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Aarhus
Etymology
Etymology Aarhus is a compound of the two Old Norse words; , genitive of ("river", Modern Danish ), and ("mouth") referencing the city's location at the mouth of (Aarhus River).
Aarhus
Spelling
Spelling In Valdemar's Census Book (1231) the city was called Arus, and in Icelandic it was known as , later written as Aars. The spelling "Aarhus" is first found in 1406 and gradually became the norm in the 17th century. With the Danish spelling reform of 1948, "Aa" was changed to "Å". Some Danish cities resisted the ...
Aarhus
History
History
Aarhus
Early history
Early history Founded in the early Viking Age, Aarhus is one of the oldest cities in Denmark, along with Ribe and Hedeby. The original Aros settlement was situated on the northern shores of a fjord by the mouth of the Aarhus River, right where the city center is today. It quickly became a hub for sea-going trade due to...
Aarhus
Middle Ages
Middle Ages thumb|upright=1|Aarhus Cathedral. The cathedral was founded in 1190 and the original version stood finished in the year 1300. The growing influence of the Church during the Middle Ages gradually turned Aarhus, with its bishopric, into a prosperous religious centre. Many public and religious buildings were b...
Aarhus
Industrialisation
Industrialisation right|thumb|View of Aarhus, 1850 Aarhus began to prosper in the 1830s as the industrial revolution reached the city and factories with steam-driven machinery became more productive. In 1838, the electoral laws were reformed leading to elections for the 15 seats on the city council. The rules were init...
Aarhus
Second World War
Second World War thumb|Devastation in the wake of the explosion on 4 July 1944 in the harbour On 9 April 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Denmark, occupying Aarhus the following day; the occupation lasted for five years. This was a destructive period with major disasters, loss of life and economic depression. The Port of Aar...
Aarhus
Post-World War II years
Post-World War II years In the 1970s and 1980s the city entered a period of rapid economic growth and the service sector overtook trade, industry and crafts as the leading sector of employment for the first time. Workers gradually began commuting to the city from most of east and central Jutland as the region became mo...
Aarhus
The 2000s
The 2000s thumb|right|upright=1.5|Urban development in Aarhus city centre, 2013 Since the turn of the millennium, Aarhus has seen an unprecedented building boom with many new institutions, infrastructure projects, city districts and recreational areas. Several of the construction projects are among the largest in Eur...
Aarhus
Geography
Geography thumb|Aerial view of the bay and city Aarhus is located at the Bay of Aarhus facing the Kattegat sea in the east with the peninsulas of Mols and Helgenæs across the bay to the northeast. Mols and Helgenæs are both part of the larger regional peninsula of Djursland. A number of larger cities and towns is withi...
Aarhus
Topography
Topography At Aarhus's location, the Bay of Aarhus provides a natural harbour with a depth of quite close to the shore. Aarhus was founded at the mouth of a brackish water fjord, but the original fjord no longer exists, as it has gradually narrowed into what is now the Aarhus River and the Brabrand Lake, due to natura...
Aarhus
Climate
Climate Aarhus has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), Note:The Köppen World Map is rather course-scaled, and not very useful or precise on scales the size of Denmark. and the weather is constantly influenced by major weather systems from all four ordinal directions, resulting in unstable conditions throughout ...
Aarhus
Politics and administration
Politics and administration thumb|upright=1|Aarhus City Hall from 1942 Aarhus is the seat of Aarhus Municipality, and Aarhus City Council (Aarhus Byråd) is also the municipal government with headquarters in Aarhus City Hall. The Mayor of Aarhus since 2010 is Jacob Bundsgaard of the Social Democrats. Municipal election...
Aarhus
Subdivisions
Subdivisions Aarhus Municipality has 45 electoral wards and polling stations in four electoral districts for the Folketing (national Parliament). The diocese of Aarhus has four deaneries composed of 60 parishes within Aarhus municipality. Aarhus municipality contains 21 postal districts and some parts of another 9. The...
Aarhus
Environmental planning
Environmental planning thumb|Årslev Engsø. The lakes and wetlands of Årslev Engsø and Egå Engsø were re-established in the 2000s to help manage the water cycle. Aarhus has increasingly been investing in environmental planning and, in accordance with national policy, aims to be -neutral and independent of fossil fue...
Aarhus
Demographics
Demographics + Main immigrant groups Nationality Population in 2017 Population in 2023 5,030 5,240 4,554 4,905 4,370 4,362 3,688 3,916 2,577 3,043 2,551 2,578 2,261 2,551 2,235 2,672 2,092 2,591 1,983 2,678 Aarhus has a population of 261,570 on for a density of 2,874/km2 (7,444/sq mi). Aarhus mu...
Aarhus
Economy
Economy thumb|upright=1|Headquarters of Bestseller The economy of Aarhus is predominantly knowledge- and service-based, strongly influenced by the University of Aarhus and the large healthcare industry. The service sector dominates the economy and is growing as the city transitions away from manufacturing. Trade and tr...
Aarhus
Port of Aarhus
Port of Aarhus thumb|upright=1|right|Aarhus Container port The Port of Aarhus is one of the largest industrial ports in northern Europe with the largest container terminal in Denmark, processing more than 50% of Denmark's container traffic and accommodating the largest container vessels in the world. It is a municipa...
Aarhus
Tourism
Tourism thumb|right|Costa Pacifica in the harbour The ARoS Art Museum, the Old Town Museum and Tivoli Friheden are among Denmark's top tourist attractions. With a combined total of almost 1.4 million visitors they represent the driving force behind tourism but other venues such as Moesgård Museum and Kvindemuseet are a...
Aarhus
Research parks
Research parks thumb|Navitas Park, a department of INCUBA Science Park The largest research park in Aarhus is INCUBA Science Park, focused on IT and biomedical research, It is based on Denmark's first research park, Forskerpark Aarhus (Research Park Aarhus), founded in 1986, which in 2007 merged with another research p...
Aarhus
Cityscape
Cityscape Aarhus has developed in stages, from the Viking Age to modern times, all visible in the city today. Many architectural styles are represented in different parts of the city such as Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, National Romantic, Nordic Classicism, Neoclassical, Empire and Functionalism. ...
Aarhus
Developments
Developments In recent years, Aarhus has experienced a large demand in housing and offices, spurring a construction boom in some parts of the city. The newly built city district of Aarhus Ø, formerly docklands, includes major housing developments, mostly consisting of privately owned apartments, designed by architects ...
Aarhus
Landmarks
Landmarks thumb|Åboulevarden, 2016 and 1945, opening of the river thumb|Bispetorv in the historic centre Aarhus Cathedral (Århus Domkirke) in the centre of Aarhus, is the longest and tallest church in Denmark at and in length and height respectively. Originally built as a Romanesque basilica in the 13th century, it w...
Aarhus
Culture
Culture Aarhus is home to many annual cultural events and festivals, museums, theatres, and sports events of both national and international importance, and presents some of the largest cultural attractions in Denmark. There is a long tradition of music from all genres, and many Danish bands have emerged from Aarhus. L...
Aarhus
Museums
Museums thumb|ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum Aarhus has a range of museums, including two of the largest in the country, measured by the number of paying guests, Den Gamle By and ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum. Den Gamle By (The Old Town), officially Danmarks Købstadmuseum (Denmark's Market Town Museum), presents Danish townscapes f...
Aarhus
Libraries and community centres
Libraries and community centres thumb|Dokk1 at the harbour front Public libraries in Denmark are also cultural and community centres. They play an active role in cultural life and host many events, exhibitions, discussion groups, workshops, educational courses and facilitate everyday cultural activities for and by the ...
Aarhus
Performing arts
Performing arts thumb|Aarhus Theatre The city enjoys strong musical traditions, both classical and alternative, underground and popular, with educational and performance institutions such as the concert halls of Musikhuset, the opera of Den Jyske Opera, Aarhus Symfoniorkester (Aarhus Symphony Orchestra) and Det Jyske M...
Aarhus
Events and festivals
Events and festivals thumb|Aarhus Festuge Aarhus hosts many annual or recurring festivals, concerts and events, with the festival of Aarhus Festuge as the most popular and wide-ranging, along with large sports events. Aarhus Festuge is the largest multicultural festival in Scandinavia, always based on a special theme a...
Aarhus
Parks, nature, and recreation
Parks, nature, and recreation thumb|Sandy beaches, such as Bellevue Beach, form most of the coastline. The beech forests of Riis Skov and Marselisborg occupy the hills along the coast to the north and south, and apart from the city centre, sandy beaches form the coastline of the entire municipality. There are two publ...
Aarhus
Food, drink, and nightlife
Food, drink, and nightlife thumb|Aarhus presents a large variety of restaurants Aarhus has a large variety of restaurants and eateries offering food from cultures all over the world, especially Mediterranean and Asian, but also international gourmet cuisine, traditional Danish food and New Nordic Cuisine. Reviews and d...
Aarhus
Local dialect
Local dialect The Aarhus dialect, commonly called Aarhusiansk (Aarhusian in English), is a Jutlandic dialect in the Mid-Eastern Jutland dialect area, traditionally spoken in and around Aarhus. Aarhusian, as with most local dialects in Denmark, has diminished in use through the 20th century and most Danes today speak s...
Aarhus
Sports
Sports thumb|right|upright=1|Sailsports in the Aarhus Bay, 2014 ClubSportLeagueVenue (capacity)FoundedTitlesAttendance Aarhus Gymnastikforening Football Superliga Ceres Park (20,032) 1880 5 23,990 Aarhus GF Håndbold Handball Danish Handball League Ceres Arena (4,700) 2001 9In 2001, A.G.F., Aarhus KFUM, VRI and Brabrand...
Aarhus
Education
Education thumb|right|Aarhus University Aarhus is the principal centre for education in the Jutland region. It draws students from a large area, especially from the western and southern parts of the peninsula. The relatively large influx of young people and students creates a natural base for cultural activities. Aar...
Aarhus
Transport
Transport thumb|upright=1|Aarhus Central Station Aarhus has two ring roads; Ring 1, roughly encircling the central district of Aarhus C, and the outlying Ring 2. Six major intercity motorways radiate from the city centre, connecting with nearby cities Grenå, Randers, Viborg, Silkeborg, Skanderborg and Odder. In the in...
Aarhus
Healthcare
Healthcare thumb|left|Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus is home to Aarhus University Hospital, one of six Danish "Super Hospitals" officially established in 2007 when the regions reformed the Danish healthcare sector. The university hospital is the result of a series of mergers in the 2000s between the local hospitals...
Aarhus
Media
Media thumb|The headquarters of local newspaper Århus Stiftstidende at the central station thumb|The Aarhus Søsterhøj TV tower, height The first daily newspaper to appear in Aarhus was Århus Stiftstidende, established in 1794 as Aarhuus Stifts Adresse-Contoirs Tidender, with a moderately conservative approach. Once on...
Aarhus
International relations
International relations Aarhus is home to 32 consulates: Aarhus practices twinning on the municipal level. For the twin towns, see twin towns of Aarhus Municipality.
Aarhus
Notable people
Notable people
Aarhus
Citations
Citations
Aarhus
Notes
Notes
Aarhus
References
References Publications
Aarhus
Further reading
Further reading
Aarhus
External links
External links Aarhus Kommune Official municipal and city portal Visit Aarhus Official tourist site Category:Cities and towns in the Central Denmark Region Category:Cities and towns in Aarhus Municipality Category:Municipal seats of the Central Denmark Region Category:Municipal seats of Denmark Category:Port citie...
Aarhus
Table of Content
short description, Etymology, Spelling, History, Early history, Middle Ages, Industrialisation, Second World War, Post-World War II years, The 2000s, Geography, Topography, Climate, Politics and administration, Subdivisions, Environmental planning, Demographics, Economy, Port of Aarhus, Tourism, Research parks, Citysca...
Northern cavefish
<ref>{{cite journal
The northern cavefish or northern blindfish (Amblyopsis spelaea) is found in caves through Kentucky and southern Indiana. The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the species as near threatened. The life cycle of northern cavefish includes a protolarval stage. In this stage, eggs and those that have r...
Northern cavefish
References
References Category:Amblyopsidae Category:Cave fish Cavefish, Northern Category:Fish of the United States Category:Fish described in 1842 Category:Taxa named by James Ellsworth De Kay Category:Mammoth Cave National Park
Northern cavefish
Table of Content
<ref>{{cite journal, References
Abatement
Wiktionary
Abatement refers generally to a lessening, diminution, reduction, or moderation; specifically, it may refer to: 421-a tax abatement, property tax exemption in the U.S. state of New York Abatement ab initio, a legal doctrine that, if the accused dies before appeals are exhausted, the conviction gets vacated Abatemen...
Abatement
See also
See also Abate (disambiguation)
Abatement
Table of Content
Wiktionary, See also
Amateur
Short description
thumb|Amateur association football player An amateur () is generally considered a person who pursues an avocation independent from their source of income. Amateurs and their pursuits are also described as popular, informal, self-taught, user-generated, DIY, and hobbyist.
Amateur
History
History Historically, the amateur was considered to be the ideal balance between pure intent, open mind, and the interest or passion for a subject. That ideology spanned many different fields of interest. It may have its roots in the ancient Greek philosophy of amateur athletes competing in the Olympics. The ancient...
Amateur
Amateur athletics
Amateur athletics
Amateur
Olympics
Olympics Through most of the 20th century the Olympics allowed only amateur athletes to participate and this amateur code was strictly enforced, Jim Thorpe was stripped of track and field medals for having taken expense money for playing baseball in 1912. Later on, the nations of the Communist Bloc entered teams of O...
Amateur
Contribution of amateurs
Contribution of amateurs Many amateurs make valuable contributions in the field of computer programming through the open source movement. Amateur dramatics is the performance of plays or musical theater, often to high standards, but lacking the budgets of professional West End or Broadway performances. Astronomy, che...
Amateur
List of amateur pursuits
List of amateur pursuits Amateur astronomy, including a list of notable amateur astronomers Amateur chemistry, including a list of notable amateur chemists Amateur film Amateur geology or rockhounding, including a list of notable amateur geologists Amateur journalism Amateur radio Amateur sports Amateur thea...
Amateur
See also
See also Professional Semi-professional Amateurism in the NCAA Amateur professionalism Hobby List of amateur chess players List of amateur mathematicians List of amateur wrestlers Volunteering
Amateur
References
References
Amateur
Further reading
Further reading * Category:Occupations
Amateur
Table of Content
Short description, History, Amateur athletics, Olympics, Contribution of amateurs, List of amateur pursuits, See also, References, Further reading
Alexis Carrel
short description
thumb|Carrel in 1912 Alexis Carrel (; 28 June 1873 – 5 November 1944) was a French surgeon and biologist who spent most of his scientific career in the United States. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques. He invented the first perfusion pump with C...
Alexis Carrel
Biography
Biography Born in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, Rhône, Carrel was raised in a devout Catholic family and was educated by Jesuits, though he had become an agnostic by the time he became a university student. He studied medicine at the University of Lyon. Working as an intern at a Lyon hospital, he developed a technique for s...
Alexis Carrel
Contributions to science
Contributions to science
Alexis Carrel
Vascular suture
Vascular suture Carrel was a young surgeon who was deeply affected by the 1894 assassination of the French president, Sadi Carnot, who died from a severed portal vein that surgeons believed was irreparable. This tragedy inspired Carrel to develop new techniques for suturing blood vessels, such as the "triangulation" ...
Alexis Carrel
Wound antisepsis
Wound antisepsis During World War I (1914–1918), Carrel and the English chemist Henry Drysdale Dakin developed the Carrel–Dakin method of treating wounds with an antiseptic solution based on chlorine, known as Dakin's solution. This method, which involved wound debridement and irrigation with a high volume of antisep...
Alexis Carrel
Organ transplants
Organ transplants Carrel co-authored a book with pilot Charles Lindbergh, The Culture of Organs. Together, they developed the perfusion pump in the mid-1930s, which made it possible for organs to remain viable outside of the body during surgical procedures. This innovation is considered to be a significant advancemen...
Alexis Carrel
Tissue culture and cellular senescence
Tissue culture and cellular senescence Carrel developed methods to keep animal tissues alive in culture. He was interested in the phenomenon of senescence or aging. He believed that all cells continued to grow indefinitely, which became a widely accepted view in the early 20th century. page 24. In 1912, Carrel began ...
Alexis Carrel
Honors
Honors Carrel was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1909 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1914. Carrel was a member of learned societies in the U.S., Spain, Russia, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Vatican City, Germany, Italy, and Greece, and was elected twice, in 1924 and 192...
Alexis Carrel
''Man, the Unknown'' (1935, 1939)
Man, the Unknown (1935, 1939) right|thumb|upright=0.7 In 1935, Carrel's book, L'Homme, cet inconnu (Man, the Unknown), became a best-seller. The book attempted to comprehensively outline what is known, and unknown, of the human body and human life "in light of discoveries in biology, physics, and medicine", to shed ...
Alexis Carrel
French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems
French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems left|thumb|upright=0.7 In 1937, Carrel joined the Centre d'Etudes des Problèmes Humains, which was led by Jean Coutrot. Coutrot's goal was to develop what he called an "economic humanism" through "collective thinking." However, in 1941, Carrel went on to advocate for...
Alexis Carrel
See also
See also HeLa
Alexis Carrel
Notes
Notes
Alexis Carrel
References
References
Alexis Carrel
Citations
Citations
Alexis Carrel
Cited sources
Cited sources
Alexis Carrel
Further reading
Further reading David Zane Mairowitz. "Fascism à la mode: in France, the far right presses for national purity", Harper's Magazine; 10/1/1997 Terrenoire, Gwen, CNRS. Eugenics in France (1913–1941) : a review of research findings, Joint Programmatic Commission UNESCO-ONG Science and Ethics, 24 March 2003 (Comité de ...
Alexis Carrel
External links
External links including the Nobel Lecture on 11 December 1912 Suture of Blood-Vessels and Transplantation of Organs Research Foundation entitled to Alexis Carrel Time, 16 October 1944 Death of Alexis Carrel, Time, 13 November 1944 Category:1873 births Category:1944 deaths Category:French eugenicists Category...
Alexis Carrel
Table of Content
short description, Biography, Contributions to science, Vascular suture, Wound antisepsis, Organ transplants, Tissue culture and cellular senescence, Honors, ''Man, the Unknown'' (1935, 1939), French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems, See also, Notes, References, Citations, Cited sources, Further reading, Exte...
All Souls' Day
short description
All Souls' Day, also called The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed, is a day of prayer and remembrance for the faithful departed, observed by Christians on 2 November. In Western Christianity, including Roman Catholicism and certain parts of Lutheranism and Anglicanism, All Souls' Day is the third day of Allhal...
All Souls' Day
In other languages
In other languages Known in Latin as Commemoratio Omnium Fidelium Defunctorum, All Souls' Day is known in other Germanic languages as Allerseelen (German), Allerzielen (Dutch), Alla själars dag (Swedish), and Alle Sjæles Dag (Danish); in the Romance languages as Dia de Finados or Dia dos Fiéis Defuntos (Portuguese...
All Souls' Day
Background
Background thumb|Nun visiting a graveyard at All Souls' Day In the Catholic Church, "the faithful" refers essentially to baptized Catholics; "all souls" commemorates the church penitent of souls in purgatory, whereas "all saints" commemorates the church triumphant of saints in heaven. In the liturgical books of the Lat...
All Souls' Day
Observance by Christian denomination
Observance by Christian denomination
All Souls' Day
Western Christianity
Western Christianity thumbnail|All Souls' Day, painting by Jakub Schikaneder, 1888
All Souls' Day
History
History In Western Christianity, there is ample evidence of the custom of praying for the dead in the inscriptions of the catacombs, with their constant prayers for the peace of the souls of the departed and in the early liturgies, which commonly contain commemorations of the dead. Tertullian, Cyprian and other early ...
All Souls' Day
Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism thumb|left|All Saints' Day at Skogskyrkogården in Stockholm. The graves are lighted with votive lights. If 2 November falls on a Sunday, All Souls' Day is observed on that day. In the Liturgy of the hours of All Souls' day the sequence Dies irae can be used ad libitum. Every priest is allowed to cele...
All Souls' Day
All Souls' indulgences
All Souls' indulgences According to the Enchiridion of Indulgences, a plenary indulgence applicable only to the souls in purgatory (commonly called the poor souls) is granted to the faithful who devoutly visit a cemetery (graveyard) and pray for the dead. The plenary indulgence can be gained between the second and nint...
All Souls' Day
Lutheran churches
Lutheran churches A graveyard outside a Lutheran church in the Swedish city of Röke during Allhallowtide|250px|thumb|right Among continental Lutherans, its tradition has been more tenaciously maintained. During Luther's lifetime, All Souls' Day was widely observed in Saxony although the Roman Catholic meaning of the da...
All Souls' Day
Anglican Communion
Anglican Communion right|thumb|All Souls Anglican Church in the Diocese of Sydney, a parish dedicated to All Souls In the Church of England it is called The Commemoration of the Faithful Departed and is an optional celebration; Anglicans view All Souls' Day as an extension of the observance of All Saints' Day and it s...
All Souls' Day
Reformed churches
Reformed churches Certain Reformed (Continental Reformed, Presbyterian, and Congregationalist) churches observe All Souls Day. In All Souls Day observances by the Reformed Churches, the theological doctrine of "the Christian belief in bodily resurrection and eternal life" is emphasized, along with a remembrance of the ...
All Souls' Day
Methodist churches
Methodist churches In the Methodist Church, saints refer to all Christians and therefore, on All Saints' Day, the Church Universal, as well as the deceased members of a local congregation are honoured and remembered. In Methodist congregations that celebrate the liturgy on All Souls' Day, the observance, as with Anglic...
All Souls' Day
Eastern Catholic, Eastern Lutheran and Eastern Orthodox
Eastern Catholic, Eastern Lutheran and Eastern Orthodox right|thumb|Kollyva offerings of boiled wheat blessed liturgically on Soul Saturday (Psychosabbaton) Saturday of Souls (or Soul Saturday) is a day set aside for the commemoration of the dead within the liturgical year of the Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Lutheran and...
All Souls' Day
Radonitsa
Radonitsa Another Memorial Day in the East, Radonitsa, does not fall on a Saturday, but on either Monday or Tuesday of the second week after Pascha (Easter).S. V. Bulgakov, Handbook for Church Servers, 2nd ed., 1274 pp. (Kharkov, 1900), pp. 586–589. Tr. by Archpriest Eugene D. Tarris © 2007. Radonitsa does not have sp...
All Souls' Day
East Syriac tradition
East Syriac tradition East Syriac churches including the Syro Malabar Church and Chaldean Catholic Church commemorates the feast of departed faithful on the last Friday of Epiphany season (which means Friday just before start of Great Lent). The season of Epiphany remembers the revelation of Christ to the world. Each F...
All Souls' Day
Popular customs
Popular customs On All Souls Day, Christians of various denominational backgrounds, including Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans and Methodists, among others, often help one another clean the graves of cemeteries, along with adorning them with flowers. The General Secretary of the Church of North India described the ecu...
All Souls' Day
Europe
Europe All Souls' Day is celebrated in many European countries with vigils, candles, the decoration of graves, and special prayers as well as many regional customs. Examples of regional customs include leaving cakes for departed loved ones on the table and keeping the room warm for their comfort in Tirol and the custom...
All Souls' Day
Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent thumb|A Christian woman in India decorates a grave with flower petals In the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh), Christians hold prayer services in which they pray for the faithful departed, especially remembering their loved ones. Christians of various denominations visit cemeteri...
All Souls' Day
Philippines
Philippines In the Philippines, Hallow mas is variously called "Undás", "Todos los Santos" (Spanish, "All Saints"), and sometimes "Araw ng mga Patay / Yumao" (Tagalog, "Day of the dead / those who have passed away"), which incorporates All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by vis...
All Souls' Day
See also
See also Purgatorial society Guild of All Souls Zaduszki Flowering Sunday Cemetery Sunday Totensonntag
All Souls' Day
References
References
All Souls' Day
Citations
Citations