,
and $f$ is assumed to lie in some infinite-dimensional class of ... |
1,477,468,751,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the main challenges in the development of quantum technologies is how to overcome decoherence \cite{steane1998quantum,dowling2003quantum,ladd2010quantum}. Quantum systems tend to couple very easily to their external environment, losing their quantum nature, reducing to a classical state \... |
1,477,468,751,073 | arxiv | \section{Semi analytic and sub analytic sets}\label{SecSub}
We review the definitions of semi analytic and sub analytic sets from Chapter 6 \cite{H} (also see Chapter 1 \cite{BM3} or \cite{BM2}).
Let $X$ be a set and $\Delta$ be a family of subsets of $X$. The elementary closure $\tilde\Delta$ of $\Delta$ is the smal... |
1,477,468,751,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect, first proposed in 1959 \cite{ab}, was experimentally realized in a normal metal system in 1982
\cite{sharvin}.
Later the AB effect was observed in a semiconductor
system \cite{timp1}, and was the subject of a number of investigations
which expanded our general und... |
1,477,468,751,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of graphs. The \textit{Tur\'an number} of $\mathcal{F}$, denoted by $ex(n, \mathcal{F})$, is the maximum number of edges in a graph with $n$ vertices which does not contain any subgraph isomorphic to a graph in $\mathcal{F}$.
When $\mathcal{F}=\{F\}$, we write... |
1,477,468,751,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introSec}
\input{sectionsPdf/intro.tex}
\input{sectionsPdf/related.tex}
\input{sectionsPdf/overview.tex}
\input{sectionsPdf/algorithm.tex}
\input{sectionsPdf/analysis.tex}
\section{Implementation and Evaluation}
\label{experimentsSec}
\input{sectionsPdf/experiments.tex}
\section{Conclusi... |
1,477,468,751,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a general feature of solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) that spikes occur~\cite{inbook:Wei2008}.
Spikes occur in generic solutions of the Einstein field equations (EFE) of general relativity (GR)~\cite{thesis:Lim2004}.
Indeed, when a self-similar solution of the EFE is un... |
1,477,468,751,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interpretation of quark confinement as the effect of a classical \textit{event horizon} for color degrees of freedom \cite{Casto,Salam}, naturally lead to view hadronization as the quantum tunnelling through such horizon \cite{K1,K2}. From this point of view, hadron formation is the result ... |
1,477,468,751,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The next-generation (i.e, 6G) communication is expected to be a sustainable green, cost-effective and secure communication system \cite{saad2019vision}. In particular, secure communication is crucially important in 6G communication networks since communication environment becomes increasingly com... |
1,477,468,751,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) has become a widely used approach
for simulation from an arbitrary distribution of interest, typically
a Bayesian posterior distribution, known as the target distribution.
MCMC really represents a family of sampling methods. Generally speaking,
any new sampler tha... |
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