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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Molecular polymorphism, differentiation and introgression in the period gene between Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani
Abstract
Background
Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important and very closely related vector species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, which are distinguishable by a few morphological differences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wolbachia endosymbiont of nyssomyia whitmani
B: chionodes whitmanella
C: orobdella whitmani
D: psolidium whittakeri
E: diatrype whitmanensis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Molecular polymorphism, differentiation and introgression in the period gene between Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani
Abstract
Background
Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important and very closely related vector species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, which are distinguishable by a few morphological differences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: minuartia intermedia
C: leptogramma intermedia
D: mancinella intermedia
E: enerthenema intermedium
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Molecular polymorphism, differentiation and introgression in the period gene between Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani
Abstract
Background
Lutzomyia intermedia and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important and very closely related vector species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, which are distinguishable by a few morphological differences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: sonerila whittyi
C: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: lutzomyia walkeri
E: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Introgression might be occurring between L. intermedia and L. whitmani in period, a gene controlling behavioral rhythms in Drosophila.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
B: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: leptonema intermedium
D: leptophlebia intermedia
E: licuala intermedia
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Introgression might be occurring between L. intermedia and L. whitmani in period, a gene controlling behavioral rhythms in Drosophila.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orobdella whitmani
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
E: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
The Phlebotominae sand flies Lutzomyia intermedia Lutz & Neiva 1912 and Lutzomyia whitmani Antunes & Coutinho 1912 are vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: minuartia intermedia
B: leptophlebia intermedia
C: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: enerthenema intermedium
E: parolinia intermedia
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
The Phlebotominae sand flies Lutzomyia intermedia Lutz & Neiva 1912 and Lutzomyia whitmani Antunes & Coutinho 1912 are vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wolbachia endosymbiont of nyssomyia whitmani
B: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
E: sonerila whittyi
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This was particularly interesting because apparently, only lineages of L. whitmani sympatric with L. intermedia have been involved in cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the peridomestic environment', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
C: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: plagiostomum whitmani
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This was particularly interesting because apparently, only lineages of L. whitmani sympatric with L. intermedia have been involved in cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in the peridomestic environment', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
C: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
E: harttiella intermedia
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This circadian clock gene was originally identified using mutagenesis by Konopka and Benzer [11], but is also known to control the differences in the "lovesong" rhythms between D. melanogaster and D. simulans', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. melanogaster'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
B: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi>)
C: drosophila <basidiomycete fungi> (drosophila) (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
D: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
E: hawaiian drosophila
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This circadian clock gene was originally identified using mutagenesis by Konopka and Benzer [11], but is also known to control the differences in the "lovesong" rhythms between D. melanogaster and D. simulans', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. simulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: drosophila similis similis
B: drosophila simulans
C: hemithyrsocera simulans (parasymploce simulans) (aka hemithyrsocera simulans)
D: crassula simulans
E: apodospora simulans
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This circadian clock gene was originally identified using mutagenesis by Konopka and Benzer [11], but is also known to control the differences in the "lovesong" rhythms between D. melanogaster and D. simulans', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. simulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dipodomys simulans simulans
B: pleiospilos simulans
C: hemithyrsocera simulans (parasymploce simulans) (aka hemithyrsocera simulans)
D: paramollugo simulans
E: crassula simulans
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'per is thus a particularly interesting marker, among the few available, for an introgression analysis in L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: harttiella intermedia
C: oldenburgia intermedia
D: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
E: leptonema intermedium
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'per is thus a particularly interesting marker, among the few available, for an introgression analysis in L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: orobdella whitmani
C: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
D: calamus whitmorei
E: plagiostomum whitmani
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the current study, we analyzed the molecular variation within the per gene of L. intermedia and L. whitmani in five different localities in Eastern Brazil.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
B: licuala intermedia
C: leptophlebia intermedia
D: leptonema intermedium
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the current study, we analyzed the molecular variation within the per gene of L. intermedia and L. whitmani in five different localities in Eastern Brazil.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
C: orobdella whitmani
D: chionodes whitmanella
E: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Polymorphism and divergence between L. intermedia and L. whitmani
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
B: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: vellozia intermedia
E: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Polymorphism and divergence between L. intermedia and L. whitmani
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
C: leishmania killicki
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A total of 68 sequences from L. intermedia and 53 from L. whitmani homologue to a fragment of the period gene were analyzed from populations of five localities in Eastern Brazil (Fig 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mancinella intermedia
B: leptonema intermedium
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: leptophlebia intermedia
E: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A total of 68 sequences from L. intermedia and 53 from L. whitmani homologue to a fragment of the period gene were analyzed from populations of five localities in Eastern Brazil (Fig 1).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orobdella whitmani
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: plagiostomum whitmani
D: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Within each species, all populations present similar levels of polymorphism with the exception of L. whitmani from Ilhéus, which seems to be less polymorphic than the others.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
D: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
E: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Table 3 shows a more detailed analysis of the intraspecific differentiation among populations of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: harttiella intermedia
B: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
C: oldenburgia intermedia
D: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Table 3 shows a more detailed analysis of the intraspecific differentiation among populations of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: leptonema intermedium
C: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: oldenburgia intermedia
E: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Table 3 shows a more detailed analysis of the intraspecific differentiation among populations of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania killicki
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
E: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'None of the pairwise and overall fixation indexes (Fst) are significant in the case of L. intermedia and only one (Posse × Ilhéus) has a borderline significant value in L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oldenburgia intermedia
B: licuala intermedia
C: leptonema intermedium
D: mancinella intermedia
E: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'None of the pairwise and overall fixation indexes (Fst) are significant in the case of L. intermedia and only one (Posse × Ilhéus) has a borderline significant value in L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: calamus whitmorei
B: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
C: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: plagiostomum whitmani
E: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The estimated number of migrants per generation, based on the overall Fst values, is 20.683 for L. intermedia and 23.125 for L. whitmani.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leptonema intermedium
B: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: vellozia intermedia
D: oldenburgia intermedia
E: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The estimated number of migrants per generation, based on the overall Fst values, is 20.683 for L. intermedia and 23.125 for L. whitmani.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
B: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
E: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, there is one shared haplotype between the two species (IPO13, WPO10 and WPO19) and three L. whitmani sequences (WAC02, WPO13 and WPO14) which show only one nucleotide difference to "typical" L. intermedia haplotypes (see also below).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
C: somalicharmus whitmanae
D: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: plagiostomum whitmani
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, there is one shared haplotype between the two species (IPO13, WPO10 and WPO19) and three L. whitmani sequences (WAC02, WPO13 and WPO14) which show only one nucleotide difference to "typical" L. intermedia haplotypes (see also below).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: vellozia intermedia
C: leptophlebia intermedia
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: mancinella intermedia
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genealogy of period sequences
A phylogenetic analysis of the period gene sequences from L. intermedia and L. whitmani was carried out with the Minimum Evolution method using the Kimura 2-parameter distance (Fig 3).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
B: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: oldenburgia intermedia
E: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Genealogy of period sequences
A phylogenetic analysis of the period gene sequences from L. intermedia and L. whitmani was carried out with the Minimum Evolution method using the Kimura 2-parameter distance (Fig 3).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania killicki
B: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
D: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
E: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A sequence from L. umbratilis, a related species from the same subgenus Nyssomyia, was used as outgroup [24].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. umbratilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dipoena umbratilis (euryopis umbratilis) (aka dipoena umbratilis)
B: lutzomyia umbratilis (aka nyssomyia umbratilis)
C: apogonichthyoides umbratilis
D: xenophallus umbratilis (neoheterandria umbratilis) (aka xenophallus umbratilis)
E: rhinomyias umbratilis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A sequence from L. umbratilis, a related species from the same subgenus Nyssomyia, was used as outgroup [24].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. umbratilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: xenophallus umbratilis (neoheterandria umbratilis) (aka xenophallus umbratilis)
B: apogonichthyoides umbratilis
C: nesophrosyne umbratilis
D: mertensia umbratilis
E: henosepilachna umbratilis (epilachna umbratilis) (aka henosepilachna umbratilis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The tree shows L. intermedia and L. whitmani as non-monophyletic.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
C: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: vellozia intermedia
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The tree shows L. intermedia and L. whitmani as non-monophyletic.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
B: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: plagiostomum whitmani
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, despite the low bootstrap values, which are below 50% in most cases, there is a large group that contains most L. intermedia sequences and a second large group with most L. whitmani sequences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leptonema intermedium
B: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
C: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
E: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, despite the low bootstrap values, which are below 50% in most cases, there is a large group that contains most L. intermedia sequences and a second large group with most L. whitmani sequences.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
C: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
D: plagiostomum whitmani
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is interesting to note that there are three L. whitmani alleles (WAC2, WPO13 and WPO14) inside L. intermedia main group, as well as one L. intermedia allele (ICP16) inside the L. whitmani main group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania killicki
B: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
C: somalicharmus whitmanae
D: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
E: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is interesting to note that there are three L. whitmani alleles (WAC2, WPO13 and WPO14) inside L. intermedia main group, as well as one L. intermedia allele (ICP16) inside the L. whitmani main group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
B: leptonema intermedium
C: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is interesting to note that there are three L. whitmani alleles (WAC2, WPO13 and WPO14) inside L. intermedia main group, as well as one L. intermedia allele (ICP16) inside the L. whitmani main group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: harttiella intermedia
B: licuala intermedia
C: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
E: leptonema intermedium
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is interesting to note that there are three L. whitmani alleles (WAC2, WPO13 and WPO14) inside L. intermedia main group, as well as one L. intermedia allele (ICP16) inside the L. whitmani main group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: orobdella whitmani
B: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
D: chionodes whitmanella
E: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, a second L. intermedia allele (IPO13) is a shared haplotype between the two species as mentioned above.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
C: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: mancinella intermedia
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We did not observed major changes in the genealogy of the L. intermedia and L. whitmani per sequences, especially regarding the five haplotypes (ICP16, IPO13, WAC2, WPO13 and WPO14) that clearly cluster with sequences of the other species (data not shown).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leptophlebia intermedia
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We did not observed major changes in the genealogy of the L. intermedia and L. whitmani per sequences, especially regarding the five haplotypes (ICP16, IPO13, WAC2, WPO13 and WPO14) that clearly cluster with sequences of the other species (data not shown).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
C: vellozia intermedia
D: oldenburgia intermedia
E: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We did not observed major changes in the genealogy of the L. intermedia and L. whitmani per sequences, especially regarding the five haplotypes (ICP16, IPO13, WAC2, WPO13 and WPO14) that clearly cluster with sequences of the other species (data not shown).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: chionodes whitmanella
C: somalicharmus whitmanae
D: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
E: leishmania killicki
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The haplotype network shows connections between sequences from each species, separating most of the sequences of L. intermedia and L. whitmani in two groups.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The haplotype network shows connections between sequences from each species, separating most of the sequences of L. intermedia and L. whitmani in two groups.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
B: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: leishmania killicki
D: orobdella whitmani
E: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Once again, some of the L. whitmani sequences (WAC2, WAC10, WPO13 and WPO14) appear more closely related to L. intermedia haplotypes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
B: somalicharmus whitmanae
C: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: chionodes whitmanella
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Once again, some of the L. whitmani sequences (WAC2, WAC10, WPO13 and WPO14) appear more closely related to L. intermedia haplotypes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: harttiella intermedia
B: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
C: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
D: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
E: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, one L. intermedia allele (ICP16) is connected by a small number of mutations to some of the main L. whitmani haplotypes and IPO13 is a shared haplotype between the two species.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: leptonema intermedium
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, one L. intermedia allele (ICP16) is connected by a small number of mutations to some of the main L. whitmani haplotypes and IPO13 is a shared haplotype between the two species.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chionodes whitmanella
B: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
C: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
E: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'LD test of introgression
We tested the hypothesis of gene flow between L. intermedia and L. whitmani using a method based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) developed by Machado et al.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vellozia intermedia
B: harttiella intermedia
C: oldenburgia intermedia
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'LD test of introgression
We tested the hypothesis of gene flow between L. intermedia and L. whitmani using a method based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) developed by Machado et al.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
B: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
C: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
E: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, we carried out the LD test of introgression between each pair of sympatric populations of L. intermedia and L. whitmani from the localities of Posse, Afonso Claudio and Corte de Pedra.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
C: oldenburgia intermedia
D: harttiella intermedia
E: leptonema intermedium
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, we carried out the LD test of introgression between each pair of sympatric populations of L. intermedia and L. whitmani from the localities of Posse, Afonso Claudio and Corte de Pedra.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mancinella intermedia
B: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
C: oldenburgia intermedia
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: lemmaphyllum intermedium (lepidogrammitis intermedia) (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, we carried out the LD test of introgression between each pair of sympatric populations of L. intermedia and L. whitmani from the localities of Posse, Afonso Claudio and Corte de Pedra.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
C: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
E: calamus whitmorei
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although no significant values were found for the smaller samples of Afonso Claudio and Corte de Pedra, the results (Table 5) present evidence for introgression in the period gene in both directions (from L. intermedia to L. whitmani and vice-versa) in the locality of Posse.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vellozia intermedia
B: leptophlebia intermedia
C: leptonema intermedium
D: 'lactobacillus intermedius' (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
E: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although no significant values were found for the smaller samples of Afonso Claudio and Corte de Pedra, the results (Table 5) present evidence for introgression in the period gene in both directions (from L. intermedia to L. whitmani and vice-versa) in the locality of Posse.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania killicki
B: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
C: plagiostomum whitmani
D: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
E: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Isolation with Migration model
To further examine the gene flow between L. intermedia and L. whitmani we used the IM software [39].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leptonema intermedium
B: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
C: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Isolation with Migration model
To further examine the gene flow between L. intermedia and L. whitmani we used the IM software [39].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: raja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: orobdella whitmani
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Maximum likelihood estimates of migration parameters revealed a non-zero value for both species, m1 = 1.398 and m2 = 1.014 (m1 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia; m2 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
B: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
E: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Maximum likelihood estimates of migration parameters revealed a non-zero value for both species, m1 = 1.398 and m2 = 1.014 (m1 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia; m2 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
B: leptonema intermedium
C: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: vellozia intermedia
E: mancinella intermedia
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Maximum likelihood estimates of migration parameters revealed a non-zero value for both species, m1 = 1.398 and m2 = 1.014 (m1 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia; m2 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
C: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: leishmania killicki
E: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Maximum likelihood estimates of migration parameters revealed a non-zero value for both species, m1 = 1.398 and m2 = 1.014 (m1 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia; m2 – from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oldenburgia intermedia
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: mancinella intermedia
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fig 5 shows the posterior distributions for migration rates and reveals a null probability for the absence of migration from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
D: geobdella whitmani (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
E: calamus whitmorei
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fig 5 shows the posterior distributions for migration rates and reveals a null probability for the absence of migration from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plagiostomum whitmani
B: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: somalicharmus whitmanae
E: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fig 5 shows the posterior distributions for migration rates and reveals a null probability for the absence of migration from L. whitmani towards L. intermedia.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: licuala intermedia
B: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discussion
There is some evidence that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might represent sibling-species complexes in Brazil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
B: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
C: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
D: harttiella intermedia
E: oldenburgia intermedia
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discussion
There is some evidence that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might represent sibling-species complexes in Brazil.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: somalicharmus whitmanae
B: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
D: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
E: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lutzomyia neivai Pinto 1926, a sibling of L. intermedia is found in parts of Southern and Western Brazil and some other countries of South America', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia neivai'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia alencari
B: anopheles neivai
C: lachenalia neilii
D: paphia nenia (aka memphis nenia)
E: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) neivai (aka nyssomyia neivai)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lutzomyia neivai Pinto 1926, a sibling of L. intermedia is found in parts of Southern and Western Brazil and some other countries of South America', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
B: licuala intermedia
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: oldenburgia intermedia
E: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the case of L. whitmani, mitochondrial data [3,6] indicates three main lineages in Brazil: an Amazonian group, a North-South group and a Northeast group.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: calamus whitmorei
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: leishmania killicki
E: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We did not find strong evidence of a geographical differentiation in the period gene among populations of L. whitmani although one of the pairwise Fst comparisons (Posse × Ilhéus) was significant at the 5% level.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
B: calamus whitmorei
C: orobdella whitmani
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: plagiostomum whitmani
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vellozia intermedia
B: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
C: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: oldenburgia intermedia
E: lactobacillus intermedius ('lactobacillus intermedius') (aka lactobacillus intermedius)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
B: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
C: orobdella whitmani
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia longipalpis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lomanius longipalpus longipalpus
B: remotomyia longipalpus
C: leicesteria longipalpis (aka armigeres longipalpis)
D: lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotomus longipalpis) (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
E: microleon longipalpis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When we compare L. intermedia and L. whitmani, we find a highly significant Fst value (0.3373), which is however smaller than that observed for the period gene between sympatric siblings of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Fst = 0.3952)', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lutzomyia longipalpis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thevenetimyia longipalpus (eclimus longipalpis) (aka thevenetimyia longipalpus)
B: myzomyia longipalpis (aka anopheles longipalpis)
C: microleon longipalpis
D: remotomyia longipalpus
E: psorophora longipalpus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
B: oldenburgia intermedia
C: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
D: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: orobdella whitmani
C: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: calamus whitmorei
E: somalicharmus whitmanae
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Therefore, despite the presence of diagnostic morphological characters to identify L. intermedia and L. whitmani [1] the level of molecular divergence in period is not as high as the cryptic L. longipalpis siblings.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. longipalpis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotomus longipalpis) (aka lutzomyia longipalpis)
B: anopheles longipalpis c
C: longipalpis species complex
D: lutzomyia longipalpis mitovirus 1
E: lomanius longipalpus longipalpus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[38] as well as simulations that fit the "Isolation with Migration" model to the data suggest that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might be exchanging alleles at the per locus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: vellozia intermedia
C: licuala intermedia
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[38] as well as simulations that fit the "Isolation with Migration" model to the data suggest that L. intermedia and L. whitmani might be exchanging alleles at the per locus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dipturus whitleyi (spiniraja whitleyi) (aka dipturus whitleyi)
B: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: somalicharmus whitmanae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Introgression of genes that control adaptation to particular types of environment can also have a major impact on the spread of vector-borne diseases as was proposed for the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae [41].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anopheles gambiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anopheles gambiae (anopheles gambiae sensu stricto) (aka anopheles gambiae)
B: anopheles gambiae x anopheles merus
C: gambiae species complex
D: anopheles gambiae x anopheles arabiensis
E: anopheles minor
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[42] found a kdr mutation responsible for pyrethroid resistance in the Mopti form of Anopheles gambiae, a normally susceptible taxon of this species complex.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anopheles gambiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anopheles (aka anopheles <genus>)
B: anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (aka anopheles gambiae)
C: anopheles <series> (anopheles) (aka anopheles <series>)
D: anopheles sp.
E: anopheles arabiensis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although L. intermedia and L. whitmani are closely related and only distinguished by a few morphological differences, they do show differentiation in some other important traits.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: harttiella intermedia
B: licuala intermedia
C: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
E: mancinella intermedia
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although L. intermedia and L. whitmani are closely related and only distinguished by a few morphological differences, they do show differentiation in some other important traits.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
B: orobdella whitmani
C: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: nyssomyia whitmani (flebotomus whitmani) (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: somalicharmus whitmanae
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia is more abundant in the summer while L. whitmani is more frequent in the winter months', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
C: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
D: vellozia intermedia
E: oldenburgia intermedia
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia is more abundant in the summer while L. whitmani is more frequent in the winter months', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
B: licuala intermedia
C: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
D: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
E: oldenburgia intermedia
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'L. intermedia is more abundant in the summer while L. whitmani is more frequent in the winter months', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chionodes whitmanella
B: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
C: egernia whitii (aka liopholis whitii)
D: orobdella whitmani
E: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They also show differences in microhabitat preferences, L. intermedia being more common in the peridomestic area while L. whitmani is found mainly in the surrounding forest [2].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: vellozia intermedia
D: leptonema intermedium
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They also show differences in microhabitat preferences, L. intermedia being more common in the peridomestic area while L. whitmani is found mainly in the surrounding forest [2].', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: plagiostomum whitmani
C: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
D: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
E: leishmania killicki
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'humans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: macrobiotus sapiens
C: homo (humans) (aka homo)
D: primate (aka primates)
E: species
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: leishmania mexicana venezuelensis (leishmania (leishmania) venezuelensis) (aka leishmania mexicana venezuelensis)
B: chionodes whitmanella
C: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
D: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
E: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the two species show marked differences in their tendencies to bite humans in the early morning, with L. whitmani showing higher feeding rates than L. intermedia', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hilara intermedia (empis intermedia) (aka hilara intermedia)
B: typhlopsylla intermedia (aka adoratopsylla intermedia)
C: oldenburgia intermedia
D: leptonema intermedium
E: phlebotomus intermedius (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
B: vellozia intermedia
C: lepidogrammitis intermedia (aka lemmaphyllum intermedium)
D: lestrolepis intermedia (lestidium intermedium) (aka lestrolepis intermedia)
E: leptophlebia intermedia
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hence, it is yet not clear whether introgression has played an important role in the evolution of L. intermedia and L. whitmani.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: calamus whitmorei
B: chtonobdella whitmani (geobdella whitmani) (aka chtonobdella whitmani)
C: flebotomus whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
D: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
E: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. intermedia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: molpadia intermedia (trochostoma intermedium) (aka molpadia intermedia)
B: oldenburgia intermedia
C: nyssomyia intermedia (lutzomyia (nyssomyia) intermedia) (aka nyssomyia intermedia)
D: quadrula intermedia (aka theliderma intermedia)
E: vellozia intermedia
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lutzomyia whitmani (aka nyssomyia whitmani)
B: leishmania mexicana amazonensis (aka leishmania amazonensis)
C: planchonella whitmorei (pouteria whitmorei) (aka planchonella whitmorei)
D: plagiostomum whitmani
E: orobdella whitmani
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
Evidence for introgression between L. intermedia and L. whitmani obtained using mitochondrial DNA', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. whitmani'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: calamus whitmorei
B: bacterium whitmori (aka burkholderia pseudomallei)
C: somalicharmus whitmanae
D: spiniraja whitleyi (aka dipturus whitleyi)
E: pouteria whitmorei (aka planchonella whitmorei)
F: None of the above. | F |
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