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1,314,259,995,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(X,\omega)$ be a compact symplectic manifold, and let $\mu: X \to {\liek}^*$ be a moment map for a Hamiltonian action of a compact Lie group $K$ on $(X, \omega)$. Then the symplectic quotient (or Marsden--Weinstein reduction of $X$ at 0 \cite{MW}) is given by $X \senv K = \mu^{-1}(0)/K$ wi...
1,314,259,995,264
arxiv
\subsection{Discussions}\label{adaptive} \subsubsection{Why does DMP work better?}\label{why} As discussed in~\cite{long2018understanding}, membership inference attacks exploit the \emph{unique influence} of a member record on the target model. To prevent this, DMP trains an unprotected model, $\theta_\mathsf{up}$,...
1,314,259,995,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Adaptive modulation has been successfully deployed in wireless communication systems providing link adaptation \cite{c1}. Using adaptive modulation, the transmission rate is adapted based on the channel conditions, which are estimated at the receiver's side and made available at the transmitter t...
1,314,259,995,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of distance-$j$ ovoids in generalized polygons was started by Thas, who investigated the existence of distance-$2$ ovoids in generalized quadrangles and distance-$3$ ovoids in generalized hexagons (which are simply known as ovoids) \cite{Thas1981}. The existence of distance-$j$ ovoids ...
1,314,259,995,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been a long-standing goal to determine scattering amplitudes in quantum field theory from knowledge of their analytic structure coupled with other basic physical and mathematical input. In planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang--Mills theory (which we refer to as SYM theory), the current state...
1,314,259,995,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have witnessed enormous progress in unravelling hidden structures and especially relations for scattering amplitudes in QFT (c.f.~\cite{Elvang:2013cua}). For example, scattering amplitudes of gluons, gravitons, and Goldstone particles {\it etc.} are closely related to each other via ...
1,314,259,995,269
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $f : X \rightarrow S$ be a surjective morphism of finite type between connected locally Noetherian normal schemes, $\overline{\eta}$ a geometric generic point of $S$, and $\ast$ a geometric point of $X\times_{S}\overline{\eta}$. Suppose that the scheme $X\times_{S}\overline{\eta}$ is connecte...
1,314,259,995,270
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum-enhanced metrology is a feasible quantum protocol under current technology, which is comparable with quantum communication and quantum computation that require perfect security and large-scale architecture, respectively. It can outperform any classical strategies by using entangled or sq...
1,314,259,995,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Given a data matrix composed of a set of objects in its rows and their corresponding attributes in its columns, biclustering is a data mining technique characterized by the simultaneous clustering of both rows and columns of the data matrix, aiming at revealing highly consisten...
1,314,259,995,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our work is part of the active research stream which studies the close link between continuous dissipative dynamical systems and the optimization algorithms obtained by temporal discretization. In this context, second-order evolution equations provide a natural and intuitive way to speed up algo...
1,314,259,995,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} For any $r\geq 2$, an $r$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$, and integer $n$, the \emph{Tur\'{a}n number} for $\mathcal{H}$, denoted $\operatorname{ex}(\mathcal{H}, n)$, is the maximum number of hyperedges in any $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no copy of $\math...
1,314,259,995,274
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} With the advent of deep and wide multi-band photometric surveys there has been a resurgence of interest in photometric redshifts as a means of estimating the distance to a range of astrophysical objects. Depending on the objects of interest and the information to hand, t...
1,314,259,995,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} Continuous log-symmetric distributions are of particular interest for describing strictly positive and asymmetric data with the possibility of outlier observations; see, for example, \cite{j:08}, \cite{vp:16a,vanegasp:16b}, \cite{saulo2017log}, \cite{Balakrishnan2017}, \cite{francis...
1,314,259,995,276
arxiv
\section{The Formalization} \label{sec:formalization} Large chunks of the material presented above have been formalized in the proof assistant \textsf{Coq}. The version of \textsf{Coq} used is \textsf{Coq} 8.3pl5, patched according to the instructions given by Voevodsky \cite{vv_foundations}. Our formalization is ba...
1,314,259,995,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Aim of this work} The aim of this work is to prove Schauder estimates at the boundary for sub-Laplacian type operators in Carnot groups. As it is well known, Schauder estimates at the boundary in the Euclidean setting are based on two main ingredients. The first one, which i...
1,314,259,995,278
arxiv
\section{0pt}{4pt plus 0pt minus 0pt}{1.5pt plus 0pt minus 0pt} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{listings} \lstdefinelanguage{diff}{ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries\scriptsize, morecomment=[f][\color{diffstart}]{@}, morecomment=[f][\color{diffincl}]{+}, morecomment=[f][\color{diffrem}]{-}, keepspaces=tru...
1,314,259,995,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Despite long model building efforts, the origin and nature of dark matter remains one of the biggest puzzles in Physics and astronomy. In recent years, Cold Dark Matter (CDM) has been pointed out as the best class of models that is able to reproduce large scale struct...
1,314,259,995,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} After delivering a total integrated luminosity of more than 160~fb$^{-1}$ at the end of Run 2, at the beginning of 2019, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was shut down for two years (Long Shutdown 2, LS2) to upgrade the accelerator-chain and detectors upgraded for the High Lumino...
1,314,259,995,281
arxiv
\section[#1]{#2}} \def\pr {\noindent {\it Proof.} } \def\rmk {\noindent {\it Remark} } \def\n{\nabla} \def\bn{\overline\nabla} \def\ir#1{\mathbb R^{#1}} \def\hh#1{\Bbb H^{#1}} \def\ch#1{\Bbb {CH}^{#1}} \def\cc#1{\Bbb C^{#1}} \def\f#1#2{\frac{#1}{#2}} \def\qq#1{\Bbb Q^{#1}} \def\cp#1{\Bbb {CP}^{#1}} \def\q...
1,314,259,995,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The planets of the solar system and the exoplanets with intrinsic magnetic fields are emitters of cyclotron microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (MASER) emission at radio wavelengths \cite{Kaiser,Zarka5}. This radio emission is generated by energetic electrons (keV) travel...
1,314,259,995,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*} \centering \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=16cm]{fig0.eps} \caption{Overview of the S235A-B star forming complex before the observations presented in this paper. Left: overlay of the single-dish HCN map (contours) from Cesaroni et al. (1999) with the $K$...
1,314,259,995,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Depression and anxiety are two of the most common psychiatric disorders that, depending on their severity, can have a profound impact on an individual's well-being and the quality of life \citep{henning2007impairment, gurland1992impact, roshanaei2009longitudinal,lepine2002epidemiology, richards2...
1,314,259,995,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} $\ab$-metrics form a special class of Finsler metrics partly because they are ``computable''\cite{bacs-cxy-szm-curv}. The researches on $\ab$-metrics enrich Finsler geometry and the approaches offer references for further study. Randers metrics arising from physical applications\cite{ran...
1,314,259,995,286
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \begin{figure*}[!bht] \centering \scalebox{0.8}{ \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{systemoverview.pdf}} \caption{Graphic overview of the summarization pipeline.} \label{fig:systemoverview} \end{figure*} In recent years, the availability of video content online has been growing...
1,314,259,995,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The number one issue in Higgs physics is the solution of the hierarchy / fine-tuning problems that arise in the Standard Model and Higgs sector extensions thereof from quadratically divergent one-loop corrections to the Higgs mass. In fact, this ``quadratic divergence fine-tuning'' is only one ...
1,314,259,995,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Diophantine $m$-tuple is a set of $m$ positive integers with the property that the product of any two of its distinct elements is one less then a square. If a set of nonzero rationals has the same property, then it is called a rational Diophantine $m$-tuple. Diophantus of Alexandria fou...
1,314,259,995,289
arxiv
\section{Motivation} The pion form factor is often considered a good observable for studying the onset of the perturbative QCD (pQCD)regime in exclusive processes. There are several reasons: First, the asymptotic forms of the pion form factor at both large and small $Q^2$ are known. At large $Q^2$ it scales as \cite{Br...
1,314,259,995,290
arxiv
\@ifstar{\@ssection}{\@section}{\@ifstar{\@ssection}{\@section}} \def\@section#1 \if@nobreak \everypar{}% \ifnum\LastMac=\Hae \addvspace{\half}\fi \else \addpen{\gds@cbrk}% \addvspace{\two}% \fi \bgroup \ninepoint\bf \Raggedright \ifAutoNumber \global\advance\Sec \@ne \n...
1,314,259,995,291
arxiv
\subsection{Experimental Setup} \paragraph{Data} We evaluate the efficacy of our approach on standard, large-scale benchmarks and on low-resource scenarios, where the Transformer was shown to induce poorer syntax. Following~\newcite{D17-1209}, we use News Commentary v11 (NC11) with En-De and De-En tasks to simula...
1,314,259,995,292
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} This work has been supported by a Human Capital and Mobility grant of the European Union, contract no.\ ERBFMRX-CT96-0012. \section*{References}
1,314,259,995,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The color-kinematics duality is a conjectured property of the perturbative expansion of gauge theory amplitudes proposed by Bern, Carrasco, and Johansson (BCJ) \cite{Bern:2008qj}. It was born as a means of constructing gravity amplitudes via the {double-copy} procedure \...
1,314,259,995,294
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last decades, the efficiency estimation problem has been a key aspect \textcolor[rgb]{0,0,1}{of} evaluating safety performance for pedestrian evacuations. During the occurred emergency events (such as fire, earthquake, and terrorist attacks), since the pedestrians in the evacuation sp...
1,314,259,995,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The science goals of modern radio telescopes are diverse and require the highest quality data to be delivered to the end users. In order to achieve this, data are taken at the highest resolution in time and in frequency, so that radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation \citep{Wilensky2019} ...
1,314,259,995,296
arxiv
\section{introduction} \label{sec:intro} Although electronic-structure calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT)\cite{bib:76,bib:77} have been successful by and large for quantitative explanations and predictions of the properties of molecules and solids, they are known to have a tendency to fail in d...
1,314,259,995,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction and overview}\label{section 1 introduction} Scattering theory has been an important tool in the mathematical and theoretical study of black hole solutions to the Einstein equations, which in vacuum take the form \begin{align}\label{EVE} R_{ab}[g]=0 \end{align} (setting the cosmological constan...
1,314,259,995,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the formation of galaxies, the origin of the Hubble sequence remains a major unsolved problem. The main morphological parameter that sets the classification of galaxies in the Hubble diagram is the disk-to-bulge ratio ($D/B...
1,314,259,995,299
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) are pure ionic systems, solely composed of cations \modifiedRed{($+$)} and anions \modifiedRed{($-$)}. \MODIFIED{Moreover, at least one of the ion species is characterized by a highly anisotropic molecular shape~\cite{Binnemans2005}. This aniso...
1,314,259,995,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{PaperIIIsec:Introduction} The presence of extended X-ray emitting coronae associated with present-day massive disc galaxies is a generic prediction of cold dark matter (CDM) galaxy formation theory (e.g., \citealt{White91,Benson10}). The coronae serve as a reservoir of both diffuse, meta...
1,314,259,995,301
arxiv
\section{Approach for Empirical Study} Today, when users post their photos to social media sites, they often mark the photo with text description, short expressions, classify the photos / album with keyword tags, such as ``sydney opera house'' or ``trip to sydney''. We assume such tagging mechanism, together with the ...
1,314,259,995,302
arxiv
\section{Preface} One of the characteristic features of quantum mechanical system is the presence of zero-point-fluctuations. That is, even in the ground state, physical quantities are characterized apart from their average values with the fluctuations, which are usually estimated by the mean square deviations. It is ...
1,314,259,995,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} 2RXP J130159.6-635806, first discovered by the \textit{ROSAT} observatory, was later rediscovered in hard X-rays by the \textit{INTEGRAL}/IBIS telescope and designated with the name IGR\,J13020-6359 \citep{2006ApJ...636..765B,2006AstL...32..145R}. The first comprehensive analysis of the tempora...
1,314,259,995,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent advances in computer power are leading to demands for extending the frontier of control technologies to cover wider classes of systems. Stimulated by such a trend, this paper focuses on the class of discrete-time linear systems whose state transition is determined only randomly, also call...
1,314,259,995,305
arxiv
\section{\centerline{\sc References}} \addtolength{\textwidth}{2cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-1cm} \begin{document} \title [LOWER ORDER TERMS] {Lower order terms for the moments of symplectic and orthogonal families of $L$-functions} \author[Goulden]{Ian P. Goulden}\email{ipgoulden@uwaterloo.ca} \author[Huynh]{Du...
1,314,259,995,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sasaki manifolds have gained their prominence in physics and in algebraic geometry and Riemannian geometry \cite{BG}. There are tremendous work in the last two decades in Sasaki geometry, in particular on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds, see \cite{BG, GMSW, BGK, FOW, MSY, HeSun, CS} and reference ther...
1,314,259,995,307
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The thermal conductivity of Si is dominated by phonon transport and has a relatively high value of $\kappa_l=148~\mathrm{W/mK}$. Such high conductivity is beneficial for some applications such as heat management in electronic devices~\cite{Goodson95}, but unwanted for other applications such as ...
1,314,259,995,308
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par It is now the beginning of the decade in which we expect incredible progress in the field of particle dark matter detection. Through a variety of indirect searches, direct searches, and collider searches around the world there has already been a series of exciting developments in particle da...
1,314,259,995,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With increasingly expansion of sensor network and Internet of Things (IoT) deployment, allocation of radio spectrum is becoming more complex and dynamic, and poses further challenges in managing radio resources and enabling new applications \cite{b1}. To better capture spectrum usage pattern and...
1,314,259,995,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{mage} denoising is an ill-posed inverse problem to recover a \textsl{clean} image $\mathbf{x}$ from the \textsl{observed} noisy image $\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{x}+\mathbf{n}_{o}$, where $\mathbf{n}_{o}$ is the \textsl{observed} corrupted noise.\ One popular a...
1,314,259,995,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent astrophysical observations \cite{wmap} and neutrino oscillation experiments \cite{oscil} require an extension of the standard model (SM) so as to include dark matter as well as to incorporate a generation mechanism for small neutrino masses. At the moment, however, we know about dark ...
1,314,259,995,312
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The detection of high-redhifted ($z>2$) millimeter CO lines in the hyperluminous object IRAS 10214+4724 ($z=2.28$, Brown \& Vanden Bout 1992, Solomon et al. 1992a), has opened a new way of research to tackle the star formation history of the Universe. Although the object turned out to be high...
1,314,259,995,313
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $A_{\rm FB}$ of the top quark is one of the interesting observables related with top quark. Within the Standard Model (SM), this asymmetry vanishes at leading order in QCD because of $C$ symmetry. At next-to-leading order [$O(\alpha_s^3)$], a nonzero $A_{\rm FB}$ can develop from the ...
1,314,259,995,314
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@ {6ex \@plus 1ex \@minus 1ex {0.2ex \@plus.2ex {\normalfont\large\bfseries}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{1}{\z@ ...
1,314,259,995,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} If $X$ is a compact manifold with an action of a torus $S$ and the fixed point set $X^{S}$ of the action is finite, the Atiyah--Bott--Berline--Vergne formula expresses the push-forward in equivariant cohomology of an element $\alpha \in H^*_S(X)$ as a finite sum of local contributions: \[\int_...
1,314,259,995,316
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in stars. Across a wide range of stellar masses, these fields are thought to arise from dynamo action, with convection, rotation, and shear all likely players in the process of field generation (e.g., Moffatt 1978). Stars whose interiors are everywhere convective...
1,314,259,995,317
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{fig-tex/fig_teaser} In this work, we propose a video instance segmentation algorithm based on the Mask R-CNN pipeline~\cite{he2017Mask}. We focus on the problem of temporal instability in video instance segmentation (Figure~\ref{fig:teaser}). There are many reasons for temporal ins...
1,314,259,995,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Hilbert symbol of degree $p$, $(\cdot,\cdot )_p:K^\times} \newcommand\kkk[1]{K^{\times #1}/\kkk p\timesK^\times} \newcommand\kkk[1]{K^{\times #1}/\kkk p\to\Brr p(K)$, which is defined when $\car K\neq p$ and $\mu_p\sbq K$, has an analogue in characteristic $p$. If $\wp$ is the Artin-Schreier...
1,314,259,995,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are many intrinsic properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), such as large band gap, chemical inertness and atomic-level flatness \citep{Watanabe2004,Corso2004,Pakdel2014}, that make it very interesting subject of scientific research and a promising material for future application...
1,314,259,995,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Globular clusters may not be a robust example for $simple$ stellar populations any more. Perhaps there is no such thing as simple stellar populations from the beginning. The classic globular clusters, such as $\omega$~Cen, NGC\,2808, and NGC\,1851 are now suspected to be composed of heterogeneo...
1,314,259,995,321
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In order to accommodate the ever-growing demand for higher data-rates, the wireless spectrum has been continuously expanding over the past several decades. Millimeter wave (mm-wave) communication networks are already being used in the fifth generation (5G) wireless systems to allow for larger cha...
1,314,259,995,322
arxiv
\section*{Author Statement} \textbf{Conflict of interest}: The authors state no conflict of interest. \smallskip \\ \textbf{Informed consent}: This study contains patient data from a publicly available dataset. \smallskip \\ \textbf{Ethical approval}: This article does not contain any studies with human participants o...
1,314,259,995,323
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a set $A$, we define its \textit{sum set}, \textit{product set} and \textit{ratio set} as $$A+A:=\{a+b:a,b \in A\},\,\,\,\,\,\,\, AA:=\{ab:a,b \in A\},\,\,\,\,\,\,\, A/A:=\{a/b:a,b \in A, b \neq 0\}.$$ respectively. It was conjectured by Erd\H{o}s and Szemer\'{e}di that, for any finite set...
1,314,259,995,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A} huge number of surveillance cameras have been installed in public places (\textit{e.g.} offices, stations, airports, and streets) in recent year to closely monitor scenes and give early warnings of events such as accidents and crimes. However, dealing w...
1,314,259,995,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several mechanisms have been proposed for the acceleration of UHECR. At the most general level, they can be classified into two large groups: bottom-up and top-down mechanisms. Bottom-up mechanisms, although more conservative, imply the stretching of rather well known acceleration processes t...
1,314,259,995,326
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A century after Einstein's discovery namely general relativity, the domain of its applications has become as vast as it covers even condensed matter physics which seemed at the opposite end of physics building compared to gravity \cite{HDCMP}. This strange topic which connects gravity to al...
1,314,259,995,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Self-driving is a complex task, therefore the standard approach is to divide it into separate modules. A typical modular pipeline consists of several modules focusing on different aspects of the problem such as perception, prediction, planning, and control. In this work, we assume that the per...
1,314,259,995,328
arxiv
\section*{Model and Theory}\label{s2} We consider a system consisting of a two-leg ladder that each leg describes SSH chain in the presence of light illumination, as represented in Fig. \ref{fig1}. We will examine topological properties for two different cases; (i) asymmetric ladder case where the dimerization and the...
1,314,259,995,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this paper is to clarify an intricate argument recently introduced by Bony and H\"afner \cite{Bony-Haefner1} and use these ideas to generalize certain of the results of \cite{Bony-Haefner1}. The central thrust of \cite{Bony-Haefner1} is first of all to obtain certain kinds of comm...
1,314,259,995,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider some classes of semilinear systems of parabolic equations coupled in zero order terms. We are interested in controllability of such systems to stationary solutions by only one scalar control distributed in a subdomain and acting in only one of the equations. The stu...
1,314,259,995,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction and results} \label{sec:intro} Tightness is a notion developed in the field of differential geometry as the equality of the (normalized) \emph{total absolute curvature} of a submanifold with the lower bound \emph{sum of the Betti numbers} \cite{Kuiper84GeomTotAbsCurvTheo, Banchoff97TightSubmSmoo...
1,314,259,995,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ring artifacts occur in X-ray computed tomography (CT) due to an amalgamation of factors that cause small errors in detector pixel values to persist throughout CT acquisition, resulting in semi-circular and ring-shaped artifacts on back projection for 180$^\circ$ and 360$^\circ$ CTs, respectivel...
1,314,259,995,333
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Chang model, introduced in \cite{Chang1971Sets-constructi}, is the smallest model of ZF set theory which contains all countable sequences of ordinals. It may be constructed as $L({^{\omega}\Omega})$, that is, by imitating the recursive definition of the $L_{\alpha}$ hierarchy, setting ...
1,314,259,995,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The core objective of image-based virtual try-on is to synthesize a person image with a new clothing, given the image of the person wearing a different clothing item and the new clothing item as inputs. Virtual try-on can be broken down into three main sub-tasks, namely image warpin...
1,314,259,995,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Collective behavior is exhibited across many different scales in animal groups from microscopic bacteria or algae colonies \cite{Zhang2010Collective, Cates2012Diffusive,Marchetti2013Hydrodynamics} to macroscopic insects \cite{Buhl2006disorder,Kelley2013Emergent,Puckett2015Searching,Attanasi2014...
1,314,259,995,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Traversable wormholes, first conjectured by Morris and Thorne \cite{MT88}, are handles or tunnels in the spacetime topology connecting different regions of our Universe or of different universes altogether. Interest in traversable wormholes has increased in recent years due to an unexpect...
1,314,259,995,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[htbp] \centering \includegraphics[width=.6\textwidth]{detector_loc_v2.png} \caption{A bird's-eye view of J-PARC MLF and the JSNS$^2$\, detector location. The red rectangle in the figure indicates the place where the (anti-)neutrino detector is settled. \label{fig:MLF_n...
1,314,259,995,338
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec1} The imminent of quantum computing devices opens up new possibilities for utilizing quantum machine learning (QML)~\citep{biamonte2017quantum, schuld2015introduction, schuld2019quantum} to improve the efficiency of classical machine learning algorithms in many new scientific domains ...
1,314,259,995,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Current video coding standards (e.g.,H.264 and HEVC)\cite{H.264}\cite{HEVC} are able to provide good compression using a high-complexity encoders. At the encoder, motion estimation (using block-matching) has been applied between adjacent frames to exploit the temporal redundancy. Then each r...
1,314,259,995,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Plasmas with massive charged dust grains are of interest both for space (e.g., cometary tails, planetary rings, the interstellar medium, Earth's magnetosphere and upper atmosphere, Earth's D and lower E regions etc.) \cite{shukla2002,shukla2002} as well as laboratory plasmas \cite{geortz1989,merl...
1,314,259,995,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nuclear stellar disc (NSD) is a flat dense stellar structure that roughly outlines the Galactic centre with a radius of $\sim150$\,pc and a scale height of $\sim40$\,pc \citep[e.g.][]{Launhardt:2002nx,gallego-cano2019,Sormani:2020aa,Sormani:2022wv}. Its study is hampered by the extreme sourc...
1,314,259,995,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This manuscript draws inspiration from recent trends in fundamental physics and computer science. {\em A view from physics.} A striking feature of most quantum gravity approaches is that spacetime can be in a superposition of macroscopic (semi)classical geometries. This genuine quantum gravita...
1,314,259,995,343
arxiv
\section{Summary and concluding remarks} \label{conclusions} In the present paper we devised an analysis method to uniformly investigate a set of 12 OCs, located in the Sagittarius spiral arm. We took advantage of public Washington $CT_1$ photometric data combined with GAIA DR2 astrometry. The use of GAIA data proved...
1,314,259,995,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 2005, Berndtsson \cite{Bern06} found that the functional version of the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality, i.e. the Prekopa theorem \cite{Prekopa73}, can be seen as a special case of the subharmonicity property of the Bergman kernel (see \cite{Maitani84} and \cite{MY04} for early results w...
1,314,259,995,345
arxiv
\section{Reduction from Multiplicative to Additive Approximation} \label{app:mult_to_add} Here we show how to obtain a multiplicative approximation for SFM from our $\tilde{O}(n^{5/3}\cdot\time/\varepsilon^{2})$ additive-approximate SFM algorithm. Because the minimizer of $f$ is scale- and additive-invariant, it is n...
1,314,259,995,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fractional kinetics is finding increasingly wide application to physics, chemistry, biology and interdisciplinary complexity science\cite{KlagesBook,KlafterEA1996,Scalas2004,ZaslavskyBook,BalescuBook,Mura2008}. One reason for this is the link between ``strange" kinetics and observed non-Browni...
1,314,259,995,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In digital and especially wireless communications, the channels introduce distortions that can hamper accurate signal recovery at receivers. In particular, the single-input single-output (SISO) dispersive channels can incur inter-symbol interference (ISI). Besides ISI, the signals transmitted in ...
1,314,259,995,348
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} Federated Learning (FL), clients cooperatively train a Machine Learning (ML) model with their decentralized datasets under the coordination of a central server\cite{mcmahan2017communication}. One of the typical settings of FL is cross-silo FL\cite{kairouz2019advances} where a ...
1,314,259,995,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Policy evaluation and, in particular, temporal difference (TD) learning is a key ingredient in reinforcement learning. Here the expected value of future rewards is estimated from simulations of a given policy. When a stationary policy is fixed, the simulated process is a time-homogeneous Markov c...
1,314,259,995,350
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The order parameter symmetry of high-$T_c$ compounds is believed to be predominantly of $d$-wave type. However a subdominant $s$-wave component of the order parameter may also occur, especially in materials with orthorombic distortions. One of such compounds is YBCO, exhibiting strong structural...
1,314,259,995,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we present multiscale models of cancer tumor invasion, and the scientific-computing methodology for solving the model equations. The specific model treated here has components at the molecular level (incorporated via diffusion and taxis processes), the cellular level (incorporated...
1,314,259,995,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{} Lie algebra expansion \cite{Hatsuda:2001pp,deAzcarraga:2002xi,deAzcarraga:2007et,Bergshoeff:2019ctr} is a powerful tool to generate interesting gravitational theories starting from the first order formulation of the (cosmological) Einstein-Hilbert action. On the one han...
1,314,259,995,353
arxiv
\section{Socialist Science} \label{sec:SocialistScience} Drug company Q reads a scholarly article in a distinguished journal authored by academic A. Motivated in significant part by A's findings, Q starts a new research effort in this seemingly promising direction. One year and one million dollars later, Q realizes ...
1,314,259,995,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent Let $\mathbb{RP}^3$ be the three-dimensional real projective space, and $\mathcal{F}$ denote the non-empty set consisting of all embedded surfaces in $\mathbb{RP}^3$ that are diffeomorphic to the two-dimensional projective plane $\mathbb{RP}^2$. Given a Riemannian metric $g$ on $\mathbb{...
1,314,259,995,355
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} AdS/CFT correspondence\cite {Maldacena:1997re} is widely used to study the dynamics of strongly correlated systems. AdS/CFT correspondence dictates that the dynamics of boundary theory can be studied by considering the fields in the dual gravity theory in the bulk AdS spacetime...
1,314,259,995,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Polymer gels are widely used in food products such as yogurt, tofu, and jelly~\cite{Baziwane2003, Saha2010, Peng2015} and in biomaterials such as anti-adhesion agents, hemostatic agents, and soft contact lenses~\cite{Yeo2007, Gaharwar2014, Calo2015}. For these applications, it is important to c...
1,314,259,995,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our best understanding of how the particles and three of the forces such as strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions communicate to each other is encapsulated in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Over time and through many experiments, the SM has proven a well established physics...
1,314,259,995,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a class $\mathcal{C}$ of graphs and integers $\Delta$ and $k$, the \emph{degree/diameter problem} aims to find the maximum order $N(\Delta,k,\mathcal{C})$ of a graph in $\mathcal{C}$ with maximum degree $\Delta$ and diameter $k$. For background on this problem the reader is referred to the...
1,314,259,995,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nature and identity of dark matter (DM) remain fundamental open questions in contemporary astrophysics; enormous effort is currently being directed at finding the answer. Numerical simulations of the cosmological process of structure formation \citep[e.g.][]{Davies1985,Springel2005,Frenk2012...
1,314,259,995,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fractional Brownian motion (fBm) is a popular model in financial mathematics, economics and natural sciences. As is well known the fBm $B^H$ is the only continuous Gaussian process which is selfsimilar with stationary increments and depending on index $0<H<1$. Moreover, a fBm with Hurst i...
1,314,259,995,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathcal{A}$ denotes the class of analytic functions of the form $f(z)=z+\sum_{k=2}^{\infty}a_kz^k$ in the open unit disk ${\Delta}:=\{z: |z|<1\}$. Let $f(z)=w$ and $\Gamma_w$ be the image of $\Gamma_z$ (the circle $C_r: z=re^{i\theta}$) under the function $f$ in $\mathcal{A}$. The curve $\...
1,314,259,995,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} One of the key observing modes of the Near Infrared and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS, Doyon et al., in prep) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode (Albert et al., in prep). It enables time-series spectroscopy in th...