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1,314,259,995,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Second order elliptic and parabolic operators with unbounded coefficients have received a great deal of attention because
of their analytical interest as well as their applications to stochastic analysis, both in the autonomous and, more recently,
in the nonautonomous case. Due to the applicat... |
1,314,259,995,464 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mechanism of solar flares is a puzzle in solar physics that has remained unsolved for more than one century. They originate from the stored magnetic energy around
sunspots, emerge from the inner atmosphere, and the impulsive release of the energy produces flares \citep[e.g.,][]{pri02, sh... |
1,314,259,995,465 | arxiv |
\section{Related work}
\textbf{Adversarial patch attacks and defenses.} It is widely known that standard deep network models suffer when presented with occlusion~\cite{zhu2019robustness, compnet_wacv, korty2020compnets_cvpr}. When a fraction of the image is occluded, CNNs perform poorly, even when human subjects wer... |
1,314,259,995,466 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To solve dense generalized eigenvalue problems, the most popular algorithm is the QZ algorithm \cite{moler1973algorithm}. It consists of a direct reduction to Hessenberg-triangular form, an iterative reduction to generalized Schur form, and finally a direct step to calculate the eigenvectors. Th... |
1,314,259,995,467 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Liquid crystals, whose discovery is attributed to Reinitzer in 1888 \cite{Reinitzer1}, are substances that possess mesophases with properties intermediate between liquids and crystals. The mesophases exist at different temperatures or solvent concentrations. In recent years, research on the nove... |
1,314,259,995,468 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Differential graded algebras (DGAs for short) were introduced by
Cartan in \cite{cartan1954groupes} and occur naturally in a number
of different areas of geometry and topology. We are here interested
in those that appear in the context of Legendrian contact homology,
which is a powerful cont... |
1,314,259,995,469 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the interesting properties of several real-world complex networks --- such as scientific collaborations, brain networks, social and economical networks --- concerns their modular structure. Modularity is important from both topological and dynamical points of view~\cite{fortunato2010comm... |
1,314,259,995,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
What would be the fate of a small classical object as it falls through the horizon of a large black hole (BH)? Given that the BH is large enough, classical
relativity predicts that the object will only suffer a small tidal force.
As Hawking's quantum-mechanical model of BH evaporation makes... |
1,314,259,995,471 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Axions are some of the best-motivated extensions to the Standard Model (SM).
The simplest such extension, the QCD axion, was originally proposed to solve the strong CP
problem~\cite{Peccei:1977hh,Peccei:1977ur,Weinberg:1977ma,Wilczek:1977pj}, but it has
since been realized that... |
1,314,259,995,472 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\textbf{Background.} Next generation network slicing is a concept introduced to meet the requirements of different services provided in such networks. By applying this concept, it is possible to deploy multiple logical networks on a common infrastructure network to provide different services that... |
1,314,259,995,473 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The medium dependence of isospin-breaking effects belongs to one of the
fundamental questions in nuclear
physics \cite{Li:1997px,Baran:2004ih,Steiner:2004fi}.
In particular, the neutron-proton
mass difference
in nuclear matter
$\Delta m_{\rm np}^*$ ... |
1,314,259,995,474 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Ongoing improvements in detection limits and spectroscopic resolution in various wavelength regions have led to the discovery of many molecular and atomic emission lines in myriad astrophysical environments \citep{McGuire2018}, not the least of which are comets \citep{feldman2... |
1,314,259,995,475 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite the importance and prevalence of warm-core rings (WCRs) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), many of the details of the transport and small-scale coherent structures in these flows remain poorly understood. WCRs have a significant impact on oceanic transport and energy balances~\citep{Elliott:79... |
1,314,259,995,476 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Einstein's general relativity (GR), since its inception in 1916, has passed all experimental tests \cite{Weinberg:1972kfs}. To move towards the correct quantum theory of gravity, it is important to test which variations of classical GR fail the experimental tests or have some theoretical ... |
1,314,259,995,477 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.} When one is dealing with classical field theories on a spacetime, the metric may appear as a given background field or it may be a genuine dynamic field satisfying the Einstein equations. The latter theories are often generally covariant, with the spacetime diffeomorphism group as symmetry group... |
1,314,259,995,478 | arxiv | \section{Introduction, results, and conclusions}
\label{sec:intro}
A number of experiments aimed at studying parity violation in low-energy processes
involving few nucleon systems are being completed or are in an advanced stage of
planning at cold neutron facilities, such as the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,
the ... |
1,314,259,995,479 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entanglement is a fundamental concept of quantum mechanics, manifesting in strong, non-local correlations between subsystems. Constituting one of the most crucial differences between classical and quantum physics, entanglement is studied in a diverse area of physics, ranging from quantum gravity... |
1,314,259,995,480 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Simply stated, a black hole is a gravitational collapsing core, surrounded by an event horizon. The causal structure may undergo notable changes by passing the null boundary surface (event horizon) defined as where the light cone closes\cite{Horizon}.
Although the main features of a black hole ar... |
1,314,259,995,481 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The photometric and kinematic analysis of nearby objects reveals that
disk galaxies may host decoupled structures on various scales, from
a few tens of pc \citep[e.g.,][]{Pizzella2002, Corsini2003, Erwin2004}
to several kpc \citep[e.g.,][]{Rubin1994, Kuijken2001, C... |
1,314,259,995,482 | arxiv | \section{Results and discussion}
\section*{Structure search and analysis}
The phase stability of metal hydrides over a wide range of compressions was explored using density-functional theory combined with the CALYPSO structure search method\cite{Wang2010,Wang2012} to identify the range of stable structures and stoichi... |
1,314,259,995,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Hydrodynamical simulations suggest that a small fraction of mass is
ejected when two neutron stars (or a black hole and neutron star)
collide or merge \citep{Janka_1999,Rosswog_1999,Lee_2001,
Rosswog_2005,Oechslin_2007, Chawla_2010,Shibata_2011, Hoto_2013}.
If this ejecta is... |
1,314,259,995,484 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inspired by several graph theoretical notions studied in mathematical chemistry,
and, especially, by the notions of distance-balanced graphs \cite{ha,je}
and the Mostar index of a graph \cite{do},
Miklavi\v{c} and \v{S}parl \cite{misp2} introduced the
distance-unbalancedness of a graph $G$.
Her... |
1,314,259,995,485 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\indent \indent Since the original Randall-Sundrum model \cite{Randall:1999vf,Randall:1999ee} many works intends to extend the localization
of various fields on a 3-brane embedded in the higher dimensional bulk. Besides the localization of gravity and
other fields, many models have been suggested... |
1,314,259,995,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have b... |
1,314,259,995,487 | arxiv | \section{Booleanization details} \label{app:Booleanizationdetails}
Recall that given an arithmetic circuit ${\cal C}$ over $\mathbb{C}$ on variables $x_1,\ldots,x_N$, the Booleanization $B_{r,M}({\cal C})$ is the Boolean circuit constructed by assuming that all inputs $x_1,\ldots,x_N$ have magnitude $|x_i| \leq M$, and... |
1,314,259,995,488 | arxiv | \section{Definitions and discussion}
\subsection{Automatic groups}
In~\cite{Can}, J.W. Cannon proved certain geometrical properties of
the Cayley graph of cocompact discrete hyperbolic groups.
Two years later, in 1986, W. Thurston noticed that some of these
properties could be reformulated in terms of finite state auto... |
1,314,259,995,489 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
As known, pion production in $NN$ collisions, in particular the
channel $NN\to d\pi$, has been investigated by many theorists and
experimentalists over the last decades. An earlier study of this reaction
\cite{begin} shows that the excitation of the $\Delta$-isobar is a crucial
ingredie... |
1,314,259,995,490 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The LHC accelerator will be upgraded to deliver instantaneous peak luminosities of $5-7.5 \times 10^{34}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ with 140-200 collisions per bunch crossing. This will allow ATLAS and CMS to collect integrated luminosities of the order of 300$\,\mathrm{f... |
1,314,259,995,491 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent results indicate that if one assumes the existence of a
fundamental theory in eleven dimensions
(let's call it the `M theory'\footnote{This name was suggested
by E. Witten.}), this provides
a powerful heuristic basis for understanding various results in string theory.
For example, type II... |
1,314,259,995,492 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs), systems containing a stellar-mass black hole and a main-sequence companion, are some of the best test cases of fundamental physics, including tests of general relativity in strong gravity, plasma physics in accretion discs and particle acceleration in astrophys... |
1,314,259,995,493 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{V}{isible} and thermal infrared information strongly complement each other and contribute to visual tracking in different aspects. On one hand, thermal data are not affected by lighting variations and have a strong penetration ability to some particulate matters (e.g., smog and fo... |
1,314,259,995,494 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are a number of groups that have been developing dynamical cores
for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate modelling, based on
triangular meshes on the sphere or on the dual meshes composed of
hexagons together with twelve pentagons
\citep{Ri+2000,Ma+2002,Sa+2008}. These grids are... |
1,314,259,995,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This is the second of two papers where we study the impact of higher derivative terms
in field theories. In ref.\cite{bmp} we have pointed out that the presence of
these terms in a self interacting single component scalar field theory produces
tree level effects which may drive the formation of... |
1,314,259,995,496 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extragalactic jet sources associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN)
are among the most powerful sites for radiation
in the cosmos. The jets are highly-collimated outflows, imaged in radio, optical and
X-ray in select examples, and can emit up to around \teq{10^{47}}erg/sec in
highly varia... |
1,314,259,995,497 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
\textcolor{black}{Mobile data traffic is undergoing an unprecedented
growth, and it is being further propelled by the proliferation of
smart mobile devices, e.g., smart phones and tablets. In particular,
the data services subscribed by mobile users have gradually shifted
from \textquotedblleft ... |
1,314,259,995,498 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:int}
In this paper we consider circular and radial motions in combs of
circular geometry, see Fig.~\ref{fig:fig1}, where the radii are
continuously distributed over the circle, and
the circular motion takes place for the
fixed radius $r=R$, only. Fractional diffusion in this geometry
h... |
1,314,259,995,499 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the model problem:
\begin{equation}
\label{A1}
\min_{f, \, u} \,
\@ifstar\@lrset\@set*{
\frac{1}{2} \@ifstar\@lrnorms\@norm{u-d}^2_{{L^2(\partial \Omega)})}
+ \frac{\alpha}{2} \@ifstar\@lrnorms\@norm{f}_{{L^2(\Omega)}}^2
},
\end{equation}
on a Lipschitz domain $\Omega\subset \math... |
1,314,259,995,500 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
\subsection*{Preamble} Extensions and liftings are classical notions in Operator Theory.
To give some examples, we recall that a linear bounded Hilbert space operator is an isometry if and only if it is the restriction of a unitary operator to an invariant subspace. Also, it is... |
1,314,259,995,501 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{1}
The \textit{ratchet} effect, i. e. the possibility to obtain the
directed transport by using zero-mean perturbations only, has
induced notable scrutiny over the last decade [1]. Initially, most
studies have been focused on noisy overdamped models have been
inspired by a molecular mot... |
1,314,259,995,502 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be an abelian group, written additively, and $A$ a subset of $G$.
For a positive integer $h$ we denote by $hA$ the subset of $G$ consisting
of all possible sums of $h$ not necessarily distinct element of $A$, i.e.:
\be
hA = \{a_1 + \cdots + a_h : a_i \in A \}.
\ee
This set is called the... |
1,314,259,995,503 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Room-level occupancy in buildings provides crucial information to numerous use cases regarding, amongst others, building automation or building energy performance simulation. We differentiate between \textit{occupancy estimation}, i.e. the determination of an exact count of occupants in a room, a... |
1,314,259,995,504 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
Detached eclipsing binary stars (dEBs) are the primary source of fundamental
stellar quantities: mass $M$ and radius $R$. Both components must be
spectroscopically detectable for direct determination of these quantities.
Modern astronomical instrumentation and analytical methods enable a high... |
1,314,259,995,505 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgments}
This research was supported by the NSF under Grant No. 1750499, a Google Focused Award, an AI2 KSC Award, a Workday Faculty Award, Unity, and an Amazon Cloud Credits Grant.
This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant... |
1,314,259,995,506 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent advance in neutrino physics observation mainly of astrophysical
observation suggested the existence of tiny neutrino mass. The experiments
and observation has shown evidences for neutrino oscillation. The
solar neutrino deficit has been observed {[}1,2,3,4], the atmospheric
neutrino anoma... |
1,314,259,995,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tight Binding Model (TBM) \textrm{\cite{1,2,3,4}} is a particular lattice
QFT \textrm{\cite{5,6,7,8}} modeling couplings between quantum states living
at closed neighboring sites. The interactions are modeled in terms of hops
of crystal particles or holes; and brings together issues from Hi... |
1,314,259,995,508 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix,
which relates the mass eigenstates and the weak eigenstates
in the Standard Model electroweak theory, is a set of parameters.
To determine each CKM matrix element, one requires both
theoretical and experimental inputs.
On the theoretical side, one need... |
1,314,259,995,509 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-Hermitian operator has been introduced phenomenologically as an
effective Hamiltonian to fit experimental data in various fields of physics
\cite{Gamow,Dattoli,Okolowicz,Moiseyev,Muga}. In spite of the important role
played non-Hermitian operator in different branches of physics, it has... |
1,314,259,995,510 | arxiv | \section{Comparisons to related methods} \label{secComparison}
The most similar existing method to ours is the sphering approach from \citet{allen2012inference}. Both methods use a preliminary demeaned version of the data to generate covariance estimates, then use these estimates to adjust the gene-wise $t$-tests. Th... |
1,314,259,995,511 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries and notations} \label{prel}
In this section we introduce notations that we are using throughout the paper. For the general theory about Riemannian symmetric spaces we refer to \cite{H01} and \cite{Wo84}.
Let $M$ be a connected Riemannian symmetric space and $o \in M$. We normally denote by $n =... |
1,314,259,995,512 | arxiv | \section{\label{Intro} Introduction}
Standard internal combustion engines generate torque by burning
fuel in the combustion chambers of cylinders. The kinetic energy of
the expanding gases is applied to move a piston, which
in turn
is connected to a crankshaft to
produce rotation and do work.
The performance of an en... |
1,314,259,995,513 | arxiv | \section{Posterior means of the patient fixed effects in the Australian GP data} \label{app:estimation result patient}
\begin{table}[ht!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|rrrrrrrr|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Variable} & \multicolumn{8}{c|}{Product} \\ \cline{2-9}
& \multicolumn{1}{c}{1} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{2} & \mult... |
1,314,259,995,514 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{center}
{\bf \S 1 Introduction}
\end{center}
The notion of the {\em Holonomy} of an affine connection was
introduced originally by \'Elie Cartan in the 1920s who used it as
an important tool in his attempt to classify all locally
symmetric manifolds. Over time, the holonomy group proved... |
1,314,259,995,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Scdrum1}
Two years before the publication of Kac's famous paper \cite{Kac}
`Can one hear the shape of a drum' Milnor \cite{Milnor} gave a
counter example showing that one cannot hear the shape of a compact
Riemannian manifold.
Milnor presented two 16-dimensional Riemannian manifolds
for... |
1,314,259,995,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General nuclear many-body theory states that optical potentials should be nonlocal \cite{Feshbach}. Today several groups are investing significant effort in development of these potentials based on modern ab-initio microscopic approaches \cite{Idi16,Rot17,Idi17,Rot18,Bur19}.
However, most ph... |
1,314,259,995,517 | arxiv | \section*{Research Highlights}
\section{Introduction}
Classic online prediction with expert advice \cite{vovk1998game}
is a competition between the learner and the adversary which consists of $T$ sequential steps. At each step of the game the learner has to efficiently aggregate the predictions of a given (fixed) poo... |
1,314,259,995,518 | arxiv | \section{Supplementary information}
\subsection{Extraction of the exciton population from measured data}
\label{population}
The exciton population created by a pump pulse tuned into the phonon sideband
can be extracted from our two-pulse spectra (see Fig.~2) in three different ways
by analyzing the peak heights of the... |
1,314,259,995,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wavelet and frame shrinkage operators became very popular in recent years.
A certain starting point was the ISTA algorithm in \cite{DDM04} which was interpreted as a special case of
the forward-backward algorithm in \cite{CW05}.
For relations with other algorithms see also \cite{BSS2017,Se09}.... |
1,314,259,995,520 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of energy is of central importance in modern culture and technology. It allows us to calculate how we can substitute man power by engines and thus facilitate daily life. We trade energy and we even ascribe prices to the different types of energy. We talk of fossil fuels, oil and gas, a... |
1,314,259,995,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec: intro}
The Born-Oppenheimer (BO)~\cite{BO}, or adiabatic, treatment of the coupled motion of electrons and nuclei is among the most fundamental
approximations in modern condensed-matter theory and forms the basis of our understanding of dynamical processes in molecules and solids. It
o... |
1,314,259,995,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\noindent Dynamical systems with invariant axes and (hyper) planes arise in various classes of models, such as in disease models (e.g. the malaria models reviewed by \citet{Teboh2013}), mass action kinetics (going all the way back to \citet{Lotka1920}) and plasma physics (see, e.g., ... |
1,314,259,995,523 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{D}\lowercase{efinitions of coordinates}\label{sec_1}}
In the main text, the Cartesian coordinate depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig_s1}(a) was adopted.
The $x$, $y$, and $z$ axes of this coordinate are parallel to the [$\bar{1}\bar{1}\bar{2}$], [1$\bar{1}$0], and [$\bar{1}\bar{1}$1] crystallographic directio... |
1,314,259,995,524 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex
{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
{-3.25... |
1,314,259,995,525 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The 11-year sunspot cycle represents far more than just a quasi-decadal variation in the number of
sunspots seen on the disk of the Sun.
As the numbers of sunspots wax and wane so do the numbers of x-ray flares, coronal mass ejections,
solar energetic particle events, and geomagnetic storms
\cit... |
1,314,259,995,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
The following modification of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model \cite{SK} was introduced recently in \cite{MS}. Given $N\geq 1$, let us denote by
\begin{equation}
\sigma = (\sigma_1,\ldots,\sigma_N) \in \varSigma_N = \bigl\{-1,+1 \bigr\}^N
\end{equation}
a configuration of $N$ I... |
1,314,259,995,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{quote}
\emph{Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily.} --- William of Ockham
\end{quote}
In recent years, deep learning has quickly grown to revolutionize a number of complex tasks, ranging from language modeling to computer vision ~\citep{lecun2015deeplearning}. The key to this ... |
1,314,259,995,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A vertex algebroid is the algebraic structure induced on a subspace $V_0 \oplus V_1$
of a vertex algebra $V$.
The study of vertex algebroids started with \cite{GMS}
where
the sheaves of chiral differential operators (CDO)
were defined as the enveloping algebras of
{exact} vertex algeb... |
1,314,259,995,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Chap2S1}
Non-linear filtering is one of the most important Bayesian inferencing methods, with several key applications in: navigation \cite{Gus2002}, guidance \cite{GSE1995}, tracking \cite{C1984}, fault detection \cite{RD2004} and fault diagnosis \cite{N2004}. Within the Bayesian fram... |
1,314,259,995,530 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
The experimental program at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN may lead to discovery of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle interactions soon. Some hints about the insufficience of the Standard model have been already provided by e.g. observation of... |
1,314,259,995,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Blockchain based cryptocurrencies are usually unmanaged, distributed, consensus-based systems in which no single entity has control \cite{Baliga2017}. They use open consensus based approaches that allow anyone to participate in maintaining the blockchain, even retaining their... |
1,314,259,995,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A large number of extensions of the SM predict the existence of color
triplet particles carrying simultaneously leptonic and baryonic
number, the so-called leptoquarks. Leptoquarks are present in models
that treat quarks and leptons on the same footing, such as composite
models \cite{comp}, gran... |
1,314,259,995,533 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Randomness plays a prominent role in quantum computing, quantum information processing and physics in general. In particular, random unitaries chosen from the Haar measure \cite{4} on the unitary group U(N) find applications in randomized benchmarking \cite{6} , noise estim... |
1,314,259,995,534 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Shape oscillations of levitated metal droplets can be used to measure
the surface tension and viscosity of liquid metals (\citealt{Rhim-etal99,Egry-etal05}).
Theoretically, the former determines the frequency, while the latter
accounts for the damping rate of oscillations. In the reality, experi... |
1,314,259,995,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this note we show an estimate of the $L^p$-norm of the Bergman projection on the Hartogs triangle, the pseudoconvex domain in $\mathbb{C}^2$ defined as
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{H}=\left\{(z_1,z_2) \in \mathbb{C}^{2} \colon |z_1| < |z_2| <1 \right\},
\end{align*}
for $4/3<p<4$. The Har... |
1,314,259,995,536 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex
{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
... |
1,314,259,995,537 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{intro}
One intriguing puzzle in physics is the regular pattern
of the three
fermion and quark families. The existence of families gives rise to many of the
free parameters of the Standard Model,
in particular the fermion masses and the
elements of the Cabibbo-Kobay... |
1,314,259,995,538 | arxiv |
\section{\textbf{Introduction}}
\subsection{Motivation and background}
The convergence and efficiency of a reduced order model for approximation of the solutions of a large-scale PDE system depend heavily on the choice of the elements that constitute the "reduced basis" \cite{Priori}. Therefore, the input parameter s... |
1,314,259,995,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coherent backscattering (CBS) of light is a phenomenon emerging in a
dilute disordered medium, whereupon multiply scattered
counter-propagating waves interfere constructively in a narrow
angular range around the backward direction, leading to enhanced
intensity of the scattered signal \cite{sheng... |
1,314,259,995,540 | arxiv |
\subsection{Problem Statement}
Consider a 2D bounded workspace $\mathcal W\subset \mathbb R^2$ containing a set of $n$ objects $\mathcal O=\{o_1, ..., o_n\}$.
Each object is assumed to be an upright \emph{generalized cylinder}. A \emph{feasible arrangement} $\mathcal A =\{p_1, ..., p_n\}$, $p_i = \{x_i, y_i, \theta... |
1,314,259,995,541 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
``Check. Your. Work. It is okay to make mistakes, but it is not okay to turn in work that is riddled with mistakes that checking your work could have caught.'' These sage words were spoken by my undergraduate mathematics professor, Dr. Kenneth Holladay. Unfortunately, somewhere ... |
1,314,259,995,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The properties of the scalar particle with mass around 125 GeV discovered
at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012
\cite{Chatrchyan:2012xdj,Aad:2012tfa} have been extensively studied since
its observation. These studies show strong evidence that the coupling of this
particle to fermions and vec... |
1,314,259,995,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, fluctuations in nonequilibrium
systems have drawn considerable attention
to a new kind of fluctuation theorems.
These fluctuation theorems are asymmetric relations
for the distribution functions for work, heat, etc., and
may be satisfied even far from equilibrium st... |
1,314,259,995,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Atomistic models have established a critical role in material modeling
and simulations. In order to study the mechanical responses, boundary
conditions (BC) must be imposed. While specifying the displacement of
the atoms at the boundary is straightforward, imposing a traction is
much more cha... |
1,314,259,995,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few years, the heavy quark effective theory (HQET) \cite{neubert,georgi,HQET} has enjoyed much
success in treating many aspects of the phenomenology of heavy hadrons \cite{baryons,LUKE}. The elegant
tensor formalism developed by Georgi, and used extensively by others, has
proven to b... |
1,314,259,995,546 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
\label{s:conclusions}
We have computed a doubly-localized solution of plane Couette flow,
which consists of two symmetrically-opposed $\Lambda$-shaped vortices
whose legs swirl in opposite directions and are tilted in both the
spanwise and wall-normal directions. The solution roughly resembles... |
1,314,259,995,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{einforcement} learning (RL) \cite{sutton1988reinforcement} has achieved remarkable results in many applications \cite{,mnih2013playing,silver2017mastering}. However, current RL algorithms often suffer from poor generalization ability. One of the prevailing ideas towards this prob... |
1,314,259,995,548 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Identifying the crystal structure of a given material is important for understanding and predicting its physical properties.
For instance, the hardness of industrial steel is strongly influenced by the atomic composition at grain boundaries, which has been studied in numerous
theoretical and ex... |
1,314,259,995,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the framework of the new generation of solar system exploration missions, high priority is given to the observation of the so-called Inner Larger Moons of Saturn, namely, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys and Dione \cite{Vision:2011}. In particular, the geyser-like jets venting water vapor, ammonia, sa... |
1,314,259,995,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In computer science, fingerprinting is a procedure that summarizes the input data by mapping it to a much shorter item \cite{Broder1993}. Similarly to human fingerprints, such transformation contains the basic information and properties of the original data, so it can be used to identify it amon... |
1,314,259,995,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent study of many-body systems interacting via long-range potentials, such as gravitating particles or unscreened plasmas (see \cite{draw2002,campa2008,campa2009,dauxois2010} for other examples), has revealed an interesting property of the entropy that went unnoticed for a surprisingly lo... |
1,314,259,995,552 | arxiv |
\section{Data} \label{sec:data}
In this section, we first explain the ad platform setup in Section~\ref{sec:platform_setup}; specifically Yahoo Gemini ad platform, however, the underlying hierarchical structure is fairly standard in the advertising industry. This is followed by our method for leveraging the ad platfor... |
1,314,259,995,553 | arxiv | \partial{\partial}
\def\tag#1 {\eqno(#1)}
\def\mathcal{\mathcal}
\def\text{Var\/}{\text{Var\/}}
\newcommand{\includegraphics}{\includegraphics}
\newcommand{\raisebox}{\raisebox}
\newcommand\risS[6]{\raisebox{#1pt}[#5pt][#6pt]{\begin{picture}(#4,15)(0,0)
\put(0,0){\includegraphics[width=#4pt]{#2.eps}} #3
\end{pic... |
1,314,259,995,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Since the first detection of a Galactic \ac{DNS} system \citep{hulse1975discovery}, the growing observed population of DNSs continues to provide constraints on their orbital parameters. Precise measurements of Keplerian and post-Keplerian parameters \citep{kramer2006tests... |
1,314,259,995,555 | arxiv | \section{Preliminares}
Most definitions and theorems in this section may be found in \cite{D68}. We direct the reader to this source for more information, and details, about projective planes.
Let $GF(q^{2})$ be the field with $q^{2}$ elements, where $q=p^{n}$ with $p$ prime (we will always consider $p$ to be odd in ... |
1,314,259,995,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider a Hamiltonian dynamics property, the symplectic nonsqueezing, of the coupled KdV type system,
\begin{equation*}
\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\label{eq:Coupled KdV system}\tag{CKdV}
u_t + u_{xxx} + \frac{1}{2}\left(vv\right)_x = 0 \\
v_t + v_{xxx} + \left(uv\right)_x =0 \\
\left. \left(u,v\... |
1,314,259,995,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:in}
Let $G$ be a connected graph of order $n$ with vertex set $V(G)$. The {\em average distance}
$\overline{\sigma}(v)$ of a vertex $v$ of $G$ is defined as the arithmetic mean of the
distances from $v$ to all other vertices of $G$, i.e.,
\[ \overline{\sigma}(v,G) = \frac{1}{n-1} ... |
1,314,259,995,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Assume that on the probability space $\left(\Omega, \mathscr F, \bb P\right)$ we are given a sequence of random variables
$\left(X_n\right)_{n\geqslant 1}$ with values in a measurable space $\bb X.$ Let $f$ be a real function on $\bb X.$
Suppose that the random walk $S_n = f(X_1)+\cdots + f(X_... |
1,314,259,995,559 | arxiv | \subsection{Brane-Induced Gravity}
The principal motivation for modifying General Relativity (GR) at ultra-large distances is the cosmological constant problem~\cite{weinberg}.
(See~\cite{bhuvreview} for a recent review of cosmological tests of gravity.) Vacuum energy is the zero-momentum component of stress energy an... |
1,314,259,995,560 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
With its extremely large effective area (4 m$^2$ at 2~keV, 8 m$^2$ at 5~keV, 10 m$^2$ at 8~keV, 1 m$^2$ at 30~keV), the good energy resolution of the Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD \cite{vacchi1991,campana2011,zampa2011,evangelista2012}), and relatively fast detector response ti... |
1,314,259,995,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent \emph{Knowledge graphs} are an extremely versatile and flexible data model. They allow knowledge to be encoded without a predefined format and they are extremely robust in the face of missing data. This versatility comes at a price. For a given knowledge graph, it can be difficult to se... |
1,314,259,995,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The origin of dust on cosmic scales is of great astrophysical interest. The cosmic importance of dust is illustrated by the fact that about $50\%$ of starlight is reprocessed by dust \citep{2006Dole}. Thus, dust dominates how we see galaxies.
Dust is very important for the thermal balance of th... |
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