instruction stringlengths 161 2.29k | input stringlengths 137 955 | response stringclasses 11
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clearly, these repair systems in B. burgdorferi do not seem as robust at defending against oxidation of DNA as those described in E. coli.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli c
B: escherichia coli str. ps (aka escherichia coli ps)
C: bacterium coli commune (aka escherichia coli)
D: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
E: escherichia coli 1a
F: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
G: colibacter
H: colimonas (aka candidatus colimonas)
I: esche... | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of key repair enzymes in this system may indicate that B. burgdorferi DNA is not subjected to the same challenge from ROS as is E. coli.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borrelia sp. br
B: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borreliella genomosp. 1 (borreliella genomospecies 1) (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
G: borrelia africana ... | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of key repair enzymes in this system may indicate that B. burgdorferi DNA is not subjected to the same challenge from ROS as is E. coli.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
C: escherichia coli 1a
D: escherichia coli 9.1796
E: escherichia
F: unspecified coliform bacterium
G: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
H: escherichia coli c
I: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)... | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast to most bacteria, B. burgdorferi membranes contained significant levels of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which were derived from the growth media (Table 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer u... | <Options>: A: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
B: borreliella genomosp. 1 (borreliella genomospecies 1) (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borrel... | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, it seemed possible that lipids and/or proteins rather than DNA are the primary targets of ROS in B. burgdorferi.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
D: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: ... | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As B. burgdorferi may be exposed to potentially harmful oxygen species at different stages of the infective cycle, the ability to protect its membrane lipids from ROS should be required for survival in the different host environments.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding ... | <Options>: A: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borrelia sp. br
C: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
E: borrelia sp.
F: borreliales bacterium
G: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
H... | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In H. pylori, lipid hydroperoxide levels in ahpC mutants are approximately three times higher than in wild-type cells, suggesting a role for AhpC in reducing organic peroxides (Wang et al., 2006a,b).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. pylori'. Answer using one of... | <Options>: A: helicobacter pylori umb_g1 (helicobacter pylori strain umb_g1) (aka helicobacter pylori umb_g1)
B: helicobacter pylori (strain nctc11638) (aka helicobacter pylori nctc 11638)
C: helicobacter pylori (strain 26695) (aka helicobacter pylori 26695)
D: helicobacter
E: helicobacter pylori (strain j166) (aka hel... | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In exponentially growing E. coli, Imlay and Fridovich (1991) have shown that both O2- and H2O2 are generated by the autoxidation of components of the respiratory chain during oxygen metabolism.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the pro... | <Options>: A: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
B: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
C: escherichia
D: colimonas (aka candidatus colimonas)
E: colibacter
F: escherichia coli str. ps (aka escherichia coli ps)
G: escherichia coli 1a
H: bacterium coli... | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, B. burgdorferi is very metabolically limited and has no enzymes for the TCA cycle or respiration.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borrelia burgdorferi str. b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borr... | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the current practice of growing B. burgdorferi under atmospheric oxygen could itself be unintentionally compromising cell integrity during in vitro manipulations.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided opti... | <Options>: A: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borrelia burgdorferi str. b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme di... | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analyses of the B. burgdorferi genome indicates that only a few genes encoding putative oxidative stress/intracellular redox proteins (SodA, NapA, BosR, CoADR, Trx and TrxR)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options... | <Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borrelia sp. br
D: borrelia
E: borrelia burgdorferi str. b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
F: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
G: borreliales bacterium
H: b... | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Despite this apparent ‘deficiency’ in the number of ROS-protective enzymes, B. burgdorferi cells appear to be able to cope with physiologically relevant levels of ROS.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borrelia sp.
B: borrelia sp. br
C: borrelia
D: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
G: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
H: borrelia fa... | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There are several factors that would contribute to this phenomenon: (i) as B. burgdorferi does not harbour the genes encoding respiratory enzymes nor metabolize oxygen, it seems unlikely that significant levels of ROS are generated via the incomplete reduction of O2 during cellular metabo... | <Options>: A: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borrelia sp.
D: borrelia sp. br
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
G: lyme disease spirochete (aka borrel... | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This would suggest that potential ROS challenges to B. burgdorferi would come almost completely from extracellular sources with little contribution from intracellularly generated ROS; (ii) owing to a lack of understanding of the physiological conditions in vector and host tissues infected... | <Options>: A: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
C: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
D: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
E: borrelia sp.
F: borrelia sp. br
G: borrelia afr... | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This would suggest that potential ROS challenges to B. burgdorferi would come almost completely from extracellular sources with little contribution from intracellularly generated ROS; (ii) owing to a lack of understanding of the physiological conditions in vector and host tissues infected... | <Options>: A: borrelia
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: borreliales bacterium
G: borre... | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This would suggest that potential ROS challenges to B. burgdorferi would come almost completely from extracellular sources with little contribution from intracellularly generated ROS; (ii) owing to a lack of understanding of the physiological conditions in vector and host tissues infected... | <Options>: A: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
B: borrelia sp.
C: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
D: borrelia sp. br
E: borrelia
F: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
G: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
H: bo... | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This would suggest that potential ROS challenges to B. burgdorferi would come almost completely from extracellular sources with little contribution from intracellularly generated ROS; (ii) owing to a lack of understanding of the physiological conditions in vector and host tissues infected... | <Options>: A: escherichia coli 1a
B: escherichia sp.
C: unspecified coliform bacterium
D: escherichia coli str. ps (aka escherichia coli ps)
E: colibacter
F: escherichia coli c
G: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
H: colimonas (aka candidatus colimonas)
I: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
J: esch... | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Taken together, this suggests that B. burgdorferi would be innately more resistant to ROS and require a less extensive repertoire of enzymes to protect the cells from oxidative damage.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the pro... | <Options>: A: borreliales bacterium
B: borrelia sp. br
C: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borrelia sp.
F: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
G: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)... | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Experimental procedures
Strains, growth conditions and reagents
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 and strain B314 (Sadziene et al., 1993) were grown in modified BSK-II (Barbour, 1984) medium at 34°C under an atmosphere of 0–20% O2 with 5% CO2 and the balance N2.', select the correct biome... | <Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
C: borrelia
D: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
G: borreliales bacte... | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli strain Top10, strain TA4315 (ahpCF) (Storz et al., 1989) and CM1319 (mutM) (Bridges et al., 1996) were grown in Luria–Bertani (LB) at 37°C with shaking.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: unspecified coliform bacterium
B: escherichia coli 1a
C: escherichia coli c
D: colibacter
E: escherichia coli str. ps (aka escherichia coli ps)
F: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
G: colimonas (aka candidatus colimonas)
H: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
I: enterococcus coli (a... | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Per cent survivability assays
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1 in BSK II under microaerobic (3% O2) conditions, the culture split and the cells treated with varying concentrations of oxidants (0–50 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or H2O2) at 34°... | <Options>: A: borrelia sp.
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: borrelia
G: bor... | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Determination of the spontaneous mutation rate
To determine spontaneous resistance to coumermycin A1, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under microaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1 and treated with 5 mM H2O2 for 1 h at 34°C.', select the correct biomedical con... | <Options>: A: borrelia sp.
B: borrelia sp. br
C: borrelia
D: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: borreliales bacterium
G: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
H: lyme disea... | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Measurement of DNA base lesions
Borrelia burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown in BSK-II under microaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1, treated with various oxidants (1 or 10 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide, 1 or 10 mM H2O2, 10 mM paraquat or lipoxidase) for 4 h and total DN... | <Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
E: borreliella genomosp. 1 (borreliella genomospecies 1... | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a control, E. coli TA4315 cells were grown in minimal media to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 100 µM H2O2 for 30 min and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia
B: colibacter
C: unspecified coliform bacterium
D: escherichia coli str. ps (aka escherichia coli ps)
E: escherichia coli 1a
F: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
G: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
H: colimonas (aka candidatus colimonas)
I: escherichia coli 9.1796
J: ... | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. burgdorferi strain B314 cells were grown under microaerobic conditions and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borrelia sp. br
B: borreliales bacterium
C: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
D: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
E: borrelia sp.
F: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
G: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
H:... | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the amount of 8-oxoguanine in B. burgdorferi DNA, cells were grown and treated as described above and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi str. b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
D: borrelia sp. br
E: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: borreliales bacterium
G: borreliella bur... | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a control, E. coli CM1319 (mutM) cells were grown in LB to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 100 µM H2O2 for 1 h and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: colimonas (aka candidatus colimonas)
B: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
C: escherichia
D: escherichia coli 1a
E: escherichia coli 9.1796
F: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
G: bacterium coli commune (aka escherichia coli)
H: colibacter
I: unspe... | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lipid analyses
To determine fatty acid content in B. burgdorferi total membranes, B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under anaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1, harvested by centrifugation (5000 g, 15 min, 4°C) and washed two times with HN (20 mM NaCl, 50 mM Hep... | <Options>: A: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia sp. br
F: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
G: borrelia africana (aka candi... | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lipid analyses
To determine fatty acid content in B. burgdorferi total membranes, B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under anaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1, harvested by centrifugation (5000 g, 15 min, 4°C) and washed two times with HN (20 mM NaCl, 50 mM Hep... | <Options>: A: borreliella genomosp. 1 (borreliella genomospecies 1) (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
C: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: borrelia burgdorferi gro... | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the effects of oxidants on fatty acid composition, a 1.5 l culture of B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under microaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'b. burgdorferi'. Answer using one of th... | <Options>: A: borrelia
B: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: borrelia sp. b... | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Measurement of MDA
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown aerobically, microaerobically and anaerobically as described above to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'borrelia burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided opti... | <Options>: A: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
C: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: borreli... | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a negative control, E. coli Top10 cells were grown to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 5 mM AAPH for 30 min and MDA measured as above.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: escherichia coli c
B: escherichia coli 9.1796
C: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
D: colimonas (aka candidatus colimonas)
E: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
F: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
G: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
H: escherichia coli 1a
I: escheri... | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a positive control, mouse myeloma SP2/O cells were cultured with HYQ-CCM1 (HyClone) medium at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere, treated with 1 mM AAPH at 37°C for 4 h (Chotimarkorn et al., 2005) and MDA measured as above.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to... | <Options>: A: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
B: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
D: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
E: nannomys musculoides (aka mus musculoides)
F: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house ... | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of lipid damage using Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine fluorescent stain
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 cells were grown microaerobically as described above until a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1 was obtained.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'borr... | <Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: borreliella genomosp. 1 (borreliella genomospecies 1) (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
D: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana... | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Briefly, after cells were stained with the Red Fluorescent dye, 2 ml of rabbit serum was added to stop the reaction and the mixture incubated for 1 min at RT.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cuniculus algirus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)
B: sylvilagus palustris (lepus palustris) (aka sylvilagus palustris)
C: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
D: oryctolagus sp. 'rabbit_od'
E: lepus cuniculus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
F: oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus)... | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a positive control, mouse myeloma SP2/O cells were cultured with HYQ-CCM1 (HyClone) medium at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere, treated with 1 mM AAPH at 37°C for 4 h (Chotimarkorn et al., 2005) and stained as described above.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding... | <Options>: A: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
B: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
D: nannomys musculoides (aka mus musculoides)
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: peromyscus
G: mus <subgenus> (mus (aka mus <subgenus>))
H: mus (aka mus <genu... | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a negative control, E. coli Top10 cells were grown to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 5 mM AAPH for 30 min and stained as described above.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'e. coli'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: escherichia coli 9.1796
C: escherichia
D: escherichia sp.
E: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
F: escherichia coli 1a
G: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
H: escherichia coli c
I: colibacter
J: escherichia coli str. ps (aka escherichia coli ps)
K: None... | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Electron microscopy
Borrelia burgdorferi cells were grown under microaerobic or anaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'borrelia burgdorferi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: borrelia sp.
B: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
C: borrelia
D: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
F: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
G: borreliales bacterium
H: borrelia fainii (aka candid... | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the initial analysis of the autoantibody profile in 39 Chinese BD patients, autoantibodies to cellular proteins were uncovered in 23% as determined by immunoblotting.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cancer
B: pera
C: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
D: theraps
E: inquisitor
F: circe
G: aides
H: human (aka homo sapiens)
I: species
J: plasmids
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Serum from a BD patient was used as a probe to immunoscreen a λZAP expression cDNA library.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: personopsis
C: inquisitor
D: theraps
E: genus
F: perna
G: clientister
H: plasmids
I: perotis <monocots> (perotis) (aka perotis <monocots>)
J: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Reactivity was also examined with normal control sera and disease control sera from patients with lupus and Sjögren's syndrome.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: inquisitor
B: theraps
C: personidae
D: species
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: perna
G: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
H: cancer
I: clientister
J: genus
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Six independent candidate clones were isolated from the cDNA library screen and were identified as overlapping partial human kinectin cDNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: primate (aka primates)
B: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: kingdom
E: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homininae)
F: mammals (aka mammalia)
G: apes (aka hominoidea) (aka hominoidea)
H: gymnopleurus humanus
I: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
J:... | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The finding that kinectin was an autoantigen was verified in 9 out of 39 (23%) BD patient sera by immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: clientister
B: genus
C: plasmids
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: assessor
F: perna
G: personopsis
H: aetius
I: aides
J: theraps
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nevertheless, since the 1960s, there have been reports of autoantibodies against certain unknown components of human oral mucosa in sera of patients with BD.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kingdom
B: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homininae)
C: primate (aka primates)
D: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
E: gymnopleurus humanus
F: mammals (aka mammalia)
G: homo (humans) (aka homo)
H: anthropoides
I: human (aka homo sapiens)
J: genus
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nevertheless, since the 1960s, there have been reports of autoantibodies against certain unknown components of human oral mucosa in sera of patients with BD.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: plasmids
C: aetius
D: cancer
E: species
F: humans (aka homo)
G: aides
H: human (aka homo sapiens)
I: perna
J: personidae
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since then, sporadic reports on findings of autoantibodies in this disease have been described, such as antibodies to retinal antigen(s), heat shock protein (HSP) of some strains of Streptococcus sanguis cross-reactive with human HSP polypeptide', select the correct biomedical concept cor... | <Options>: A: streptococcus mutans
B: streptococcus sp. (streptococcus g418) (aka streptococcus sp.)
C: streptococcus mitis
D: streptococcus sanguinis
E: streptococcus sanguinis strain atcc 29667 (aka streptococcus sanguinis atcc 29667)
F: streptococcus oralis subsp. oralis
G: streptococcus suivaginalis
H: streptococcu... | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since then, sporadic reports on findings of autoantibodies in this disease have been described, such as antibodies to retinal antigen(s), heat shock protein (HSP) of some strains of Streptococcus sanguis cross-reactive with human HSP polypeptide', select the correct biomedical concept cor... | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: great apes (aka hominidae)
C: primate (aka primates)
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: anthropoides
F: apes (aka hominoidea) (aka hominoidea)
G: kingdom
H: genus
I: macrobiotus sapiens
J: gymnopleurus humanus
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Materials and methods
Patients and sera
The currently used empirical criteria for the diagnosis of BD in this study were the criteria proposed by the International Study Group for BD (abbreviated as 'International Criteria')', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patien... | <Options>: A: plasmids
B: genus
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: proxys
E: perna
F: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
G: theraps
H: pera
I: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
J: circe
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study subjects of 39 Chinese BD patients comprised 17 males and 22 females, mean age 37 ± 11.3 years old, who were divided into two subgroups: 25 typical BD patients (Group I, satisfying the International Criteria) and 14 clinically diagnosed BD patients who had recurrent oral ulcers ... | <Options>: A: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
B: inquisitor
C: plasmids
D: pera
E: species
F: human (aka homo sapiens)
G: humans (aka homo)
H: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
I: circe
J: clientister
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study subjects of 39 Chinese BD patients comprised 17 males and 22 females, mean age 37 ± 11.3 years old, who were divided into two subgroups: 25 typical BD patients (Group I, satisfying the International Criteria) and 14 clinically diagnosed BD patients who had recurrent oral ulcers ... | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: pero
C: aides
D: genus
E: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
F: inquisitor
G: perna
H: clientister
I: aetius
J: humans (aka homo)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study subjects of 39 Chinese BD patients comprised 17 males and 22 females, mean age 37 ± 11.3 years old, who were divided into two subgroups: 25 typical BD patients (Group I, satisfying the International Criteria) and 14 clinically diagnosed BD patients who had recurrent oral ulcers ... | <Options>: A: personidae
B: cancer
C: genus
D: theraps
E: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
F: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
G: plasmids
H: human (aka homo sapiens)
I: pera
J: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Disease controls included 10 patients with SLE and 10 with SjS, all satisfying corresponding international classification criteria.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: humans (aka homo)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: aides
E: personidae
F: species
G: cancer
H: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
I: circe
J: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All BD patients and disease controls involved in the study were patients treated at the Rheumatology Department of Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China, where their clinical data and serum samples were collected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer usin... | <Options>: A: cancer
B: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
C: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
D: species
E: inquisitor
F: genus
G: theraps
H: circe
I: clientister
J: human (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All BD patients and disease controls involved in the study were patients treated at the Rheumatology Department of Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China, where their clinical data and serum samples were collected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer usin... | <Options>: A: personidae
B: humans (aka homo)
C: pero
D: aides
E: aetius
F: clientister
G: inquisitor
H: cancer
I: human (aka homo sapiens)
J: proxys
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study was approved by the institution review board of Ren Ji Hospital which is affiliated with Shanghai Second Medical University, and each patient involved gave informed consent.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided opt... | <Options>: A: genus
B: aetius
C: pero
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: aides
F: theraps
G: species
H: pera
I: clientister
J: personopsis
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cell lines and cell extracts
HeLa (ATCC CCL 2.2) and T24 (human transitional cell bladder carcinoma) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: genus
B: anthropoides
C: mammals (aka mammalia)
D: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
E: kingdom
F: human (aka homo sapiens)
G: ape (aka hominoidea) (aka hominoidea)
H: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
I: macrobiotus sapiens
J: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homininae)
K: No... | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A bovine aortic endothelial cell line was kindly provided by Dr Eugene G Levin from the Scripps Research Institute (La Jolla, CA, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
B: bos sp.
C: bovichthus (aka bovichtus)
D: bovidae
E: boveria
F: beefalo (aka bos taurus x bison bison)
G: bos taurus (bos primigenius taurus) (aka bos taurus)
H: bos (cattle) (aka bos)
I: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
J: N... | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% calf serum, harvested and extracted in Buffer A (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.2, 0.5% Nonidet P-40) with protease inhibitor (Complete™; Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cal... | <Options>: A: cotyledon
B: crums
C: tibia
D: equus subg. hemionus (aka equus)
E: fopius
F: miletus
G: veturius
H: cocconeis placentra (aka cocconeis placentula)
I: atlantichella calvescens (ulota calvescens) (aka atlantichella calvescens)
J: maronetus
K: None of the above. | K |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Western blot
Whole cell lysates from bovine aortic endothelial cell, HeLa and T24 cells were resolved individually by discontinuous 7.5% gel SDS-PAGE according to Laemmli's method', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dairy cow (aka bos taurus)
B: bovidae
C: bos (cattle) (aka bos)
D: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
E: bovichthus (aka bovichtus)
F: boveria
G: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
H: bos sp.
I: beefalo (aka bos taurus x bison bison)
J: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nitrocellulose strips were blocked with 3% nonfat milk in PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 (PBS-T) and then incubated with BD patient sera and normal control sera (1:100 dilution) at room temperature for 1 h. Filters were washed extensively with PBS-T to remove any unbound antibodies.', sele... | <Options>: A: pera
B: species
C: proxys
D: admete
E: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
F: assessor
G: human (aka homo sapiens)
H: theraps
I: perna
J: aetius
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bound antibodies were detected with polyvalent, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human Ig and visualized by incubating the nitrocellulose strips in chemiluminescent reagents (NEN Life Science Products Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and exposing to Kodak XAR-5 films.
', select the correct biomedic... | <Options>: A: goatfishes (aka mullidae)
B: domestic goat (aka capra hircus)
C: capneidae
D: capra nubiana x capra hircus
E: capreolus
F: caponia
G: capra
H: capra hircus x ovis aries
I: capra sp.
J: capra aegagrus (capra hircus aegagrus) (aka capra aegagrus)
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bound antibodies were detected with polyvalent, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human Ig and visualized by incubating the nitrocellulose strips in chemiluminescent reagents (NEN Life Science Products Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and exposing to Kodak XAR-5 films.
', select the correct biomedic... | <Options>: A: anthropoides
B: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
C: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: primate (aka primates)
F: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homininae)
G: gymnopleurus humanus
H: genus
I: macrobiotus sapiens
J: mammals (aka mammalia)
K: None... | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Screening of phage cDNA expression library with antibody probes
Serum from a BD patient showing the highest antibody titer in immunoblotting was selected as a probe and used at a dilution of 1:300 for initial immunoscreening of approximately 106 recombinants from a T24 cDNA expression lib... | <Options>: A: pera
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: plasmids
D: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
E: theraps
F: personopsis
G: aetius
H: inquisitor
I: species
J: admete
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, 1 μg of the pBK-CMV plasmid identified in the screening outlined above was added as template in a 50-μl reaction for the coupled in vitro transcription and translation reaction with a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) in the presence of 35S-methionine... | <Options>: A: oryctolagus sp. 'rabbit_od'
B: cuniculus algirus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)
C: lepus cuniculus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
D: oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus (lepus cuniculus cuniculus) (aka oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)
E: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
F: hares (aka lepus)
G: lepus ... | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results and discussion
Autoantibody detection in sera from BD patients
Initial examination of a group of 39 BD patients using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on a HEp-2 cell substrate did not yield any characteristic nuclear or cytoplasmic staining patterns.', select the correct biomedi... | <Options>: A: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
B: humans (aka homo)
C: plasmids
D: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: perna
G: proxys
H: cancer
I: circe
J: species
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results and discussion
Autoantibody detection in sera from BD patients
Initial examination of a group of 39 BD patients using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on a HEp-2 cell substrate did not yield any characteristic nuclear or cytoplasmic staining patterns.', select the correct biomedi... | <Options>: A: clientister
B: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: species
E: personidae
F: inquisitor
G: genus
H: pera
I: humans (aka homo)
J: plasmids
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, the use of bovine aortic endothelial cells as substrate for IIF did not provide any additional data.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bovichthus (aka bovichtus)
B: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
C: beefalo (aka bos taurus x bison bison)
D: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
E: boveria
F: bovidae
G: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
H: bos sp.
I: cattle (aka bos)
J: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, Western blot analysis of the BD sera began to show some interesting autoreactivity using cell lysates from both HeLa and bovine aortic endothelial cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cattle (aka bos)
B: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
C: boveria
D: bovichthus (aka bovichtus)
E: bos taurus indicus (aka bos indicus)
F: bos sp.
G: beefalo (aka bos taurus x bison bison)
H: bovidae
I: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
J: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bovine'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: beefalo (aka bos taurus x bison bison)
B: bos taurus indicus (aka bos indicus)
C: dairy cow (aka bos taurus)
D: bovichthus (aka bovichtus)
E: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
F: bos sp.
G: bovidae
H: bos (cattle) (aka bos)
I: boveria
J: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: kingdom
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: anthropoides
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
G: genus
H: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homininae)
I: primate (aka primates)
J: mammals (aka mammalia)
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'I definitive BD patients with the strongest reactivity to 49 kDa and 120 kDa antigens (Fig. 1, lane 2) was selected as antibody probe for expression library screening.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: circe
C: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
D: humans (aka homo)
E: personidae
F: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
G: species
H: plasmids
I: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
J: clientister
K: N... | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Their identities were established as overlapping partial cDNAs of human kinectin, ranging from 1.9 kb to 3 kb (Fig. 2a).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homininae)
B: neanderthal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
C: gymnopleurus humanus
D: kingdom
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
G: primate (aka primates)
H: homo (humans) (aka homo)
I: genus
J: anthropoides
K: None of the ab... | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The full-length human kinectin (GenBank accession number NM_182926[27]) has 4,816 bases containing an open reading frame coding 1,357 amino acid residues with molecular mass 156 kDa.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answer using one of the provided options... | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: kingdom
C: humans (aka homo)
D: genus
E: macrobiotus sapiens
F: gymnopleurus humanus
G: apes (aka hominoidea) (aka hominoidea)
H: neandertal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
I: primate (aka primates)
J: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homininae)
K:... | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kinectin was initially identified in chick embryo brain microsome as an integral membrane protein anchored in endoplasmic reticulum and involved in kinesin-driven vesicle motility along microtubules [28,29].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chick'. Answer using on... | <Options>: A: gallorhynchus
B: cancer gallus (aka calappa gallus)
C: miletus gallus gallus
D: arilus gallus
E: gallus
F: gallio
G: phasianus gallus (aka gallus gallus)
H: avian (aka aves)
I: galliformes (landfowls) (aka galliformes)
J: gallus sp.
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yeast two-hybrid screen studies from several laboratories have revealed the interaction of the Rho family of GTPase with kinectin, and have shown the functional links among RhoG, kinectin and kinesin, with kinectin as a key effector of RhoG microtubule-dependent cellular activity [32].', ... | <Options>: A: torulaspora
B: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
C: saccharomyceta
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyces sp.
F: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
G: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
H: pichiomycetes
I: uncultured yeast
J: uncultured saccharomyces
K: None of the above... | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Out of 39 BD patient sera, nine (23%) recognized the BD44 translation product (Fig. 3), whereas sera from 20 normal controls, 10 SLE and 10 SjS patients did not show reactivity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perotis <monocots> (perotis) (aka perotis <monocots>)
B: pero
C: aetius
D: plasmids
E: proxys
F: perotis (aka perotis <beetles>)
G: inquisitor
H: assessor
I: human (aka homo sapiens)
J: personopsis
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Out of 39 BD patient sera, nine (23%) recognized the BD44 translation product (Fig. 3), whereas sera from 20 normal controls, 10 SLE and 10 SjS patients did not show reactivity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: theraps
B: cancer
C: pera
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: perna
F: proxys
G: aetius
H: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
I: genus
J: plasmids
K: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select ... | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: aetius
C: plasmids
D: perna
E: pera
F: cancer
G: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
H: clientister
I: humans (aka homo)
J: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select ... | <Options>: A: inquisitor
B: clientister
C: species
D: pero
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: aides
G: proxys
H: plasmids
I: personidae
J: perna
K: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select ... | <Options>: A: inquisitor
B: cancer
C: aides
D: theraps
E: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
F: human (aka homo sapiens)
G: personidae
H: genus
I: plasmids
J: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
K: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The combined data substantiated the finding that kinectin is an autoantigen that can be recognized by sera from 23% of Chinese BD patients in this study with at least one immunoreactive region or autoepitope residing within the BD44 encoded polypeptide.
', select the correct biomedical co... | <Options>: A: cancer
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: personidae
E: genus
F: pera
G: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
H: species
I: aetius
J: inquisitor
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As discussed above, differential diagnosis of BD might be confusing in clinical practice since no specific laboratory test is available, and some patients may have symptoms and signs strongly suggestive of BD but do not fully satisfy the International Criteria, as in the Group II (probabl... | <Options>: A: aides
B: species
C: pero
D: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
E: genus
F: plasmids
G: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
H: aetius
I: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
J: human (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As discussed above, differential diagnosis of BD might be confusing in clinical practice since no specific laboratory test is available, and some patients may have symptoms and signs strongly suggestive of BD but do not fully satisfy the International Criteria, as in the Group II (probabl... | <Options>: A: genus
B: aetius
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: plasmids
E: proxys
F: aides
G: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
H: cancer
I: pero
J: clientister
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A number of investigators have pointed out that a comprehensive analysis of the clinical data for a given patient is very important for correct clinical diagnosis of BD, and that classification/diagnosis criteria, including the International Criteria, should be followed but should not be ... | <Options>: A: personidae
B: proxys
C: pera
D: pero
E: personopsis
F: aides
G: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
H: theraps
I: plasmids
J: human (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The observation that three out of 14 patients in the probable BD group also had antibody to kinectin and the similar percentage of positive reactors between this group and Group I (21.4% versus 24%) supports this notion.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'.... | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: inquisitor
C: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
D: aides
E: clientister
F: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
G: species
H: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
I: cancer
J: theraps
K: None of the a... | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The further use of non-clinical parameters such as immunological biomarkers as adjuncts to identify BD patients could be of help in the classification of this disease entity
While our work was ongoing, anti-kinectin antibodies were reported in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcin... | <Options>: A: perna
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: inquisitor
D: aetius
E: pera
F: proxys
G: cancer
H: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
I: theraps
J: plasmids
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The further use of non-clinical parameters such as immunological biomarkers as adjuncts to identify BD patients could be of help in the classification of this disease entity
While our work was ongoing, anti-kinectin antibodies were reported in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcin... | <Options>: A: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
D: theraps
E: species
F: personidae
G: cancer
H: humans (aka homo)
I: aides
J: circe
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The first HCC report [35] identified kinectin as a tumor-associated antigen from the screening of an autologous cDNA library constructed from the cancer of a 30-year-old patient from Guangxi, China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of th... | <Options>: A: personidae
B: plasmids
C: perotis (aka perotis <beetles>)
D: theraps
E: perotis <monocots> (perotis) (aka perotis <monocots>)
F: species
G: genus
H: pero
I: human (aka homo sapiens)
J: inquisitor
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This report stated that four out of five HCC patients tested were positive for anti-kinectin antibody', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: personidae
B: circe
C: genus
D: proxys
E: cancer
F: aetius
G: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
H: human (aka homo sapiens)
I: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
J: pero
K: None of the above. | H |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In 2004, another laboratory also reported the cloning of kinectin as a tumor-associated antigen from a (presumably) different 30-year-old Chinese HCC patient [36].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patient'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: proxys
C: inquisitor
D: perna
E: assessor
F: genus
G: personopsis
H: clientister
I: species
J: personidae
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, anti-kinectin antibodies were not detected in other studies of HCC patients associated with our laboratory [39,40].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aides
B: clientister
C: species
D: personidae
E: cancer
F: perna
G: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
H: genus
I: pera
J: human (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The initial report by Hirano et al. identified kinectin by screening an aplastic anemia patient for candidate antigens using a Clontech human fetal liver cDNA expression library and it was concluded that seven out of 18 aplastic anemia patients were positive for anti-kinectin while none o... | <Options>: A: inquisitor
B: theraps
C: pero
D: perotis <monocots> (perotis) (aka perotis <monocots>)
E: aides
F: assessor
G: human (aka homo sapiens)
H: clientister
I: pera
J: perna
K: None of the above. | G |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The initial report by Hirano et al. identified kinectin by screening an aplastic anemia patient for candidate antigens using a Clontech human fetal liver cDNA expression library and it was concluded that seven out of 18 aplastic anemia patients were positive for anti-kinectin while none o... | <Options>: A: anthropoides
B: great apes (aka hominidae)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: genus
E: kingdom
F: homo sapiens neanderthalensis (homo neanderthalensis) (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
G: apes (aka hominoidea) (aka hominoidea)
H: macrobiotus sapiens
I: homo (humans) (aka homo)
J: homininae (... | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The initial report by Hirano et al. identified kinectin by screening an aplastic anemia patient for candidate antigens using a Clontech human fetal liver cDNA expression library and it was concluded that seven out of 18 aplastic anemia patients were positive for anti-kinectin while none o... | <Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: theraps
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: aides
E: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
F: personidae
G: circe
H: plasmids
I: pero
J: pera
K: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In their recent report, Hirano et al. reported that anti-kinectin antibodies were found in 39% of aplastic anemia patients from the United States but only in three out of 30 (10%) cases in Japan [38].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of... | <Options>: A: proxys
B: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
C: genus
D: pero
E: personidae
F: plasmids
G: clientister
H: inquisitor
I: species
J: human (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | J |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In our study reported here, kinectin antibodies were only detected in BD patients and not in normal controls and SLE and SjS disease controls.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: pera
D: aides
E: aetius
F: theraps
G: clientister
H: humans (aka homo)
I: genus
J: proxys
K: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'None of the BD patients with anti-kinectin had signs of HCC or aplastic anemia at the time of diagnosis and at up to 4 years of follow-up.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: perna
B: theraps
C: circe
D: personidae
E: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
F: inquisitor
G: clientister
H: pera
I: human (aka homo sapiens)
J: species
K: None of the above. | I |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Giantin, the highest molecular weight Golgi autoantigen reported, is the predominant target of human anti-Golgi complex antibodies and multiple non-cross-reactive epitopes have been mapped spanning the 350 kDa protein', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'human'. Answe... | <Options>: A: ape (aka hominoidea) (aka hominoidea)
B: humans (aka homo)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: primate (aka primates)
E: anthropoides
F: homo sapiens neanderthalensis (homo neanderthalensis) (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
G: genus
H: mammals (aka mammalia)
I: homininae (homo/pan/gorilla group) (aka homini... | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Here we report the detection of kinectin autoantibody in 23% of Chinese patients with BD.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'patients'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: pera
C: aetius
D: perna
E: clientister
F: personidae
G: proxys
H: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid226901>)
I: clinical samples (aka clinical samples <bacteria,ncbi:txid191496>)
J: theraps
K: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In an effort to clarify the association of BD with antibody to kinectin, it is essential to measure antibody to kinectin in larger patient populations including both BD, probable BD and important autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as SLE, SjS, rheumatoid arthritis etc., as well as those d... | <Options>: A: perotis <beetles> (perotis) (aka perotis <beetles>)
B: perotis <monocots> (perotis) (aka perotis <monocots>)
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: inquisitor
E: theraps
F: pero
G: admete
H: plasmids
I: proxys
J: perna
K: None of the above. | C |
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