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1,314,259,995,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro:sec}
Trading bit rates for better link budgets, LPWANs provide long range wireless
connectivity to IoT devices~\cite{centenaro2015long, margelis2015low,
vangelista2015long}. Such networks provide a promising alternative to
traditional cellular or multi-hop n... |
1,314,259,995,664 | arxiv | \section{Introductions}\label{intro}
Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety of maximal Albanese dimension (m.A.d. for short) and of general type. Recall that tricanonical map is birational onto its image (cf. \cite{CH2} and \cite{JMT}). It is interesting to consider the birationality of
its bicanonical map.... |
1,314,259,995,665 | arxiv | \section{Light Localization}
The phenomenon of light localization appears in three--dimensional
periodic dielectric structures, in which, due to periodicity, an
electromagnetic band gap develops. Then spontaneous emission with a
frequency inside the band gap can be rigorously forbidden [1--3], because
of a severe depr... |
1,314,259,995,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past few years, training neural machine translation (NMT) models from scratch has become excessively burdensome as the training data size and model capacity continue to increase~\cite{ghorbani2021scaling,siddhant2022towards,wang2022deepnet}.
Therefore, making an existing NMT model conti... |
1,314,259,995,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
X-rays from non-magnetic massive stars are thought to be produced two ways: via embedded wind shocks in the radiately driven wind close to the star,
and, in massive binaries, via shocks in the wind collision zone between the two stars \citep{1992ApJ...386..265S}.
3D numerical simulations of colli... |
1,314,259,995,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Task-oriented dialogue system interacts with users in natural language to accomplish tasks such as restaurant reservation or flight booking. The goal of dialogue state tracking is to provide a compact representation of the conversation at each dialogue turn, called \textit{dialogue ... |
1,314,259,995,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optimizing the generalization performances of overparametrized neural networks is one of the main challenges in machine learning. A crucial role is played by gradient-based training algorithms, which converge to solutions which generalize well also when no explicit regularization of the model is ... |
1,314,259,995,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kinetic Ising models were originally intended to study relaxational
processes near equilibrium states \cite{gla63,kaw72}. Later combinations
of Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics were used successfully in investigating
questions about temperature driven nonequilibrium phase transitions
\cite{dem85,g... |
1,314,259,995,671 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main problem of dynamics is probably to understand in depth
the role and meaning of the term ``time''. Two kinds of time are
used in physics. On one side, the parametric time $t$, just an
auxiliary mathematical element which, strictly speaking, is not
observable since any other time of... |
1,314,259,995,672 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The stability of spatially extended dynamical systems and the transition
towards statio-temporal chaos is still a wide open problem. Considerable
progress has been made recently by models for pattern formation
\cite{hohenberg93} and advanced three-wave interaction schemes
\cite{chow95,kaup79}. T... |
1,314,259,995,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most important quantum physical quantities is probably the
zero-point energy. It is needed, for instance, when we want to study
back-reaction, i.e., the influence the
matter fields moving in a curved back-ground assert on the back-ground
geometry itself. This would be done by solvin... |
1,314,259,995,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A key component of our capacity to interact with others lies in our ability to recognize the poses of humans \cite{schmidtke2021unsupervised, liu2021aggregated,iccv_motiontrajectory}.
Likewise, detecting human poses is crucial for an intelligent machine to adjust its action and properly allocate ... |
1,314,259,995,675 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Charge-density wave (CDW) and superconductivity are two important and closely linked broken symmetry states in solids. There has been tremendous interest in the interplay between these two states in condensed matter physics. The topic has motivated extensive exploration of new materials showin... |
1,314,259,995,676 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be the finite field with $q$ elements, where $q$ is a power of a prime $p$ and let $\overline{\mathbb{F}}_q$ be the algebraic closure of $\mathbb{F}_q$. For any $\alpha\in \overline{\mathbb{F}}_q$, we let $m_{\alpha}(x)$ denote the minimal polynomial of $\alpha$ over $\mathbb... |
1,314,259,995,677 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In 2020, BEPCII implemented an energy upgrade project and increased the maximum center-of-mass energy from 4.61~$\,\mathrm{GeV}$ to 4.95~$\,\mathrm{GeV}$.
During the data-taking years of 2020 and 2021, the BESIII experiment collected $e^+e^{-}$ annihilation data at 12 center-of-mass energy ($E_... |
1,314,259,995,678 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}\label{intro}
\section{Introduction}
With the astounding growth of automobile ownership, a series of transport-related problems has appeared worldwide. These problems, such as greenhouse gas emissions and urban traffic congestion, have severely impacted the economy and the environment \citep{sch... |
1,314,259,995,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classical Lambert $W$ function is a special function gaining more and more interest from mathematicians and physicists. It can be defined on the whole complex plane by the transcendental equation
\begin{equation}
W(z)e^{W(z)}=z.\label{W_def}
\end{equation}
As this equation has infinitely man... |
1,314,259,995,680 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have ... |
1,314,259,995,681 | arxiv | \section{Principle of quantum signatures}
Suppose Alice sends a message to Bob, who in turn may pass it on to Charlie. How can Bob tell that the message is from Alice, and has not been tampered with, and how can Charlie tell that Bob did not modify {or by himself generate} the message? {If one is} using a conventional... |
1,314,259,995,682 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A non-singular model of a black hole was proposed by Hayward \cite{hayward}.
As such, it may be a solution of an ultraviolet complete gravity such as \cite{biswas}.
The geodesics in such a non-singular spacetime would illuminate some
basics aspects of the spacetime, as
the geodesics i... |
1,314,259,995,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Magnetic reconnection is a common phenomenon in which the topology of magnetic field lines is changed and magnetic energy is converted to kinetic energy. Interpretations of space plasma measurements \citep[e.g.,][] {2008NatPh...4...19C, 2011PhRvL.107p5007O} and astronomical observa... |
1,314,259,995,684 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
Thermopower ($S$) of Ce-based Kondo lattice systems (KLS) exhibits a variety of unusual features depending on the coupling strength ($J$) between
Ce-4$f$ and conduction electrons, which is of both fundamental and application interests \cite{Zlaticbook,Sakurai}. Particularly, as $J$ is enha... |
1,314,259,995,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The supernova (SN) explosions blow out the various heavy elements generated by the nucleosynthesis process inside the progenitor stars. Meanwhile, the blast wave generated by the SN explosion sweeps up and heats the interstellar matter (ISM).
It forms a characteristic structure ... |
1,314,259,995,686 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Lemma \lowercase{\ref{lem:noisy_unknown_cdf}} and Auxiliary Lemmas}\label{sec:proof_noisy_unknown_CDF}
The purpose of this section is to prove Lemma \ref{lem:noisy_unknown_cdf}, which provides a probabilistic uniform bound on the CDF estimate $\hat{F}^{(i)}$.
We will prove the desired result by showin... |
1,314,259,995,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Painting art, like Vincent van Gogh's ``The Starry Night'', have attracted people for many years. It is one of the most popular art forms for creative expression of the conceptual intention of the practitioner. Since 1990's, researches have been made by computer scientists on the artistic work, i... |
1,314,259,995,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Singularities of map germs have long been studied,
especially up to the equivalence
under coordinate changes
in both source and target (${\mathcal A}$-equivalence).
According to \cite{gaff}, ``classification''
for map germs with ${\mathcal A}$-equivalence
means finding lists of germs, and showin... |
1,314,259,995,689 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{sec01-intro}
\section{Background and Related Work}
\input{sec02-rw}
\section{Four Spatial Awareness Tools}
\label{section:tooldesc}
\input{sec03-fourtools}
\section{User Study}
\input{sec04-userstudy}
\section{RQ1 Results: Aspects of Spatial Awareness Important to Visually Impaired... |
1,314,259,995,690 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The landscape of mobile communication service requirements is rapidly changing with the proliferation of digitization technologies. Consequently, in the future, more emphasis needs to be placed on location specific services in different vertical sectors. Hospitals, shopping malls, smart cities, ... |
1,314,259,995,691 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Classical antennas are devices transforming radio-waves from free-space to a guiding device and vice versa \cite{balan}. The radiative properties of such antennas are characterized by the angular distribution of the radiated field and intensity (field and power radiation patterns). In the case ... |
1,314,259,995,692 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro} Introduction}
Relativistic heavy ion collisions are investigated both theoretically
and experimentally to understand the properties of nuclear matter at
extreme conditions. In heavy ion collisions, there is a possibility for
the nuclear matter to undergo a phase transition to quark matter. T... |
1,314,259,995,693 | arxiv | \section*{}
\markboth{Contents}{}
\vspace*{-1cm}
\tableofcontents
\markboth{Contents}{}
\vfill
\noindent
Photo credits:\\
\noindent Cover: NASA\\
\noindent Backpage:
\begin{itemize}
\item Collection of early drawings of Saturn by various observers, from Huyghens' \textit{Systema Saturnium} (1659).
\item Guido Bonatti,... |
1,314,259,995,694 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main result}
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $C^{2}$ boundary, and let $D_{1}^{*}$ and $D_{2}^{*}$ be two open sets whose closure belongs to $\Omega$, touching only at the origin with the inner normal vector of $\partial{D}_{1}^{*}$ pointing in the positive $x_{n}$-dir... |
1,314,259,995,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
This paper deals with the scale-invariant, nonlocal functional inequality
\begin{equation}\label{HS}
\left(\int_{{\mathbb R}^N} \frac{|u|^q}{|x|^\alpha}\, dx\right)^{\frac{1}{q}}\leq C\left(\int_{{\mathbb R}^N\times{\mathbb R}^N}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{N+ps}}\, dx\, dy\right... |
1,314,259,995,696 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The history of what would come to be called glueballs goes back to the early days of hadronic physics, before the emergence of QCD. At that time, hadron-hadron scattering processes at high-energies and low transferred momenta, written in terms of the Mandelstan variables, $s \gg m^2 \simeq -t... |
1,314,259,995,697 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
According to Gr\"unbaum \cite[Ch.~12]{grue03}, a polytope $P$ is
\emph{dimensionally $k$-ambiguous} if the $k$-skeleton of $P$ is isomorphic to
that of a polytope $Q$ and $\dim Q \not= \dim P$. So, not only is the
$k$-skeleton of such a polytope \emph{not} characteristic but, even worse, it
doe... |
1,314,259,995,698 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
In the seminal papers \cite{campa1, campa2} Sergio Campanato introduced the spaces that nowadays are named after him, and used them to prove embedding theorems for Sobolev-Morrey spaces defined on bounded open sets $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$. In particular, it was proved that if $f$ is a func... |
1,314,259,995,699 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
General relativity (GR), our currently best theory of gravity and of spacetime, permits time travel into one's own past in the sense that it contains models of spacetime with \textit{closed timelike curves}, i.e., worldlines potentially traced out by matter in spacetime, which i... |
1,314,259,995,700 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Norway has a large tolerance towards dialectal variation \cite{nhs} and, as such, one can find examples of dialectal use in many areas of the public sphere, including politics, news media, and social media. %
Although there has been much variation in writing Norwegian, since the debut of Nynor... |
1,314,259,995,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over $\mathbb{C}$ of dimension $n$.
The Chow groups $A^iX$ (of codimension $i$ algebraic cycles modulo rational equivalence) are notoriously hard to understand. For instance, the following conjecture dating from 1974 is still completely open ... |
1,314,259,995,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The discovery of a Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heralds the completion of the standard model (SM)~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012xdj} and a great hope for the discovery of new physics. Obviously, the completion of the SM naturally leads to the quest of microscop... |
1,314,259,995,703 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In recent years convex relaxations of many fundamental, yet combinatorially hard, optimization problems
in engineering, applied mathematics, and statistics have been introduced \citep{Tro2006}. Good, and sometimes nearly optimal solutions, can be achieved at affordable c... |
1,314,259,995,704 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Ghost imaging (GI) provides a way to recover the object images via intensity correlation between reference patterns and bucket intensity signals. It was primitively demonstrated by using entangled light \cite{Pittman1995}, then was also experimentally realized with thermal or ps... |
1,314,259,995,705 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a very interesting paper Aharonov et al \cite{Aharonov} proposed
the idea of a quantum random walk. Here a random walker is
constrained to move left or right depending on the state of an
auxiliary quantum mechanical system. One then examines the state of
the random walker subject to the measur... |
1,314,259,995,706 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By the ring we mean a commutative ring with unity. Let $R$ be an itegral domain.
We denote by $R^{\ast}$ the group of all invertible elements of $R$.
\medskip
The main motivation of this paper is description polynomial composites as algebraic object.
The related works were started in paper \... |
1,314,259,995,707 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
According to the Galaxy Zoo project, spiral galaxies contribute around two thirds of all galaxies in the Local Universe
(Lintott et al. 2011; Willett et al. 2013). While the spiral structure is very common and appealing, the mechanism
underlying its origin is still not well understood. Several t... |
1,314,259,995,708 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recall that a group $G$ is said to be \emph{torsion} (or \emph{periodic}) if every element of $G$ has finite order. Obviously, every finite group is torsion. Infinite torsion groups can be constructed as direct products of finite groups; note, however, that these groups are not finitely generated... |
1,314,259,995,709 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transfer operator based methods involving Perron-Frobenius and Koopman operators are successfully applied for analysis and design of nonlinear dynamical systems in \cite{Dellnitz_Junge,Mezic2000,froyland_extracting,Junge_Osinga,Mezic_comparison,Dellnitztransport,mezic2005spectral,Mehta_comparsio... |
1,314,259,995,710 | arxiv | \section*{Highlights}
\begin{itemize}
\item Privacy-preserving multi-agent reinforcement learning is used to coordinate residential energy
\item Learning from optimisations improves coordination scalability in stochastic environments
\item Marginal reward signals further enhance cooperation relative to previous appro... |
1,314,259,995,711 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
Throughout this paper, for every metric space $(E,d)$ and every function $f:E \to \mathbb{R},$
we will denote the Lipschitz constant of $f$ on $E$ by $\lip(f,E),$ that is,
$$
\lip(f,E):= \inf \lbrace L >0 \: : \: |f(x)-f(y)| \leq L d(x,y) \quad \text{for all} \quad x,y\in E \rbr... |
1,314,259,995,712 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
IP geolocation is a longstanding problem in computer networking,
with both an active academic research and a wide array of commercial
solutions and applications.
IP geolocation is used for a variety of purposes, including mapping clients to
nearby content delivery network (CDN) replica... |
1,314,259,995,713 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Building a good speech recogniser typically requires a large amount of annotated data from a specific language. Obtaining high-quality labelled data is a costly and time-intensive process, and for many languages this remains a big issue. However, even in a highly resourced language like English, ... |
1,314,259,995,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A celebrated theorem of Savitch \cite{Savitch70} states that $NSPACE(S)$ $\subseteq$ $DSPACE(S^2)$. In particular, Savitch gave a deterministic algorithm to solve {\sc{ST-Connectivity}}\ (an ${\bf{NL}}$-complete problem) using $O({\log}^2{n})$ space, implying ${\bf{NL}}$\ $\subseteq$ $DSPACE({\l... |
1,314,259,995,715 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the words of \citet{Shapley1922}, NGC~2419 is `a globular cluster of uncommon interest'. At a distance of 83~kpc \citep{Ripepi2007}, it has long been recognised as one of the most remote globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way \citep{Baade1935,Racine1975}. Despite the difficulties associated... |
1,314,259,995,716 | arxiv | \section{Asymptotics of the product of gamma functions}\label{a}
Due to the asymptotic relation
$$
\ln\Gamma(z)=\left(z-\frac12\right)\ln z-z+O(1),\quad |\arg z|<\pi,
$$
one has
$$
\ln\left\{\Gamma(b+z)\Gamma(b+\omega z)\Gamma(b+z/\omega)\right\}=3\left(b-\frac12\right)\ln z-\frac{2\pi}{\sqrt{3}}z+O(1),\quad |\arg z|<\... |
1,314,259,995,717 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Localization have attracted significant attentions in the past few years,
and numerous techniques have been proposed to achieve high accuracy localization.
In outdoor scenarios, GPS and its variants
are the most common technologies to provide accurate position for various
app... |
1,314,259,995,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ecosystems -- from rainforests to the human gut -- can harbor a surprisingly large number of different species \cite{hutchinson1959homage,ghazoul2010tropical,lozupone2012diversity}. These species in general compete for a limited number of resources and possibly prey on each other. Inspired by th... |
1,314,259,995,719 | arxiv | \section*{\textsf{Introduction}}
\lettrine[lines=2]{T}{he} ability to capture the two-dimensional (2D) image information is extremely significant in plenty of applications, ranging from astronomical observation \cite{Kastner2002}, phase retrieval \cite{YuOC2017} to hyperspectral imaging \cite{Studer2012}. However, the ... |
1,314,259,995,720 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
GW170817, the first detection of a merger between two neutron stars \citep[NSs,][]{Abbott2017b}, marked the beginning of multi-messenger astronomy. For the first time, electromagnetic emission accompanying the gravitational wave (GW) event was observed \citep{Abbott2017c}, ranging from gamma rays... |
1,314,259,995,721 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let us start by recalling the algebraic interpretation of the integration of a vector field.
Let $X$ be a complex algebraic variety and $\chi$ an algebraic vector field on $X$,
or, equivalently, a $\mathbb{C}$-derivation $\delta:{\EuScript O}_X\to {\EuScript O}_X$ of the sheaf of regular
functi... |
1,314,259,995,722 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
One of the unsolved problems in AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{1}
(for an excellent review, see \cite{AGMOO}) is how to obtain non-SUSY
gauge theory with typical running coupling as the boundary side.
The related question is about confinement in such theory.
It is desirable to answer these qu... |
1,314,259,995,723 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\baselineskip .55 cm
With extensive and manifold applications, fixed point theory has been one of the most influential research topics in various field of engineering and science. The most incredible result in this direction was stated by Banach, known as the Banach contraction principle \cite{ba... |
1,314,259,995,724 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent theoretical studies of noisy entanglement resulted in discoveries of interesting phenomena that occur in higher-dimensional systems. One prominent example is provided by bound-entangled states that cannot be created by local operations and classical communication (LOCC), but at the same t... |
1,314,259,995,725 | arxiv |
\section{Active Learning and Proofreading}
\label{sec:active}
AL aims to train a model with minimal user input by selecting small subsets
of examples that are the most informative.
Formally, our algorithm starts with a small set
of labeled edges $S_{0}$. We then repeat the following steps: At iteration $t$,
we us... |
1,314,259,995,726 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Finding and studying large samples of distant luminous and evolved
galaxies is fundamental to provide a deeper insight on the formation
of massive galaxies, a process that is commonly perceived as a
challenging test for cosmological models of structure formation and
evolution. For this rea... |
1,314,259,995,727 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Since Bell's paper \cite{Bell} entanglement has been studied and explored in depth. Saying that quantum information branch emerged from extensive studies of phenomenon of entanglement would not be an exaggeration. Entanglement has been used in many information-processing applica... |
1,314,259,995,728 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The canonical formalism allows one to derive the classical equations of motion and the conserved currents associated with the global symmetries of a Lagrangian. Unfortunately, this formalism runs into problems in presence of a gauge symmetry. In particular, the canonical energy-momentum tensor o... |
1,314,259,995,729 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\begin{displaymath}}{\begin{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\end{displaymath}}{\end{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqn... |
1,314,259,995,730 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heegaard Floer homology is a package of invariants associated to 3- and 4-manifolds introduced by Ozsv\'{a}th and Szab\'{o} \cite{OSDisks} \cite{OSTriangles}. To a connected, closed, oriented 3-manifold $Y$ with a $\Spin^c$ structure $\frs$, they construct $\Z[U]$-modules
\[\HF^-(Y,\frs), \q... |
1,314,259,995,731 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Centering Theory is a computational model of discourse interpretation
that examines the relationship between attentional state, the form of
referring expressions, and the control of inferential processes. These
goals have led to its application to the study of unexpressed
arguments (henceforth {... |
1,314,259,995,732 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In [18], Sz\'{e}kelyhidi and Tosatti studied regularity of weak solutions of the equation
\begin{align}
(\omega+\sqrt{-1}\partial\bar{\partial}\phi)^n=e^{-F(\phi, z)}\omega^n
\end{align}
on an $n$-dimensional compact K\"{a}hler manifold $(M,\omega)$, where $F: \mathbb{R}\times M\rightarr... |
1,314,259,995,733 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sect.intro}
In this paper we shall describe the asymptotic behaviour (as $t\to\infty$) of a class
of solutions $u(t,x)\ge 0$ of the fast diffusion equation (FDE)
\begin{equation}\label{1.1}
\partial_t u=\Delta\left(u^{m}/m\right)=\nabla \cdot(u^{m-1}\nabla u),
\qquad m<1,
\end{equati... |
1,314,259,995,734 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is difficult for human to reach the stars using current rocket
technology. The energy sources range from chemical fuel, nuclear
power and even anti-matter conceptually. The major problem in these
systems is that propulsion required large amount of time and
fuel\cite{Lemos}. We try to solve thi... |
1,314,259,995,735 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lepton flavour violation (LFV)is an important signature
into physics beyond the standard model (SM). In the SM with massive
neutrinos, neutrinos have the Yukawa interaction.
Lepton flavour is violated like quark flavour.
However, LFV is strongly suppressed by
the neutrino masses. Supersymmet... |
1,314,259,995,736 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The prototypical parabolic differential equation is the heat equation. It
forms a cornerstone of mathematics and physics, and its understanding
is essential for defining more complicated mathematical models.
Fourier introduced this equation as a means to describe tran... |
1,314,259,995,737 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Astrophysicists have had a long-standing interest in the physics of
elementary processes in super-strong magnetic fields, with field
strengths $B\gtrsim 10^{12}$~G. The cyclotron lines observed in the
spectra of Her X-1 \cite{tr78} and of 4U 0115+63 \cite{gr80} as well as
in many other X-ray pul... |
1,314,259,995,738 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Deep learning based systems have progressed leaps and bounds over the past few years, enabling their deployment in critical applications such as self-driving cars, surveillance systems and biomedical applications. Furthermore, organizations often provide pretrained machine learn... |
1,314,259,995,739 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the resonance model \citep{ak01,ka01,kato03}, there is a natural and
attractive possibility of explaining the observed rational ratios of
high-frequency QPOs as a consequence of non-linear coupling between
different modes of accretion disk oscillations. The idea has been
pursued in several pa... |
1,314,259,995,740 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Steinberg algebras were independently introduced in \cite{clark2014} and
\cite{steinberg2010} and they are closely related to the constructions in \cite{exel2008}.
Steinberg algebras are algebrai\-sations of Renault's $C^*$-algebras of groupoids
and can be viewed as a model ... |
1,314,259,995,741 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the legacies of every X-ray mission is the production of source catalogues.
They always include a significant fraction of unidentified sources, whose nature remains unknown or controversial for
several years, awaiting further investigations.
This is the case of AX~J1714.1$-$3912, a sour... |
1,314,259,995,742 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\vspace*{-1mm}
With the ever-increasing demand for wireless services along with a need for green communications, spectral efficiency and energy efficiency have become important criteria in the design of future wireless systems. Energy harvesting (EH) cognitive radio \cite{sultan,park1,niyato2014... |
1,314,259,995,743 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-1mm}
For safety assessment and structural health monitoring of infrastructures such as buildings and bridges and their components, their vibrations and deformations need to be recorded and evaluated. Traditional structural sensors such as Linear Variable Displacement Transducers (LVDTs),... |
1,314,259,995,744 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{S1}
The discovery of a relation between the masses of super-massive black holes and the velocity dispersion of the stars in the bulge of their host galaxies \citep{Lynden-Bell1969,Magorrian1998,Ferrarese2000,Haring2004,Gultekin2009,Graham2011} suggests that the formation process of galaxi... |
1,314,259,995,745 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Learning machines aim to find statistical patterns in data that generalize to previously unseen samples \cite{hastie2009elements}. How well they perform in doing so depends on factors such as the size and the nature of the training data set, the complexity of the learning task, and the inductiv... |
1,314,259,995,746 | arxiv |
\section{Derivation of hydrodynamic equations from GHD}
The GHD evolution equation reads as
\begin{equation}
\frac \partial {\partial t} \rho _\mathrm{p} +\frac \partial {\partial z}\left( v^\mathrm{eff} \rho _\mathrm{p}\right) =0
\label{GHD.1}
\end{equation}
and is supplemented by two equations
\begin{eq... |
1,314,259,995,747 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past 15 years, light-matter strong coupling has been studied
extensively with organic materials \cite%
{LidzeyNature1998,FujitaPRB1998,SchouwinkCPL2001,TakadaAPL2003,HolmesPRL2004,%
TischlerPRL2005,MichettiPRB2005,HakalaPRL2009,BellessaPRL2004,DintingerPRB2005,%
GuebrouPRL2012,Ambjornss... |
1,314,259,995,748 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users (Alice and Bob) to establish a secure key by transmitting quantum states through an untrusted channel \cite{Gisin02, Scarani09, Lo14, Diamanti16}. The generated secure key can be further applied in various cryptographic protoco... |
1,314,259,995,749 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of radio-loud quasars are important for investigating some
of the most interesting and fundamental problems of contemporary
astrophysics. The foremost of these is the investigation of causes of
the ``extinction'' of luminous quasars. The space density of luminous
quasars has declin... |
1,314,259,995,750 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The apple industry relies heavily on manual labor. For instance, in the United States alone,
it is estimated that the seasonal labor force needed for apple harvesting is more than 10 million worker hours each year, attributing to about 15\% of the total production costs \cite{gallardo2012}. The... |
1,314,259,995,751 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Numerous binary black hole merger events have now been observed by
gravitational wave detectors
\cite{Abbott:2016blz,TheLIGOScientific:2016pea,LIGOScientific:2018mvr,Green:2017voq,Zackay:2019tzo,Nitz:2018imz,Venumadhav:2019lyq}.
The general features of the gravitational wave s... |
1,314,259,995,752 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect1}
Many important problems in variational analysis and optimization can be modelled by an {inclusion}
$y\in F(x)$, where $F$ is a set-valued mapping.
The behavior of the solution set $F^{-1}(y)$ when $y$ and/or $F$ are perturbed is of special interest.
The concepts of \emph{metric regu... |
1,314,259,995,753 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
The idea of modeling time-to-event data is well established in statistics and widely used in the medical sciences (in the context of survival analysis) and engineering (in the context of reliability analysis). In any of these situations, we are interested in representing... |
1,314,259,995,754 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Large-scale collective pattern formation by self-motile elements is a widely studied phenomenon in physics and biology ~\cite{dombrowski2004self, ballerini2008interaction, katz2011inferring, marchetti2013hydrodynamics, ramaswamy2010mechanics} . A prominent class of such colle... |
1,314,259,995,755 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The present paper is concerned with the derivation and analysis of an asymptotic model for internal capillary-gravity waves. The model incorporates bi-directionality and the physical regime under which the corresponding differential system is derived is compatible with that of established by Benj... |
1,314,259,995,756 | arxiv | \section{Motivation and numerical setup} \label{s:intro}
Various catastrophic collapse events have been proposed to explain the
energies released in a gamma--ray burst (GRB) including compact binary
system mergers \cite{Go86, MH93}, collapsars \cite{Wo93}
and hypernovae \cite{Pa98}. These models all rely on a common e... |
1,314,259,995,757 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Statistical mechanics is a powerful tool for understanding and constructing optimization algorithms. On one hand, disordered systems, such as spin glasses or polymers, prompted the development of new algorithms (simulated annealing \cite{Kirkpatrick671}, cluster algorithms \cite{wolff89}, hysteri... |
1,314,259,995,758 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our aim in this paper is to discuss when the set of those Lipschitz maps which strongly attain their norm is dense in the space of Lipschitz maps. Let us give the necessary definitions. A \emph{pointed metric space} is just a metric space $M$ in which we distinguish an element, called $0$. All a... |
1,314,259,995,759 | arxiv |
\section{I\MakeLowercase{o}T Application Scenario}
\label{sec:iot_example_application}
In Figure~\ref{fig:iot-overview-berlin}, we present an integrated public transport system of Berlin as a representative IoT application scenario.
The components in this scenario are either stationary or mobile.
Vehicles (red and yel... |
1,314,259,995,760 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The relation between the fluctuations occurring in a system at equilibrium and dissipation effects dates back to Einstein \cite{einstein} and his theory on Brownian motion. After that, Nyquist \cite{nyquist} derived a relation between the electrical resistance and voltage fluctuations in linear ... |
1,314,259,995,761 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.15cm}{#1}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1}}
\jot=7pt
\def\,\nabla\kern -0.7em\raise0.2ex\hbox{/}\,\,{\,\nabla\kern -0.7em\raise0.2ex\hbox{/}\,\,}
\def\,y\kern -0.47em /{\,y\kern -0.47em /}
\def\,a\kern -0.49em /{\,a\kern -0... |
1,314,259,995,762 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a positive integer $d$ and a pair of Young diagrams $\lambda,\mu \vdash d,$ we write $\lambda \succeq \mu$ if,
for any $r \geq 1,$ the number of cells in the first $r$ rows of $\lambda$ is at least as large as the number of cells in the
first $r$ rows of $\mu.$ This relation --- which is k... |
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