instruction stringlengths 205 1.17k | input stringlengths 91 1.88k | response stringlengths 3 12 |
|---|---|---|
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For HO-1, cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h and RNA was isolated by acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction and reverse transcription was carried out with oligo-dT primers for 1 h at 42 °C using MMLV reverse transcriptase, according to the manufacturer’s ... | <Mentions>: [lps; acid guanidinium; thiocyanate; phenol]
<Options>: A: cesium thiocyanate
B: guancydine
C: thiocyanate ion (2-) (aka thiocyanate)
D: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
E: bacterial lysates
F: isothiocyanate (aka isothiocyanic acid)
G: guanidinoarginine
H: monohydrate, guanidine (aka guanidine)... | [D; H; C; L] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For HO-1, cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h and RNA was isolated by acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction and reverse transcription was carried out with oligo-dT primers for 1 h at 42 °C using MMLV reverse transcriptase, according to the manufacturer’s ... | <Mentions>: [lps; acid guanidinium; thiocyanate; phenol]
<Options>: A: chlorophenol (aka chlorophenols)
B: big, guanidine (aka benzimidazolguanidine)
C: carbolic acid (aka phenol)
D: aa-guanidinium (aka anhydrous ammonioguanidinium(2+))
E: guanethidine
F: thiocyanate ion (1-) (aka thiocyanate)
G: monohydrate, guanidine... | [N; G; F; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For HO-1, cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h and RNA was isolated by acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction and reverse transcription was carried out with oligo-dT primers for 1 h at 42 °C using MMLV reverse transcriptase, according to the manufacturer’s ... | <Mentions>: [lps; acid guanidinium; thiocyanate; phenol]
<Options>: A: organic phosphates (aka organophosphates)
B: petroleum
C: bacterial lysates
D: benzyl thiocyanate
E: guanidine
F: sodium thiocyanate tetrahydrate (aka sodium thiocyanate)
G: lipopolysaccharides, deacylated (aka deacylated lipopolysaccharides)
H: big... | [S; E; L; T] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For HO-1, cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h and RNA was isolated by acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction and reverse transcription was carried out with oligo-dT primers for 1 h at 42 °C using MMLV reverse transcriptase, according to the manufacturer’s ... | <Mentions>: [lps; acid guanidinium; thiocyanate; phenol]
<Options>: A: lipoglycans (aka lipopolysaccharides)
B: isothiocyanates
C: phenol ion (aka phenoxy radical)
D: phenolic acid
E: acid, guanylic (aka guanosine monophosphate)
F: carbolic acid (aka phenol)
G: chloride, guanidinium (aka guanidine)
H: lactones
I: deacy... | [A; G; J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For HO-1, cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h and RNA was isolated by acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction and reverse transcription was carried out with oligo-dT primers for 1 h at 42 °C using MMLV reverse transcriptase, according to the manufacturer’s ... | <Mentions>: [chloroform]
<Options>: A: chloroform
B: chloroethylene (aka vinyl chloride)
C: chlorine
D: carbon
E: benzyl chloride
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Twenty-four hours later, cells were stimulated with varying concentrations of LPS (0–1 μg/ml).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharide a
B: lipopolysaccharides
C: peptidoglycan
D: polylactosamine
E: lipid (aka lipids)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Total cellular protein was isolated using ice-cold lysis buffer (1× PBS, 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 10 mM leupeptine, 10 mM aprotinin and 1% Triton X-100).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct... | <Mentions>: [phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; pmsf; leupeptine; triton x-100]
<Options>: A: para-nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride (aka 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride)
B: methanesulfonyl fluoride
C: cyla (leupeptin)
D: br-100 (aka br 100)
E: fosfomycin
F: 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride
G: leupeptin, monoacetate, (s)-isome... | [I; N; G; Q] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Total cellular protein was isolated using ice-cold lysis buffer (1× PBS, 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 10 mM leupeptine, 10 mM aprotinin and 1% Triton X-100).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct... | <Mentions>: [phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; pmsf; leupeptine; triton x-100]
<Options>: A: perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (aka perfluorobutanesulfonic acid)
B: fluoride, phenylmethylsulfonyl (aka phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride)
C: tx-100 (aka polyethylene glycol monooctylphenyl ether)
D: sulfonyl fluoride (aka sulfuryl... | [R; B; J; Q] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Total cellular protein was isolated using ice-cold lysis buffer (1× PBS, 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 10 mM leupeptine, 10 mM aprotinin and 1% Triton X-100).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct... | <Mentions>: [phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; pmsf; leupeptine; triton x-100]
<Options>: A: fluoride, benzenemethanesulfonyl (aka phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride)
B: methanesulfonyl fluoride
C: leucinamide
D: acetylbenzenesulfonyl fluoride
E: sulfonyl fluoride (aka sulfuryl fluoride)
F: perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (ak... | [A; M; G; P] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Total cellular protein was isolated using ice-cold lysis buffer (1× PBS, 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 10 mM leupeptine, 10 mM aprotinin and 1% Triton X-100).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct... | <Mentions>: [phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; pmsf; leupeptine; triton x-100]
<Options>: A: leupeptin, monoacetate, (s)-isomer (aka leupeptin)
B: para-antimonybenzenesulfonyl fluoride (aka 4-antimonybenzenesulfonyl fluoride)
C: glycyl-l-leucine (aka glycylleucine)
D: chelex 100
E: acelysine (aka acetylsalicylate, glycine... | [S; N; A; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Twenty-five micrograms of protein was loaded on 12% SDS–PAGE gel followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane PROTRAN (Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences, Boston, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options,... | <Mentions>: [sds]
<Options>: A: dermatan sulfate
B: dextran, hydrogen sulfate (aka dextran sulfate)
C: sodium dodecyltriethoxy sulfate (aka dodecyltriethoxy sulfate)
D: dodecyl sulfate, sodium (aka sodium dodecyl sulfate)
E: dodecyl sulfate
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Twenty-five micrograms of protein was loaded on 12% SDS–PAGE gel followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane PROTRAN (Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences, Boston, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options,... | <Mentions>: [sds]
<Options>: A: sodium dodecyltriethoxy sulfate (aka dodecyltriethoxy sulfate)
B: dextran, hydrogen sulfate (aka dextran sulfate)
C: dermatan sulfate
D: dodecyl sulfate
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Stimulation of cells with increasing concentrations of LPS (0–10 μg/ml) resulted in a dose–response accumulation of cytokines in the cell culture media of RAW 264.7-apoE3 and -apoE4 cells (Fig. 1).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: bacterial lysates
B: lipid (aka lipids)
C: lipopolysaccharide a
D: polysaccharides
E: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the cases of IL1β and MIP1α (Fig. 1A and B), there was a tendency for apoE4 expressing cells to secrete higher levels of cytokines at the majority of LPS concentrations tested, although the inter-group differences did not reach statistical significance (Fig.', select the correct biomed... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: galactose
B: bacterial lysates
C: deacylated lipopolysaccharides
D: lipoglycans (aka lipopolysaccharides)
E: lipopolysaccharide a
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast apoE4-macrophages produced 99%, 62%, 54%, and 83% more TNFα than E3 cells when stimulated at 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, and 10 μg/ml LPS (Fig. 1D).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each me... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: bacterial lysates
B: deacylated lipopolysaccharides
C: lipopolysaccharide a
D: lipoglycans (aka lipopolysaccharides)
E: polysaccharides
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, when IL10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was measured in the culture media, it was observed that apoE4-cells secreted lower concentrations of the cytokine, at all three LPS concentrations tested, with the differences reaching significance at the higher LPS concentrations (0.... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipids
B: galactose
C: peptidoglycan
D: endotoxin (aka endotoxins)
E: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Following stimulation for 6 h at different LPS concentrations, NF-κB activity augmented in both cell lines.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: deacylated lipopolysaccharides
B: bacterial lysates
C: endotoxin (aka endotoxins)
D: lactones
E: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In apoE3 expressing macrophages, NF-κB activity increased ∼2.5-fold (P < 0.005) at a concentration of 0.01 μg/ml, with no further increase evident with increasing concentrations of LPS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, lis... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharides
B: polysaccharide (aka polysaccharides)
C: lipopolysaccharides, deacylated (aka deacylated lipopolysaccharides)
D: peptidoglycan
E: polylactosamine
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In E4 cells, a higher activation of NF-κB (∼4.2-fold change, P < 0.005) was evident in cells stimulated with 0.01 μg/ml LPS, with a maximum ∼5-fold increase relative to apoE3 controls evident following stimulation with 0.1 μg/ml LPS (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each m... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: polysaccharides
B: galactose
C: lipopolysaccharide a
D: bacterial lysates
E: lipopolysaccharides
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparable differences between genotypes on NF-κB activity were observed at 12 and 24 h, with a time-dependent accumulation of alkaline phosphatase in the cell culture media evident after LPS (0.1 μg/ml) stimulation, with 100%, 64%, and 48% differences between genotypes evident at 6, 12, ... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharide a
B: bacterial lysates
C: lipoglycans (aka lipopolysaccharides)
D: lactone (aka lactones)
E: endotoxins
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Western blotting analysis showed higher HO-1 protein concentrations in apoE4 macrophages in both untreated (controls) and LPS (1 μg/ml) treated cells (Fig. 4B).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, on... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: polysaccharides, bacterial
B: lipopolysaccharide a
C: galactose
D: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
E: endotoxin (aka endotoxins)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The gene expression profiles were consistent with protein levels, with control and LPS stimulated cells expressing apoE4, producing 235% and 180% higher HO-1 mRNA relative to apoE3-macrophages (Fig. 4A).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. ... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: polysaccharides
B: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
C: lipids
D: peptidoglycan
E: lipopolysaccharides, deacylated (aka deacylated lipopolysaccharides)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The gene expression profiles were consistent with protein levels, with control and LPS stimulated cells expressing apoE4, producing 235% and 180% higher HO-1 mRNA relative to apoE3-macrophages (Fig. 4A).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. ... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: polysaccharides
B: lipopolysaccharides, deacylated (aka deacylated lipopolysaccharides)
C: lipids
D: peptidoglycan
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, LPS, a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) ligand that triggers cytokine expression by activation of a signalling cascade, was applied to investigate innate immune response, given that it is a commonly used approach, and that TLR4 activation is regarded to be relevant in the pathoge... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharides, deacylated (aka deacylated lipopolysaccharides)
B: peptidoglycan
C: galactose
D: lipopolysaccharide a
E: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Following LPS stimulation, higher mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and, IL1β, and the chemokine, MIP1α, with a trend towards lower levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 were evident in the apoE4 cell line.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention ... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharides
B: polysaccharides, bacterial
C: endotoxin (aka endotoxins)
D: galactose
E: peptidoglycan
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[14] determined that apoE4 mice showed elevated systemic and brain pro-inflammatory cytokines following intravenous administration of LPS, and Ophir et al.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: polysaccharides
B: peptidoglycan
C: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
D: lipid (aka lipids)
E: lactones
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[12] demonstrated that the expression of inflammation genes was higher and more prolongated in the brains of apoE4 following intracerebroventricular injection of LPS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct optio... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: bacterial lysates
B: lipopolysaccharides, deacylated (aka deacylated lipopolysaccharides)
C: endotoxins
D: lipopolysaccharides
E: lactone (aka lactones)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'NF-κB is a redox sensitive transcription factor, and therefore it was hypothesised that the increased oxidative stress observed in the apoE4 macrophages could contribute to a higher cytokine production by enhancing the activation of NF-κB. Here, we demonstrate through a reporter gene assa... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: peptidoglycan
B: lipids
C: galactose
D: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
E: polylactosamine
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HO-1 catalyses the rate limiting reaction in the degradation of heme, to yield biliverdin (with radical scavenging properties), carbon monoxide (a vascular modulator), and iron', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the cor... | <Mentions>: [biliverdin; carbon monoxide; iron]
<Options>: A: monoxide, carbon (aka carbon monoxide)
B: mesobiliverdin ix (aka mesobiliverdin)
C: iron chloride (fecl3) (aka ferric chloride)
D: ferrous chloride
E: carbogen
F: c3o2 (aka carbon suboxide)
G: bilin (aka bile pigments)
H: carbon, dissolved organic (aka disso... | [M; A; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HO-1 catalyses the rate limiting reaction in the degradation of heme, to yield biliverdin (with radical scavenging properties), carbon monoxide (a vascular modulator), and iron', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the cor... | <Mentions>: [biliverdin; carbon monoxide; iron]
<Options>: A: biliverdin diglucuronate (aka biliverdin diglucuronide)
B: ferrous chloride
C: delta-bilirubin (aka bilirubin)
D: sulfur monoxide
E: carbogen
F: ferrous oxide
G: carbon, dissolved organic (aka dissolved organic matter)
H: alpha, biliverdin ix (aka biliverdin... | [H; I; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HO-1 catalyses the rate limiting reaction in the degradation of heme, to yield biliverdin (with radical scavenging properties), carbon monoxide (a vascular modulator), and iron', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the cor... | <Mentions>: [biliverdin; carbon monoxide; iron]
<Options>: A: biliverdin diglucuronate (aka biliverdin diglucuronide)
B: iron oxide (aka ferric oxide)
C: ix alpha, biliverdin (aka biliverdine)
D: hematobiliverdin
E: cobalt
F: iron(v) (aka perferryl iron)
G: mesobiliverdin
H: iron
I: dietary iron (aka iron, dietary)
J: ... | [C; K; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'ApoE4-macrophages demonstrated increased levels of HO-1 under baseline conditions, and a stronger up-regulation of HO-1 at the mRNA and protein levels following LPS application.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the co... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lactones
B: bacterial lysates
C: polysaccharides, bacterial
D: polysaccharides
E: lipopolysaccharides
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cytokine production in RAW 264.7-apoE3 and -apoE4 following stimulation with increasing concentrations of LPS (0–10 μg/ml) for 4 h. Supernatants were collected for ELISA analysis 20 h later.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: bacterial lysates
B: bacterial polysaccharides (aka polysaccharides, bacterial)
C: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
D: galactose
E: lipids
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, comparing E3- vs. E4-cells at each LPS concentration.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
B: lactones
C: polysaccharide (aka polysaccharides)
D: polylactosamine
E: bacterial lysates
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cytokine mRNA levels measured using reverse transcription real-time PCR in RAW 264.7-apoE3 and -apoE4 following stimulation with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 6 h or 1 h (TNFα).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct option... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
B: lipids
C: peptidoglycan
D: bacterial polysaccharides (aka polysaccharides, bacterial)
E: endotoxin (aka endotoxins)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, comparing E3- vs. E4-cells at each LPS concentration.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipids
B: lipopolysaccharides
C: lipopolysaccharide a
D: peptidoglycan
E: endotoxins
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(A) NF-κB activity detected with alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay in RAW 264.7-apoE3 and -apoE4 following stimulation with increasing concentrations of LPS (0–1 μg/ml) for 6 h. (B) NF-κB activity following stimulation with LPS (0.1 μg/ml) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Results are calculate... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: deacylated lipopolysaccharides
B: lipopolysaccharides
C: peptidoglycan
D: polysaccharides
E: lipopolysaccharide a
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(A) NF-κB activity detected with alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assay in RAW 264.7-apoE3 and -apoE4 following stimulation with increasing concentrations of LPS (0–1 μg/ml) for 6 h. (B) NF-κB activity following stimulation with LPS (0.1 μg/ml) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Results are calculate... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: polysaccharides
B: deacylated lipopolysaccharides
C: lipopolysaccharide a
D: peptidoglycan
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0. 01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 comparing E3- vs. E4-cells at each LPS concentration; (C) control non-stimulated cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by sem... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipids
B: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
C: peptidoglycan
D: lipopolysaccharide a
E: lactones
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '(A) HO-1 mRNA levels detected with reverse transcription real-time PCR following stimulation with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h. Results are calculated with the 2−ΔΔCt method and data is expressed as mean ± SEM of four independent experiments performed in duplicate.', select the correct biomedic... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: polylactosamine
B: endotoxin (aka endotoxins)
C: peptidoglycan
D: lipid (aka lipids)
E: lipoglycans (aka lipopolysaccharides)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, comparing E3- vs. E4-cells at each LPS concentration.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: lipopolysaccharide (aka lipopolysaccharides)
B: lipids
C: galactose
D: bacterial lysates
E: peptidoglycan
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HO-1 levels as determined by Western blotting in relation to α-tubulin in RAW 264.7-apoE3 and -apoE4 under baseline conditions (control) and following stimulation with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answe... | <Mentions>: [lps]
<Options>: A: galactose
B: bacterial polysaccharides (aka polysaccharides, bacterial)
C: lipopolysaccharides
D: polysaccharides
E: lipid (aka lipids)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Reduction of quaternary ammonium-induced ocular surface toxicity by emulsions: an in vivo study in rabbits', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [quaternary ammonium]
<Options>: A: amide (aka amides)
B: ammonia
C: compounds, nitrogen (aka nitrogen compounds)
D: ammonium compound, quaternary (aka quaternary ammonium compounds)
E: amidines
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate and compare the toxicological profiles of two quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and cetalkonium chloride (CKC), in standard solution or cationic emulsion formulations in rabbit eyes using newly developed in vivo and ex vivo experimental approach... | <Mentions>: [quaternary ammonium compounds; qac; benzalkonium chloride; bak]
<Options>: A: bendazole
B: benzyl ammonium compounds (aka benzylammonium compounds)
C: caffeoyl 5,6-anhydroquinic acid
D: qaq cpd (aka 7-(phenyl(8-quinolinylamino)methyl)-8-quinolinol)
E: benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (aka benzyltrimethylam... | [T; U; I; P] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate and compare the toxicological profiles of two quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and cetalkonium chloride (CKC), in standard solution or cationic emulsion formulations in rabbit eyes using newly developed in vivo and ex vivo experimental approach... | <Mentions>: [quaternary ammonium compounds; qac; benzalkonium chloride; bak]
<Options>: A: 4-carboxyquinolinium
B: biogenic amines
C: benzoyl bromide
D: caffeidine acid
E: benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (aka benzyltrimethylammonium)
F: 5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid
G: 2-chlorobenzyl chloride
H: 2-qca (aka quinoxaline-2-ca... | [J; U; R; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate and compare the toxicological profiles of two quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and cetalkonium chloride (CKC), in standard solution or cationic emulsion formulations in rabbit eyes using newly developed in vivo and ex vivo experimental approach... | <Mentions>: [quaternary ammonium compounds; qac; benzalkonium chloride; bak]
<Options>: A: 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride
B: caffeoylquinic acid
C: caffeic acid
D: quinoline-1-amino-2-carboxylic acid
E: benzoyl bromide
F: 2-qca (aka quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid)
G: bradykinin
H: biogenic amines
I: benzalkonium (aka benzalko... | [J; T; I; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate and compare the toxicological profiles of two quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and cetalkonium chloride (CKC), in standard solution or cationic emulsion formulations in rabbit eyes using newly developed in vivo and ex vivo experimental approach... | <Mentions>: [quaternary ammonium compounds; qac; benzalkonium chloride; bak]
<Options>: A: benzochloryl (aka ddt)
B: benzocyclobutene
C: 4-aminoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid
D: 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride
E: diphenylcarbamoyl chloride
F: azq diaminoalcohol (aka 2,5-bis(2-hydroxyethylamino)-3,6-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benz... | [P; U; K; T] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate and compare the toxicological profiles of two quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and cetalkonium chloride (CKC), in standard solution or cationic emulsion formulations in rabbit eyes using newly developed in vivo and ex vivo experimental approach... | <Mentions>: [cetalkonium chloride; ckc]
<Options>: A: carbocyanines
B: carbocholine (aka carbachol)
C: cholesteryl cetyl carbonate
D: cesium chloride
E: cetyl bromide (aka 1-bromohexadecane)
F: cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (aka cetalkonium chloride)
G: cysteinylcysteine
H: cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (aka c... | [F; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To evaluate and compare the toxicological profiles of two quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and cetalkonium chloride (CKC), in standard solution or cationic emulsion formulations in rabbit eyes using newly developed in vivo and ex vivo experimental approach... | <Mentions>: [cetalkonium chloride; ckc]
<Options>: A: kappa-casein component (aka kappa-casein glycomacropeptide)
B: choline chloride (aka choline)
C: cetanol (aka cetyl alcohol)
D: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
E: chccal (aka 6-chloro-4-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid lactone)
F: cetyl bromi... | [J; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They were randomly divided into five groups: 50 µl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Sol and CKC Sol, respectively), and emulsion containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Em and CKC Em, respectively) were applied to rabbit eyes 15 times at 5-mi... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: benzol (aka benzene)
B: bendamustin (aka bendamustine hydrochloride)
C: benzocyclobutene
D: cysteinylcysteine
E: adriblastine (aka doxorubicin)
F: chccal (aka 6-chloro-4-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid lactone)
G: carboxymethyl cellulose (aka carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
H: chole... | [I; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They were randomly divided into five groups: 50 µl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Sol and CKC Sol, respectively), and emulsion containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Em and CKC Em, respectively) were applied to rabbit eyes 15 times at 5-mi... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: benzonal (aka benzobarbital)
B: benzylalanine (aka 2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid)
C: boric acid
D: cytokeratin (aka keratins)
E: carboxymethyl cellulose (aka carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
F: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
G: cyclocytidine (aka ancitabine)
H: benziodarone
... | [F; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They were randomly divided into five groups: 50 µl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Sol and CKC Sol, respectively), and emulsion containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Em and CKC Em, respectively) were applied to rabbit eyes 15 times at 5-mi... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: cysteinylcysteine
B: kynurenine
C: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
D: carbacycline (aka carboprostacyclin)
E: carbachol
F: adriblastine (aka doxorubicin)
G: kappa-casein component (aka kappa-casein glycomacropeptide)
H: cytokeratin (aka keratins)
I: benzocyclobutene
J: ben... | [C; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'They were randomly divided into five groups: 50 µl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Sol and CKC Sol, respectively), and emulsion containing 0.02% BAK or 0.002% CKC (BAK Em and CKC Em, respectively) were applied to rabbit eyes 15 times at 5-mi... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: chccal (aka 6-chloro-4-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid lactone)
B: benzoyl bromide
C: benzyl chloride
D: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
E: benzocyclobutene
F: chlorocytosine (aka 5-chlorocytosine)
G: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
H: cesium carbo... | [G; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Standard immunohistology in cryosections was also examined for cluster of differentiation (CD) 45+ infiltrating and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL)+ apoptotic cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided o... | <Mentions>: [dutp]
<Options>: A: thymidine phosphates (aka thymine nucleotides)
B: dttp (aka thymidine 5'-triphosphate)
C: 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (aka deoxyuridine triphosphate)
D: imido-dutp (aka 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-imidotriphosphate)
E: thymidine 5'-diphosphate
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clinical observations and IVCM showed that the highest toxicity was induced by BAK Sol, characterized by damaged corneal epithelium and a high level of inflammatory infiltration.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the c... | <Mentions>: [bak]
<Options>: A: benzylalanine (aka 2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid)
B: boric acid
C: n-benzoyl-l-arginine
D: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
E: bakrine
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'BAK Em and CKC Sol presented moderate effects, and CKC Em showed the lowest toxicity with results similar to those of PBS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semic... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
B: carbicalcin (aka elcatonin)
C: carbocysteine lysine (aka carbocysteine-lysine)
D: carbocyanines
E: carbachol
F: bendamustin (aka bendamustine hydrochloride)
G: cholesteryl cetyl carbonate
H: n-benzoyl-l-arginine
I: benzoylborane
J: benzyl... | [A; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'BAK Em and CKC Sol presented moderate effects, and CKC Em showed the lowest toxicity with results similar to those of PBS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semic... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: c-c chemokine (aka chemokines, cc)
B: carboxymethylcellulose (aka carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
C: cholesteryl cetyl carbonate
D: cysteinylcysteine
E: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
F: benzylalanine (aka 2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid)
G: cesium carbonate
H: benzoyl chlori... | [E; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conjunctival imprints analyzed by FCM showed a higher expression of RLA-DR and TNFR1 markers in BAK Sol-instilled eyes than in all other groups, especially at 4 h. Immunohistology was correlated with in vivo and ex vivo findings and confirmed this toxicity profile.', select the correct bi... | <Mentions>: [bak]
<Options>: A: benzol (aka benzene)
B: benzoyl bromide
C: kynurenine
D: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
E: benzyl bromide
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conjunctival imprints analyzed by FCM showed a higher expression of RLA-DR and TNFR1 markers in BAK Sol-instilled eyes than in all other groups, especially at 4 h. Immunohistology was correlated with in vivo and ex vivo findings and confirmed this toxicity profile.', select the correct bi... | <Mentions>: [bak]
<Options>: A: benzoyl bromide
B: kynurenine
C: benzol (aka benzene)
D: benzyl bromide
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A high level of infiltration of CD45+ inflammatory cells and TUNEL+ apoptotic cells was observed in limbus and conjunctiva, especially in QAC solution-receiving eyes compared to QAC emulsion-instilled eyes.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided option... | <Mentions>: [qac]
<Options>: A: chlorogenic acid
B: caffeoylquinic acid
C: 4-aminoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid
D: l-quinac (aka 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-glucose (n-acetyl-quinovosamine))
E: quinacrine
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The acute administration of 15 instillations at 5 min intervals was a rapid and efficient model to assess quaternary ammonium toxicity profiles.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each menti... | <Mentions>: [quaternary ammonium]
<Options>: A: ammonium (aka ammonium compounds)
B: nitrogen compounds
C: ammonium compounds, quaternary (aka quaternary ammonium compounds)
D: amidines
E: amines
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This model showed the highest toxicity, induced by the BAK solution, and the lowest level of toxicity, induced by the CKC emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: carbocysteine
B: adriblastine (aka doxorubicin)
C: benzyl chloride
D: carbocyanines
E: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
F: benzol (aka benzene)
G: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
H: chccal (aka 6-chloro-4-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid lactone)
I: ... | [G; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This model showed the highest toxicity, induced by the BAK solution, and the lowest level of toxicity, induced by the CKC emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: benzoylborane
B: benzonal (aka benzobarbital)
C: kappa-casein component (aka kappa-casein glycomacropeptide)
D: cesium carbonate
E: carbocysteine
F: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
G: carbacycline (aka carboprostacyclin)
H: bendamustin (aka bendamustine hydrochloride)
I: b... | [F; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These in vivo and ex vivo experimental approaches demonstrated that ocular surface toxicity was reduced by using an emulsion instead of a traditional solution and that a CKC emulsion was safe for future ocular administration.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using ... | <Mentions>: [ckc]
<Options>: A: cyclocytidine (aka ancitabine)
B: chccal (aka 6-chloro-4-hydroxychroman-2-carboxylic acid lactone)
C: carbicalcin (aka elcatonin)
D: carbocysteine lysine (aka carbocysteine-lysine)
E: carbachol
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'During the past few years, several oil-in-water emulsions have been introduced on the market for the treatment of dry eye syndrome and are used as tear substitutes or vehicles for active compounds.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the... | <Mentions>: [oil; water]
<Options>: A: water, potable (aka drinking water)
B: hydronium ion
C: hydrogen
D: oil, fuel (aka fuel oils)
E: lipids
F: hydrocarbons
G: oils
H: hydrogen oxide (aka water)
I: water, carbonated (aka carbonated water)
J: crude oil (aka petroleum)
K: None of the above. | [G; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'During the past few years, several oil-in-water emulsions have been introduced on the market for the treatment of dry eye syndrome and are used as tear substitutes or vehicles for active compounds.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the... | <Mentions>: [oil; water]
<Options>: A: potable water (aka drinking water)
B: hydroxide (aka hydroxide ion)
C: oxygen
D: hydrocarbons
E: oil, fuel (aka fuel oils)
F: heavy water (aka deuterium oxide)
G: crude oils (aka petroleum)
H: oils
I: lipids
J: hydrogen oxide (aka water)
K: None of the above. | [H; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These oil-in-water emulsions can be visualized as tiny oil droplets suspended within an aqueous phase, and they are particularly suitable for dry eye syndromes because of the oil supplementation to the tear film.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided ... | <Mentions>: [oil; water]
<Options>: A: water
B: hydrocarbon oils (aka mineral oil)
C: tryptophan
D: hydrocarbons
E: mineral waters
F: oil, fuel (aka fuel oils)
G: oils
H: oxygen
I: hydroxide (aka hydroxide ion)
J: lipids
K: None of the above. | [G; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These oil-in-water emulsions can be visualized as tiny oil droplets suspended within an aqueous phase, and they are particularly suitable for dry eye syndromes because of the oil supplementation to the tear film.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided ... | <Mentions>: [oil; water]
<Options>: A: hydronium ion
B: water
C: oil, vegetable (aka plant oils)
D: oil, fuel (aka fuel oils)
E: oil, dietary (aka dietary fats, unsaturated)
F: oils
G: hydrogen
H: crude oils (aka petroleum)
I: tryptophan
J: water, mineral (aka mineral waters)
K: None of the above. | [F; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Oil-in-water emulsions can be charged positively (for example, the surface of the tiny droplets becomes cationic) by adding quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as cationic agents.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the... | <Mentions>: [oil; water; quaternary ammonium compounds; qacs]
<Options>: A: hydrogen
B: chemicals
C: sulfamic acid
D: oils
E: hydrogen oxide (aka water)
F: plant oils
G: caffeoylquinic acid
H: lipids
I: chlorasquin
J: qas methylsulfate (aka n,n,n',n'-tetramethyl-n,n'-di-(8,15-dichloropentadeca-5,10-diene)ethylenediamin... | [D; E; L; U] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Oil-in-water emulsions can be charged positively (for example, the surface of the tiny droplets becomes cationic) by adding quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as cationic agents.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the... | <Mentions>: [oil; water; quaternary ammonium compounds; qacs]
<Options>: A: trimethyl ammonium compounds
B: chlorasquin
C: lipids
D: quinolinium compounds
E: hydrocarbon oils (aka mineral oil)
F: water vapor (aka steam)
G: heavy water (aka deuterium oxide)
H: hydrogen oxide (aka water)
I: quinamic acid
J: oxygen
K: die... | [T; H; R; U] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Oil-in-water emulsions can be charged positively (for example, the surface of the tiny droplets becomes cationic) by adding quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as cationic agents.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the... | <Mentions>: [oil; water; quaternary ammonium compounds; qacs]
<Options>: A: benzyl ammonium compounds (aka benzylammonium compounds)
B: mineral water (aka mineral waters)
C: oil, fuel (aka fuel oils)
D: lipids
E: bis-qac (aka n,n'-hexamethylenebis(4-carbamoyl-1-decylpyridinium bromide))
F: oxygen
G: hydrogen oxide (aka... | [J; G; M; U] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Oil-in-water emulsions can be charged positively (for example, the surface of the tiny droplets becomes cationic) by adding quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as cationic agents.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the... | <Mentions>: [oil; water; quaternary ammonium compounds; qacs]
<Options>: A: 4-aminoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid
B: ammonium compounds, quaternary (aka quaternary ammonium compounds)
C: quinolinium compounds
D: oil, fuel (aka fuel oils)
E: quaternary bisammonium salt
F: hydroxide (aka hydroxide ion)
G: qas sa (aka quater... | [L; M; B; U] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, the use of QACs as cationic agents at relatively high concentrations in emulsion raises concerns regarding their toxicological profile.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each menti... | <Mentions>: [qacs]
<Options>: A: quinamic acid
B: cysteinesulfenic acid
C: quaternary ammonium sulfanilamide
D: chlorasquin
E: caffeic acids
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As the most commonly used preservative, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), has shown its high level of toxicity in vitro and ex vivo by stimulating epithelial cell death, acting as pro-inflammatory or pro-apoptotic mediators, inducing oxidative stress, and significantly altering the precorneal ... | <Mentions>: [benzalkonium chloride; bak]
<Options>: A: benzol (aka benzene)
B: compounds, benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
C: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
D: benzochloryl (aka ddt)
E: benzyl chloride
F: bendazole
G: benzoyl chloride
H: benzidine dihydrochloride (aka benzidine)
I: diphenylcarbamoyl... | [B; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As the most commonly used preservative, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), has shown its high level of toxicity in vitro and ex vivo by stimulating epithelial cell death, acting as pro-inflammatory or pro-apoptotic mediators, inducing oxidative stress, and significantly altering the precorneal ... | <Mentions>: [benzalkonium chloride; bak]
<Options>: A: benzocyclobutene
B: boric acid
C: chloride, benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
D: benzoyl chloride
E: benzyl bromide
F: diphenylcarbamyl chloride
G: benzethonium chloride (aka benzethonium)
H: benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (aka benzyltrimethylammonium)
I:... | [C; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Moreover, BAK-induced conjunctival fibrosis is considered a relevant risk factor for glaucoma surgery failure.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bak]
<Options>: A: bendamustine (aka bendamustine hydrochloride)
B: benzyl bromide
C: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
D: bakrine
E: benzyl chloride
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Indeed, several papers have reported that the efficacy of different preservatives including BAK is attenuated when incorporated within an oil-in-water emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, on... | <Mentions>: [bak; oil; water]
<Options>: A: water, carbonated (aka carbonated water)
B: bakrine
C: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
D: oxygen
E: hydronium ion
F: oils
G: water
H: hydrocarbon oils (aka mineral oil)
I: oil, dietary (aka dietary fats, unsaturated)
J: oil, plant (aka plant oils)
K: crude oil (aka ... | [C; F; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Indeed, several papers have reported that the efficacy of different preservatives including BAK is attenuated when incorporated within an oil-in-water emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, on... | <Mentions>: [bak; oil; water]
<Options>: A: hydronium ion
B: kynurenine
C: benzoylborane
D: hydrocarbon oils (aka mineral oil)
E: vapors, water (aka steam)
F: benzonal (aka benzobarbital)
G: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
H: crude oil (aka petroleum)
I: water
J: bakrine
K: oil, plant (aka plant oils)
L: oil,... | [G; O; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Indeed, several papers have reported that the efficacy of different preservatives including BAK is attenuated when incorporated within an oil-in-water emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, on... | <Mentions>: [bak; oil; water]
<Options>: A: water
B: oxygen
C: benzoyl chloride
D: benzoyl bromide
E: lipids
F: tryptophan
G: dietary oils (aka dietary fats, unsaturated)
H: oils
I: benzonal (aka benzobarbital)
J: vegetable oils (aka plant oils)
K: hydroxide (aka hydroxide ion)
L: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compoun... | [L; H; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Indeed, several papers have reported that the efficacy of different preservatives including BAK is attenuated when incorporated within an oil-in-water emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, on... | <Mentions>: [bak; oil; water]
<Options>: A: oil, fuel (aka fuel oils)
B: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
C: tryptophan
D: hydrogen
E: hydrocarbons
F: boric acid
G: lipids
H: oils
I: water, carbonated (aka carbonated water)
J: water vapor (aka steam)
K: benzonal (aka benzobarbital)
L: vegetable oil (aka plant ... | [B; H; M] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In emulsion, BAK partitioned preferentially in the oil phase, resulting in only approximately 1.2% free BAK in solution in the aqueous phase.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for each mention,... | <Mentions>: [bak]
<Options>: A: benzoyl chloride
B: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
C: benzoylborane
D: benzyl chloride
E: kynurenine
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'BAK is composed of a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides bearing various alkyl chain lengths, each one with a different water solubility and water-octanol partition coefficient.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answe... | <Mentions>: [bak; alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides; water]
<Options>: A: benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (aka benzyltrimethylammonium)
B: hydroxide (aka hydroxide ion)
C: ammonium, dodecyltrimethyl-, chloride (aka dodecyltrimethylammonium)
D: n-benzoyl-l-arginine
E: adriblastine (aka doxorubicin)
F: hydrogen oxi... | [I; G; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'BAK is composed of a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides bearing various alkyl chain lengths, each one with a different water solubility and water-octanol partition coefficient.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answe... | <Mentions>: [bak; alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides; water]
<Options>: A: benzyl bromide
B: heavy water (aka deuterium oxide)
C: hydroxide (aka hydroxide ion)
D: water, potable (aka drinking water)
E: benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (aka zephiramine)
F: hydrogen oxide (aka water)
G: ammonium, dodecyltrim... | [O; J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'BAK is composed of a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides bearing various alkyl chain lengths, each one with a different water solubility and water-octanol partition coefficient.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answe... | <Mentions>: [bak; alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides; water]
<Options>: A: benzocyclobutene
B: vapors, water (aka steam)
C: boric acid
D: quaternary ammonium compounds, benzylcoco alkyldimethyl, chlorides (aka dimethylcocobenzalkonium chloride)
E: benzyl bromide
F: oxygen
G: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds... | [G; I; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'BAK is composed of a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides bearing various alkyl chain lengths, each one with a different water solubility and water-octanol partition coefficient.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answe... | <Mentions>: [bak; alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides; water]
<Options>: A: benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (aka benzyltrimethylammonium)
B: drinking water
C: bendazole
D: water vapor (aka steam)
E: benzyl chloride
F: hydroxide (aka hydroxide ion)
G: hydrogen oxide (aka water)
H: benziodarone
I: chloride, alkyldime... | [N; I; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'BAK is composed of a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides bearing various alkyl chain lengths, each one with a different water solubility and water-octanol partition coefficient.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answe... | <Mentions>: [octanol]
<Options>: A: octadecane
B: octanols
C: n octanol (aka 1-octanol)
D: oleanol (aka oleanolic acid)
E: octanes
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For the development of cationic emulsions in ophthalmology, the use of QAC for their cationic property rather than their preservative effect is being considered.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, o... | <Mentions>: [qac]
<Options>: A: aqc compound (aka 6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate)
B: l-quinac (aka 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-glucose (n-acetyl-quinovosamine))
C: c10qac (aka decyltrimethylammonium)
D: caffeoyl 5,6-anhydroquinic acid
E: caffeic acid
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We suggested the use of lipophilic cetalkonium chloride (CKC), one of the longest alkyl-chain BAK components, as a cationic agent in ophthalmic emulsions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for ... | <Mentions>: [cetalkonium chloride; ckc; bak]
<Options>: A: chlorocytosine (aka 5-chlorocytosine)
B: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
C: cethyltrimethylammonium chloride
D: carbocysteine lysine (aka carbocysteine-lysine)
E: cesium carbonate
F: benziodarone
G: trichloroacryloyl chloride
H: c-c chemokine (aka che... | [L; P; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We suggested the use of lipophilic cetalkonium chloride (CKC), one of the longest alkyl-chain BAK components, as a cationic agent in ophthalmic emulsions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for ... | <Mentions>: [cetalkonium chloride; ckc; bak]
<Options>: A: benzyl chloride
B: cethyltrimethylammonium chloride
C: bendamustin (aka bendamustine hydrochloride)
D: carbocholine (aka carbachol)
E: carbicalcin (aka elcatonin)
F: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
G: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compo... | [H; P; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We suggested the use of lipophilic cetalkonium chloride (CKC), one of the longest alkyl-chain BAK components, as a cationic agent in ophthalmic emulsions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options, one for ... | <Mentions>: [cetalkonium chloride; ckc; bak]
<Options>: A: cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (aka cetrimonium)
B: cysteinylcysteine
C: bakrine
D: benzoylborane
E: trichloroacryloyl chloride
F: carbachol
G: benzocyclobutene
H: cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (aka cetalkonium chloride)
I: kappa-casein component (aka k... | [H; P; N] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'With a highly lipophilic QAC, the distribution between the oil and aqueous phases of the emulsion is modified because of the affinity toward the oil phase, further favoring the cationic agent role over the preservative role.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using t... | <Mentions>: [qac]
<Options>: A: quinacrine
B: 5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid
C: aqc compound (aka 6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate)
D: c10qac (aka decyltrimethylammonium)
E: 4-carboxyquinolinium
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is important for further clinical developments to study the toxicological profiles of these new BAK or CKC-cationic emulsions and to compare them with solutions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
B: benzyl bromide
C: kappa-casein component (aka kappa-casein glycomacropeptide)
D: chlorocytosine (aka 5-chlorocytosine)
E: carbacycline (aka carboprostacyclin)
F: cysteinylcysteine
G: bradykinin
H: benzyl chloride
I: carbocysteine
J: benzo... | [A; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is important for further clinical developments to study the toxicological profiles of these new BAK or CKC-cationic emulsions and to compare them with solutions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: cysteinylcysteine
B: bradykinin
C: benzyl chloride
D: kappa-casein component (aka kappa-casein glycomacropeptide)
E: carbacycline (aka carboprostacyclin)
F: chlorocytosine (aka 5-chlorocytosine)
G: carbocysteine
H: benzyl bromide
I: benzol (aka benzene)
J: None of the above. | [J; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It is important for further clinical developments to study the toxicological profiles of these new BAK or CKC-cationic emulsions and to compare them with solutions.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. In the answer, list the correct options... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: n-benzoyl-l-arginine
B: chlorocytosine (aka 5-chlorocytosine)
C: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
D: adriblastine (aka doxorubicin)
E: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
F: benzonal (aka benzobarbital)
G: cytokeratin (aka keratins)
H: chccal (aka 6-chlo... | [E; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we combined two new investigative methods (IVCM for in vivo tissues images and IC for ex vivo epithelium inflammatory marker expression) in correlation with standard immunohistology for deep infiltration and apoptosis to assess the toxicological effects of BAK/CKC emulsion/... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: cyclocytidine (aka ancitabine)
B: benzoyl chloride
C: adriblastine (aka doxorubicin)
D: carboxymethyl cellulose (aka carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
E: benzoyl bromide
F: benzol (aka benzene)
G: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
H: cysteinylcysteine
I: cytokeratin (aka kerati... | [G; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we combined two new investigative methods (IVCM for in vivo tissues images and IC for ex vivo epithelium inflammatory marker expression) in correlation with standard immunohistology for deep infiltration and apoptosis to assess the toxicological effects of BAK/CKC emulsion/... | <Mentions>: [bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: carbachol
B: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
C: n-benzoyl-l-arginine
D: cholesteryl cetyl carbonate
E: benzoylborane
F: carbocysteine
G: bendamustin (aka bendamustine hydrochloride)
H: carbicalcin (aka elcatonin)
I: chlorocytosine (aka 5-chlorocytosine)
J: benziodarone
K: ... | [B; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our objectives were to evaluate the interest of QAC-containing emulsions compared to QAC-containing solutions, to compare BAK and CKC toxicity, and to assess the ocular safety of the newly developed CKC cationic emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the ... | <Mentions>: [qac; bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
B: quinoline-1-amino-2-carboxylic acid
C: cholesteryl cetyl carbonate
D: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
E: benzol (aka benzene)
F: carbacycline (aka carboprostacyclin)
G: carbocholine (aka carbachol)
H: chlorocy... | [P; D; P] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our objectives were to evaluate the interest of QAC-containing emulsions compared to QAC-containing solutions, to compare BAK and CKC toxicity, and to assess the ocular safety of the newly developed CKC cationic emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the ... | <Mentions>: [qac; bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
B: carbocyanines
C: benzocyclobutene
D: benzylalanine (aka 2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid)
E: c10qac (aka decyltrimethylammonium)
F: caffeoylquinic acid
G: cyclocytidine (aka ancitabine)
H: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium com... | [P; H; P] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our objectives were to evaluate the interest of QAC-containing emulsions compared to QAC-containing solutions, to compare BAK and CKC toxicity, and to assess the ocular safety of the newly developed CKC cationic emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the ... | <Mentions>: [qac; bak; ckc]
<Options>: A: carbachol
B: cysteinylcysteine
C: bakrine
D: benzoylborane
E: caffeidine acid
F: kappa-casein component (aka kappa-casein glycomacropeptide)
G: benzalkonium (aka benzalkonium compounds)
H: cyclocytidine (aka ancitabine)
I: caffeoylquinic acid
J: caffeic acid
K: n-benzoyl-l-argi... | [P; G; P] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our objectives were to evaluate the interest of QAC-containing emulsions compared to QAC-containing solutions, to compare BAK and CKC toxicity, and to assess the ocular safety of the newly developed CKC cationic emulsion.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the ... | <Mentions>: [ckc]
<Options>: A: carbocysteine
B: l-cysteine, n-(carboxycarbonyl)- (aka n-oxalylcysteine)
C: cyclocytidine (aka ancitabine)
D: cesium carbonate
E: c-c chemokine (aka chemokines, cc)
F: None of the above. | [F] |
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