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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_0_2.txt | Mechanical performance of muscle is greatly influenced by temperature, as are
most biological processes. Maximal forces developed by muscles and their rates
of force generation, contraction, relaxation and power output are all altered when
body temperature varies. As these muscular forces and rate processes underlie
be... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_31_2.txt | Tmu 10, Tmu 25, and Tmu 40 measurement points, respectively, with end-exercise values similar at all three measured sites (i.e., 38.23, 38.23, and 38.21°C for Tmu 10, Tmu 25, and Tmu 40, respectively). T̄sk increased continuously during exercise to an end-exercise value that was significantly elevated above baseline r... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_6_4.txt | aphysiol. scand. 10, 1-22.
BARANY, M. (1967). ATPase activity of myosin correlated with speed of muscle shortening. J. gen. Physiol. 50,
197-218.
BENDALL, J. R. (1964). The myofibrillar ATPase activity of various animals in relation to ionic strength and
temperature. In Biochemistry ofMuscle Contraction, (ed. J. Gergel... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_35_0.txt | As depicted in Fig. 2, the tissue temperature profile evolved from a parabolic form typical of resting to a linear profile during the early stages of exercise. By the end of exercise, Tmu values across the radial axis were homogenous. As such, the large temperature gradient between the deep and superficial muscle was r... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_1_4.txt | muscle function in Dipsosaums?
Qlo and Rlo values measured approximately between 20 and 30°C from all other
studies available on vertebrate skeletal muscle are given in Fig. 2. Most of these
-
20
:, /, lG/:7
OD
5 A en Z
= 10 200 *
;
2 -3
0 0
10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
Temperature ("C)
Fig. 1. Contractile performance of t... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_3_7.txt | - |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_38_1.txt | heat transfer to the thigh skin through convection was estimated to be zero at the beginning of exercise, increasing progressively throughout exercise to a value of 12 ± 4 J s−1. Heat transfer to the body core via the lymph might amount to a maximum of 6 J s−1. Therefore, during the first 5 s of exercise, Ha was negli... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_25_0.txt | equation image (5)
Rate of heat production Total rate of heat production (Ht) was calculated by adding the rate of heat storage in the active muscles, the rate of heat removal by the blood and the rate of heat transfer to the skin by conductance and convection as well as to the body core by the lymph drainage:
equation... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_37_0.txt | The temperature gradient between the different depths of muscle remained relatively unchanged during the postexercise recovery period, despite a slow decay in Tmu. The muscle-to-core temperature gradient decreased gradually over the course of the recovery. At ∼25 min into recovery, Tmu at all depths achieved similar va... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_3_0.txt | Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify energy liberation at the onset of and during short intense dynamic exercise by continuously measuring the rate of heat production and power output by the knee-extensors. This was done to test the hypothesis that in man the efficiency of conversion of chemical energy to mechan... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_5_1.txt | exercise recovery. In contrast to the findings of previous studies, we hypothesized that the tissue temperature profile will be consistent among subjects as the probe position is standardized within the muscle of all subjects. Furthermore, in conjunction with a postexercise decrease in heat loss, subsequent to a decrea... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_5_7.txt | have been reported in
other studies on rate-dependent performance cited above. This lower thermal
dependence of behavioural performance compared to that of isolated muscle function |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/Shivering_1.txt | Biological basis[edit]
Located in the posterior hypothalamus near the wall of the third ventricle is an area called the primary motor center for shivering. This area is normally inhibited by signals from the heat center in the anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area but is excited by cold signals from the skin and spinal c... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_7_1.txt | 2.5F) via a custom-made interface to a Macintosh Performa computer using a MacLab 8:s data acquisition system (ADInstruments, Sydney, Australia). The data sampling frequency was 100 Hz. Before and during the second 3 min exercise bout, femoral venous blood flow (index of thigh blood flow; TBF) was measured at rest, dur... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_12_1.txt | for skin, and 1.045 for soft tissue; von Döbeln, 1956). The anatomical compartments investigated were: (1) quadriceps plus tensor fasciae latae muscles (active during knee-extensor exercise), (2) hamstring, sartorious and adductor muscles complex (inactive), (3) bone (femur) and (4) skin, subcutaneous fat and connecti... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_36_2.txt | of the postexercise recovery period remained significantly elevated above baseline resting values by 0.92, 1.05, and 1.77°C for Tmu 10, Tmu 25, and Tmu 40, respectively (P <0.05) (Fig.1). T̄sk and whole body nonevaporative heat loss decreased to baseline resting values within ∼20–25 min of recovery. Similarly, forearm... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_7.txt | iol. (in press).
MI~TENTHAL, J. E. (1975). A sliding filament model for skeletal muscle: dependence of isometric dynamics on
temperature and sarcomere length. J. theor. Bwl. 52, 1-16.
PETROFSKY, J. S., BURSE, R. L. & LIND, A. R. (1981). The effect of deep muscle temperature on the
cardiovascular responses of man to sta... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_19_1.txt | . 1992). After each experiment all thermistors were immediately calibrated within the temperature range 35–40°C against a mercury thermometer having a precision of 0.01°C. The response time of the thermistors in the muscles and in the blood vessels, being Teflon imbedded, was ≤ 0.8 s. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_12_0.txt | Oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) was determined by open-circuit analysis by using an automated gas-collection system (Quinton Instrument, Seattle, WA; model Q-Plex 1 cardiopulmonary exercise system). Skin blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler velocimetry (PeriFlux System 5000, main control unit; PF5010 LDPM, operating uni... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_55_0.txt | Download PDF
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Journal of Applied Physiology 94 6 cover image
Volume 94Issue 6
June 2003
Pages 2350-2357 |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_36_3.txt | loss and thigh skin temperature remained significantly elevated from preexercise values for the duration of the recovery period (P < 0.05). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_1_7.txt | a problem to measure the amount of oxygen used by a specific muscle or muscle group. To, at least in part, overcome this problem the one-legged knee-extensor exercise model was developed, confining the dynamic contractions largely to the quadriceps muscle (Andersen et al. 1985; Ray & Dudley, 1998; Richardson et al. 19... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_17.txt | . [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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Wilkie DR. Thermodynamics and interpretations of biological heat measurements. Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_9_0.txt | Under the present experimental conditions (non-steady state), the reference blood temperature increased 0.05-0.09°C during the 20 s of infusion. Furthermore, although venous blood temperature was restored in less than 1 s upon termination of the infusion period, repeated blood flow measurements reduced the venous blood... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_1_3.txt | its maximal value at this
temperature. Exposure to low temperatures greatly retards the speed of muscle
contraction in Dipsosaums. This dependence may restrict locomotory responses at low
body temperature: the speed of limb movement during burst escape speed in this lizard is
limited by the time course of the muscle t... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_9.txt | H, editor. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press; 1973. pp. 1–43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_28_0.txt | Go to:
RESULTS
Pre-exercise thermal equilibration
The use of a water-perfused jacket was quite successful in equalising temperatures at ∼37.0°C within the thigh before the exercise (see Fig. 3). This was true for the various muscles except for the hamstrings. At the start of the exercise, the hamstrings had a slightly ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_48_1.txt | ± 15.3
(2) Net PCr hydrolysis (J s−1)a 27.0 15.0 6.3 1.7 0.8 0.3 8.6
(3) Net ATP hydrolysis (J s−1)b 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
(4) Lactate accumulation (J s−1)a 40.6 64.3 12.6 |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_1_1.txt | Apr 15; 524(Pt 2): 603–615.
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00603.x
PMCID: PMC2269891
PMID: 10766936
Heat production in human skeletal muscle at the onset of intense dynamic exercise
José González-Alonso, Bjørn Quistorff, Peter Krustrup, Jens Bangsbo, and Bengt Saltin
Author information Article notes Copyright and Licen... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_14_0.txt | Procedures and protocol
In preparation for this study the subjects were familiarised with the exercise model by training at a desired cadence while minimising the involvement of the hamstring and gluteal muscles, and thereby confining the work to the knee-extensor muscles. In the preliminary trials they also became acc... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_35_0.txt | Thigh blood flow
Although the passive acceleration of the leg did not cause any alteration in temperature of the muscle or the arterial blood (Fig. 4A), it increased the thigh blood flow from its resting level of 7.7 ± 1.5 ml s−1 to 33.7 ± 1.2 ml s−1 (Figs 4B and and5C).5C). A fast further elevation occurred in the bl... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_12.txt | is. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1983;117:115–122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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Pennes HH. Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in t... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_2_0.txt | The appropriate approach, novel in humans performing dynamic exercise, would be to measure heat production, power output and aerobic and anaerobic energy turnover. This approach has a long and successful history in muscle energetics in the in vitro study of muscle fibres (Wilkie, 1960; Hill & Woledge, 1962; Kushmerick ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_5_0.txt | by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Josephson, 1981). These processes evidently have
different thermal dependencies, with the latter being more temperature sensitive; the
Qlo of 1/2RT is generally greater than that of TPT measured on the same muscle
(Hill, 1951; Walker, 1960; Bennett, 1984). Thus at low temperatures, greate... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_8_4.txt | .
YAMAMOTO, T.& TONOMURA, Y.(1967). Reaction mechanism of the Caz+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic
reticulum from skeletal muscle. J. Biochem., Tokyo 62, 558-575. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_45_1.txt | exercise where the rate of heat production is much smaller than in the later phase of the exercise bout. Multiple thermistors were placed in all major muscle portions developing the force as well as in one adjacent inactive muscle and temperature was recorded continuously. As evidenced in Figs 4A and and5A,5A, an ele... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_36_2.txt | end of the exercise. Therefore, heat production was 77 % higher (P < 0.05) during the last compared to the first 5 s. After 180 s of exercise, total heat storage in the knee-extensors amounted to 9276 J (range 7822–11776 J), whereas total heat removal by the blood amounted to 10993 J (range 6808–20403 J). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_29_0.txt | Thigh size
The mean mass of the knee-extensor muscle including the tensor fasciae latae was 2.68 ± 0.46 kg (±s.d.) (Table 1). The mass of m. rectus femoris was ∼0.2-0.3 kg with the other three portions of the quadriceps being of similar weight (0.6-0.8 kg). After 180 s of knee-extension exercise, the active muscle volu... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_12_1.txt | to cleaned skin, in an area that superficially did not appear to be highly vascular and from where consistent readings were noted (18). Sweat rate was estimated from a 5.0-cm2 ventilated capsule placed on the upper back. Anhydrous compressed air was passed through the capsule over the skin surface at a rate of 1 l/min... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_1_5.txt | 86 % and 8 %, respectively, during the last 30 s of exercise. The combined energy contribution from net ATP hydrolysis, net PCr hydrolysis and muscle lactate accumulation is estimated to decline from 37 % to 3 % comparing the same time intervals.
The magnitude and rate of elevation in heat production by human skeletal... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_34_0.txt | Blood temperature
Femoral venous temperature increased after the first kick with the arterial temperature lagging behind (Figs 4A and and5B).5B). The v-a temperature difference was nil during the first 5 s but increased to 0.09 ± 0.06°C after 15 s (Fig. 5B). Thereafter, v-a temperature difference increased further to ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_52_1.txt | heat production. Concomitant measurements of aerobic energy metabolism and net lactate release supplemented with data on PCr depletion and muscle lactate accumulation in similar exercise made possible the accurate estimation of the magnitude of energy yield from these three metabolic pathways throughout exercise. The ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_13_1.txt | oris (r.f.) and tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle (t). A cross-section of the distal end is shown in c. It was sometimes difficult to exactly determine the origin of the muscles at the proximal end (a). This was solved by plotting the serial individual cross-sections and determining the origin by extrapolation (see B... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_24_0.txt | equation image (4)
(3) Rate of heat loss by the lymph flow. Heat loss by the lymph flow (Hl) was estimated by multiplying the estimated lymph flow (LF = 0.003 l s−1) by the arterial-to-lymph temperature gradient, assuming that the lymph leaving the thigh has the same temperature as the venous blood and the same specifi... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_20_2.txt | .
Statistical analyses for Tes, Tmu,T̄sk, and H̄Fsk were performed by ANOVA for repeated measures to compare values for preexercise, end-exercise, and at 10-min intervals during postexercise recovery. Data are presented as means ± SD. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_46_0.txt | Some uncertainty, however, is involved in the estimation of the heat removal from the muscle by the blood flow. The inflow and outflow temperatures are obtained with the same time resolution and sensitivity as the measurements of the changes in muscle temperature and have an error of ∼0.01°C. The largest uncertainty in... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_22_0.txt | (1) Rate of heat loss by conductance. The heat transfer from the knee-extensor muscles to the skin through conductance (Hc) was estimated every 5 s by multiplying the temperature gradient between the muscle and skin (ΔTm-sk;°C) by the thermal conductivity of human muscle (ch= 4.8 J s−1 cm−1°C−1; Hensel & Bock, 1955) an... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_34_0.txt | Download figureDownload PowerPoint |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_3.txt | ] [Google Scholar]
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Barclay CJ. Mechanical efficiency and fatigue of fast and slow muscles of the ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_15_4.txt | ophageal thermistor was inserted through the nostril down to the level of the heart. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_59_0.txt | NLM
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_7_3.txt | 1.0°C with infusion rates of 0.766 ml s−1 (resting conditions and passive acceleration phase). TBF (expressed in ml s−1) was calculated according to the following formula, derived from a heat balance equation (Ganz & Swan, 1974; Andersen & Saltin, 1985): |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_8.txt | muscle. The Journal of Physiology. 1975;251:303–315. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_10_1.txt | al thermistor were connected to an eight-channel temperature monitor (Ellab CTF 9008 Precision thermometer; Ellab A/S) interfaced with an IBM-AT computer. Data were stored on a hard disk every 15 s and also simultaneously displayed on-line using the data acquisition software PCLINK92 (Ellab A/S). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_22_1.txt | .05. 1 Value for esophageal temperature not significantly elevated from baseline. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_9_0.txt | But exercising in a hot environment might be good for short activities that need powerful muscle contractions. There is also a school of thought that light-intensity workouts, such as yoga, can benefit because the extra strain on the heart during exercise in the heat can increase the number of calories you burn. But re... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_30_0.txt | Muscle temperature
At the onset of the voluntary dynamic exercise the temperature in the quadriceps muscles was promptly elevated at all sites, i.e. after the first kick (Fig 4A and Fig 5A, B). However, there were some differences in the magnitude of increase in temperature among the different muscle portions (v.l., r.... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_24_1.txt | difference (1.13°C) was between the deep and superficial sections of the muscle, with a 0.84°C temperature gradient between the mid- and superficial muscle. Mean tissue temperature difference between deep and midmuscle was only 0.28°C. Furthermore, the muscle-to-core temperature gradient was equal to −0.66, −0.94, and... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_51_0.txt | The free energy (ΔG) for ATP hydrolysis will decrease from rest to maximal exercise, since the contribution from the RTlnK′ term of the equation ΔG =ΔG°+RTlnK′ (where ΔG° is the free energy under standard conditions), will decline with the increase in free ADP, Pi and H+, occurring during contraction. It may be estimat... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_42_0.txt | Tmu response: exercise.
From the onset of exercise until the late phases of exercise, there is a gradual change in the Tmu profile from one parabolic in the form seen at rest to a zero gradient or homogenous temperature profile across the muscle. As shown in Fig. 4, the large temperature gradient that existed between t... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_9_1.txt | of limb blood flow from kick to kick (see Results). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_3.txt | temperature acclimation of actomyosin ATPase from a
eurythermal teleost (Carassius auratus L.). J. comp Physiol. 129, 163-167.
JOHNSTON, I.A. & WALBSBY, N. J. (1977). Molecular mechanisms of temperature adaptation in fish myofibrillar
adenosine triph0sphatase.J. comp. Physiol. 119, 195-206.
JOHNSTON, I. A. & WALESBY, ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_11_1.txt | and 9.5% posterior calf (12). Temperature and heat flux data were collected and digitized (Hewlett Packard data-acquisition module, model 3497A) at 5-s intervals and simultaneously displayed and recorded in spreadsheet format on a hard disk (Hewlett Packard, model PC-312, 9000). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_54_18.txt | The Journal of Physiology. 1968;195:157–183. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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Woledge RG, Reilly PJ. Molar enthalpy change for hydrolysis of phospho... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_57_0.txt | https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01107.2002
PubMed12598487
History
Received 3 December 2002
Accepted 7 February 2003
Published online 1 June 2003
Published in print 1 June 2003
Keywords
heat loadthermoregulationhyperthermiaheat contentheat balance
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_15_1.txt | for temperature (°C). Following the placement of the arterial and venous catheters, seven thermistors of the same type were inserted into the thigh muscles through a venflon catheter (18G/32 mm). The tip of the thermistor probe used in the muscle was cut 2–3 mm beyond the thermistor location, which was advanced into t... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_64_0.txt | PDF
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/Shivering_2_0.txt | Shivering and the elderly[edit]
The functional capacity of the thermoregulatory system alters with aging, reducing the resistance of elderly people to extreme external temperatures. The shiver response may be greatly diminished or even absent in the elderly, resulting in a significant drop in mean deep body temperature... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_32_2.txt | temperature are given as well. C, mean (±s.e.m.) values for thigh blood flow during exercise are presented. The mean elevation (n = 5) observed during the exercise fits the polynomial equation: |
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below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_3_4.txt | of muscle from homeothems and poikilothems
Are there major differences in the thermal dependence of muscle function in
homeotherms and poikilotherms? One might anticipate that the latter would show
adaptations to minimize thermal dependence and the former would optimize function
over a narrow range of high temperature... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_31_0.txt | Exercise tissue temperature response.
After the onset of exercise, Tes increased gradually, reaching a maximum rate of increase of 0.05 ± 0.02°C/min between 6 and 9 min of exercise, and, subsequently, the rate decreased over the balance of the exercise period (Table2). In contrast, Tmu at all measured points increased ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_3_0.txt | a number of studies have examined muscle temperature (Tmu) profiles for resting conditions under different thermal conditions (4, 7, 8, 17, 20-22, 24, 27, 30, 31). The study by Ducharme and Tikuisis (8), however, was the only study to present a mean Tmu profile for a group of subjects, as opposed to single-depth measur... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_43_1.txt | for the deep and midmuscle, respectively. On the other hand, based on visual observation of the work by Saltin and coworkers (24), it would seem that the rate of temperature increase was greater in deep muscle compared with superficial muscle. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_45_1.txt | muscle showed a significantly greater rate of temperature decrease toward the later stages of recovery (P < 0.05). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_46_1.txt | rate at which heat is lost at the skin-air interface. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_37_0.txt | An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is tjp0524-0603-f7.jpg
Figure 7
Heat production during dynamic knee-extensor exercise
Mean values (±s.e.m.; n = 5) of total heat production (Ht) are depicted for each 5 s period of the exercise as well as its subdivision in terms of storage in the qu... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_3_2.txt | intensity and duration. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_8_1.txt | was then inserted into the anesthetized tract to the required depth. The anesthetic needle and the catheter stylet were then withdrawn, and the temperature probe was inserted in the catheter shaft. When the probe was fully inserted, the catheter was carefully withdrawn, leaving the tip of the temperature probe ∼10 mm ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/Shivering_3_0.txt | See also[edit]
Goose bumps
Myoclonus
Post micturition convulsion syndrome
Chattering teeth
Tremor |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_2_1.txt | otus
multicarinatus has field active body temperatures of about 25 "C, but maximal rates of
muscle contraction and burst escape speed at 35-40°C (Bennett, 1980; Putnam &
Bennett, 1982), body temperatures far in excess of those encountered under any
Force Rate
TPT 112 RT
Fig. 2. Thermal dependence of force and rate of c... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_2_3.txt | respectively. Exercise resulted in a Tes increase of 0.55°C above preexercise resting, whereas muscle temperature of the exercising leg increased by 2.00, 2.37, and 3.20°C for Tmu 10, Tmu 25, and Tmu 40, respectively. Postexercise Tes showed a rapid decrease followed by a prolonged sustained elevation ∼0.3°C above res... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_5_0.txt | Table 1
Subject characteristics
Subject no. Age (years) Weight (kg) Height (cm) Mean power output (W) Quadriceps and tensor fasciae latae (kg) Hamstrings, sartorious and adductors (kg) Skin, subcutaneous fat, connective tissue (kg) Femur (kg) Total thigh (kg) Peak V̇O2 thigh (l min−1)
1 24 74 178 87 2.6 2 |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_3_1.txt | r, glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation provide the energy for ATP resynthesis (Wilkie, 1968; Curtin & Woledge, 1978; Woledge & Reilly, 1988). Thus, an increase in heat production in the order of a factor of two would be anticipated with a shift in ATP resynthesis from pure PCr splitting to pure oxidative phosphoryl... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_5_1.txt | has not been critically
tested.
Tetanic tension generally has a low but significant thermal dependence below
15-25"C, depending on species (Fig. 5). As the muscle is supposedly completely
activated by repetitive stimuli, one might expect Po to be thermally independent over
the entire temperature range. One explanation... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_26_3.txt | 65 kJ for glycolysis and 72 kJ for oxidation (Curtin & Woledge, 1978; Woledge & Reilly, 1988).
Analysis
The mean response time for total heat production was estimated by fitting a two-component exponential model to the data, using a (non-linear) least squares regression technique. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_31_0.txt | An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is tjp0524-0603-f6.jpg
Figure 6
Temperature in various knee-extensor and hamstring muscles as well as subcutaneous tissue during intense knee-extensor exercise
A, mean increases in the two additional experiments when thermistors were placed in vastus... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_52_0.txt | FOOTNOTES
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: G. P. Kenny, School of Human Kinetics, Univ. of Ottawa, Rm. 372, Montpetit Hall, P.O. Box 450 Station A, 125 Univ., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5 (E-mail:gkenny@uottawa.ca). |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_45_2.txt | thermistor did not add to the heat gain in the muscle. Therefore, the precise muscle temperature and volume measurements in the present study provided highly valid estimates of heat accumulated in the muscle, including the initial phase of the exercise. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_49_1.txt | Furthermore, as with previous studies that have shown that tissue heat content and compartmental heat exchange are significantly influenced by convective heat exchange during rest (9) and exercise (15), our findings suggest that postexercise core temperature response (and the rate of temperature decay) is significantl... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_47_4.txt | higher in all the 30 s intervals following the initial 30 s of exercise strongly suggests lesser heat liberation per ATP provided by ATP-PCr hydrolysis and glycogenolysis compared to ATP provided by oxidative phosphorylation. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_7_9.txt | ., HENSEL, H. & LARCHER, W. (1973). Temperature and Life. Berlin:
Springer-Verlag.
PROSSER, C. L. (1973). Comparative Animal Physiology, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
PUTNAM, R. W. & BENNE~, A. F. (1981). Thermal dependence of behavioural performance of anuran
amphibians. Anim. Behav. 29, 502-509.
PUTNAM, R... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_11_0.txt | Enlarge table
Skin temperature was monitored at 12 sites by using type T thermocouples integrated into heat-flow sensors (Concept Engineering, Old Saybrook, CT). The area-weighed mean skin temperature (T̄sk) and heat flux (H̄Fsk) were calculated by assigning the following regional percentages: 6% head, 9% upper arm, 6%... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_17_0.txt | 𝑊=𝑇𝜃
Equation 2
where T is rotational force or torque and θ is the angular displacement.
The total work done (Wtotal) was the sum of the work accomplished during each of the contractions during the 15 min of exercise. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_51_1.txt | corresponding to a decrease in ΔG by about 15 kJ mol−1. Whether or not the P:O ratio declines with intense exercise is unknown at present; however, in vitro measurements do not suggest that this is the case (Hinckle & Yu, 1979; Willis & Jackman, 1994). Whether a decreasing efficiency of the crossbridge coupling during... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/japplphysiol01107200_23_0.txt | Download figureDownload PowerPoint |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/benefitsofextremetem_11_0.txt | Regularly undertaking workouts in a hot environment can help endurance performance in the heat, but your overall fitness and health may not get anything extra. |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/PMC2269891_49_0.txt | An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is tjp0524-0603-f10.jpg
Figure 10
Total and aerobic energy turnover during dynamic exercise
Total energy turnover (Et) vs. aerobic heat liberation (HVO2) during 180 s of exercise. Note that the difference in heat between Et and HVO2 is accounted for ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_5_6.txt | Bennett, 1980; Putnam & Bennett, 1981).
However, the thermal dependence of this performance is distinctly lower than that of
rate processes in isolated muscle. For example, in the lizard Dipsosaums, maximal
running velocity and limb cycling frequency have Qlo values of 1.3-1.4 from 25 to
40°C, while Vma, and Wm, have ... |
below_temperature_muscles_not_work/documentrepidrep1typ_2_3.txt | individual animal is exposed to a new thermal regime, it often shows
compensatory changes in its physiological reactions (acclimation). Biological rate
processes are initially altered in accordance with their Qlo upon acute temperature
exposure. Over several days or weeks, these rates often return partially or complet... |
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