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1,314,259,995,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of subgraph appearances in random graph models is a well established line of research, beginning with the classic \emph{Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi} graph and results concerning the distribution of such appearances and threshold phenomena, as in~\cite{karonski1983number},\cite{rucinski1988small}... |
1,314,259,995,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the LHC era, we hope to either verify the standard model or discover the theory that describes the physics of the weak scale. One of the open issues in the standard model (SM) is the origin of the accidental
global symmetries, $U(1)_{B}$ and $U(1)_{L}$, where $B$ stands for baryon number an... |
1,314,259,995,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Mixture models are common tools
in statistical pattern recognition \citep{mclachlan1988mixture}.
They offer a mathematical basis to explain data in fields as diverse as
astronomy, biology, ecology, engineering, and economics, amongst many others
\citep{mclachlan2000finite}... |
1,314,259,995,066 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The merger of two galaxies results in the formation of a newly
assembled galaxy containing a supermassive black hole binary in its
nucleus \citep{Begelman80}. Models of hierarchical galaxy formation
predict that the most common supermassive black hole binaries arise
from minor galactic mergers, a... |
1,314,259,995,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace{4mm} The $n$-person noncooperative game plays a fundamental yet important role in the development of game theory \cite{bo-95,or-94}. Nash \cite{nash-50,nash-51} proposed a very important concept of equilibrium, called Nash equilibrium, for $n$-person noncooperative games, which is a st... |
1,314,259,995,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer provides a superb illustration of
the mysterious ways in which interference works. Despite its apparent
simplicity, it plays a central role as high-resolution spectrometer,
laser resonator, or spectral filter, to cite only but a few of its
many relevant uses. ... |
1,314,259,995,069 | arxiv | \section*{Table of Contents}
{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~}
\smallskip
{\hskip 40pt 1. Introduction \dotfill 3}
{\hskip 60pt 1.1 Binary Star Coalescence \dotfill 3}
{\hskip 60pt 1.2 Laser Interferometers \dotfill 5}
{\hskip 60pt 1.3 General Relativity \dotfill 5}
\medskip
{\hskip 40pt 2. Astrophysical Motivation and Applicat... |
1,314,259,995,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{lemma}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\setcounter{corollary}{0}
\setcounter{remark}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{conjecture}{0}
For a positive integer $r$, define the $n$-th harmonic number of order $r$
$$
H_n^{(r)}:=\sum_{k=1}^n\frac{1}{k^{r}}.
$$
In particular, set $H_0^{(r)}... |
1,314,259,995,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Granular gases are usually modeled as a gas of hard spheres whose collisions are inelastic (inelastic hard spheres, IHS). In the simplest model, the spheres are completely smooth and the inelasticity of collisions is characterized by a (positive) constant coefficient of norma... |
1,314,259,995,072 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Electricity consumption has become a topic of immense importance. The growing interest in developed and developing countries has largely been triggered by the growing demand for energy across the world fueled mainly by increasing economic activities, particularly in emerging co... |
1,314,259,995,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A paradigmatic problem in the Calculus of Variations is that of finding the quasiconvexification $Q\phi(\mathbf F)$ of a certain integrand
$$
\phi(\mathbf F):\mathbb{M}^{m\times N}\to\mathbb{R}.
$$
The relevance of such a process is very well-established because the vector variational problem co... |
1,314,259,995,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the 1960s, Joseph Weizenbaum at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory wrote the first Natural Language Processing (NLP) chatbot, ELIZA \citep{eliza}, which demonstrated the superficiality of communication between humans and machines by using pattern matching and substitution methodologies... |
1,314,259,995,075 | arxiv | \section*{Results}
\subsection*{A quadratic steering inequality for qubits}
To demonstrate steering, Alice and Bob need to be able to freely choose and perform different measurements; we consider the case where each of them can perform $N = 2$ or 3 measurements, labeled $i,j = 1,2$ or $3$, with \textit{a priori} binar... |
1,314,259,995,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{IN}
As introduced by Tabachnikov in \cite{ST}, a tripod configuration for a $C^2$ convex closed curve $\gamma$ consists of three perpendicular lines dropped from three points on $\gamma$ meeting at a single point and together making angles of $2\pi/3$. Tabachnikov proved that all $C^2$ clo... |
1,314,259,995,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Active particles, e.g.\ micromotors and motile micro-organisms, can harvest energy from the environment for self-propulsion, known as active Brownian motion {\citep{schweitzer_brownian_2003,romanczuk_active_2012}},
which is fundamentally different from pure translational Brownian motion of pa... |
1,314,259,995,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several results have been published in the last few years, reporting observations with the SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) \citep{griffin10} on board the Herschel Space Observatory\footnote{Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principa... |
1,314,259,995,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The extremely low surface brightness galaxy NGC~1052--DF2{} was discovered by \cite{2000A&AS..145..415K}, who labeled it a dwarf galaxy candidate. \cite{no_dm_galaxy} measured the total mass of the galaxy by measuring the radial velocities of ten luminous globular clusters. Using the inferred ... |
1,314,259,995,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a compact metric space $(X,d)$ and a continuous transformation $f\colon X \to X$. Let $W\subset X$ be $f$-invariant, that is, $f(W) = W$. Given $A\subset W$, the \emph{$A$-exceptional set} in $W$ (with respect to $f|_W$) is defined to be the set
\[
E^+_{f|W}(A) := \{x\in W\colon \ove... |
1,314,259,995,081 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\ In the family of ferroelectric materials, solid solutions based on barium titanate (BaTiO$_3$ or BTO) combine superior functional responses to applied electric fields, making them suitable for applications such as efficient solid-state cooling devices, piezoelectric energy harvesting, energy ... |
1,314,259,995,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Early on, Neural Networks (NNs) have proven to excel at interpolating between training data points but to fail when extrapolating to regions not covered by the training data~\cite{158898,227294}. The lack of sufficiently large datasets, therefore, limited the application o... |
1,314,259,995,083 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Charge distribution of pions in multiple production processes
drew much attention recently. The growth of interest in this
subject is due to expectations to detect the disoriented chiral
condensate (DCC) formation in high energy collisions \cite{1}-\cite{6}.
The simplest picture of the process i... |
1,314,259,995,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Extensive games are used in formalization of economics and in decision
processes. Rational decision is logic, but it is not exaggerated to claim that
rational decision is essentially a computational process and therefore it should be
based on computational logic, like the calcu... |
1,314,259,995,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In our preprevious papers$^{[1-4]}$, it has been shown that some massive
gauge field theory in which the masses of all gauge fields are the same may
really be set up on the gauge-invariance principle without the help of the
Higgs mechanism. The essential points of achieving this conclusion are t... |
1,314,259,995,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Submillimeter and millimeter wavelength observations of protoplanetary disks provide views into the disk structure, composition, evolution, and dust grain properties within the nascent environments of planet formation \citep[see, e.g.,][]{andrewswilliams05, andrews07b, birnstiel... |
1,314,259,995,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Receptors dynamic along cell membrane is a key factor in several biological phenomena, as for angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, endocytosis and exocytosis.
Angiogenesis is a multistep process in which endothelial cells are affected by several extracellular stimuli, including g... |
1,314,259,995,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is poised to revolutionize how autonomous systems are built. In recent years, it has been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of complicated tasks \cite{mnih2015human,lillicrap2015continuous,schulman2015trust,van2016deep,schulman2017pro... |
1,314,259,995,089 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field and $X$ be a smooth proper variety over $k$ together with an endomorphism $\xymatrix{X \ar[r]^-{f} & X}$ such that its graph $\xymatrix{X \ar[r]^-{\Gamma_f} & X \times X}$ intersects the diagonal $\xymatrix{X \ar[r]^-{\Delta} & X \times X}$ transversally... |
1,314,259,995,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} cellular industry has witnessed a tremendous growth over the last decade in terms of the number of subscribers and the volume of carried traffic. In order to meet the ever growing capacity requirements, operators worldwide are increasing the base station deployment density. A... |
1,314,259,995,091 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgment}
This work was supported by Bpifrance agency (funding) through the LiChIE contract. Computations were performed on the Inria Rennes computing grid facilities partly funded by France-BioImaging infrastructure (French National Research Agency - ANR-10-INBS-04-07, “Investments for the future”).... |
1,314,259,995,092 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction:}
The emergence of novel resistive memories such as resistive RAM (RRAM)\cite{t1}, phase change memory (PCM) \cite{t2}, and spin transfer torque RAM (STTRAM)\cite{t3}, aiming at replacing or complementing flash memories and other silicon-based memories including dynamic random-a... |
1,314,259,995,093 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment}
Work supported in part by POCTI/CTM/59318/2004, IST-2001-37334 NEXT
MRAM and POCTI/CTM/36489/2000 projects. J. Ventura, and R. Ferreira
are thankful for FCT grants (SFRH/BPD/21634/2005 and
SFRH/BD/6501/2001).
|
1,314,259,995,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The large-scale distribution of galaxies carries rich
information on the structure and the
evolution of the Universe and on how galaxies are formed from early through to the present day.
Line intensity mapping (LIM) is aimed at measuring large-scale intensity fluctuations of line
emissions fro... |
1,314,259,995,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spectroscopic studies of the central star(s?) and complex ejecta
of $\eta$ Car have been severely limited by the low spatial
resolution of ground-based observations. Recent
studies using the {\it Hubble Space Telescope} (HST) have thus
led to an explosion of information. For example, we now ... |
1,314,259,995,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
This work was motivated by a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment-related adverse events of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy \citep{wang2019treatment}. The PD-1 pathway is negatively up-regulated in many tumors ... |
1,314,259,995,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $B$-factories BaBar and Belle ran for over ten years, and made an
enormous number of measurements of observables in $B$ decays. For the
most part, these decays were of the form $B \to M_1 M_2$ ($M_i$ is a
meson), as these are most accessible experimentally. Nevertheless,
there have still bee... |
1,314,259,995,098 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Accurate localization is becoming an increasingly indispensable tool for supporting a variety of indoor and outdoor applications such as wildlife monitoring, location-based advertising \cite{Steiniger_et_al_2006}, search-and-rescue operations \cite{Lo_Xia_etal_2008}, self-... |
1,314,259,995,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the advent of topological insulators, the observation of many fascinating phenomena became possible\cite{hasankane,zhangrmp}, including
the magnetoelectric effect, axion electrodynamics, Majorana fermions.
In their bulk, these materials resemble to a normal insulator, but their surface... |
1,314,259,995,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Deep neural network (DNN) and deep learning techniques show promising performance in vast variety of tasks. In quantum information, DNN is utilized to decode stabilizer code \cite{krastanov2017deep} through encoding the probability distribution of errors. The authors in ... |
1,314,259,995,101 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
In presence of a high intensity field, called the control field, an opaque medium can be rendered transparent for a low intensity probe field, within a narrow spectral range around the absorption line of the probe field. This phenomenon, first proposed by Harris \textit{et al.}... |
1,314,259,995,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
This paper is motivated by the work of Etingof
and Varchenko \cite{e-v:cdyb} on
{\it classical dynamical $r$-matrices} for the
pair $(\mbox{${\frak g}$}, \mbox{${\frak h}$})$, where $\mbox{${\frak g}$}$ is a complex simple Lie algebra
and $\mbox{${\frak h}$} \subset \mbox{${\... |
1,314,259,995,103 | arxiv | \section*{}
\maketitle
\vspace{1mm} {\em Introduction} \vspace{1mm}
Presenting entropy formulas has a long tradition in
statistical physics and informatics.
The first, classical 'logarithmic' formula, designed
by Ludwig Boltzmann at the end of nineteenth century,
is the best known example, but -- often j... |
1,314,259,995,104 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper \cite{oph} magnetic force microscopy (MFM) was
employed to image and manipulate individual vortices in a single
crystal YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.991}$, directly measuring the
interaction of a moving vortex with the local disorder potential.
Several unexpected results were obtained in... |
1,314,259,995,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:intro}
The sensitivity of the Higgs potential to very large energy scales makes it unstable to quantum corrections. Stabilization of the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) is
one of the most profound problems in particle physics. One can eliminate this sensitivity to UV scal... |
1,314,259,995,106 | arxiv | \section{First encounter with Rudolf Haag}
On his return from the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen to the University
of Munich Rudolf Haag passed through Hamburg to meet his colleague Harry
Lehmann, at that time the newly appointed successor of Wilhelm Lenz who held
the chair of theoretical physics since the 19... |
1,314,259,995,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of quantum fields in de Sitter space is a topic of timely interest. Although the issue of computing radiative corrections in curved spaces in general and in de Sitter space in particular is a rather old topic (see e.g. \cite{Birrell:1982ix}), it has seen a renewed in... |
1,314,259,995,108 | arxiv | \section{\sc{Introduction}}
Kazhdan's property $(T)$ of a topological group $G$ is an important rigidity property, defined in terms of the unitary representations of $G$ on Hilbert spaces. We recall the precise definition :
\begin{df}
\rm{}A pair $(G,H)$ of topological groups, where $H$ is a closed subgroup of $G$, is... |
1,314,259,995,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A universe with a bounce process~ (see for example~\cite{Battefeld:2014uga, Brandenberger:2016vhg} for two most updated reviews)
is a possible solution of the cosmic singularity
problem~\cite{Borde:1993xh, Borde:1996pt} in the standard cosmology within
the inflation paradigm~\cite{Guth:2013sya, ... |
1,314,259,995,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Since the discovery of the charge density wave (CDW) instability in several families of one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) conductors such as the Krogmann salts~\cite{Comes1973}, organic charge transfer salts~\cite{Jerome1982} and transition metal dichalcogenides~\cite{Wilson197... |
1,314,259,995,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the context of wireless communications, a \acf{RIS} usually acts as an ``anomalous mirror'' or a ``focusing lens'' that can be configured to reflect or refract impinging radio waves towards arbitrary angles by applying appropriate phase shifts to the incident signals \cite{renzo2020Smart,renz... |
1,314,259,995,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
A group divisible design ( or GDD) is a triple $(X,\mathcal{G},\mathcal{B})$ which satisfies the following properties:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
$\mathcal{G}$ is a partition of a set $X$ into subsets called groups;
\item
$\mathcal{B}$ is a set of subsets of $X$ called blocks such ... |
1,314,259,995,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The lattice sphere packing and covering problems can be stated in similar ways: in both
problems we look for an optimal arrangement of equal-sized spheres centered
at points of a lattice; whereas in the packing problem
we must have no overlap between spheres and we must minimize the amount of un... |
1,314,259,995,114 | arxiv | \section{Discussion}
In our study we have provided the first experimental observation of a second order meron and antimeron in an electromagnetic field. The meron and antimeron polarisation textures result from the anisotropic refractive index of our optical liquid-crystal filled cavity. The artificial photonic gauge f... |
1,314,259,995,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
The idea that time may emerge from quantum entanglement was first proposed in 1983 by Don Page and William Wootters \cite{pagewootters,wootters,pagearrow} to solve the, so called, “problem of time”. This arises in the context of canonical quantization of gravity where, accor... |
1,314,259,995,116 | arxiv | \subsection{Preliminaries}
\label{st:prelim}
We use the standard convention that capital letters refer to random
variables (RVs) and corresponding lowercase letters refer to values
that the RVs can take. All our RVs take values in finite sets such as
the set of bit strings of a given length or a finite subset of the
r... |
1,314,259,995,117 | arxiv | \subsection{Summary of the results}
Here we provide more specific details on the results that we obtain in this paper.
In \underline{Section \ref{Inertia}}, we study the inertia stack of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{2,n}$. In Section \ref{inertia} we deal with the inertia stack of $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ and its compactifica... |
1,314,259,995,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
G-0.02-0.07 is a group of 4 HII regions (three compact and one ultracompact) in the Galactic center (hereafter GC) which lie $\sim6$ parsecs in projection from the central supermassive black hole. Individually, the regions are also identified as Sgr A-A through Sgr A-D, as they were first iden... |
1,314,259,995,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A long-standing challenge in computer science is the development of algorithms that can interact with humans in natural language \citep{turing1950machinery}. Ultimately, the goal of dialog research is to create systems that can engage in back-and-forth interactions with real users \citep{eskenaz... |
1,314,259,995,120 | arxiv | \subsection{0pt}{12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection\Roman{subsection}}
\begin{document}
\title{Bell's Theorem Begs the Question}
\author{Joy Christian}
\email{jjc@bu.edu}
\affiliation{Einstein Centre for Local-Realistic Physics, Oxford OX2 6LB, United Kin... |
1,314,259,995,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At hadron colliders the determination of the masses of new particles
associated with missing momentum signals is very challenging due to the fact
that the kinematics of the event cannot be completely reconstructed. Hadron
colliders collide partons within each hadron, and each parton involved in ... |
1,314,259,995,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Large blank-field surveys made at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths have
identified a large population of bright, high-redshift galaxies
\citep[e.g.][and references
therein]{hughes98,coppin06,bertoldi07,perera08,weiss09,scott10}.
These sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) are characterized by high
infrar... |
1,314,259,995,123 | arxiv | \subsection{\texorpdfstring{$\ell$}{l}-adic realization of \texorpdfstring{$\singc{\Vu(p),s}$}{Singcoh}}
Let $(X,p^+)$ be an LG model over $(Y,\Ec_Y^+)$.
Assume that both $X$ and $p^+$ are regular. One immediate consequence of the identification
\begin{equation*}
\singc{\Vu(p),s}\simeq \sing{\Vc,W_{p^+|\Vc}}\simeq... |
1,314,259,995,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper describes an approach to analysing meromorphic connections on Riemann surfaces.
The technique, called \textit{abelianisation}, is to introduce a decorated graph $\Gamma$ on a Riemann surface $X$ in order to establish a correspondence between meromorphic connections on vector bundles o... |
1,314,259,995,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Topological data analysis aims to characterize the shape of high-dimensional data.
However, given human inability to perceive more than three dimensions, gaining an intuitive geometric comprehension of high-dimensional datasets is a challenging task.
Persistent homology extract... |
1,314,259,995,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\begin{table*}[ht]
\centering
\caption{Order issue in natural language generation, in which an incorrect generated sentence has \textcolor{red}{\underline{wrong ordered slots}}.}
\label{tab:issues}
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabularx}{1.2\textwidth}{lX}
\textbf{Inp... |
1,314,259,995,127 | arxiv | \section{Keywords}
exchange bias; mu-metal; Ni-Fe-Cu-Mo; soft ferromagnets
\section{Introduction}
Exchange bias is a phenomenon related to the interfacial exchange interaction between two ordered magnetic materials \cite{EBreviewIvan, josep-nanoeb-review}. Observed primarily in structures composed of ferromagnet/ant... |
1,314,259,995,128 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of high Galactic latitude cool (F, G, K) and hot (O,B) post
Asymptotic Giant Branch (post-AGB) supergiants - e.g., HD 161796 (Parthasarathy
\& Pottasch 1986) and LSII +34$^{\circ}$26 (Parthasarathy 1993) - indicated that
K, G, F, A, O, B post$-$AGB supergiants form an evolutio... |
1,314,259,995,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Quantizing gravity has become a longstanding problem, posing continuous challenges over the last 100 years, i.e. since the birth of General Relativity (GR). Many similarities exist between GR and other gauge theories that can be recovered casting the Einstein-Hilbert action in terms of... |
1,314,259,995,130 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The impurity problem has been in the research community spotlight since the dawn of solid state physics. Aside from its fundamental interest, studying the system's response to an impurity, and more generally, to any kind of defect, constitutes a powerful tool to prob... |
1,314,259,995,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{1}
A paradoxical result in \cite{zhang} according to which DNN memorize the training samples by brute force leaves unexplained where the generalization capabilities of DNN come from. This “apparent” paradox, as it has been dubbed in \cite{26}, has led to active discussions by many scholars... |
1,314,259,995,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are two problems when considering an inelastic scattering processes: the first problem is the calculation of a multidimensional integral (\ref{crosssection}); and the second problem is the large number of such integrals.
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma_n=\frac{\left(2\pi\right)^4}{4n!I}\int\fr... |
1,314,259,995,133 | arxiv | \section{#1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\hfill\vrule height8pt width8pt depth 0pt}{\hfill\vrule height8pt width8pt depth 0pt}
\newcommand{\secref}[1]{Section~\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\appref}[1]{Appendix~\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\eqnref}[1]{(\ref{#1})}
\newcommand{\figref}[1]{Figure~\ref{#1}}
\newcommand{\thmref}... |
1,314,259,995,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In 1994 Brian Hall [11] studied the Segal-Bargmann transform on a compact
Lie
group $ G.$ For $ f \in L^2(G) $ let $ f*h_t $ be the convolution of $ f $
with the heat kernel $ h_t $ associated to the Laplacian on $ G.$ The
Segal-Bargmann transform, also known as the he... |
1,314,259,995,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, the globalization of modern integrated circuit (IC) industry has raised more and more hardware security challenges. For example, intellectual property (IP) cores and EDA tools provided by the third-party are widely used in IC design to reduce development cost and to shorten the marketin... |
1,314,259,995,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Should I put the toaster in the oven? Or does the cake go in the oven? Questions like these are trivial for humans to answer, but machines have a much more difficult time determining right from wrong. Researchers have chased mimicking human intelligence through linguistic commonsense as early as... |
1,314,259,995,137 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Following the recent rapid development of quantum computing technologies, many researchers are now investigating applications of quantum algorithms to practical problems in industries.
The quantum algorithms for Monte Carlo integration (MCI), which we hereafter abbreviate as QMC... |
1,314,259,995,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Collisions of heavy nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
have created matter with energy densities exceeding the
predicted threshold for deconfinement of color charge into a hot
dense plasma~\cite{ppg048}. In this quark gluon plasma(QGP), quarks
and gluons are not bound within hadron... |
1,314,259,995,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Motion forecasting in autonomous vehicles is a challenging research problem to solve for the autonomous driving industry. Motion forecasting involves predicting the future trajectories of the agents in a scene given their history trajectories and the scene context, usually in the form of a lane ... |
1,314,259,995,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Humans make use of both verbal and nonverbal communication to achieve efficient, expressive, and robust face-to-face interaction.
Both are fundamentally intertwined, born out of a common representation of the message to be communicated, colored by the situation at hand.
Interactions with social ... |
1,314,259,995,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
Let $(A, +)$ and $(B,+)$ be two abelian groups of orders $n$ and $\ell$, respectively. For a function $f$ from $A$ onto $B$, define
$$
N_b(a) := \big| \{x \in A: f(x+a) - f(x) = b \} \big|.
$$
If $N_b(a) = \frac{n}{\ell}$ for all $b \in B$ and all nonzero $a \in A$, the fu... |
1,314,259,995,142 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}\label{preliminaries}
By an action of the group $G$ on a set $X$ we mean a map $\beta\colon G\times X\to X$ that satisfies the usual conditions
\begin{enumerate}[label=(D\arabic*)]
\item for every $x\in X$ we have $\beta(e,x)=\id$, where $e$ is the neutral element of $G$
\item for every $s,t\in... |
1,314,259,995,143 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galaxies with central surface brightness much fainter than the value of $\mu_0(B) = 21.65 \pm 0.3$
mag arcsec$^{-2}$ are well known as low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs). Although they are faint
compared to the night sky and hard to find, they represent a significant fraction of the number ... |
1,314,259,995,144 | arxiv | \chapter*{Objectives}\label{objectives}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Objectives}
The objective of this MSc thesis is to tackle innovative technologies
from a unifying perspective, prioritising simplicity and understanding
over obscure constructions, and benefitting further popularisation of
the cryptographic proofs... |
1,314,259,995,145 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
A possibility to accelerate high-intensive polarized proton beam up to
70~GeV at the IHEP U70 accelerator, extract it from the main ring and
deliver to several experimental setups was intensively studied last
time in 2005 and Spring of 2006 in Protvino~\cite{spin05}-\cite{praga06}.
We propos... |
1,314,259,995,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Vision Language (VL) understanding is challenging because it requires VL models to identify and integrate information from both modalities to fully understand visual scenes. Numerous VL benchmarks have been created such as CLEVER \cite{johnson2017clevr}, GQA \cite{hudson2019gqa}, VQA \cite{li2... |
1,314,259,995,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Throughout this paper we consider graphs with no loops or parallel edges.
A \emph{topological graph} is a graph drawn in the plane with its vertices
as distinct points and its edges as Jordan arcs that connect the corresponding points
and do not contain any other vertex a... |
1,314,259,995,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
New spectral bands are required to support Terabit-per-second (Tbps) data rates for future wireless applications to deal with the exponential growth of wireless data traffic~\cite{chong2017thz,chen2019channel}. Currently, wireless local area networks (WLAN) techniques, i.e., 802.11ad protocol an... |
1,314,259,995,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $P$ and $Q$ be non-zero integers with $P^{2}+4Q\neq 0.$ Generalized
Fibonacci sequence $\left( U_{n}(P,Q)\right) $ and Lucas sequence $\left(
V_{n}(P,Q)\right) $ are defined by the following recurrence relations
\begin{equation*}
U_{0}(P,Q)=0,\RIfM@\expandafter\text@\else\expandafter\mb... |
1,314,259,995,150 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{m}age classification lies at the core of many computer vision related tasks: extracting relevant information from telescope images in astronomy, navigation in robotics, cancer classification in medical image, security, to cite a few examples. It is currently almost an ontolo... |
1,314,259,995,151 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
A dynamical billiard system consists of a particle represented as a geometric
point moving freely within a bounded region in the plane, its collisions with
the boundary of the region are elastic and obey the reflection law.
G.D. Birkhoff \cite{birkhoff1927periodic} introduced dynamical billi... |
1,314,259,995,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_\mu$ is one of the most
precisely measured quantities in particle physics. It is defined as
the deviation of the $g$-factor, which determines the strength of the
muon's magnetic moment, from the value $g=2$ predicted by the Dirac
equ... |
1,314,259,995,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Much work has been done on spin related transport properties of nanoelectronic devices resulting in interesting applications, for example the so called spin field effect transistor proposed by Datta and Das \cite{Dat:Das}. There has been particular interest in using the Rashba effect to manipulat... |
1,314,259,995,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Multi-speaker tracking using microphones is an important task in smart environments such as automatic camera steering in video conferencing.
Numerous acoustic multi-speaker tracking algorithms can be found in the literature \cite{ward2003particle, vo2004tracking, ma2006tracki... |
1,314,259,995,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
The binary stars play an important role in the study of stellar evolution. At formation time, stars are always in clusters. In their main sequence time, stars are fractionally in binary systems, depending on their spectral types. \cite{Ragh2010} considered the fraction is larg... |
1,314,259,995,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Overview}
In financial markets two basic entities are the expected relative price change and
volatility. The latter is defined as the standard deviation of relative price change
in a specified time period. The expected relative price change is, of course,
at the heart of fina... |
1,314,259,995,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The recent developments in the experiments of dilute atom gases,
namely the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic
vapors of $^{87}$Rb and $^{23}$Na~\cite{CW-02,Ketterle-02} and the
great progress in the experimental manipulation of cold atoms in
optical lattice... |
1,314,259,995,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
During the last three decades, the study of factorizations based on Diagram~\eqref{diag:AAZ's atomic chain} has earned significant attention among researchers in commutative algebra and semigroup theory. This diagram of classes of integral domains satisfying conditions weaker t... |
1,314,259,995,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\PARstart Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are of great
interest because they can provide a significantly higher
capacity as compared to their single-input single-output (SISO)
counterparts by exploiting the spatial dimension. One way of measuring
this benefit is via the spatial mult... |
1,314,259,995,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the emergence of many medical imaging devices and technologies in the operating rooms (MRI, ultrasound imaging, surgical microscope, etc .), the automated analysis of data recorded during video monitored surgeries has developed during the last decade. \changed{Methods} emerged in this resea... |
1,314,259,995,161 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $K$ be a finite extension of ${\Q_p}$. We fix an algebraic closure $\overline{K}$ of $K$ and we let ${\cal G}_K = {\mathrm{Gal}}(\overline{K}/K)$. In order to study $p$-adic Galois representations, Fontaine has constructed in \cite{Fon90} an equivalence of categories $V \mapsto D(V)$ betwee... |
1,314,259,995,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most peculiar properties a physical system can exhibit is quantum-mechanical entanglement \cite{ES}. From a fundamental perspective, entanglement is a non-classical effect which is indispensable for the understanding of fundamental quantum physics. From a technological perspective, en... |
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