id stringlengths 15 156 ⌀ | content stringlengths 1 234k ⌀ |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_48_2.txt | 7.9 6.3 5.0 21.7
(5) Lactate release (J s−1) 4.1 ± 1.2 11.4 ± 2.1 17.1 ± 2.6 19.0 ± 2.9 18.2 ± 2.7 18.4 ± 2.4 14.7 ± 2.2
Σ(1–5) Total metabolic input (J s−1) 133.8 224.1 204.6 206.0 |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_6_0.txt | One strategy to prevent body temperature from rising is getting more blood to the skin, which is people’s faces flush during an intense workout. If you exercise in an already hot environment, the difference between body temperature and room temperature is small, and your heart needs to work harder trying to get more bl... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_62_3.txt | Molecular Physiology
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
American Journal of Physiology (1898-1976)
Physiological Genomics
Journal of Applied Physiology
Journal of Neurophysiology
Advances in Physiology Education
Physiologica... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_3_6.txt | muscle is thus capable of producing maximal tension at lower temperatures
than is mammalian muscle and its rate processes are less temperature sensitive, at least
in regard to twitch kinetics. However, the distinction between the thermal
dependence of saurian and mammalian muscle function is much less clear (Bennett,
... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_4_5.txt | Putnam & Bennett, 1982). One possible explanation for this response is
insufficient ca2+ release into fibres at higher temperatures. This is evidently not the
case, however, as activation heat, which represents the energetic cost of ca2+ release
and removal, is thermally independent, indicating no deficiency of release... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_47_0.txt | There are several possible mechanisms explaining our observation at the onset of exercise of progressive increasing rate of heat production during generally maintained power output. One likely explanation is based on Wilkie's work in the 1960 s (Wilkie, 1968) and that of Woledge & Reilly (1988). They studied the heat p... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_43_0.txt | The high rate of Tmu increase in the early stages of exercise is consistent with previous studies (1, 3, 24,25). Aulick et al. (3) showed, at the beginning of exercise, that heat gained by the leg (local metabolic heat production plus vascular heat delivery from the viscera) exceeded heat loss, and femoral vein blood t... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_8_0.txt | With the use of aseptic technique and under ultrasound guidance, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle were anesthetized to a maximum depth of 50 mm by infiltrating ∼2 ml of 1% lidocaine without epinephrine. The tip of this 25-gauge needle was placed at the proposed site for the deep temperature probe. Under full u... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_26_1.txt | 38°C. V̇O2 was then converted into moles of ATP assuming a P:O ratio of 3.0 throughout exercise. Resting V̇O2 was subtracted from exercise V̇O2 to compare aerobic heat liberation to total energy turnover. Net PCr hydrolysis and lactate accumulation estimations per 30 s interval are based on the initial and final biops... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_5_0.txt | Tissue temperature at any given time is ultimately determined by the relative rates of heat production and heat loss. For example, regional Tmu at any point in time is the result of regional differences in metabolic rate (9), conductive heat loss to adjacent tissue (9, 10), and deep and peripheral convective blood flow... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_1_2.txt | Abstract
We hypothesised that heat production of human skeletal muscle at a given high power output would gradually increase as heat liberation per mole of ATP produced rises when energy is derived from oxidation compared to phosphocreatine (PCr) breakdown and glycogenolysis.
Five young volunteers performed 180 s of in... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_53_0.txt | The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_42_0.txt | Oxygen consumption and lactate release
Thigh V̇O2 increased in a curvilinear fashion from 0.055 ± 0.023 mmol s−1 immediately before exercise to 0.464 ± 0.035 mmol s−1 at the end of exercise, with one-half of the increase occurring during the first 28 ± 3 s (Fig. 9A). Net lactate release from the thigh increased from 0.... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_39_0.txt | The kinetics of heat load generation at rest, over the 15 min of exercise, and over the first 10 min of recovery are presented in Fig.5. The corresponding evolution of dry heat loss is also shown. Thus during the 5 min preceding exercise, the dry heat loss defined relative to heat load, that is, minus the resting level... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_2_2.txt | . Number of observations given in parentheses. Data from
summary by Bennett (1984). For details of abbreviations see legend to Fig. 1.
Temperature and muscle 337
natural conditions. Such a pattern of thermal dependence does not appear particularly
adaptive. To what extent has there been adjustment to minimize the therm... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_6.txt | fibers from the dorsal longitudinal muscle of Lethocerus
maxemus. Biophys. Struct. Mech. 6, 1-29.
LICHT, P. (1964). A comparative study of the thermal dependence of contractility in saurian skeletal muscle.
Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 13,27-34.
MARSH, R. L. & BENNETT, A. F. (1985). Thermal properties of isotonic contracti... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_21_1.txt | of the subject for the exercise portion of the experimental trial. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_0_0.txt |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_51_2.txt | . Nakagawa, A. Ratkevicius, M. Mizuno & B. Quistorff, unpublished observations). Finally, the possibility cannot be excluded that the non-crossbridge ATPase activity could contribute to the observed elevated heat production (Barclay et al. 1993; Barclay, 1996). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_0_0.txt | J. exp. Biol. 115,333-344 (1985)
Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1985
TEMPERATURE AND MUSCLE
BY ALBERT F. BENNETT
School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 9271 7,
USA.
SUMMARY
Rates of force development, contraction and relaxation of vertebrate
skeletal musc... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_36_1.txt | during the last 5 s of exercise (Fig. 7). The decline in Hs was less than the elevation in Hr, especially during the first 60–75 s of exercise, in keeping with an increased heat production during the exercise (Fig. 7). The rate of heat production was 70 ± 10 J s−1 during the first 5 s of the exercise, and approached a... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_33_0.txt | Enlarge table
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Mean (±SD) heat load (⊙) and dry heat loss (⟐) responses during baseline resting, exercise, and postexercise recovery. Vertical dotted lines represent the start (time = 0 min) and end (time = 15 min) of exercise. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_41_0.txt | Mechanical efficiency
With heat production doubling over the 180 s of the exercise while power output was in essence constant (Fig. 8C), the estimated mechanical efficiency declined from an initial value of 53 ± 6 % to 36 ± 5 % at the end of exercise (P < 0.05). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_15_0.txt | Both shivering and burning fat consume calories, and studios that hold workout classes at 7⁰C have begun to appear, with the idea that they can help people lose weight. Researchers from Spain found that exposure to a progressively cold environment can increase energy expenditure by up to 30%, which corresponds to aroun... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_53_0.txt | Go to:
Acknowledgments
Special thanks are given to the subjects in this study. The excellent engineering assistance of Flemming Jensen is acknowledged. The authors also thank Markus Novak (Rigshospitalet) for his work collecting the MRI scans. This study was supported by a grant from The Danish National Research Founda... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_6_1.txt | 2.3%, respectively. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_6_2.txt | (V, = 4.3 ms-I; f = 13.5 s-'; V,,, = 20.1 lengths s-I; W,, = 505 W kg-'). Data from
Marsh & Bennett (1985).
Temperature and muscle 343
vivo performance (Clarke, Hellon & Lind, 1958; Petrofsky & Lind, 1969; Edwardset
al. 1972) and in isolated muscle (Petrofsky & Lind, 1981; Segal & Faulkner, 1982).
Endurance declines a... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_4.txt | ary temperature adaptation and the calcium regulation of
fish actomyosin ATPases.J. comp. Physiol. 129, 169-177.
JOHNSTON, I. A,, WALESBY, N. J., DAVISON, W. & GOLDSPINK, G.(1977). Further studies on the adaptation of
fish myofibrillar ATPases to different cell temperatures. PJiigers Arch. ges. Physiol. 371, 257-262.
J... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_6.txt | 690–761. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Curtin NA, Woledge RC. Efficiency of energy conversion during shortening of muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Journal of Experimental Biology. 1991;158:343–353. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Curtin NA, Woledge RC. Efficiency of energy conversion during sinusoidal movem... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_46_2.txt | Furthermore, in the present experimental conditions with no or small temperature gradients between muscle and skin during the first 30 s of exercise, the additional heat loss to the skin by convection and conductance as well as to the body core by lymph drainage amounted to < 3 % of total heat production. Taken togeth... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_1_6.txt |
in the data is high, due to such factors as the diversity of animals examined, differing
fibre type composition of the muscles and different measurement techniques, the
pattern is clear. As in the lizard muscle, rate processes in general are thermally
dependent with Qlo values of approximately 2, tetanic tension has a... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_0.txt | to fatigue, of the quadriceps muscle in man. J. Physiol., Lond. 220, 335-352,
FORD, L. E., HUXLEY, A. F. & SIMMONS, R. M. (1977). Tension responses to sudden length changes in
stimulated frog muscle fibres near slack length. J. Physiol., Lond. 269, 441-515.
GLEESON, T. T., PUTNAM, R. W. & BENNEIT, A. F. (1980). Hist |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_42_1.txt | effect was not observed earlier by Saltin et al. (24). In that case, it was noted that both mid- and superficial Tmu remained generally lower than deep Tmu. Similarly, superficial Tmu remained lower than mid-Tmu, whereas the temperature gradient between mid- and deep muscle seemed to remain relatively constant through... |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_30_1.txt | reached 0.14-0.19°C over the same time interval (P < 0.05; Fig. 5A). At the end of the 3 min exercise bout, the temperature rise ranged between 0.89 and 1.03°C in v.l., v.m. and r.f. In two additional experiments in which thermistors were placed in the v.i. portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle and in the tensor fa... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_32_0.txt | Enlarge table
Table 2. Mean (±SD) rate of change of esophageal and muscle (Tmu 10, Tmu 25, and Tmu 40) temperatures during exercise and postexercise recovery |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_31_1.txt | °C/min). This value was significantly higher than the rate measured in deep muscle (0.22 ± 0.09°C/min). After the initial 3 min of exercise, the rate of Tmu change decreased gradually and was similar at all three intramuscular sites until the end of exercise. Exercise resulted in a 0.55°C (end-exercise Tes of 37.35°C) ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_50_0.txt | We acknowledge the technical support of Carolyn Proulx and Normand Boulé. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_4_1.txt | not been substantial. Muscle from poikilotherms still has a
marked thermal dependence and rate processes are often faster at temperatures above
those normally encountered. Lack of acclimation of these properties in individual
animals further points to a lack of plasticity in these systems in regard to temperature
adju... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_8.txt | ROFSKY, J.S. & LIND, A. R. (1969). Insulative power of body fat on deep muscle temperatures and isometric
endurance.J. appl. Physiol. 39,629-642.
PETROFSKY, J. S. & LIND, A. R. (1981). The influence of temperature on the isometric characteristics of fast and
slow muscle of the cat. Ppiigers Arch. ges. Physiol. 389, 149... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_20_0.txt | Calculations (see Fig. 2)
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is tjp0524-0603-f2.jpg
Figure 2
Schematic model used for calculation of total energy turnover
Ta and Tv, arterial and venous temperature. Tv-a, venous-arterial temperature difference. ΔTm, mean increase in temperature of all... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_30_3.txt | during the first 120 s of exercise (Figs 5A and and6B),6B), but was at the end elevated by 0.19°C (range 0.13-0.42°C). Half of this elevation occurred during the last 30 s of exercise (Fig. 5A). In the additional experiments, it was observed that anterior thigh subcutaneous tissue temperature and hamstrings temperatu... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_30_0.txt | Download figureDownload PowerPoint |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_12_0.txt | Definitions of anatomical cross-sections were performed manually and the area calculations made using NIH Image software (Rasband & Bright, 1995). The proximal portion of the patella was considered as the zero-reference slice for all the subjects. The volume of the compartments was calculated as the sum of each anatomi... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_1_0.txt | Daniel Muniz
Senior Lecturer, Exercise Physiology, University of Hertfordshire |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_3_3.txt | nan', antarctic (open circles); Cottus bubalis, North Sea (open triangles). Warm-adapted species:
Dascyllus aruanus (filled circles) and Pomatocentrus pulchem'mus (filled squares), both tropical.
Note log axis of enzyme activity. Data from Johnston & Walesby (1979).
Temperature and muscle 339
It should be emphasized, h... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_4_2.txt | patterns of thermal
dependence are not well understood. The pronounced thermal dependence of
contractile rate processes are expected, as several of the steps underlying contraction
and relaxation are enzymatically catalysed and have rates with Qlo values of 2.0 or
more. For instance, strong thermal dependencies have b... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_37_1.txt | and core. Of note, the deep muscle-to-core temperature gradient remained relatively unchanged for the duration of the recovery period (∼0.02°C). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_27_0.txt | Statistics
A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test significance over time. When the F value was significant, pairwise differences were identified using Tukey's honestly significant difference post hoc procedure. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Data are presented as mea... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_10_0.txt | Increasing muscle temperature can increase flexibility and reduce the risk of injury. But a hot environment does not necessarily mean increased muscle temperature. |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_2_2.txt | dissipation from dynamically contracting muscles consists of heat transfer to the core of the body (limb blood flow × v-a temperature difference according to the Fick principle) and to surrounding tissues or environment. Heat conductance through tissues in the human body is a slow process (Hensel & Bock, 1955) and in ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_13_0.txt | When it is really cold, the heat produced by your muscles is not enough to maintain a core temperature at 37⁰C. The body has ways to cope with extreme cold environments, such as shivering. Shivering is essentially muscles contracting to produce heat, not movement. As with any muscle contraction, shivering requires ener... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_43_0.txt | An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is tjp0524-0603-f9.jpg
Figure 9
Oxygen consumption (A) and lactate release (B) during exercise
Data are means ±s.e.m. for 5 subjects. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_4_1.txt | out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Subjects gave written informed consent before participating. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_29_0.txt | Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Mean (±SE) core-to-muscle temperature gradient (○, deep muscle to core; □, midmuscle to core; ▵, superficial muscle to core) (A) and intramuscular temperature gradients (✳, deep muscle to midmuscle; ◊, deep muscle to superficial muscle; ▿, midmuscle to superficial muscle) (B). Vertical dotted lines repr... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_8_0.txt | Both ways of keeping the body under 40⁰C add an extra burden on the heart. As a result, cardio workouts are more difficult in hot environments and endurance performance is decreased in hot environments. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_50_3.txt | Richardson et al. 1998; Ray & Dudley, 1998). The rapid increase in muscle temperature in all the locations in the knee-extensor muscles after the first contractions is consistent with this notion. The glycogen depletion pattern reveals a recruitment of all fibre types at this intensity of exercise (Bangsbo et al. 1992... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_26_0.txt | Download figureDownload PowerPoint |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_39_1.txt | exponentially to a level ∼1.0 kJ/min above initial resting values and remained elevated for the next 10 min. The heat production, on the other hand, increased to 17.08 kJ/min after 2 min of exercise and continued to rise at a rate of ∼0.78 kJ/min for the next 13 min to a maximum heat production of 27.71 kJ/min. Immedi... |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_54_0.txt | First published February 21, 2003;10.1152/japplphysiol.01107.2002 |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_2_0.txt | Disclosure statement
The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_16.txt | [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Saugen E, Vøllested NK. Metabolic heat production during fatigue from voluntary repetitive isometric contractions in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1996;81:1323–1330. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Sinclair AS, Montain SJ, Matott RP, Zientara GP, Jolesz FA, Fielding RA. Effects of creatine... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_15_3.txt | . The flexible venflon catheter was left in place to provide protection for the thermistor probe. The thermistor probes and the venflon catheters were fastened to the skin with tape. Due to the difficulty reaching the vastus intermedius (v.i.) muscle, which is located underneath the rectus femoris (Fig. 1A), thermistor... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_25_0.txt | Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Mean (±SE) muscle temperature profile during baseline resting (●), Ex (□), end-exercise (End Ex; ■), and postexercise (post-Ex; ▵) recovery at selected periods as a function of the placement of the temperature sensors relative to the radius of the thigh. r, Radius (cm); r sk, radius of the thigh (cm);r/... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_15_2.txt | 60 deg) with respect to the length direction of the muscle fibres were used when the thermistors were inserted. This minimised their movement, reduced the risk of damaging the muscle or the thermistors and minimised the discomfort of subjects. Three thermistors were inserted in the vastus lateralis (v.l., proximal, me... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_2_2.txt | the tip. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured as an index of core temperature. Subjects rested in an upright seated position for 60 min in an ambient condition of 22°C. They then performed 15 min of isolated bilateral knee extensions (60% of V˙o 2 sp) on a Kin-Com, followed by 60 min of recovery. Resting Tes was ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_40_0.txt | An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is tjp0524-0603-f8.jpg
Figure 8
Mechanical power output during dynamic knee-extensor exercise
Mean values for mechanical work per kick (A) and the kicking frequency (B) as well as the mean power output over 30 s intervals (C) for n = 5. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_8_2.txt | femoral artery and femur. The probe assembly was secured to the skin with sterile, waterproof transparent dressing (3M 1622W Tegaderm transparent dressing) and tape (total surface coverage ∼25 cm2). The Tegaderm transparent dressing consists of a thin polyurethane membrane coated with a layer of an acrylic adhesive. T... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_48_0.txt | Table 2
Muscle energetics during 3 min of intense dynamic kneeextension exercise
Time interval (s)
Energy source 0–30 30–60 60–90 90–120 120–150 150–180 0–180
(1) Oxygen consumption (J s−1) 57.6 ± 7.5 132.8 ± 9.7 168.0 ± 16.9 176.8 ± 22.0 182.0 ± 22.6 196.7 ± 19.6 152.3 |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_15_0.txt | On the morning of the experiment, subjects arrived after a light breakfast. Three catheters were placed by the Seldinger technique at the level of the inguinal ligament. In the resting leg, a catheter was placed in the femoral artery for blood sampling. In the exercising leg, catheters were placed in both the femoral v... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_31_3.txt | led by an increase in nonevaporative heat loss (i.e., Fig.5). Forearm skin blood flow increased continuously during the course of the exercise. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_15_1.txt | equivalent (in kJ/l O2) for fat.
The minute values were summed for the entire period as described above. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_4_4.txt | probably be no more successful than previous
attempts to elucidate controlling reactions of biochemical pathways by measurement
of Arrhenius activation energies.
Twitch tension is generally maximal at 0-20°C, depending on species and muscle
type, and declines at higher temperatures. In some sense, the muscle is not as... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_38_1.txt | as a result of the exercise was 391.73 ± 38.93 kJ. The average total dry heat loss during the exercise period was 15.93 ± 5.98 kJ, whereas, during the 60 min of postexercise recovery, this value was 37.90 ± 18.80 kJ. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_12_0.txt |
Working out in the heat can improve endurance in the heat, but that’s about all. Klemen K. Misic/Shutterstock
Cold workouts
In the cold, your body is hotter than the surrounding environment and can easily get rid of the heat produced in the muscles during exercise. This stops the temperature of the body from increasin... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_3_0.txt | Interspecz$c compan'sons
Studies comparing species naturally exposed to different thermal regimes show a
different pattern of adjustment of muscle function over evolutionary time. In lizards,
species with lower activity temperatures have lower Qlo values for TPT, 112 RT and
dpo/dt and faster twitch responses measured a... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_51_0.txt | This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to G. P. Kenny). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_19.txt | [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_10.txt | , A. F. (1982). Thermal dependence of isometric contractile properties of lizard
musc1e.J. comp. Physiol. 147, 11-20.
PUTNAM, R. W., GLEESON, T. T. & BENN~, A. F. (1980). Histochemical determination of the fiber
composition of locomotory muscles in a lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. J. exp. Zool. 214, 303-309.
RALL, J. R.... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_1_2.txt | 1984) is
1.2 between 20 and 30°C. Maximal Po is attained at 40°C. Twitch tension (P,) is
maximal at 15"C, declining at higher temperatures (Rlo = 0.62 between 20 and
30°C).
Force and its rate of development thus have very different thermal sensitivities in this
lizard. Nearly maximal muscular performance is obtained a... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_18_0.txt | The subject performed the 3 min knee-extensor exercise with the right leg in a recumbent position at a mean power output of 83 ± 9 W (mean kicking frequency of 1.03 ± 0.02 s−1) for 3 min. The work was close to exhaustive for the subject. During exercise, the left leg was resting. Over a period of 30 s prior to the volu... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_41_1.txt | recorded internal temperature. The differences in the specific heat of these tissues, as well as the differing blood flow and hence the convective effect within these structures, influence the rates of temperature change in adjacent regions of the muscle. Therefore, consistent placement of the probe is critical. Thus ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_24_0.txt | The Tmu profiles, expressed as a function of the position of the placement of the temperature relative to the radius of the thigh (r/r sk), show a parabolic profile for mean resting tissue temperature profile (Fig.2). This parabolic form of Tmu profile was observed consistently in the data of all seven subjects (Fig. 3... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_62_0.txt | We recommend
Postexercise hypotension causes a prolonged perturbation in esophageal and active muscle temperature recovery
Glen P. Kenny et al., American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2006
Metabolic heat production during fatigue from voluntary repetitive isometric contract... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_38_2.txt | ), which represents a maximum of 10 % of Ht (22726 J; range 16612–33878 J) or 6 % of Et (37652 J; range 31650–44769 J). When including Ha, Ht during the last 5 s of exercise was twice as high as that observed during the first 5 s of exercise (P < 0.05) (Fig. 7), with half of the increase occurring during the first 38 ±... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_32_0.txt | An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is tjp0524-0603-f5.jpg
Figure 5
Temperature and thigh blood flow during intense dynamic knee-extensor exercise
A, mean values (n = 5) for temperature increases in the rectus femoris (r.f.; 2 sites), vastus medialis (v.m.; 1 site) and vastus lateralis... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_0_6.txt | isotonic, are greatly
accelerated by increasing temperature, even up to 44°C. In isometric twitch, the rates
of both tension development (measured as the inverse of time-to-peak tension, TPT) |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_44_0.txt | Go to:
DISCUSSION
The major finding of this study was that heat production by contracting human skeletal muscle doubled over 3 min of intense dynamic exercise at essentially constant power output. Half of this increase in rate of heat production occurred during the first 38 s of exercise. This elevated heat production ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_34_1.txt | .06 and 37.21 ± 0.08°C, respectively. The rate of rise in oesophageal temperature (Toes) was only slightly lower than that of femoral artery temperature, reaching a value of 37.1 ± 0.1°C at the end of exercise (Fig. 5B). The observation that the rise in Toes (index of body core or central blood temperature) throughout ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_2.txt | �strand I. Aerobic work capacity in men and women with special reference to age. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1960;49(suppl. 169):67–158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bangsbo J, Gollnick PD, Graham TE, Juel C, Kiens B, Mizuno M, Saltin B. Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit debt relationship during exhaustive ex... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_44_2.txt | study, muscle-to-skin temperature gradient remained elevated during the course of the exercise by ∼5.2°C, and skin blood flow and sweat rate increased gradually during the course of the exercise. Furthermore, it has previously been shown that, during leg work, the inactive upper limbs also act as an avenue for vascula... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_14_0.txt | The total energy expended (Mtotal) as a result of exercise, during the period from onset of exercise until the time at whichV˙o 2 returned to preexercise values, was calculated from the sum of the energy expended by using the following equation (expressed in kJ) |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_7_0.txt | In each trial, esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured by using a thermocouple temperature probe (Mallinckrodt Medical) inserted through a nostril, into the esophagus, to the level of the heart. Regional Tmu of the vastus medialis was measured by using a flexible multithermocouple temperature probe (Physitemp Instrum... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_13_2.txt | of exercise, as described above, consisting of bilateral, concentric knee extension over a range of 70° from perpendicular against a dynamic resistance sufficient to elicit a heat load of 4.78 kJ/kg. Exercise was followed by 60 min of seated rest. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_3_2.txt | &
Walesby, 1977, 1979). In both fish and lizards, evolutionary adaptation to temperature has evidently proceeded with both a shift (translation) and rotation of the
rate-temperature curve.
r I I I I I i
0 10 20 30
Temperature ("C)
Fig. 4. Activity of MgZ+, Caz+-activated actomyosin ATPase from teleost fish adapted to ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_6_6.txt | . 107, 33-37.
BINKHORST, R. A., HOO~D, L. & VISSERS, A. C. A. (1977). Temperature and force-velocity relationship of
human musc1es.J. appl. Physiol. 42,471-475.
BLINKS, J. R., RODEL, R. & TAYLOR, S. R. (1978). Calcium transients in isolated amphibian skeletal muscle
fibres: detection with aequ0rin.J. Phys |
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