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We can also establish plausibility by just explaining how it would work or indicating there definitely is a distinction here if the author needs there to be some distinction. When it comes to strengthen and weaken, there's a definite bias to each of them that's worth keeping in mind, but it's just a tendency. You defin... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
It doesn't even have to propose an alternate storyline. It can just say, hey, the fact that alternate storylines exist means you shouldn't be so sure of yourself. Our last topic shifts our emphasis a little bit more towards the inference family, where we are getting facts and being asked to see what we could derive fro... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Pause the recording and try this problem. OK, welcome back. This is a most supported question, which we can most easily tell by the word statements. We're not reading an argument. There is not a premise or a conclusion. Our reading job here is just to read these facts and see if we can connect any of them. | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
We're not reading an argument. There is not a premise or a conclusion. Our reading job here is just to read these facts and see if we can connect any of them. And in particular, we look to see whether there's conditional logic rules that we could apply or chain together. Are there causal connections we can put together... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
And in particular, we look to see whether there's conditional logic rules that we could apply or chain together. Are there causal connections we can put together? Is there some sort of pivot where we reconcile what came before it with what came after it? When we read this paragraph, we want the causal language to jump ... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
When we read this paragraph, we want the causal language to jump out at us. These things tend to isolate. That's causal. This has the effect of, ooh, that's causal. This, in turn, discourages. All right, we've got ourselves a causal chain. | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
This has the effect of, ooh, that's causal. This, in turn, discourages. All right, we've got ourselves a causal chain. The first sentence is just saying, two facts. The media rarely covers local politics. And local politics is usually secretive. | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
The first sentence is just saying, two facts. The media rarely covers local politics. And local politics is usually secretive. But then we get into some causality. These tend to do this. And then we say, and what happens when we isolate local politicians? | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
But then we get into some causality. These tend to do this. And then we say, and what happens when we isolate local politicians? Well, this has the effect of that. What happens when we reduce the chance that any particular resident participation is a meaningful thing? Well, that, in turn, discourages this. | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Well, this has the effect of that. What happens when we reduce the chance that any particular resident participation is a meaningful thing? Well, that, in turn, discourages this. So if you just focus on those keywords, you can see the shape of what they're trying to build. And since the goal of this is to connect facts... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
So if you just focus on those keywords, you can see the shape of what they're trying to build. And since the goal of this is to connect facts, if you have a causal chain, the most typical type of correct answer would say, all right, well, so x leads to c. y leads to c. It's also correct to say x leads to b. So sometime... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
So let's insert the actual ideas into our causal chain. When we look at the answer choices, the correct answer is d, which is saying, if we were to cover local politics more in the media, then you wouldn't have that discouraging resident participation. You would reduce at least one source. It's very safe language. The ... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
It's very safe language. The one thing that might freak people out about picking this correct answer is that we were told that the media doesn't cover local, and that is discouraging residents. Whereas d is saying, yeah, but does that mean if they did cover local politics, it wouldn't discourage? That can feel illegal,... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
That can feel illegal, because in conditional logic, if you have if a, then b, you're not allowed to say if not a, not b. But with causality, it's a little bit different. If you say that a caused b, then you are allowed to say, if you didn't have a, you wouldn't have had b. Or if you had less of a, you'd have less of b... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Or if you had less of a, you'd have less of b. These are supportable inferences. They're not must be true, but LSAT routinely gets correct answers in this form on a most supported question. If I say, if you can surf, you have great balance, you're definitely not allowed to say, if you can't surf, you don't have great b... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
If I say, if you can surf, you have great balance, you're definitely not allowed to say, if you can't surf, you don't have great balance. What about ballerinas or yoga instructors? However, if I say, Simone's surfing has the effect of keeping her skin very tan, then I am allowed to say that it's a supportable inference... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
So d is doing something you'll see a lot on ReadingComp and inference questions, which is saying, if this causal difference maker weren't present, then we wouldn't see the effect, or we'd see less of the effect. A was unsupportable because it distorted the meaning of any particular act of resident participation, which ... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
That's completely changing the meaning of how we were using particular. B is pretty close because it does reinforce a connection between local politics being secretive and discouraging resident participation. But the should is out of scope. Our author was only listing out descriptive ideas, so it's straying a little bi... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Our author was only listing out descriptive ideas, so it's straying a little bit farther from what we were given to start making normative claims like should, ought, good, bad. C is a classic too strong wrong answer. We can't do that. Too strong wrong answer, we can't say from these facts what is the number one factor ... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Too strong wrong answer, we can't say from these facts what is the number one factor influencing a resident's decision. And E tries to go backwards. It almost feels like it's doing a contrapositive, but you're not allowed to do that with cause effect relationships. Suppose I were to tell you that I have an extra lip on... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Suppose I were to tell you that I have an extra lip on my right cheek. I have three lips. And because of that, this has the effect of getting me teased on the playground. E would be saying, if Patrick weren't teased, this would cause him to not have a third lip on his face. You can't do that with causality. All right, ... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
E would be saying, if Patrick weren't teased, this would cause him to not have a third lip on his face. You can't do that with causality. All right, so let's recap. Curious comparisons are our gateway to anticipating a causal conclusion. We want to get real good at hearing wording like we tend to be this, we're more li... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Curious comparisons are our gateway to anticipating a causal conclusion. We want to get real good at hearing wording like we tend to be this, we're more likely to be that. Or hearing temporal relations like before and after, or from this to that, or even at the same time, while this was happening, this was happening. W... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
We know the author is going to be an eager beaver about coming to one precise causal hypothesis. And we need to be able to create some doubt by thinking, well, couldn't there be other ways to explain? The most common other ways to explain are reverse causality or some third factor. But you'll also see answers that are ... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
But you'll also see answers that are saying the data is just bad because we used an unrepresentative sample, or we're making an unfair comparison between two groups, or something about the methodology of this experiment is shady. And once in a while, you'll see that they explain something as just a return to normalcy, ... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
One of them appeared, but the other one didn't appear. Less commonly are correct answers that talk about how the causality would work, answers that just clarify there is a difference. This difference maker was unique to the person I'm assigning it to. Or that in some other way, just establish a baseline of plausibility... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Or that in some other way, just establish a baseline of plausibility. OK, yes, the thing I am blaming or crediting was there, and it is capable of doing what I'm claiming it did. When it comes to seeing causal chains, we've got to get better at spotting causal keywords. They're almost always active verbs, like leads to... | Causation LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment1.mp3 |
Let's talk about comparisons in the logical reasoning section. They're collectively about a third of the section. Together with conditional logic and causal reasoning, comparisons are one of the three main features of logical reasoning. They show up the most in question types like strengthen and weaken, paradox, most s... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
They show up the most in question types like strengthen and weaken, paradox, most supported inference, necessary assumption, and flaw. But we'll definitely see them in other question types as well. Let's dig into some of the common patterns in these question types where it shows up quite a bit. On strength and weaken q... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
On strength and weaken questions, authors are going to often be relying on some comparison. If I say Taj and Mabel both baked brownies, since Lucy is enjoying Taj's brownies, she will also enjoy Mabel's. Since indicates a premise, so the other half of the sentence is a conclusion. Do we have to believe that if Lucy lik... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Do we have to believe that if Lucy likes Taj's brownies, that she'll also like Mabel's? Of course not, because maybe the brownies are very different. Maybe she likes the sort of recipe Taj made, maybe Mabel is a terrible cook and burned them. We would strengthen an argument like this by making the two different sets of... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We would strengthen an argument like this by making the two different sets of brownies more fair to compare. If they're both the same recipe, cooked just as well, then yeah, why wouldn't Lucy enjoy both of them? But any sort of difference allows for the possibility that even though Lucy likes Taj's, she might not like ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
The mantra you want to be reminding yourself of as you go to answer choices is if I'm strengthening an argument based on comparison, I want to make things more fair to compare. And if I'm weakening, I want to point out some important difference between the two cases. A majority of paradox questions will involve two dif... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
In this case, Jason started studying twice as much over the last couple weeks, and yet his most recent practice test was the lowest yet. So we have a couple differences there. He's studying more, but his score went down. And obviously studying more, we would hope, would drive our scores up. So what we need is something... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
And obviously studying more, we would hope, would drive our scores up. So what we need is something else, which means we need a new difference. We need something else that changed over the last two weeks that would explain why his test went down. Maybe he's burning himself out. Maybe he went from six hours a day to 12 ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Maybe he's burning himself out. Maybe he went from six hours a day to 12 hours a day. Maybe he's only been studying circular ordering games. We would need something else that has changed his routine that's making his score go lower. On most supported inference, there's really two patterns to look out for. Check out thi... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We would need something else that has changed his routine that's making his score go lower. On most supported inference, there's really two patterns to look out for. Check out this. You know, a day isn't going to go well if it starts with a bad morning. Similarly, a musical production isn't going to go well if it... So... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
You know, a day isn't going to go well if it starts with a bad morning. Similarly, a musical production isn't going to go well if it... So this sort of pattern is complete the analogy. We would need the musical equivalent of a bad morning. So I don't know, a bad opening number or maybe a bad opening night at the box of... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We would need the musical equivalent of a bad morning. So I don't know, a bad opening number or maybe a bad opening night at the box office. So a lot of inference questions will be asking us to sort of carry a similarity through to a different situation. Another pattern involves a difference between two things or group... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Another pattern involves a difference between two things or groups that seems to be a causal difference maker. If we say that we were trying to teach three-year-olds their phone number, but we couldn't do it, but then we put it into a song and they were able to learn it. And an inference is connecting those two ideas t... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So a correct answer will just reinforce the idea that sometimes music can assist in the learning process. It'll reinforce the causal difference maker. On necessary assumption, a lot of the, well, duh, kind of correct answers where you're like, well, yeah, of course we're assuming that are really just situations where w... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
If we say hula hoops were a brief ad in the 50s, so even though they've gotten popular recently, they're going to be forgotten again soon. Here we're assuming a sameness. We're comparing timeframes, past versus present, and we're assuming that there's a similarity between the past and the present. In both cases, it'll ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
In both cases, it'll be a brief ad. Consider this one. Jeremy's ad is very well aimed at our coveted 20 to 30-year-old age bracket, but it does have some questionable race issues, so we should go with Peggy's ad. Okay, well, what are we assuming about Peggy's ad? We're assuming it doesn't have questionable race issues.... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Okay, well, what are we assuming about Peggy's ad? We're assuming it doesn't have questionable race issues. Duh. But you have to state these sometimes. You have to spell out the similarity or the difference that the author was assuming. On flop questions, two of the famous flaws sort of involve a dubious comparison. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
But you have to state these sometimes. You have to spell out the similarity or the difference that the author was assuming. On flop questions, two of the famous flaws sort of involve a dubious comparison. If we say each member of the town council has committed tax fraud, therefore the town council itself has committed ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
If we say each member of the town council has committed tax fraud, therefore the town council itself has committed tax fraud. That's a part versus whole comparison. And if we were to say, hey, the Carver skateboard I got from Lois broke within two months, so I guess Carver skateboards aren't very durable. We would worr... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We would worry about a sampling issue there. I only have one data point, and yet I'm generalizing about the entire Carver skateboard family. What if the skateboard I got from Lois was an unrepresentative sample? Maybe it's not fair to compare to the typical Carver skateboard. Here are a few other themes of comparisons ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Maybe it's not fair to compare to the typical Carver skateboard. Here are a few other themes of comparisons that run through several different question types. One theme is plans and recommendations. If you say, hey, I want to improve my reading comp score, and since I know that mindfulness improves concentration, I sho... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
If you say, hey, I want to improve my reading comp score, and since I know that mindfulness improves concentration, I should start a mindfulness regimen. Essentially you're comparing how you would be in the world where you do this mindfulness regimen to the world you currently live in where you don't. And so you have t... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Okay, maybe it would improve your concentration, but what else would it do? Would it waste 20 minutes of logic games practice that you don't have, Louisa? So you have to think about all the trade-offs between this world and that world. Another theme is where conclusions either decide that on the whole this thing is goo... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Another theme is where conclusions either decide that on the whole this thing is good, or on the whole this thing's better than that thing. Unlike the new tablet from Snapple, Macrosoft's tablet has a stylus. Thus Microsoft's tablet is better. So I've taken one advantage that the Macrosoft has, and from that concluded ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So I've taken one advantage that the Macrosoft has, and from that concluded that overall it's better. And the idea here is we really got to compare the pros and cons. Okay, fine, the stylus is better, but what if there's some parts of the Snapple tablet that we would prefer? Relative versus absolute has a couple differ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Relative versus absolute has a couple different meanings. The most obvious meaning is where you switch from talking about something in a comparative way to talking about it in a yes or no kind of way. The Eiffel Tower is shorter than the Empire State Building. That's comparative. Versus, therefore, the Eiffel Tower is ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
That's comparative. Versus, therefore, the Eiffel Tower is short. That's a yes or no. You're short or you're not. That's what absolute means. So just because you're shorter doesn't mean you're short. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
You're short or you're not. That's what absolute means. So just because you're shorter doesn't mean you're short. Just because you're faster doesn't mean you're fast. A more poetic sense of relative versus absolute. At this year's cooking contest, there's a higher percentage of chocolate chip cookie entries. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Just because you're faster doesn't mean you're fast. A more poetic sense of relative versus absolute. At this year's cooking contest, there's a higher percentage of chocolate chip cookie entries. I guess more people decided to go with the classic chocolate chip cookie this year. What we're doing there is making a shift... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
I guess more people decided to go with the classic chocolate chip cookie this year. What we're doing there is making a shift between saying a higher percentage are chocolate chip cookies to more people, an absolute, an actual number. Percent versus number or any sort of relative idea like fraction or ratio versus the a... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
For those of you who haven't dealt with this sort of math in a while, pretend that there were 12 entries last year. Six of those 12 entries were chocolate chip. So what percentage of the entries were chocolate chip? Six out of 12 was one half. 50%. 50% were chocolate chip. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Six out of 12 was one half. 50%. 50% were chocolate chip. Now this year there's only 10 entries and you still have the same six chocolate chip entries from last year. Six out of 10 is 60% chocolate chip. The LSAT author sees the percentage going up from 50 to 60 and assumes that the raw number, the absolute number went... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Now this year there's only 10 entries and you still have the same six chocolate chip entries from last year. Six out of 10 is 60% chocolate chip. The LSAT author sees the percentage going up from 50 to 60 and assumes that the raw number, the absolute number went up, but it didn't. There aren't more people going with ch... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
There aren't more people going with chocolate chip. It's still the same six people trying them chocolate chip cookies one more year. Anti-causal is a sort of argument where an author is denying that one thing has an effect on something else. Harvey, unlike Frank, worked with a personal trainer, but the trainer made no ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Harvey, unlike Frank, worked with a personal trainer, but the trainer made no difference because each of them lost 10 pounds. This conclusion is saying the personal trainer made no difference. It's anti-causal. If we want it to seem like the personal trainer really was an asset to Harvey, we need to somehow make his 10... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
If we want it to seem like the personal trainer really was an asset to Harvey, we need to somehow make his 10 pounds seem better than Frank's 10 pounds. Maybe Harvey was burning lean muscle and that's harder to burn. Or maybe Harvey did it in like two weeks and Frank did it in like a year. No matter what, in order to m... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
No matter what, in order to make an excuse for the fact that they tied, we need to basically point out something that's different about their two cases so that Harvey losing 10 pounds seems more impressive than Frank losing 10 pounds. Okay, as you can see, there are a lot of different comparison patterns going on throu... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Pause the recording and try to get a correct answer on your own in about a minute and a half and then unpause. Welcome back. This is a flaw question. It's asking us why this argument is vulnerable to criticism. And what was the comparison that was happening in this argument? Well, we had a plan or recommendation. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
It's asking us why this argument is vulnerable to criticism. And what was the comparison that was happening in this argument? Well, we had a plan or recommendation. We were thinking about hanging up motivational posters just to really boost our employees' morale so that they want to work more productively. When we're d... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We were thinking about hanging up motivational posters just to really boost our employees' morale so that they want to work more productively. When we're dealing with a plan or recommendation, we're thinking about comparing this current world without the posters to the world with motivational posters. You also could ha... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
They're not going to boost our motivation to work productively. Well, so let's compare these two worlds. The author is saying they're already motivated. Without posters, they're motivated. With posters, they're motivated. So you're not going to have any difference. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Without posters, they're motivated. With posters, they're motivated. So you're not going to have any difference. It's going to be the same motivation. If we're trying to counter that, we need to think, OK, how could these worlds be different? The world with posters and without. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
It's going to be the same motivation. If we're trying to counter that, we need to think, OK, how could these worlds be different? The world with posters and without. Answer choice E is telling us that there actually would be a difference between the before and the after. Before we were less motivated. Now we are more m... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Answer choice E is telling us that there actually would be a difference between the before and the after. Before we were less motivated. Now we are more motivated. And so we actually could conclude that maybe now we're working more productively. But the other thing that's happening here is a relative versus absolute sw... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
And so we actually could conclude that maybe now we're working more productively. But the other thing that's happening here is a relative versus absolute switch. The author was saying, hey, they're motivated in both worlds. We're already motivated. We'll be motivated. What's the diff? | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We're already motivated. We'll be motivated. What's the diff? And when we switched over to relative language, we could say, here's the diff. We were previously less motivated and now we are boosted motivated. Let's take a look at the four wrong answers. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
And when we switched over to relative language, we could say, here's the diff. We were previously less motivated and now we are boosted motivated. Let's take a look at the four wrong answers. A is saying that the author failed to consider whether adding these posters would boost motivation. That's not right. The author... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
A is saying that the author failed to consider whether adding these posters would boost motivation. That's not right. The author doesn't fail to consider that. That's the entire essence of her argument. B is saying that, hey, what if these corporations aren't representative of corporations in general, but our author wa... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
That's the entire essence of her argument. B is saying that, hey, what if these corporations aren't representative of corporations in general, but our author was not trying to make any sampling move from what's true about these corporations is true in general. C is saying, well, hey, what if they have other effects bes... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
That would be out of scope. The author's conclusion is just saying they won't succeed in motivating us. And D is saying, well, what if productivity is affected by stuff besides motivation? But this argument is only about motivation. The goal of the plan was to boost motivation, and our author is saying that goal will f... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
But this argument is only about motivation. The goal of the plan was to boost motivation, and our author is saying that goal will fail. So the argument is only about whether or not motivation will go up. Let's try another problem. Pause the recording, give us a try, and then unpause when you're ready to hear about it. ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Let's try another problem. Pause the recording, give us a try, and then unpause when you're ready to hear about it. Welcome back. This is a most supported logical completion, fill in the blank question. And remember before we said the most common pattern with that would be complete the analogy. Previously, we saw wordi... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
This is a most supported logical completion, fill in the blank question. And remember before we said the most common pattern with that would be complete the analogy. Previously, we saw wording like similarly, and this time we're getting key wording like, so just as X, Y. Completionist questions in general are trying to... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So completing an analogy is a nice way to pull multiple ideas together. What is the comparison we're looking at? It says a century is in certain ways like a life. So let's think, okay, what do we know about a century? What do we know about a life? They tell us basically that people behave similarly at the end of a cent... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So let's think, okay, what do we know about a century? What do we know about a life? They tell us basically that people behave similarly at the end of a century as they do at the end of a life. Okay, how do they behave? Well, we find out at the end of a life, people spend a lot of time looking back at the events of the... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Okay, how do they behave? Well, we find out at the end of a life, people spend a lot of time looking back at the events of their life. And so we would match that up by thinking, okay, at the end of a century, you spend the last few years looking back at events of the century. And that primes us pretty well for a correc... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
And that primes us pretty well for a correct answer that is trying to reinforce the idea of yes, you spend the last few years, you spend the century's end looking back at events of that century. When you see a setup for complete the analogy, you should really do your upfront business and figure out what it should say i... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So it's important that we already have a strong idea of what it should be saying. Okay, let's look at the wrong answers. We were looking for look back at the events of that century. So the first two answers are wrong because they're saying to look back at their own life. But no, we were supposed to be bringing it over ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So the first two answers are wrong because they're saying to look back at their own life. But no, we were supposed to be bringing it over to being talking about the century. C is talking about next century, but we knew we needed to be looking back at last century. And then E is talking about reflecting back on unfortun... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
And then E is talking about reflecting back on unfortunate things that could have been avoided. So that's sort of like saying when somebody reaches the end of their life, they think about all their regrets of things they wish they had done differently. But we didn't have that sort of setup. So we don't want to have tha... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So we don't want to have that sort of payoff. Let's take a look at another one. Pause the recording, give this try and unpause when you're ready to hear about it. Welcome back. We're looking at a weakened question. And the conclusion is making a prediction. | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Welcome back. We're looking at a weakened question. And the conclusion is making a prediction. We can expect a reversal of this trend. Those are inherently comparisons between now and the future. In this case, he's saying we can expect that there aren't going to be as many video games being sold in the very near future... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We can expect a reversal of this trend. Those are inherently comparisons between now and the future. In this case, he's saying we can expect that there aren't going to be as many video games being sold in the very near future. And he's basing that on something historical. So he's actually relying on some evidence from ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
And he's basing that on something historical. So he's actually relying on some evidence from the past to support a conclusion about the near future. What do we know historically? That the vast majority of games are sold to a very narrow range of teenagers, 13 to 16. The second premise that's introduced with the word an... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
That the vast majority of games are sold to a very narrow range of teenagers, 13 to 16. The second premise that's introduced with the word and is saying that there's actually going to be fewer people in the age 13 to 16 bracket in the near future over the next 10 years. So we have a difference there. There's going to b... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
There's going to be fewer people in this age range that are typically the number one video game buyers. And that's how our author is getting to this idea that we're not going to be able to sell as many video games. There are just fewer of these precious teenagers that buy the games. She's assuming that it's going to co... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
She's assuming that it's going to continue to be the case that this 13 to 16 year old age group is the main source of our video game purchases. But what if that changes? What if something else changes? There could be a lot of differences between now and the near future that would allow more video games to be bought. Ma... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
There could be a lot of differences between now and the near future that would allow more video games to be bought. Maybe other age groups start buying more. Maybe there's fewer 13 to 16 year olds, but they start buying more games per person. Maybe all of a sudden video games are advertised everywhere. So there's just ... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
Maybe all of a sudden video games are advertised everywhere. So there's just a huge upswing in the number of video games people are buying. Or maybe there's like some crazy pandemic and everybody has to stay at home. So they all of a sudden have lots of time for video games. And now they've become much bigger buyers th... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
So they all of a sudden have lots of time for video games. And now they've become much bigger buyers than they used to be. We would go to these answers, not predicting any one specific idea, but just thinking, give me something that changes in the near future that would allow me to say that there will be video game buy... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
The correct answer here was E, which is attacking the original assumption. It's saying there's probably a dissimilarity. It used to be that over 75% of the games were sold at 13 to 16. But over the last three years, more than 50% have been going to people 16 and up. So we have strong reason to think that the historical... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
But over the last three years, more than 50% have been going to people 16 and up. So we have strong reason to think that the historical trend is no longer binding. If we look at some of these wrong answers, we have A that's not telling us anything about the future. We went to these answer choices saying, tell me someth... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
We went to these answer choices saying, tell me something about what's coming so that I can argue that there actually will be just as many video games sold. B also tells us something about the past three years, which could give us a trend. But this trend actually helps the author. If rentals have declined, that kind of... | Comparison LSAT Logical Reasoning_segment0.mp3 |
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